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Shrestha S, Hong CW. Extracellular Mechanisms of Neutrophils in Immune Cell Crosstalk. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e38. [PMID: 37970234 PMCID: PMC10643328 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are professional phagocytes that provide defense against invading pathogens through phagocytosis, degranulation, generation of ROS, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Although long been considered as short-lived effector cells with limited biosynthetic activity, recent studies have revealed that neutrophils actively communicate with other immune cells. Neutrophils employ various types of soluble mediators, including granules, cytokines, and chemokines, for crosstalk with immune cells. Additionally, ROS and NETs, major arsenals of neutrophils, are utilized for intercellular communication. Furthermore, extracellular vesicles play a crucial role as mediators of neutrophil crosstalk. In this review, we highlight the extracellular mechanisms of neutrophils and their roles in crosstalk with other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeeb Shrestha
- Department of Physiology, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Chang-Won Hong
- Department of Physiology, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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2
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Balendran T, Lim K, Hamilton JA, Achuthan AA. Targeting transcription factors for therapeutic benefit in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1196931. [PMID: 37457726 PMCID: PMC10339812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a destructive inflammatory autoimmune disease that causes pain and disability. Many of the currently available drugs for treating RA patients are aimed at halting the progression of the disease and alleviating inflammation. Further, some of these treatment options have drawbacks, including disease recurrence and adverse effects due to long-term use. These inefficiencies have created a need for a different approach to treating RA. Recently, the focus has shifted to direct targeting of transcription factors (TFs), as they play a vital role in the pathogenesis of RA, activating key cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and enzymes. In light of this, synthetic drugs and natural compounds are being explored to target key TFs or their signaling pathways in RA. This review discusses the role of four key TFs in inflammation, namely NF-κB, STATs, AP-1 and IRFs, and their potential for being targeted to treat RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thivya Balendran
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Keith Lim
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - John A. Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrian A. Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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3
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Role of Defensins in Tumor Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065268. [PMID: 36982340 PMCID: PMC10049535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Defensins have long been considered as merely antimicrobial peptides. Throughout the years, more immune-related functions have been discovered for both the α-defensin and β-defensin subfamily. This review provides insights into the role of defensins in tumor immunity. Since defensins are present and differentially expressed in certain cancer types, researchers started to unravel their role in the tumor microenvironment. The human neutrophil peptides have been demonstrated to be directly oncolytic by permealizing the cell membrane. Further, defensins can inflict DNA damage and induce apoptosis of tumor cells. In the tumor microenvironment, defensins can act as chemoattractants for subsets of immune cells, such as T cells, immature dendritic cells, monocytes and mast cells. Additionally, by activating the targeted leukocytes, defensins generate pro-inflammatory signals. Moreover, immuno-adjuvant effects have been reported in a variety of models. Therefore, the action of defensins reaches beyond their direct antimicrobial effect, i.e., the lysis of microbes invading the mucosal surfaces. By causing an increase in pro-inflammatory signaling events, cell lysis (generating antigens) and attraction and activation of antigen presenting cells, defensins could have a relevant role in activating the adaptive immune system and generating anti-tumor immunity, and could thus contribute to the success of immune therapy.
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4
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Yang M, Liu S, Zhang C. Antimicrobial peptides with antiviral and anticancer properties and their modification and nanodelivery systems. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2023.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
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5
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Single-cell sortChIC identifies hierarchical chromatin dynamics during hematopoiesis. Nat Genet 2023; 55:333-345. [PMID: 36539617 PMCID: PMC9925381 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational histone modifications modulate chromatin activity to affect gene expression. How chromatin states underlie lineage choice in single cells is relatively unexplored. We develop sort-assisted single-cell chromatin immunocleavage (sortChIC) and map active (H3K4me1 and H3K4me3) and repressive (H3K27me3 and H3K9me3) histone modifications in the mouse bone marrow. During differentiation, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) acquire active chromatin states mediated by cell-type-specifying transcription factors, which are unique for each lineage. By contrast, most alterations in repressive marks during differentiation occur independent of the final cell type. Chromatin trajectory analysis shows that lineage choice at the chromatin level occurs at the progenitor stage. Joint profiling of H3K4me1 and H3K9me3 demonstrates that cell types within the myeloid lineage have distinct active chromatin but share similar myeloid-specific heterochromatin states. This implies a hierarchical regulation of chromatin during hematopoiesis: heterochromatin dynamics distinguish differentiation trajectories and lineages, while euchromatin dynamics reflect cell types within lineages.
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6
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Decreased leukocyte exhaustion is associated with decreased IFN-β and increased α-defensin-1 levels in type-2 diabetes. Cytokine 2022; 156:155918. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Adenovirus-α-defensin complexes induce NLRP3-associated maturation of human phagocytes via TLR4 engagement. J Virol 2022; 96:e0185021. [PMID: 35080426 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01850-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular delivery of human adenovirus (HAdV)-based vaccines leads to rapid recruitment of neutrophils, which then release antimicrobial peptides/proteins (AMPs). How these AMPs influence vaccine efficacy over the subsequent 24 h is poorly understood. In this study, we asked if human neutrophil protein 1 (HNP-1), an α-defensin that influences the direct and indirect innate immune responses to a range of pathogens, impacts the response of human phagocytes to three HAdV species/types (HAdV-C5, -D26, -B35). We show that HNP-1 binds to the capsids, redirects HAdV-C5, -D26, -B35 to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which leads to internalization, an NLRP3-mediated inflammasome response, and IL-1β release. Surprisingly, IL-1β release was not associated with notable disruption of plasma membrane integrity. These data further our understanding of HAdV vaccine immunogenicity and may provide pathways to extend the efficacy. Importance This study examines the interactions between danger-associated molecular patterns and human adenoviruses and its impact on vaccines. HAdVs and HNP-1 can interact, these interactions will modify the response of antigen-presenting cells., which will influence vaccine efficacy.
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8
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Li X, Hu Q, Lin Q, Luo J, Xu J, Chen L, Xu L, Lin X. Inhibition of Candida albicans in vivo and in vitro by antimicrobial peptides chromogranin A-N12 through microRNA-155/suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:2513-2524. [PMID: 35034584 PMCID: PMC8973978 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2017680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have proven to inhibit a variety of pathogens. Chromogranin A-N12 (CGA-N12) is a kind of AMP, and it is characterized by stable structure, high anti-Candida activity, and good safety. However, it remains unclear whether CGA-N12 could effectively inhibit the growth of Candida albicans (C. albicans). Colony forming assays were used to measure minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC), and time-kill curve. Disseminated C. albicans rabbit model was established to investigate the influence of CGA-N12 on histological damage. The protein and mRNA levels of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) after treatment were investigated. The MIC and MFC of CGA-N12 against C. albicans was 6 mg/mL. CGA-N12 considerably inhibited germ tube formation of C. albicans. The fungal load in the tissues and inflammatory factors in the serum were suppressed by CGA-N12. CGA-N12 significantly reduced the histological changes caused by C. albicans, and the protein and mRNA levels of SOCS1 were markedly inhibited. The inhibition effect of CGA-N12 on C. albicans and significant improvement of histological damage by CGA-N12 through microRNA-155/SOCS1 axis were proved in this study. This study proposes a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment and prevention of C. albicans. Abbreviations: AMPs: Antimicrobial peptides; MIC: Minimal inhibitory concentration; MFC: Minimal fungicidal concentration; AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; PBS: Phosphate buffer saline; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; CFU: Colony formation unit; CGA: Chromogranin A; SOCS1: Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1; SDA: Sabouraud Dextrose Agar; GRAVY: Grand average of hydropathicity; C. parapsilosis: Candida parapsilosis; C. albicans: Candida albicans
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qun Hu
- Department of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Xiang'an Hospital of Xia Men University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiong Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianxiong Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Junping Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lifang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liyu Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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9
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Abstract
Many of us had refresher courses in virology, immunology, and epidemiology in 2020, and we were reminded of the fact that Homo sapiens, the wiliest predator on the planet, has been hunting everything that moves for millennia. These repeated interspecies contacts inherently lead to recurrent zoonosis (nonhuman to human) and anthroponosis (human to nonhuman). Given the accelerating changes in our ecosystems since the neolithic revolution, it was not surprising to see a virus that spreads via aerosolization and liquid droplets cause a pandemic in a few months. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic begs the question—which viruses could cause a global threat? In this Opinion, the characteristics that make adenoviruses a risk, which include efficient intra- and interspecies transmission, thermostable particles, persistent/latent infections in diverse hosts, and the ability to readily recombine and escape herd immunity, are discussed.
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10
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Cross-Talk among Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils, Immune, and Non-Immune Cells via Released Cytokines, Granule Proteins, Microvesicles, and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation: A Novel Concept of Biology and Pathobiology for Neutrophils. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063119. [PMID: 33803773 PMCID: PMC8003289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are traditionally regarded as professional phagocytic and acute inflammatory cells that engulf the microbial pathogens. However, accumulating data have suggested that PMNs are multi-potential cells exhibiting many important biological functions in addition to phagocytosis. These newly found novel activities of PMN include production of different kinds of cytokines/chemokines/growth factors, release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET)/ectosomes/exosomes and trogocytosis (membrane exchange) with neighboring cells for modulating innate, and adaptive immune responses. Besides, PMNs exhibit potential heterogeneity and plasticity in involving antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), cancer immunity, autoimmunity, inflammatory rheumatic diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Interestingly, PMNs may also play a role in ameliorating inflammatory reaction and wound healing by a subset of PMN myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC). Furthermore, PMNs can interact with other non-immune cells including platelets, epithelial and endothelial cells to link hemostasis, mucosal inflammation, and atherogenesis. The release of low-density granulocytes (LDG) from bone marrow initiates systemic autoimmune reaction in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In clinical application, identification of certain PMN phenotypes may become prognostic factors for severe traumatic patients. In the present review, we will discuss these newly discovered biological and pathobiological functions of the PMNs.
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11
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Orchestration of Adaptive T Cell Responses by Neutrophil Granule Contents. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:8968943. [PMID: 30983883 PMCID: PMC6431490 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8968943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in peripheral blood and respond rapidly to danger, infiltrating tissues within minutes of infectious or sterile injury. Neutrophils were long thought of as simple killers, but now we recognise them as responsive cells able to adapt to inflammation and orchestrate subsequent events with some sophistication. Here, we discuss how these rapid responders release mediators which influence later adaptive T cell immunity through influences on DC priming and directly on the T cells themselves. We consider how the release of granule contents by neutrophils—through NETosis or degranulation—is one way in which the innate immune system directs the phenotype of the adaptive immune response.
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12
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Zhou Y, Lei Y, Cao Z, Chen X, Sun Y, Xu Y, Guo W, Wang S, Liu C. A β-defensin gene of Trachinotus ovatus might be involved in the antimicrobial and antiviral immune response. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:105-115. [PMID: 30448509 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Defensins are a group of small cationic and cysteine-rich peptides that are important components of the innate immune system. However, studies on defensins in teleosts are very limited, particularly studies on defensin functions through in vivo assays. In this study, we cloned and identified one β-defensin (TroBD) the golden pompano, Trachinotus ovatus, and analyzed the functions of TroBD in both in vivo and in vitro assays. TroBD is composed of 63 amino acids and shares high sequence identities (27.27-98.41%) with known β-defensins of other teleosts. The protein has a signature motif of six conserved cysteine residues within the mature peptide. The expression of TroBD was most abundant in the head kidney and spleen and was significantly upregulated following infection by Vibrio harveyi and viral nervous necrosis virus (VNNV). Purified recombinant TroBD (rTroBD) inhibited the growth of V. harveyi, and its antimicrobial activity was influenced by salt concentration. TroBD was found to have a chemotactic effect on macrophages in vitro. The results of an in vivo study demonstrated that TroBD overexpression/knockdown in T. ovatus significantly reduced/increased bacterial colonization or viral copy numbers in tissues. Taken together, these results indicate that TroBD plays a significant role in both antibacterial and antiviral immunity and provide new avenues for protection against pathogen infection in the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Yang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Zhenjie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Yun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, PR China.
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Weiliang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, PR China
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13
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Taute H, Bester MJ, Gaspar ARM. The dual functionality of antimicrobial peptides Os and Os-C in human leukocytes. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3156. [PMID: 30740816 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), Os and Os-C, have been identified as multifunctional peptides with antibacterial, antiendotoxin, and anti-inflammatory properties. For further development of Os and Os-C as therapeutic peptides, it is essential to evaluate these effects in human mononuclear (MN) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes. The cytotoxicity and the effects of both peptides on MN and PMN morphology were determined with the Alamar-Blue assay and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The ability of Os and Os-C to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to protect against 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-induced oxidative damage in both cell populations was evaluated using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA). Using fluorescently labeled peptides, the ability of the peptides to cross the cell membranes of MN and PMN was also evaluated. At the minimum bactericidal concentrations of Os and Os-C, neither peptide was cytotoxic. Os caused morphological features of toxicity at 100 μM, entered MN cells, and also protected these cells against oxidative damage. Os-C caused MN and PMN leukocyte activation associated with ROS formation and was unable to penetrate cell membranes, indicating extracellular membrane interactions. This study confirms that both Os and Os-C at less than 100 μM are not cytotoxic. The MN-specific uptake of Os identifies it as a cell-specific cargo-carrier peptide, with additional anti-inflammatory properties. In contrast, the ability of Os-C to activate MN and PMN cells implies that this peptide should be further evaluated as an AMP, which, in addition to its ability to eradicate infection, can further enhance host immunity. These novel characteristics of Os and Os-C indicate that these AMPs as peptides can be further developed for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Taute
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Megan J Bester
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Anabella R M Gaspar
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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14
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Carmona-Sáez P, Varela N, Luque MJ, Toro-Domínguez D, Martorell-Marugan J, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Marañón C. Metagene projection characterizes GEN2.2 and CAL-1 as relevant human plasmacytoid dendritic cell models. Bioinformatics 2018; 33:3691-3695. [PMID: 28961902 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) play a major role in the regulation of adaptive and innate immunity. Human pDC are difficult to isolate from peripheral blood and do not survive in culture making the study of their biology challenging. Recently, two leukemic counterparts of pDC, CAL-1 and GEN2.2, have been proposed as representative models of human pDC. Nevertheless, their relationship with pDC has been established only by means of particular functional and phenotypic similarities. With the aim of characterizing GEN2.2 and CAL-1 in the context of the main circulating immune cell populations we have performed microarray gene expression profiling of GEN2.2 and carried out an integrated analysis using publicly available gene expression datasets of CAL-1 and the main circulating primary leukocyte lineages. Results Our results show that GEN2.2 and CAL-1 share common gene expression programs with primary pDC, clustering apart from the rest of circulating hematopoietic lineages. We have also identified common differentially expressed genes that can be relevant in pDC biology. In addition, we have revealed the common and differential pathways activated in primary pDC and cell lines upon CpG stimulatio. Availability and implementation R code and data are available in the supplementary material. Contact pedro.carmona@genyo.es or concepcion.maranon@genyo.es. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nieves Varela
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - María José Luque
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Toro-Domínguez
- Bioinformatics Unit.,Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS 18016, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS 18016, Granada, Spain.,Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Concepción Marañón
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS 18016, Granada, Spain
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15
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Abstract
More than a decade has passed since the conceptualization of the "alarmin" hypothesis. The alarmin family has been expanding in terms of both number and the concept. It has recently become clear that alarmins play important roles as initiators and participants in a diverse range of physiological and pathophysiological processes such as host defense, regulation of gene expression, cellular homeostasis, wound healing, inflammation, allergy, autoimmunity, and oncogenesis. Here, we provide a general view on the participation of alarmins in the induction of innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as their contribution to tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Yang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Zhen Han
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Joost J Oppenheim
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
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16
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Qiu S, He P, Fang X, Tong H, Lv J, Liu J, Zhang L, Zhai X, Wang L, Hu Z, Yu Y. Significant transcriptome and cytokine changes in hepatitis B vaccine non-responders revealed by genome-wide comparative analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:1763-1772. [PMID: 29580160 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1450122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals fail to elicit protective antibody after hepatitis B vaccination remain at risk for hepatitis B virus infection. Analysis of the transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is essential to elucidate the characteristics of gene expression in non-responders. In this study, we enrolled seven responders who had received three injections and seven non-responders who had six injections of hepatitis B vaccine before. All the participants were then vaccinated with a three-dose boost regimen. Microarray analysis and Luminex assay were applied to examine mRNA expression and Th1/Th2/Th9/Th17/Th22/Treg cytokine and chemokine profiles in non-responders and responders. Differentially expressed genes in PBMCs of non-responders at 5 time points, i.e. pre-vaccination, 3rd, 7th, 28th day post the first dose vaccination and 7th day post the second dose vaccination indicated a dense network trend. Compared with responders, nine coding genes (BPI, DEFA1B, DEFA4, CEACAM8, MMP8, FOLR3, LTF, TCN1 and TKTL1) were significantly up-regulated in non-responders at all 5 time points, which could probably be the characteristic genes in hepatitis B vaccine non-responsiveness. Gene ontology analysis revealed that most of the DEGs were related with immune responses. Validation results of these 9 genes using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were mostly consistent with the results of microarray. Cytokine analysis demonstrated that IL-27 and CXCL12 concentrations in responders were significantly higher than non-responders on the 3rd day after the first dose and 7th day after the second dose of vaccination, respectively. No significant difference was observed in other cytokine and chemokine signatures between the two groups. In conclusion, our results revealed characteristic transcriptome and cytokine changes in hepatitis B vaccine non-responders after boost immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Qiu
- a Department of Immunology , College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun , China.,b Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Peng He
- b Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Xin Fang
- b Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Haiqing Tong
- b Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Jingjing Lv
- c Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , China
| | - Jiaye Liu
- c Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , China
| | - Li Zhang
- c Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , China
| | - Xiangjun Zhai
- d Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Nanjing , China
| | - Liying Wang
- e Department of Molecular Biology , College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Zhongyu Hu
- b Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Yongli Yu
- a Department of Immunology , College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun , China
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17
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Fruitwala S, El-Naccache DW, Chang TL. Multifaceted immune functions of human defensins and underlying mechanisms. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 88:163-172. [PMID: 29501617 PMCID: PMC6485945 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Defensins have been long recognized as natural antimicrobial peptides, but they also possess diverse and versatile immune functions. Defensins can both induce inflammation and suppress inflammatory responses by acting on specific cells through distinct mechanisms. Defensins can also modulate the immune response by forming a complex with cellular molecules including proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. The mechanisms of defensin-mediated immune modulation appear to be cell-type and context specific. Because the levels of human defensins are often altered in response to infection or disease states, suggesting their clinical relevance, this review summarizes the complex immune functions of human defensins and their underlying mechanisms of action, which have implications for the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saahil Fruitwala
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Darine W El-Naccache
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Theresa L Chang
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
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18
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Jiang H, Hu Y, Wei X, Xiao X, Jakovlić I, Liu X, Su J, Yuan G. Chemotactic effect of β-defensin 1 on macrophages in Megalobrama amblycephala. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:35-42. [PMID: 29246811 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Besides their function as a physical barrier against pathogens, β-defensins possess the ability to induce direct or indirect chemotaxis in leukocytes of mammals. However little is known about the ability of defensins to guide the migration of macrophages in fish. The objective of our study was to investigate whether β-defensin 1 (maBD1) can recruit leukocytes (specifically macrophages) in vivo and in vitro in a farmed cyprinid fish Megalobrama amblycephala. The M. amblycephala β-defensin 1 (maBD1) gene was amplified from the head-kidney transcriptome. Synthetic maBD1 polypeptide (as well as its N-terminus half, but not the C-terminus half) was capable of inducing the migration of leukocytes (specifically macrophages) at concentrations from 26.0 μg/mL to 52.0 μg/mL in head kidney tissue in vitro. When injected intraperitoneally in vivo, the number of leukocytes in the peritoneal cavity was in positive correlation with the maBD1 concentration. maBD1 also induced the expression of two proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta and TNF-alpha) in spleen, head and body kidney, and hepatopancreas. These results strongly indicate that BD1 has a chemoattractant capacity for macrophages, as well as the ability to modulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Jiang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, China
| | - Yazhen Hu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, China
| | - Xiaolei Wei
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, China
| | - Xun Xiao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, China
| | - Ivan Jakovlić
- Bio-Transduction Lab, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, China
| | - Gailing Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, China.
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19
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Liu WJ, Song XR, Zuo BL, Wang XW. Construction of an Ec-LDP-D5 fusion protein that targets human epidermal growth factor receptor and its anti-pancreatic cancer activity. PRECISION RADIATION ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pro6.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-juan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute; Jinan China
| | - Xian-rang Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute; Jinan China
| | - Bin-li Zuo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute; Jinan China
| | - Xing-wu Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute; Jinan China
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