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Viglianisi G, Santonocito S, Lupi SM, Amato M, Spagnuolo G, Pesce P, Isola G. Impact of local drug delivery and natural agents as new target strategies against periodontitis: new challenges for personalized therapeutic approach. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2023; 14:20406223231191043. [PMID: 37720593 PMCID: PMC10501082 DOI: 10.1177/20406223231191043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a persistent inflammation of the soft tissue around the teeth that affects 60% of the population in the globe. The self-maintenance of the inflammatory process can cause periodontal damage from the alveolar bone resorption to tooth loss in order to contrast the effects of periodontitis, the main therapy used is scaling and root planing (SRP). At the same time, studying the physiopathology of periodontitis has shown the possibility of using a local drug delivery system as an adjunctive therapy. Using local drug delivery devices in conjunction with SRP therapy for periodontitis is a potential tool since it increases drug efficacy and minimizes negative effects by managing drug release. This review emphasized how the use of local drug delivery agents and natural agents could be promising adjuvants for the treatment of periodontitis patients affected or not by cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other system problems. Moreover, the review evidences the current issues and new ideas that can inspire potential later study for both basic research and clinical practice for a tailored approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Viglianisi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialities, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialities, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Saturnino Marco Lupi
- Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Amato
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialities, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gianrico Spagnuolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Pesce
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialities, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, Catania 95123, Italy
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2
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Mosaddad SA, Hussain A, Tebyaniyan H. Green Alternatives as Antimicrobial Agents in Mitigating Periodontal Diseases: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1269. [PMCID: PMC10220622 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases and dental caries are the most common infectious oral diseases impacting oral health globally. Oral cavity health is crucial for enhancing life quality since it serves as the entranceway to general health. The oral microbiome and oral infectious diseases are strongly correlated. Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria have been associated with periodontal diseases. Due to the shortcomings of several antimicrobial medications frequently applied in dentistry, the lack of resources in developing countries, the prevalence of oral inflammatory conditions, and the rise in bacterial antibiotic resistance, there is a need for reliable, efficient, and affordable alternative solutions for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Several accessible chemical agents can alter the oral microbiota, although these substances also have unfavorable symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and tooth discoloration. Natural phytochemicals generated from plants that have historically been used as medicines are categorized as prospective alternatives due to the ongoing quest for substitute products. This review concentrated on phytochemicals or herbal extracts that impact periodontal diseases by decreasing the formation of dental biofilms and plaques, preventing the proliferation of oral pathogens, and inhibiting bacterial adhesion to surfaces. Investigations examining the effectiveness and safety of plant-based medicines have also been presented, including those conducted over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran;
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Science and Research Branch, Islimic Azade University, Tehran 14878-92855, Iran
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3
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Guida A, Warnakulasuriya S. Stomatognathic Diseases: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216525. [PMID: 36362753 PMCID: PMC9655770 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Guida
- U.O.C. Odontostomatologia, A.O.R.N. “A. Cardarelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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4
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Sufaru IG, Teslaru S, Pasarin L, Iovan G, Stoleriu S, Solomon SM. Host Response Modulation Therapy in the Diabetes Mellitus—Periodontitis Conjuncture: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081728. [PMID: 36015357 PMCID: PMC9414216 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response of the host in periodontitis is the phenomenon that underlies the onset and evolution of periodontal destructive phenomena. A number of systemic factors, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), can negatively affect the patient with periodontitis, just as the periodontal disease can aggravate the status of the DM patient. Host response modulation therapy involves the use of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant products aimed at resolving inflammation, stopping destructive processes, and promoting periodontal healing, all important aspects in patients with high tissue loss rates, such as diabetic patients. This paper reviews the data available in the literature on the relationship between DM and periodontitis, the main substances modulating the inflammatory response (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, sub-antimicrobial doses of doxycycline, or omega-3 fatty acids and their products, specialized pro-resolving mediators), as well as their application in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina-Georgeta Sufaru
- Department of Periodontology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Silvia Teslaru
- Department of Periodontology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (L.P.)
| | - Liliana Pasarin
- Department of Periodontology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (L.P.)
| | - Gianina Iovan
- Department of Cariology and Restorative Dental Therapy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Simona Stoleriu
- Department of Cariology and Restorative Dental Therapy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sorina Mihaela Solomon
- Department of Periodontology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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5
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Domi E, Hoxha M, Kolovani E, Tricarico D, Zappacosta B. The Importance of Nutraceuticals in COVID-19: What's the Role of Resveratrol? MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082376. [PMID: 35458574 PMCID: PMC9030369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since COVID-19 has affected global public health, there has been an urgency to find a solution to limit both the number of infections, and the aggressiveness of the disease once infected. The main characteristic of this infection is represented by a strong alteration of the immune system which, day by day, increases the risk of mortality, and can lead to a multiorgan dysfunction. Because nutritional profile can influence patient’s immunity, we focus our interest on resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound known for its immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory properties. We reviewed all the information concerning the different roles of resveratrol in COVID-19 pathophysiology using PubMed and Scopus as the main databases. Interestingly, we find out that resveratrol may exert its role through different mechanisms. In fact, it has antiviral activity inhibiting virus entrance in cells and viral replication. Resveratrol also improves autophagy and decreases pro-inflammatory agents expression acting as an anti-inflammatory agent. It regulates immune cell response and pro-inflammatory cytokines and prevents the onset of thrombotic events that usually occur in COVID-19 patients. Since resveratrol acts through different mechanisms, the effect could be enhanced, making a totally natural agent particularly effective as an adjuvant in anti COVID-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Domi
- Department for Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, 1000 Tirana, Albania; (E.D.); (M.H.)
| | - Malvina Hoxha
- Department for Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, 1000 Tirana, Albania; (E.D.); (M.H.)
| | - Entela Kolovani
- Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirana, Rruga e Dibrës, 1005 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Bruno Zappacosta
- Department for Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, 1000 Tirana, Albania; (E.D.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +355-42-273-290
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6
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Thouvenot K, Turpin T, Taïlé J, Clément K, Meilhac O, Gonthier MP. Links between Insulin Resistance and Periodontal Bacteria: Insights on Molecular Players and Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030378. [PMID: 35327570 PMCID: PMC8945445 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease mainly associated with insulin resistance during obesity and constitutes a major public health problem worldwide. A strong link has been established between type 2 diabetes and periodontitis, an infectious dental disease characterized by chronic inflammation and destruction of the tooth-supporting tissue or periodontium. However, the molecular mechanisms linking periodontal bacteria and insulin resistance remain poorly elucidated. This study aims to summarize the mechanisms possibly involved based on in vivo and in vitro studies and targets them for innovative therapies. Indeed, during periodontitis, inflammatory lesions of the periodontal tissue may allow periodontal bacteria to disseminate into the bloodstream and reach tissues, including adipose tissue and skeletal muscles that store glucose in response to insulin. Locally, periodontal bacteria and their components, such as lipopolysaccharides and gingipains, may deregulate inflammatory pathways, altering the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Moreover, periodontal bacteria may promote ROS overproduction via downregulation of the enzymatic antioxidant defense system, leading to oxidative stress. Crosstalk between players of inflammation and oxidative stress contributes to disruption of the insulin signaling pathway and promotes insulin resistance. In parallel, periodontal bacteria alter glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver and deregulate insulin production by pancreatic β-cells, contributing to hyperglycemia. Interestingly, therapeutic management of periodontitis reduces systemic inflammation markers and ameliorates insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. Of note, plant polyphenols exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities as well as insulin-sensitizing and anti-bacterial actions. Thus, polyphenol-based therapies are of high interest for helping to counteract the deleterious effects of periodontal bacteria and improve insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Thouvenot
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; (K.T.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (O.M.)
| | - Teva Turpin
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; (K.T.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (O.M.)
| | - Janice Taïlé
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; (K.T.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (O.M.)
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition and Obesity, Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; (K.T.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (O.M.)
| | - Marie-Paule Gonthier
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; (K.T.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (O.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-262-693-92-08-55
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7
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Homaeigohar S, Boccaccini AR. Nature-Derived and Synthetic Additives to poly(ɛ-Caprolactone) Nanofibrous Systems for Biomedicine; an Updated Overview. Front Chem 2022; 9:809676. [PMID: 35127651 PMCID: PMC8807494 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.809676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a low cost, biocompatible, and bioresorbable synthetic polymer, poly (ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) is widely used for different biomedical applications including drug delivery, wound dressing, and tissue engineering. An extensive range of in vitro and in vivo tests has proven the favourable applicability of PCL in biomedicine, bringing about the FDA approval for a plethora of PCL made medical or drug delivery systems. This popular polymer, widely researched since the 1970s, can be readily processed through various techniques such as 3D printing and electrospinning to create biomimetic and customized medical products. However, low mechanical strength, insufficient number of cellular recognition sites, poor bioactivity, and hydrophobicity are main shortcomings of PCL limiting its broader use for biomedical applications. To maintain and benefit from the high potential of PCL, yet addressing its physicochemical and biological challenges, blending with nature-derived (bio)polymers and incorporation of nanofillers have been extensively investigated. Here, we discuss novel additives that have been meant for enhancement of PCL nanofiber properties and thus for further extension of the PCL nanofiber application domain. The most recent researches (since 2017) have been covered and an updated overview about hybrid PCL nanofibers is presented with focus on those including nature-derived additives, e.g., polysaccharides and proteins, and synthetic additives, e.g., inorganic and carbon nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Homaeigohar
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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8
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The Effects of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Natural Compounds on Chronic Periodontitis: A Clinical Review. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1328:59-80. [PMID: 34981471 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The paper aims to review the current clinical evidence of various herbal agents as an adjunct treatment in the management of chronic periodontitis patients. Gingivitis and periodontitis are two common infectious inflammatory diseases of the supporting tissues of the teeth and have a multifactorial etiology. An important concern about chronic periodontitis is its association with certain systemic disease. New treatment strategies for controlling the adverse effects of chronic periodontitis have been extensively assessed and practiced in sub-clinical and clinical studies. It has been shown that the phytochemical agents have various therapeutic properties such as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects which can be beneficial for the treatment of periodontitis. The findings of this review support the adjunctive use of herbal agents in the management of chronic periodontitis. Heterogeneity and limited data may reduce the impact of these conclusions. Future long-term randomized controlled trials evaluating the clinical efficacy of adjunctive herbal therapy to scaling and root planing are needed.
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9
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Lim YRI, Preshaw PM, Lin H, Tan KS. Resveratrol and Its Analogs as Functional Foods in Periodontal Disease Management. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.636423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease driven by the interaction between a dysbiotic oral microbiome and the dysregulated host immune-inflammatory response. Naturally derived nutraceuticals, such as resveratrol and its analogs, are potential adjunctive therapies in periodontal treatment due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, different analogs of resveratrol and the choice of solvents used may lead to varying effects on therapeutic properties. This review presents the current findings and gaps in our understanding on the potential utility of resveratrol and its analogs in periodontal treatment.
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10
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Peter AE, Sandeep BV, Rao BG, Kalpana VL. Calming the Storm: Natural Immunosuppressants as Adjuvants to Target the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:583777. [PMID: 33708109 PMCID: PMC7941276 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.583777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis, with no specific antiviral to treat the infection and the absence of a suitable vaccine to prevent it. While some individuals contracting the SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit a well coordinated immune response and recover, others display a dysfunctional immune response leading to serious complications including ARDS, sepsis, MOF; associated with morbidity and mortality. Studies revealed that in patients with a dysfunctional immune response, there is a massive cytokine and chemokine release, referred to as the ‘cytokine storm’. As a result, such patients exhibit higher levels of pro-inflammatory/modulatory cytokines and chemokines like TNFα, INFγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, G-CSF, GM-CSF, MCSF, HGF and chemokines CXCL8, MCP1, IP10, MIP1α and MIP1β. Targeting this cytokine storm is a novel, promising treatment strategy to alleviate this excess influx of cytokines observed at the site of infection and their subsequent disastrous consequences. Natural immunosuppressant compounds, derived from plant sources like curcumin, luteolin, piperine, resveratrol are known to inhibit the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This inhibitory effect is mediated by altering signal pathways like NF-κB, JAK/STAT, MAPK/ERK that are involved in the production and release of cytokines and chemokines. The use of these natural immunosuppressants as adjuvants to ameliorate the cytokine storm; in combination with antiviral agents and other treatment drugs currently in use presents a novel, synergistic approach for the treatment and effective cure of COVID-19. This review briefly describes the immunopathogenesis of the cytokine storm observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection and details some natural immunosuppressants that can be used as adjuvants in treating COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela E Peter
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - B V Sandeep
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - B Ganga Rao
- Andhra University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - V Lakshmi Kalpana
- Department of Human Genetics, College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
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11
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Vo TTT, Chu PM, Tuan VP, Te JSL, Lee IT. The Promising Role of Antioxidant Phytochemicals in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Disease via the Inhibition of Oxidative Stress Pathways: Updated Insights. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121211. [PMID: 33271934 PMCID: PMC7760335 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence on the involvement of oxidative stress, which is simply described as the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the former, in the development of periodontal disease that is the most common inflammatory disease in the oral cavity. Thus, the potential of antioxidant phytochemicals as adjunctively preventive and therapeutic agents against the initiation and progression of periodontal disease is a topic of great interest. The current review firstly aims to provide updated insights about the immuno-inflammatory pathway regulated by oxidative stress in periodontal pathology. Then, this work further presents the systemic knowledge of antioxidant phytochemicals, particularly the pharmacological activities, which can be utilized in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease. Additionally, the challenges and future prospects regarding such a scope are figured out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thuy Tien Vo
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan;
| | - Vo Phuoc Tuan
- Endoscopy Department, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Joyce Si-Liang Te
- Department of Medical Education, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-27361661 (ext. 5162); Fax: +886-2-27362295
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12
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Sczepanik FSC, Grossi ML, Casati M, Goldberg M, Glogauer M, Fine N, Tenenbaum HC. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of oxidative stress: We should treat it that way. Periodontol 2000 2020; 84:45-68. [PMID: 32844417 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent disease. As it progresses, it causes serious morbidity in the form of periodontal abscesses and tooth loss and, in the latter stages, pain. It is also now known that periodontitis is strongly associated with several nonoral diseases. Thus, patients with periodontitis are at greater risk for the development and/or exacerbation of diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular diseases, among other conditions. Although it is without question that specific groups of oral bacteria which populate dental plaque play a causative role in the development of periodontitis, it is now thought that once this disease has been triggered, other factors play an equal, and possibly more important, role in its progression, particularly in severe cases or in cases that prove difficult to treat. In this regard, we allude to the host response, specifically the notion that the host, once infected with oral periodontal pathogenic bacteria, will mount a defense response mediated largely through the innate immune system. The most abundant cell type of the innate immune system - polymorphonuclear neutrophils - can, when protecting the host from microbial invasion, mount a response that includes upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and reactive oxygen species, all of which then contribute to the tissue damage and loss of teeth commonly associated with periodontitis. Of the mechanisms referred to here, we suggest that upregulation of reactive oxygen species might play one of the most important roles in the establishment and progression of periodontitis (as well as in other diseases of inflammation) through the development of oxidative stress. In this overview, we discuss both innate and epigenetic factors (eg, diabetes, smoking) that lead to the development of oxidative stress. This oxidative stress then provides an environment conducive to the destructive processes observed in periodontitis. Therefore, we shall describe some of the fundamental characteristics of oxidative stress and its effects on the periodontium, discuss the diseases and other factors that cause oxidative stress, and, finally, review potentially novel therapeutic approaches for the management (and possibly even the reversal) of periodontitis, which rely on the use of therapies, such as resveratrol and other antioxidants, that provide increased antioxidant activity in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Márcio Lima Grossi
- School of Health Sciences, Dentistry, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Prosthodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Márcio Casati
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Paulista University (UNIP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Michael Goldberg
- Discipline of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dentistry, Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Periodontology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dentistry, Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Noah Fine
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Howard C Tenenbaum
- Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Thodupuzha, India.,Faculty of Dentistry, Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Wang R, Bao B, Bao C, Wang S, Ur Rahman S, Hou C, Elango J, Wu W. Resveratrol and Celastrol Loaded Collagen Dental Implants Regulate Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Growth and Osteoclastogenesis of Bone Marrow Macrophages. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000295. [PMID: 32649040 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is widely used for dental therapy in several ways such as films, 3D matrix, and composites, besides traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used in tissue regeneration and wound healing application for centuries. Hence, the present study was targeted for the first time to fabricate collagen film with TCM such as resveratrol and celastrol in order to investigate the human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLF) growth and bone marrow macrophages (BMM) derived osteoclastogenesis. Further, the physicochemical, mechanical and biological activities of collagen-TCM films crosslinked by glycerol and EDC-NHS (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide-N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide) were investigated. Collagen film characterization was significantly regulated by the nature of plasticizers like hydrophobic and degree of polarity. Interestingly, the collagen film's denaturation temperature was increased by EDC-NHS than glycerol. FT-IR data confirmed the functional group changes due to chemical interaction of collagen with TCM. Morphological changes of HPLF cells cultured in control and collagen films were observed by SEM. Importantly, the addition of resveratrol upregulated the proliferation of HPLF cells, while osteoclastogenesis of BMM cells treated with mCSF-RANKL was significantly downregulated by celastrol. Accordingly, the collagen-TCM film could be an interesting material for dental regeneration, and especially it is a therapeutic target to restrain the elevated bone resorption during osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Wang
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Bin Bao
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Chunling Bao
- East Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, P. R. China
| | - Saeed Ur Rahman
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Chunyu Hou
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Jeevithan Elango
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China.,National R&D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology, Shanghai, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
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Çelik N, Işcan Yapar M, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Nalcı KA. Influence of resveratrol application with pulp-capping materials on the genetic expression levels of stem cells. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1253-1263. [PMID: 32515014 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate in a laboratory setting the response of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to pulp-capping materials with and without resveratrol (RSV). METHODOLOGY Five materials, Calcimol LC, Life, TheraCal LC, ProRoot MTA and Biodentine, were prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions. Human MSCs were then exposed to these materials, with and without RSV, for 24 h (n = 8). Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay, and total cell death was quantified by annexin V-FITC staining with flow cytometry. The expression levels of the IL-8, IL-10, HBD-2 and BCL-2 genes were investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data obtained from MTT test were analysed using one-way anova, and Tukey's multiple-comparison test. The paired Student t test was employed to compare the effects of materials on gene expression (significance level of 5%). RESULTS The group cell viabilities were Calcimol LC 53%, Life 43%, TheraCal LC 78%, ProRoot MTA 75% and Biodentine 78%. Calcimol LC and Life exhibited significant differences compared with the control groups (P < 0.05). The percentages of necrotic/late apoptotic cells associated with Calcimol LC and TheraCal LC were greater than in the other materials. However, when RSV was added to wells containing materials, cell viability increased to Calcimol LC 63%, Life 52%, TheraCal LC 82%, ProRoot MTA 91% and Biodentine 96%, and the percentages of early apoptotic and late apoptotic/necrotic cells decreased. Calcimol LC + RSV and Life + RSV differed significantly from the control group (P < 0.05). The expression of IL-8 gene was high for all materials, ProRoot MTA caused significant overexpression, and the addition of RSV reduced the expression of IL-8 in the Calcimol LC, TheraCal LC and ProRoot MTA groups and led to increased expression of IL-10 in the Calcimol LC, Life and Biodentine groups. HBD-2 and BCL-2 exhibited increased expression in ProRoot MTA with RSV (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The addition of RSV exerted a protective effect on MSCs and regulated the inflammatory process by altering the expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Çelik
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - M Işcan Yapar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - A Taghizadehghalehjoughi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - K A Nalcı
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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15
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Ben Lagha A, Andrian E, Grenier D. Resveratrol attenuates the pathogenic and inflammatory properties of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Mol Oral Microbiol 2020; 34:118-130. [PMID: 30950227 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis has been strongly associated with chronic periodontitis, which affects tooth-supporting tissues. This Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium produces a repertoire of virulence factors that modulate tissue destruction directly or indirectly by the induction of inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol, a major polyphenol found in grapes and wine, on the growth and virulence properties of P. gingivalis as well as on gingival keratinocyte tight junction integrity and the host inflammatory response. Resveratrol exhibited antibacterial activity that may result from damage to the bacterial cell membrane. Resveratrol also killed a pre-formed P. gingivalis biofilm and reduced bacterial adherence to matrix proteins. In addition, resveratrol had a protective effect on the integrity of the keratinocyte tight junctions by inhibiting its breakdown by P. gingivalis. This may be related to the ability of resveratrol to inhibit the protease activities of P. gingivalis. Lastly, resveratrol reduced P. gingivalis-mediated activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and attenuated TREM-1 gene expression as well as soluble TREM-1 secretion in monocytes. The effect on NF-κB activation likely results from the ability of resveratrol to act as a PPAR-γ agonist. In summary, the antibacterial, anti-adherence, and antiprotease properties of resveratrol, as well as its ability to protect the gingival keratinocyte barrier and attenuate the inflammatory response in monocytes suggest that it may be a promising novel therapeutic agent for treating periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Ben Lagha
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Elisoa Andrian
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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16
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Research Advances in the Use of Bioactive Compounds from Vitis vinifera By-Products in Oral Care. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060502. [PMID: 32521718 PMCID: PMC7346141 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral health is considered an important factor of general health and it contributes to the quality of life. Despite the raising awareness of preventive measures, the prevalence of oral health conditions continues to increase. In this context, a growing interest in investigating natural resources like Vitis vinifera (V. vinifera) phenolic compounds (PhCs) as oral health promoters has emerged. This paper aims to review the evidence about the bioactivities of V. vinifera by-products in oral health. Up to date, a high number of studies have thoroughly reported the antimicrobial and antiplaque activity of V. vinifera extracts against S. mutans or in multi-species biofilms. Moreover, the bioactive compounds from V. vinifera by-products have been shown to modulate the periodontal inflammatory response and the underlying oxidative stress imbalance induced by the pathogenic bacteria. Considering these beneficial effects, the utility of V. vinifera by-products in the maintaining of oral health and the necessary steps towards the development of oral care products were emphasized. In conclusion, the high potential of V. vinifera by-products could be valorized in the development of oral hygiene products with multi-target actions in the prevention and progression of several oral conditions.
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17
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Javid AZ, Hormoznejad R, Yousefimanesh HA, Haghighi-Zadeh MH, Zakerkish M. Impact of resveratrol supplementation on inflammatory, antioxidant, and periodontal markers in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2769-2774. [PMID: 31405706 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are two common and chronic diseases with bidirectional relationship influence public health and quality of life. The aims of this study was to study the impact of resveratrol supplementation in adjunct with non-surgical periodontal therapy on inflammatory, antioxidant, and periodontal markers in patients with type 2 diabetes with periodontal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this randomized clinical trial, 43 patients with diabetes and chronic periodontitis were randomly allocated into two intervention and control groups receiving either resveratrol supplements or placebo for 4 weeks. Serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) as the main index of periodontal marker were measured pre-intervention and post-intervention. RESULTS In the intervention group, the mean serum level of IL6 was reduced significantly (P = 0.039) post-intervention (2.19 ± 1.09 and 1.58 ± 1.06). No significant differences were seen in the mean levels of IL6, TNFα, TAC and CAL between two groups post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that daily consumption of resveratrol supplement may not change TNFα, TAC and CAL, but it would be beneficial in reducing serum levels of IL6. Therefore, further studies are suggested to investigate the effects of resveratrol supplementation along with NST on periodontal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Zare Javid
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Razie Hormoznejad
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Hojat Allah Yousefimanesh
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mehrnoosh Zakerkish
- Health research institute, Diabetes research center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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18
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Carnosic Acid Inhibits CXCR3 Ligands Production in IL-27-Stimulated Human Oral Epithelial Cells. Inflammation 2019; 42:1311-1316. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-00991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Dietary Polyphenols and Periodontitis-A Mini-Review of Literature. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071786. [PMID: 30036945 PMCID: PMC6099717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, which is a chronic infection and disease of the periodontium, is a significant global health burden and is linked to other chronic health conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Dietary polyphenols present in a wide variety of plant-based foods, herbs, and botanicals have been shown to exert antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and reduced osteoclast and alveolar bone loss activities in animal models of periodontitis. Polyphenol-containing beverages and foods especially green tea and its active catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate, cranberries, pomegranates, and fruit and vegetable extracts have reported bacteriostatic/bactericidal activity against microbial species such as P. gingivalis and shown total bacterial burden in clinical studies. These polyphenols also exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which have the potential to impact various biological mechanisms for reducing the initiation and progression of periodontitis. The main objective of this mini-review is to focus on the mechanisms of action of dietary polyphenols in improving the pathophysiology underlying chronic inflammatory diseases like periodontitis based on pre-clinical and clinical models.
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20
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Effect of Resveratrol Dry Suspension on Immune Function of Piglets. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5952707. [PMID: 29483932 PMCID: PMC5816855 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5952707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a polyphenolic plant antitoxin, has a wide range of pharmacological activities. In this study, we systematically evaluated the effects of resveratrol dry suspension (RDS) on immune function in piglets that were treated with different doses of RDS for 2 weeks. The results showed that the RDS has significant effects on the development, maturation, proliferation, and transformation of T lymphocytes. RDS could regulate humoral immune responses by upregulating the release of IFN-γ and downregulating the release of TNF-α. After piglets were vaccinated against classical swine fever virus and foot-and-mouth disease virus, the antibody titers were significantly increased. RDS treatment showed an excellent resistance to enhance T-SOD activity. Values of blood routine and blood biochemistry showed no toxicity. These results suggested that RDS could be considered as an adjuvant to enhance immune responses to vaccines, as well as dietary additives for animals to enhance humoral and cellular immunity.
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21
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Matsuda Y, Minagawa T, Okui T, Yamazaki K. Resveratrol suppresses the alveolar bone resorption induced by artificial trauma from occlusion in mice. Oral Dis 2017; 24:412-421. [PMID: 28944599 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Besides inflammatory bone loss, trauma from occlusion (TO)-induced alveolar bone loss increases the risk of future tooth loss. We have shown that resveratrol, a polyphenol, possesses anti-inflammatory characteristics and a suppressive effect on osteoclastogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the effects of resveratrol on TO-induced bone loss in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Trauma from occlusion was induced by overlaying composite resin onto the maxillary first molar of C57BL/6 mice. TO-induced mice were administered either resveratrol or vehicle for 15 days from 5 days before TO induction. The mice administered vehicle only served as controls. The effect of resveratrol on bone resorption was assessed histologically. Gene expression in gingival and periodontal ligament tissues was analyzed. In vitro effect of resveratrol on the differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages into osteoclastic cells was analyzed. RESULTS Resveratrol administration significantly decreased the bone loss and suppressed the elevated expression of osteoclastogenesis-related gene in periodontal ligament tissue by TO. Resveratrol treatment also suppressed the differentiation of both RAW 264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages into osteoclastic cells. CONCLUSION Resveratrol administration suppressed the TO-induced alveolar bone loss by suppressing osteoclast differentiation, suggesting that resveratrol is effective in preventing both inflammation and mechanical stress-induced alveolar bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Matsuda
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Minagawa
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Okui
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - K Yamazaki
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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22
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Zare Javid A, Hormoznejad R, Yousefimanesh HA, Zakerkish M, Haghighi-Zadeh MH, Dehghan P, Ravanbakhsh M. The Impact of Resveratrol Supplementation on Blood Glucose, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Triglyceride, and Periodontal Markers in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Chronic Periodontitis. Phytother Res 2016; 31:108-114. [PMID: 27807887 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of resveratrol supplementation along with non-surgical periodontal treatment on blood glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, triglyceride (TG), and periodontal markers in patients with type 2 diabetes with periodontal disease. In this double-blind clinical trial study, 43 patients with diabetes with chronic periodontitis were participated. Subjects were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. The intervention and control groups received either 480 mg/day of resveratrol or placebo capsules (two pills) for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), TGs, and pocket depth were measured in all subjects' pre-intervention and post-intervention. The mean serum levels of fasting insulin and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) were significantly lower in the intervention group compared with control group (10.42 ± 0.28 and 10.92 ± 0.9; 3.66 ± 0.97 and 4.49 ± 1.56, respectively). There was a significant difference in the mean pocket depth between intervention and control groups (2.35 ± 0.6 and 3.38 ± 0.5, respectively) following intervention. No significant differences were observed in the mean levels of fasting blood glucose and TGs between two groups' post-intervention. It is recommended that resveratrol supplementation may be beneficial as adjuvant therapy along with non-surgical periodontal treatment in insulin resistance and improving periodontal status among patients with diabetes with periodontal disease. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Zare Javid
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center and Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Razie Hormoznejad
- Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hojat Allah Yousefimanesh
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Zakerkish
- Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Parvin Dehghan
- Nutrition Research Center, Food Science and Technology Department, Nutrition Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ravanbakhsh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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23
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Corrêa MG, Pires PR, Ribeiro FV, Pimentel SZ, Casarin RCV, Cirano FR, Tenenbaum HT, Casati MZ. Systemic treatment with resveratrol and/or curcumin reduces the progression of experimental periodontitis in rats. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:201-209. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Corrêa
- Dental Research Division; School of Dentistry; Paulista University; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - P. R. Pires
- Dental Research Division; School of Dentistry; Paulista University; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - F. V. Ribeiro
- Dental Research Division; School of Dentistry; Paulista University; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - S. Z. Pimentel
- Dental Research Division; School of Dentistry; Paulista University; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - R. C. V. Casarin
- Dental Research Division; School of Dentistry; Paulista University; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - F. R. Cirano
- Dental Research Division; School of Dentistry; Paulista University; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - H. T. Tenenbaum
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Periodontics; School of Dental Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - M. Z. Casati
- Dental Research Division; School of Dentistry; Paulista University; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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Pumklin J, Bhalang K, Pavasant P. Hypoxia enhances the effect of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated IL-1β expression in human periodontal ligament cells. Odontology 2016; 104:338-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-015-0223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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CIRANO FR, CASARIN RCV, RIBEIRO FV, CASATI MZ, PIMENTEL SP, TAIETE T, BERNARDI MM. Effect of Resveratrol on periodontal pathogens during experimental periodontitis in rats. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:e128. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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26
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Zupančič Š, Baumgartner S, Lavrič Z, Petelin M, Kristl J. Local delivery of resveratrol using polycaprolactone nanofibers for treatment of periodontal disease. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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27
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Non-Nutrient, Naturally Occurring Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant Activity for the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:447-81. [PMID: 26783837 PMCID: PMC4665427 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main factors able to explain the pathophysiological mechanism of inflammatory conditions that occur in periodontal disease is oxidative stress. Given the emerging understanding of this relationship, host-modulatory therapies using antioxidants could be interesting to prevent or slow the breakdown of soft and hard periodontal tissues. In this context, non-nutrient phenolic compounds of various foods and plants have received considerable attention in the last decade. Here, studies focusing on the relationship between different compounds of this type with periodontal disease have been collected. Among them, thymoquinone, coenzyme Q (CoQ), mangiferin, resveratrol, verbascoside and some flavonoids have shown to prevent or ameliorate periodontal tissues damage in animal models. However evidence regarding this effect in humans is poor and only limited to topical treatments with CoQ and catechins. Along with animal experiments, in vitro studies indicate that possible mechanisms by which these compounds might exert their protective effects include antioxidative properties, oxygen and nitrogen scavenging abilities, and also inhibitory effects on cell signaling cascades related to inflammatory processes which have an effect on RNS or ROS production as well as on antioxidant defense systems.
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28
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Cytoprotective effect of resveratrol diastereomers in CHO-K1 cells exposed to beauvericin. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 80:319-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Kassem AA, Farid RM, Issa DAE, Khalil DS, Abd-El-Razzak MY, Saudi HI, Eltokhey HM, El-Zamarany EA. Development of mucoadhesive microbeads using thiolated sodium alginate for intrapocket delivery of resveratrol. Int J Pharm 2015; 487:305-13. [PMID: 25865569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (Res), a polyphenolic phytoalexin, had shown a promising therapeutic efficacy towards treatment of periodontal disease in vitro. This work aims to develop Res microbeads with strong mucoadhesion using thiolated alginate (TA) for local treatment of periodontal pockets. TA was synthesized by conjugating sodium alginate (A) with thioglycolic acid. Product was evaluated by IR and DSC. Both A and A:TA Res microbeads with different ratios were prepared by ionotropic gelation method. Formulations were evaluated regarding their entrapment efficiency (%EE), swelling index (SI), in vitro drug release and kinetics. Selected formula was examined for its mucoadhesion by ex vivo wash-off method, surface morphology using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and stability against light. Clinical evaluation is running.Formation of TA was confirmed. %EE for all formulations ranged from 83.72 to 104.54%. Results revealed a significant lower SI for TA rich formulation (A/TA 1:1) along with slower release rate and zero-order kinetics, in addition to powerful mucoadhesion; 26% remaining of microbeads after 1h, compared to 2% for A microbeads. SEM micrographs showed a rough surface with drug precipitation. The formula maintained its %EE after 5h exposure to direct sunlight. A/TA 1:1 mucoadhesive Res microbeads could be exploited as a prolonged drug release devices for intrapocket application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Ahmed Kassem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ragwa Mohamed Farid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ahmed Elsayed Issa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa Said Khalil
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona Yehia Abd-El-Razzak
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hussein Ibrahim Saudi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Yang P, Gao Z, Zhang H, Fang Z, Wu C, Xu H, Huang QJ. Changes in proinflammatory cytokines and white matter in chronically stressed rats. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:597-607. [PMID: 25834438 PMCID: PMC4358419 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s78131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of depression, an incapacitating psychiatric ailment, remains largely unknown, previous human and animal studies have suggested that both proinflammatory cytokines and altered oligodendrocytes play important roles in the condition. This study examined these two factors in the brains of rats following unpredictable chronic mild stress for 4 weeks, with the hypothesis that chronic stress may affect oligodendrocytes and elevate proinflammatory cytokines in the brain. After suffering unpredictable stressors for 4 weeks, the rats showed depression-like behaviors, including decreased locomotion in the open field, increased immobility time in the forced swim test, and decreased sucrose consumption and less sucrose preference when compared with controls. Immunohistochemical staining of brain sections showed higher immunoreactivity of proinflammatory cytokines in certain brain regions of stressed rats compared with controls; lower immunoreactivity of myelin basic protein and fewer mature oligodendrocytes were seen in the prefrontal cortex, but no demyelination was detected. These results are interpreted and discussed in the context of recent findings from human and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyong Gao
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Handi Zhang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeman Fang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cairu Wu
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyun Xu
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Anatomy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Haiyun Xu; Qing-Jun Huang, Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 754 8890 0728, Email ;
| | - Qing-Jun Huang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Haiyun Xu; Qing-Jun Huang, Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 754 8890 0728, Email ;
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Minagawa T, Okui T, Takahashi N, Nakajima T, Tabeta K, Murakami S, Yamazaki K. Resveratrol suppresses the inflammatory responses of human gingival epithelial cells in a SIRT1 independent manner. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:586-93. [PMID: 25312218 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In periodontitis, chronic infection by periodontopathic bacteria induces uncontrolled inflammation, which leads to periodontal tissue destruction. Human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) constitute a critical first line of defense against periodontopathic bacteria, both as a physical barrier and as regulators of inflammation. Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in grapes and red wine, reportedly has anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, we investigated the effects of resveratrol on the Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced inflammatory responses of HGECs and their mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS We stimulated the HGEC line, epi 4, with live or heat-killed P. gingivalis in the presence of resveratrol, and analyzed expressions of the interleukin-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-1β genes. We determined the involvement of SIRT1 in the effect of resveratrol using sirtinol (a SIRT1 inhibitor) or SIRT1 knockdown. We also examined whether the effects were mediated by activation of AMP-activated kinase, suppression of reactive oxygen species, or inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). RESULTS Resveratrol treatment decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines and slightly increased the expression of SIRT1. However, neither SIRT1 inhibition nor SIRT1 knockdown counteracted its anti-inflammatory effects. Although resveratrol did not affect AMP-activated kinase activation or reactive oxygen species production, it slightly suppressed NF-κB translocation when cells were stimulated with heat-killed P. gingivalis. CONCLUSION Resveratrol suppressed the inflammatory responses of P. gingivalis-stimulated HGECs, probably by inhibiting NF-κB signaling but independent of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Minagawa
- Laboratory of Periodontology and Immunology, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Okui
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - N Takahashi
- Laboratory of Periodontology and Immunology, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Nakajima
- General Dentistry and Clinical Education Unit, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - K Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - S Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Periodontology and Immunology, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Özdemir B, Shi B, Bantleon HP, Moritz A, Rausch-Fan X, Andrukhov O. Endocannabinoids and inflammatory response in periodontal ligament cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107407. [PMID: 25226300 PMCID: PMC4165771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are associated with multiple regulatory functions in several tissues. The main endocannabinoids, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), have been detected in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients, but the association between periodontal disease or human periodontal ligament cells (hPdLCs) and endocannabinoids still remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of AEA and 2-AG on the proliferation/viability and cytokine/chemokine production of hPdLCs in the presence/absence of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis LPS). The proliferation/viability of hPdLCs was measured using 3,4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT)-assay. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were examined at gene expression and protein level by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. AEA and 2-AG did not reveal any significant effects on proliferation/viability of hPdLCs in the absence of P. gingivalis LPS. However, hPdLCs viability was significantly increased by 10–20 µM AEA in the presence of P. gingivalis LPS (1 µg/ml). In the absence of P. gingivalis LPS, AEA and 2-AG did not exhibit any significant effect on the expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 expression in hPdLCs, whereas IL-6 expression was slightly enhanced by 10 µM 2-AG and not affected by AEA. In P.gingivalis LPS stimulated hPdLCs, 10 µM AEA down-regulated gene-expression and protein production of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. In contrast, 10 µM 2-AG had an opposite effect and induced a significant up-regulation of gene and protein expression of IL-6 and IL-8 (P<0.05) as well as gene-expression of MCP-1 in P. gingivalis LPS stimulated hPdLCs. Our data suggest that AEA appears to have an anti-inflammatory and immune suppressive effect on hPdLCs’ host response to P.gingivalis LPS, whereas 2-AG appears to promote detrimental inflammatory processes. In conclusion, AEA and 2-AG might play an important role in the modulation of periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Özdemir
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
- Division of Oral Biology, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (BO); (OA)
| | - Bin Shi
- Division of Oral Biology, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Oral Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hans Peter Bantleon
- Division of Orthodontics, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Division of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Prophylaxis, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Division of Oral Biology, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Orthodontics, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Division of Oral Biology, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (BO); (OA)
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Rizzo A, Misso G, Bevilacqua N, Donnarumma G, Lombardi A, Galdiero M, Caraglia M. Zoledronic acid affects the cytotoxic effects of Chlamydia pneumoniae and the modulation of cytokine production in human osteosarcoma cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Lin L, Wen SH, Guo SZ, Su XY, Wu HJ, Chong L, Zhang HL, Zhang WX, Li CC. Role of SIRT1 in Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced human β-defensin-2 and interleukin-8 expression in A549 cell. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 394:199-208. [PMID: 24894820 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important pathogen of pneumonia in human. Human alveolar epithelium acts as an effective barrier and is an active participant in host defense against invasion of bacterial by production of various mediators. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), the prototypic class III histone deacetylase, is involved in the molecular control of lifespans and immune responses. This study aimed at examining the role of SIRT1 in mediating S. pneumoniae-induced human β-defensin-2 (hBD2) and interleukin-8(IL-8) expression in the alveolar epithelial cell line A549 and the underlying mechanisms involved. A549 cells were infected with S. pneumoniae for indicated times. Exposure of A549 cells to S. pneumoniae increased the expressions of SIRT1 protein, hBD2 and IL-8 mRNA, and protein. The SIRT1 activator resveratrol enhanced S. pneumoniae-induced gene expression of hBD2 but decreased IL-8 mRNA levels. Blockade of SIRT1 activity by the SIRT1 inhibitors nicotinamide reduced S. pneumoniae-induced hBD2 mRNA expression but increased its stimulatory effects on IL-8 mRNA. S. pneumoniae-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). SIRT1 expression was attenuated by selective inhibitors of ERK and p38 MAPK. The hBD2 mRNA production was decreased by pretreatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor but not with ERK inhibitor, whereas the IL-8 mRNA expression was controlled by phosphorylation of ERK. These results suggest that SIRT1 mediates the induction of hBD2 and IL-8 gene expression levels in A549 cell by S. pneumoniae. SIRT1 may play a key role in host immune and defense response in A549.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 West Xueyuan Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Paoletti I, Fusco A, Grimaldi E, Perillo L, Coretti L, Di Domenico M, Cozza V, Contaldo M, Serpico R, Guida A, Donnarumma G. Assessment of host defence mechanisms induced by Candida species. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2014; 26:663-72. [PMID: 24067462 DOI: 10.1177/039463201302600309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Some species of Candida are opportunistic pathogens that can cause disease in a host immunocompromised by underlying local or systemic pathological processes. C. albicans is the species most often associated with oral lesions, but other species of Candida, including C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis, have also been isolated in the saliva of subjects with and without candidiasis. In the present study we evaluated the host defence mechanisms induced by Candida albicans and other Candida species in monocytes and oral epithelial cells in order to establish the existence of a species-specific cellular response. Our results indicated that, during Candida species infection, the epithelial cells actively participate in the host defence by producing antimicrobial peptides and proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, in infections caused by Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata, the host defence may be strengthened by the release of perforin and granzyme by polymorphonuclear leukocytes recruited at the site of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Paoletti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology Section, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Liang L, Yu J, Zhou W, Liu N, E LL, Wang DS, Liu H. Endothelin-1 stimulates proinflammatory cytokine expression in human periodontal ligament cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. J Periodontol 2013; 85:618-26. [PMID: 23701479 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a 21-amino acid peptide with multifunctional regulation. Initial research indicated that ET-1 is related to the inflammatory pathogenesis of periodontitis and involved in the regulation of cytokines, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. The primary aim of this study is to investigate how ET-1 affects proinflammatory cytokine expression in human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. METHODS hPDL cells were obtained from both healthy (H)- and periodontitis (P)-affected periodontal tissues. H-hPDL and P-hPDL cells were treated with ET-1 (1, 10, and 100 nM) for 12, 24, and 48 hours. The untreated cells served as a control. To confirm the specificity of the ET-1 effects, 100 nM of the specific endothelin A (ETA) receptor antagonist BQ123 and 100 nM of the specific ETB receptor antagonist BQ788, as negative control, were used. To examine the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in ET-1-mediated cytokine expression, H-hPDL and P-hPDL cells were pretreated with specific inhibitors for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) (PD98059), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SP600125), and p38 kinase (SB203580) for 1 hour before 100 nM ET-1 stimulation. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULTS ET-1 dose- and time-dependently induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by H-hPDL and P-hPDL cells at both mRNA and protein levels. However, ETA and ETB receptor antagonists inhibited the stimulatory effects of ET-1 on inflammatory cytokine expression in H-hPDL and P-hPDL cells. Furthermore, inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) significantly reduced ET-1-stimulated TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression in H-hPDL and P-hPDL cells. CONCLUSION ET-1 may be involved in the inflammatory process of periodontitis, at least in part, by stimulating proinflammatory cytokine production via the MAPK pathway in hPDL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Cugini C, Klepac-Ceraj V, Rackaityte E, Riggs JE, Davey ME. Porphyromonas gingivalis: keeping the pathos out of the biont. J Oral Microbiol 2013; 5:19804. [PMID: 23565326 PMCID: PMC3617648 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary goal of the human microbiome initiative has been to increase our understanding of the structure and function of our indigenous microbiota and their effects on human health and predisposition to disease. Because of its clinical importance and accessibility for in vivo study, the oral biofilm is one of the best-understood microbial communities associated with the human body. Studies have shown that there is a succession of select microbial interactions that directs the maturation of a defined community structure, generating the formation of dental plaque. Although the initiating factors that lead to disease development are not clearly defined, in many individuals there is a fundamental shift from a health-associated biofilm community to one that is pathogenic in nature and a central player in the pathogenic potential of this community is the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis. This anaerobic bacterium is a natural member of the oral microbiome, yet it can become highly destructive (termed pathobiont) and proliferate to high cell numbers in periodontal lesions, which is attributed to its arsenal of specialized virulence factors. Hence, this organism is regarded as a primary etiologic agent of periodontal disease progression. In this review, we summarize some of the latest information regarding what is known about its role in periodontitis, including pathogenic potential as well as ecological and nutritional parameters that may shift this commensal to a virulent state. We also discuss parallels between the development of pathogenic biofilms and the human cellular communities that lead to cancer, specifically we frame our viewpoint in the context of 'wounds that fail to heal'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cugini
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA ; Department of Oral Medicine Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Casati MZ, Algayer C, Cardoso da Cruz G, Ribeiro FV, Casarin RCV, Pimentel SP, Cirano FR. Resveratrol decreases periodontal breakdown and modulates local levels of cytokines during periodontitis in rats. J Periodontol 2013; 84:e58-64. [PMID: 23489233 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.120746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) is a naturally occurring product found in numerous plants. Among its biologic properties, resveratrol may promote immunomodulatory effects on the host response. This study investigates the effect of continuous administration of resveratrol on the progression of experimental periodontitis in rats. METHODS Periodontitis was induced in rats in one of the first molars chosen to receive a ligature. Animals were assigned to one of two groups: 1) daily administration of the placebo solution (control group) or 2) 10 mg/kg resveratrol (RESV group). The therapies were administered systemically for 30 days: for 19 days before periodontitis induction and then for another 11 days. Then, the specimens were processed for morphometric analysis of bone loss, and the gingival tissue surrounding the first molar was collected for quantification of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, and IL-17 using a multiplexing assay. RESULTS Intergroup comparisons of the morphometric outcomes revealed higher bone loss values in ligated molars and unligated teeth in the control group than the RESV group (P <0.05). The immunoenzymatic assay of the gingival tissue showed a lower concentration of IL-17 in the RESV group than the control group (P <0.05), whereas no differences in the IL-1β and IL-4 levels of the groups were observed (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS Continuous administration of resveratrol may decrease periodontal breakdown induced experimentally in rats. In addition, lower levels of IL-17 were found in the RESV group. Future studies are important to confirm the mechanism through which resveratrol exerts its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Z Casati
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Paulista University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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