1
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Alonso-Herranz L, Albarrán-Juárez J, Bentzon JF. Mechanisms of fibrous cap formation in atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1254114. [PMID: 37671141 PMCID: PMC10475556 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1254114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The fibrous cap is formed by smooth muscle cells that accumulate beneath the plaque endothelium. Cap rupture is the main cause of coronary thrombosis, leading to infarction and sudden cardiac death. Therefore, the qualities of the cap are primary determinants of the clinical outcome of coronary and carotid atherosclerosis. In this mini-review, we discuss current knowledge about the formation of the fibrous cap, including cell recruitment, clonal expansion, and central molecular signaling pathways. We also examine the differences between mouse and human fibrous caps and explore the impact of anti-atherosclerotic therapies on the state of the fibrous cap. We propose that the cap should be understood as a neo-media to substitute for the original media that becomes separated from the surface endothelium during atherogenesis and that embryonic pathways involved in the development of the arteria media contribute to cap formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alonso-Herranz
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julián Albarrán-Juárez
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob Fog Bentzon
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus and Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Worssam MD, Lambert J, Oc S, Taylor JCK, Taylor AL, Dobnikar L, Chappell J, Harman JL, Figg NL, Finigan A, Foote K, Uryga AK, Bennett MR, Spivakov M, Jørgensen HF. Cellular mechanisms of oligoclonal vascular smooth muscle cell expansion in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1279-1294. [PMID: 35994249 PMCID: PMC10202649 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Quiescent, differentiated adult vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can be induced to proliferate and switch phenotype. Such plasticity underlies blood vessel homeostasis and contributes to vascular disease development. Oligoclonal VSMC contribution is a hallmark of end-stage vascular disease. Here, we aim to understand cellular mechanisms underpinning generation of this VSMC oligoclonality. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigate the dynamics of VSMC clone formation using confocal microscopy and single-cell transcriptomics in VSMC-lineage-traced animal models. We find that activation of medial VSMC proliferation occurs at low frequency after vascular injury and that only a subset of expanding clones migrate, which together drives formation of oligoclonal neointimal lesions. VSMC contribution in small atherosclerotic lesions is typically from one or two clones, similar to observations in mature lesions. Low frequency (<0.1%) of clonal VSMC proliferation is also observed in vitro. Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed progressive cell state changes across a contiguous VSMC population at onset of injury-induced proliferation. Proliferating VSMCs mapped selectively to one of two distinct trajectories and were associated with cells showing extensive phenotypic switching. A proliferation-associated transitory state shared pronounced similarities with atypical SCA1+ VSMCs from uninjured mouse arteries and VSMCs in healthy human aorta. We show functionally that clonal expansion of SCA1+ VSMCs from healthy arteries occurs at higher rate and frequency compared with SCA1- cells. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that activation of proliferation at low frequency is a general, cell-intrinsic feature of VSMCs. We show that rare VSMCs in healthy arteries display VSMC phenotypic switching akin to that observed in pathological vessel remodelling and that this is a conserved feature of mouse and human healthy arteries. The increased proliferation of modulated VSMCs from healthy arteries suggests that these cells respond more readily to disease-inducing cues and could drive oligoclonal VSMC expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt D Worssam
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Jordi Lambert
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Sebnem Oc
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - James C K Taylor
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Annabel L Taylor
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Lina Dobnikar
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
- Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joel Chappell
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Jennifer L Harman
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Nichola L Figg
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Alison Finigan
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Kirsty Foote
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Anna K Uryga
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Martin R Bennett
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Mikhail Spivakov
- Functional Gene Control Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Helle F Jørgensen
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
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3
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Crnkovic S, Rittchen S, Jandl K, Gindlhuber J, Zabini D, Mutgan AC, Valzano F, Boehm PM, Hoetzenecker K, Toller W, Veith C, Heinemann A, Schermuly RT, Olschewski A, Marsh LM, Kwapiszewska G. Divergent Roles of Ephrin-B2/EphB4 Guidance System in Pulmonary Hypertension. Hypertension 2023; 80:e17-e28. [PMID: 36519465 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smooth muscle cell (SMC) expansion is one key morphological hallmark of pathologically altered vasculature and a characteristic feature of pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. Normal embryonal vessel maturation requires successful coverage of endothelial tubes with SMC, which is dependent on ephrin-B2 and EphB4 ligand-receptor guidance system. In this study, we investigated the potential role of ephrin-B2 and EphB4 on neomuscularization in adult pulmonary vascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Ephrin-B2 and EphB4 expression is preserved in smooth muscle and endothelial cells of remodeled pulmonary arteries. Chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension was not ameliorated in mice with SMC-specific conditional ephrin-B2 knockout. In mice with global inducible ephrin-B2 knockout, pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy upon chronic hypoxia exposure were significantly diminished compared to hypoxic controls, while right ventricular systolic pressure was unaffected. In contrast, EphB4 receptor kinase activity inhibition reduced right ventricular systolic pressure in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension without affecting pulmonary vascular remodeling. Genetic deletion of ephrin-B2 in murine pulmonary artery SMC, and pharmacological inhibition of EphB4 in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, blunted mitogen-induced cell proliferation. Loss of EphB4 signaling additionally reduced RhoA expression and weakened the interaction between human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in a three-dimensional coculture model. CONCLUSIONS In sum, pulmonary vascular remodeling was dependent on ephrin-B2-induced Eph receptor (erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor) forward signaling in SMC, while EphB4 receptor activity was necessary for RhoA expression in SMC, interaction with endothelial cells and vasoconstrictive components of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slaven Crnkovic
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (S.C., D.Z., A.C.M., L.M.M., G.K.).,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria (S.C., S.R., K.J., J.G., D.Z., A.C.M., F.V., A.O., L.M.M., G.K.)
| | - Sonja Rittchen
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (S.R., K.J., A.H.).,Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (S.R.).,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria (S.C., S.R., K.J., J.G., D.Z., A.C.M., F.V., A.O., L.M.M., G.K.)
| | - Katharina Jandl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (S.R., K.J., A.H.).,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria (S.C., S.R., K.J., J.G., D.Z., A.C.M., F.V., A.O., L.M.M., G.K.)
| | - Juergen Gindlhuber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria (S.C., S.R., K.J., J.G., D.Z., A.C.M., F.V., A.O., L.M.M., G.K.).,Department of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (J.G.)
| | - Diana Zabini
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (S.C., D.Z., A.C.M., L.M.M., G.K.).,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria (S.C., S.R., K.J., J.G., D.Z., A.C.M., F.V., A.O., L.M.M., G.K.)
| | - Ayse Ceren Mutgan
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (S.C., D.Z., A.C.M., L.M.M., G.K.).,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria (S.C., S.R., K.J., J.G., D.Z., A.C.M., F.V., A.O., L.M.M., G.K.)
| | - Francesco Valzano
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria (S.C., S.R., K.J., J.G., D.Z., A.C.M., F.V., A.O., L.M.M., G.K.)
| | - Panja M Boehm
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (P.M.B., K.H.)
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (P.M.B., K.H.)
| | - Wolfgang Toller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria (W.T., A.O.)
| | - Christine Veith
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Germany (C.V.).,Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Germany (C.V., R.T.S.)
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (S.R., K.J., A.H.)
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Germany (C.V., R.T.S.)
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria (S.C., S.R., K.J., J.G., D.Z., A.C.M., F.V., A.O., L.M.M., G.K.).,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria (W.T., A.O.)
| | - Leigh M Marsh
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (S.C., D.Z., A.C.M., L.M.M., G.K.).,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria (S.C., S.R., K.J., J.G., D.Z., A.C.M., F.V., A.O., L.M.M., G.K.)
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (S.C., D.Z., A.C.M., L.M.M., G.K.).,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria (S.C., S.R., K.J., J.G., D.Z., A.C.M., F.V., A.O., L.M.M., G.K.).,Institute for Lung Health, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Giessen, Germany (G.K.)
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4
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Kabir I, Zhang X, Dave JM, Chakraborty R, Qu R, Chandran RR, Ntokou A, Gallardo-Vara E, Aryal B, Rotllan N, Garcia-Milian R, Hwa J, Kluger Y, Martin KA, Fernández-Hernando C, Greif DM. The age of bone marrow dictates the clonality of smooth muscle-derived cells in atherosclerotic plaques. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:64-81. [PMID: 36743663 PMCID: PMC9894379 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the predominant risk factor for atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death. Rare smooth muscle cell (SMC) progenitors clonally expand giving rise to up to ~70% of atherosclerotic plaque cells; however, the effect of age on SMC clonality is not known. Our results indicate that aged bone marrow (BM)-derived cells non-cell autonomously induce SMC polyclonality and worsen atherosclerosis. Indeed, in myeloid cells from aged mice and humans, TET2 levels are reduced which epigenetically silences integrin β3 resulting in increased tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α signaling. TNFα signals through TNF receptor 1 on SMCs to promote proliferation and induces recruitment and expansion of multiple SMC progenitors into the atherosclerotic plaque. Notably, integrin β3 overexpression in aged BM preserves dominance of the lineage of a single SMC progenitor and attenuates plaque burden. Our results demonstrate a molecular mechanism of aged macrophage-induced SMC polyclonality and atherogenesis and suggest novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inamul Kabir
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: or , 203-737-2040 (phone), 203-737-6118 (FAX)
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jui M. Dave
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Raja Chakraborty
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Rihao Qu
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Rachana R. Chandran
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Aglaia Ntokou
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Eunate Gallardo-Vara
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Binod Aryal
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Rolando Garcia-Milian
- Department of Bioinformatics Support Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Yuval Kluger
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Martin
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Daniel M. Greif
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: or , 203-737-2040 (phone), 203-737-6118 (FAX)
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5
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Sountoulidis A, Marco Salas S, Braun E, Avenel C, Bergenstråhle J, Theelke J, Vicari M, Czarnewski P, Liontos A, Abalo X, Andrusivová Ž, Mirzazadeh R, Asp M, Li X, Hu L, Sariyar S, Martinez Casals A, Ayoglu B, Firsova A, Michaëlsson J, Lundberg E, Wählby C, Sundström E, Linnarsson S, Lundeberg J, Nilsson M, Samakovlis C. A topographic atlas defines developmental origins of cell heterogeneity in the human embryonic lung. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:351-365. [PMID: 36646791 PMCID: PMC9928586 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The lung contains numerous specialized cell types with distinct roles in tissue function and integrity. To clarify the origins and mechanisms generating cell heterogeneity, we created a comprehensive topographic atlas of early human lung development. Here we report 83 cell states and several spatially resolved developmental trajectories and predict cell interactions within defined tissue niches. We integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and spatially resolved transcriptomics into a web-based, open platform for interactive exploration. We show distinct gene expression programmes, accompanying sequential events of cell differentiation and maturation of the secretory and neuroendocrine cell types in proximal epithelium. We define the origin of airway fibroblasts associated with airway smooth muscle in bronchovascular bundles and describe a trajectory of Schwann cell progenitors to intrinsic parasympathetic neurons controlling bronchoconstriction. Our atlas provides a rich resource for further research and a reference for defining deviations from homeostatic and repair mechanisms leading to pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Sountoulidis
- grid.452834.c0000 0004 5911 2402Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden ,grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergio Marco Salas
- grid.452834.c0000 0004 5911 2402Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden ,grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emelie Braun
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christophe Avenel
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ,grid.452834.c0000 0004 5911 2402BioImage Informatics Facility, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab, Sweden
| | - Joseph Bergenstråhle
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Theelke
- grid.452834.c0000 0004 5911 2402Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden ,grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Vicari
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo Czarnewski
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Liontos
- grid.452834.c0000 0004 5911 2402Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden ,grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xesus Abalo
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Žaneta Andrusivová
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reza Mirzazadeh
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michaela Asp
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaofei Li
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lijuan Hu
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanem Sariyar
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Martinez Casals
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Burcu Ayoglu
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Firsova
- grid.452834.c0000 0004 5911 2402Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden ,grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob Michaëlsson
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Lundberg
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina Wählby
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ,grid.452834.c0000 0004 5911 2402BioImage Informatics Facility, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab, Sweden
| | - Erik Sundström
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Lundeberg
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Nilsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden. .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christos Samakovlis
- Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden. .,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Molecular Pneumology, Cardiopulmonary Institute, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
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6
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Crnkovic S, Valzano F, Fließer E, Gindlhuber J, Thekkekara Puthenparampil H, Basil M, Morley MP, Katzen J, Gschwandtner E, Klepetko W, Cantu E, Wolinski H, Olschewski H, Lindenmann J, Zhao YY, Morrisey EE, Marsh LM, Kwapiszewska G. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals skewed cellular communication and phenotypic shift in pulmonary artery remodeling. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153471. [PMID: 36099047 PMCID: PMC9714792 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A central feature of progressive vascular remodeling is altered smooth muscle cell (SMC) homeostasis; however, the understanding of how different cell populations contribute to this process is limited. Here, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to provide insight into cellular composition changes within isolated pulmonary arteries (PAs) from pulmonary arterial hypertension and donor lungs. Our results revealed that remodeling skewed the balanced communication network between immune and structural cells, in particular SMCs. Comparative analysis with murine PAs showed that human PAs harbored heterogeneous SMC populations with an abundant intermediary cluster displaying a gradient transition between SMCs and adventitial fibroblasts. Transcriptionally distinct SMC populations were enriched in specific biological processes and could be differentiated into 4 major clusters: oxygen sensing (enriched in pericytes), contractile, synthetic, and fibroblast-like. End-stage remodeling was associated with phenotypic shift of preexisting SMC populations and accumulation of synthetic SMCs in neointima. Distinctly regulated genes in clusters built nonredundant regulatory hubs encompassing stress response and differentiation regulators. The current study provides a blueprint of cellular and molecular changes on a single-cell level that are defining the pathological vascular remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slaven Crnkovic
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Division of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center and
| | - Francesco Valzano
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Fließer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Jürgen Gindlhuber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center of Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Maria Basil
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mike P. Morley
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeremy Katzen
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elisabeth Gschwandtner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edward Cantu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences and,Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Jörg Lindenmann
- Division of Thoracic and Hyperbaric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - You-Yang Zhao
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Section of Injury Repair and Regeneration, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Edward E. Morrisey
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leigh M. Marsh
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Division of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center and
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Division of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center and,Institute of Lung Health, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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7
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The adventitia in arterial development, remodeling, and hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115259. [PMID: 36150432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The adventitia receives input signals from the vessel wall, the immune system, perivascular nerves and from surrounding tissues to generate effector responses that regulate structural and mechanical properties of blood vessels. It is a complex and dynamic tissue that orchestrates multiple functions for vascular development, homeostasis, repair, and disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in our understanding of the origins, phenotypes, and functions of adventitial and perivascular cells with particular emphasis on hypertensive vascular remodeling.
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8
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Pahapale GJ, Tao J, Nikolic M, Gao S, Scarcelli G, Sun SX, Romer LH, Gracias DH. Directing Multicellular Organization by Varying the Aspect Ratio of Soft Hydrogel Microwells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104649. [PMID: 35434926 PMCID: PMC9189654 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organization with precise spatial definition is essential to various biological processes, including morphogenesis, development, and healing in vascular and other tissues. Gradients and patterns of chemoattractants are well-described guides of multicellular organization, but the influences of 3D geometry of soft hydrogels are less well defined. Here, the discovery of a new mode of endothelial cell self-organization guided by combinatorial effects of stiffness and geometry, independent of protein or chemical patterning, is described. Endothelial cells in 2 kPa microwells are found to be ≈30 times more likely to migrate to the edge to organize in ring-like patterns than in stiff 35 kPa microwells. This organization is independent of curvature and significantly more pronounced in 2 kPa microwells with aspect ratio (perimeter/depth) < 25. Physical factors of cells and substrates that drive this behavior are systematically investigated and a mathematical model that explains the organization by balancing the dynamic interaction between tangential cytoskeletal tension, cell-cell, and cell-substrate adhesion is presented. These findings demonstrate the importance of combinatorial effects of geometry and stiffness in complex cellular organization that can be leveraged to facilitate the engineering of bionics and integrated model organoid systems with customized nutrient vascular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri J. Pahapale
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Jiaxiang Tao
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Milos Nikolic
- Maryland Biophysics ProgramInstitute for Physical Science and TechnologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Sammy Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Maryland Biophysics ProgramInstitute for Physical Science and Technology and Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Sean X. Sun
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCell Biologyand Institute of NanoBioTechnology (INBT)Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Lewis H. Romer
- Department of Cell BiologyAnesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineBiomedical EngineeringPediatricsand Center for Cell DynamicsJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
| | - David H. Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringMaterials Science and EngineeringChemistry and Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR)Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
- Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
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9
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p38 MAPK priming boosts VSMC proliferation and arteriogenesis by promoting PGC1α-dependent mitochondrial dynamics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5938. [PMID: 35396524 PMCID: PMC8994030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is essential for arteriogenesis to restore blood flow after artery occlusion, but the mechanisms underlying this response remain unclear. Based on our previous findings showing increased VSMC proliferation in the neonatal aorta of mice lacking the protease MT4-MMP, we aimed at discovering new players in this process. We demonstrate that MT4-MMP absence boosted VSMC proliferation in vitro in response to PDGF-BB in a cell-autonomous manner through enhanced p38 MAPK activity. Increased phospho-p38 in basal MT4-MMP-null VSMCs augmented the rate of mitochondrial degradation by promoting mitochondrial morphological changes through the co-activator PGC1α as demonstrated in PGC1α−/− VSMCs. We tested the in vivo implications of this pathway in a novel conditional mouse line for selective MT4-MMP deletion in VSMCs and in mice pre-treated with the p38 MAPK activator anisomycin. Priming of p38 MAPK activity in vivo by the absence of the protease MT4-MMP or by anisomycin treatment led to enhanced arteriogenesis and improved flow recovery after femoral artery occlusion. These findings may open new therapeutic opportunities for peripheral vascular diseases.
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10
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Narvaez Del Pilar O, Gacha Garay MJ, Chen J. Three-axis classification of mouse lung mesenchymal cells reveals two populations of myofibroblasts. Development 2022; 149:274755. [PMID: 35302583 PMCID: PMC8977099 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The mesenchyme consists of heterogeneous cell populations that support neighboring structures and are integral to intercellular signaling, but are poorly defined morphologically and molecularly. Leveraging single-cell RNA-sequencing, 3D imaging and lineage tracing, we classify the mouse lung mesenchyme into three proximal-distal axes that are associated with the endothelium, epithelium and interstitium, respectively. From proximal to distal: the vascular axis includes vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes that transition as arterioles and venules ramify into capillaries; the epithelial axis includes airway smooth muscle cells and two populations of myofibroblasts - ductal myofibroblasts, surrounding alveolar ducts and marked by CDH4, HHIP and LGR6, which persist post-alveologenesis, and alveolar myofibroblasts, surrounding alveoli and marked by high expression of PDGFRA, which undergo developmental apoptosis; and the interstitial axis, residing between the epithelial and vascular trees and sharing the marker MEOX2, includes fibroblasts in the bronchovascular bundle and the alveolar interstitium, which are marked by IL33/DNER/PI16 and Wnt2, respectively. Single-cell imaging reveals a distinct morphology of mesenchymal cell populations. This classification provides a conceptual and experimental framework applicable to other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odemaris Narvaez Del Pilar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,University of Puerto Rico - Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00927
| | - Maria Jose Gacha Garay
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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11
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Sun X, Perl AK, Li R, Bell SM, Sajti E, Kalinichenko VV, Kalin TV, Misra RS, Deshmukh H, Clair G, Kyle J, Crotty Alexander LE, Masso-Silva JA, Kitzmiller JA, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA, Deutsch G, Guo M, Du Y, Morley MP, Valdez MJ, Yu HV, Jin K, Bardes EE, Zepp JA, Neithamer T, Basil MC, Zacharias WJ, Verheyden J, Young R, Bandyopadhyay G, Lin S, Ansong C, Adkins J, Salomonis N, Aronow BJ, Xu Y, Pryhuber G, Whitsett J, Morrisey EE. A census of the lung: CellCards from LungMAP. Dev Cell 2022; 57:112-145.e2. [PMID: 34936882 PMCID: PMC9202574 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The human lung plays vital roles in respiration, host defense, and basic physiology. Recent technological advancements such as single-cell RNA sequencing and genetic lineage tracing have revealed novel cell types and enriched functional properties of existing cell types in lung. The time has come to take a new census. Initiated by members of the NHLBI-funded LungMAP Consortium and aided by experts in the lung biology community, we synthesized current data into a comprehensive and practical cellular census of the lung. Identities of cell types in the normal lung are captured in individual cell cards with delineation of function, markers, developmental lineages, heterogeneity, regenerative potential, disease links, and key experimental tools. This publication will serve as the starting point of a live, up-to-date guide for lung research at https://www.lungmap.net/cell-cards/. We hope that Lung CellCards will promote the community-wide effort to establish, maintain, and restore respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Anne-Karina Perl
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Rongbo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sheila M Bell
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Eniko Sajti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Ravi S Misra
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, The University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Hitesh Deshmukh
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Geremy Clair
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer Kyle
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Laura E Crotty Alexander
- Deparment of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jorge A Masso-Silva
- Deparment of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph A Kitzmiller
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kathryn A Wikenheiser-Brokamp
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Gail Deutsch
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, OC.8.720, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Minzhe Guo
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yina Du
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael P Morley
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael J Valdez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Haoze V Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kang Jin
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics, Developmental Biology, and Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric E Bardes
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics, Developmental Biology, and Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jarod A Zepp
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Terren Neithamer
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria C Basil
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William J Zacharias
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jamie Verheyden
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Randee Young
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, The University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Sara Lin
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles Ansong
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Joshua Adkins
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics, Developmental Biology, and Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Gloria Pryhuber
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, The University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jeff Whitsett
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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12
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Huang X, Han D, Wei Y, Lin B, Zeng D, Zhang Y, Wei B, Huang Z, Chen X, Yang C. Decreased plasma levels of PDGF-BB, VEGF-A, and HIF-2α in preterm infants after ibuprofen treatment. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:919879. [PMID: 35958170 PMCID: PMC9361044 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.919879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ibuprofen is one of the most common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used to close patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants. PDA is associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), while PDA closure by ibuprofen did not reduce the incidence of BPD or death. Previous studies have indicated an anti-angiogenesis effect of ibuprofen. This study investigated the change of angiogenic factors after ibuprofen treatment in preterm infants. METHODS Preterm infants with hemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA) were included. After confirmed hsPDA by color doppler ultrasonography within 1 week after birth, infants received oral ibuprofen for three continuous days. Paired plasma before and after the ibuprofen treatment was collected and measured by ELISA to determine the concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α). RESULTS 17 paired plasma from infants with hsPDA were collected. The concentration of PDGF-BB and VEGF-A significantly decreased after ibuprofen treatment (1,908 vs. 442 pg/mL for PDGF-BB, 379 vs. 174 pg/mL for VEGF-A). HIF-2α level showed a tendency to decrease after ibuprofen treatment, although the reduction was not statistically significant (p = 0.077). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated decreased vascular growth factors after ibuprofen exposure in hsPDA infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Neonatology, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated Maternity Hospital and Affiliated Children's Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China
| | - Dongshan Han
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanfei Wei
- Department of Neonatology, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated Maternity Hospital and Affiliated Children's Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China
| | - Bingchun Lin
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dingyuan Zeng
- Department of Neonatology, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated Maternity Hospital and Affiliated Children's Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China.,Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Cohort Study in Pregnant Women of Advanced Age, Liuzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated Maternity Hospital and Affiliated Children's Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China.,Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Cohort Study in Pregnant Women of Advanced Age, Liuzhou, China
| | - Ba Wei
- Department of Neonatology, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated Maternity Hospital and Affiliated Children's Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xueyu Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanzhong Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle cell investment and phenotypic diversification in vascular diseases. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2101-2111. [PMID: 34495326 PMCID: PMC8589433 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In contrast with the heart, the adult mammalian vasculature retains significant remodelling capacity, dysregulation of which is implicated in disease development. In particular, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play major roles in the pathological vascular remodelling characteristic of atherosclerosis, restenosis, aneurysm and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Clonal lineage tracing revealed that the VSMC-contribution to disease results from the hyperproliferation of few pre-existing medial cells and suggested that VSMC-derived cells from the same clone can adopt diverse phenotypes. Studies harnessing the powerful combination of lineage tracing and single-cell transcriptomics have delineated the substantial diversity of VSMC-derived cells in vascular lesions, which are proposed to have both beneficial and detrimental effects on disease severity. Computational analyses further suggest that the pathway from contractile VSMCs in healthy arteries to phenotypically distinct lesional cells consists of multiple, potentially regulatable, steps. A better understanding of how individual steps are controlled could reveal effective therapeutic strategies to minimise VSMC functions that drive pathology whilst maintaining or enhancing their beneficial roles. Here we review current knowledge of VSMC plasticity and highlight important questions that should be addressed to understand how specific stages of VSMC investment and phenotypic diversification are controlled. Implications for developing therapeutic strategies in pathological vascular remodelling are discussed and we explore how cutting-edge approaches could be used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying VSMC regulation.
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14
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Evidence for Multiple Origins of De Novo Formed Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Pulmonary Hypertension: Challenging the Dominant Model of Pre-Existing Smooth Muscle Expansion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168584. [PMID: 34444333 PMCID: PMC8391896 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a prominent feature of pulmonary hypertension. This process involves increased muscularization of already muscularized vessels as well as neo-muscularization of non-muscularized vessels. The cell-of-origin of the newly formed vascular smooth muscle cells has been a subject of intense debate in recent years. Identifying these cells may have important clinical implications since it opens the door for attempts to therapeutically target the progenitor cells and/or reverse the differentiation of their progeny. In this context, the dominant model is that these cells derive from pre-existing smooth muscle cells that are activated in response to injury. In this mini review, we present the evidence that is in favor of this model and, at the same time, highlight other studies indicating that there are alternative cellular sources of vascular smooth muscle cells in pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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15
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Travaglini KJ, Nabhan AN, Penland L, Sinha R, Gillich A, Sit RV, Chang S, Conley SD, Mori Y, Seita J, Berry GJ, Shrager JB, Metzger RJ, Kuo CS, Neff N, Weissman IL, Quake SR, Krasnow MA. A molecular cell atlas of the human lung from single-cell RNA sequencing. Nature 2020; 587:619-625. [PMID: 33208946 PMCID: PMC7704697 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although single-cell RNA sequencing studies have begun to provide compendia of cell expression profiles1-9, it has been difficult to systematically identify and localize all molecular cell types in individual organs to create a full molecular cell atlas. Here, using droplet- and plate-based single-cell RNA sequencing of approximately 75,000 human cells across all lung tissue compartments and circulating blood, combined with a multi-pronged cell annotation approach, we create an extensive cell atlas of the human lung. We define the gene expression profiles and anatomical locations of 58 cell populations in the human lung, including 41 out of 45 previously known cell types and 14 previously unknown ones. This comprehensive molecular atlas identifies the biochemical functions of lung cells and the transcription factors and markers for making and monitoring them; defines the cell targets of circulating hormones and predicts local signalling interactions and immune cell homing; and identifies cell types that are directly affected by lung disease genes and respiratory viruses. By comparing human and mouse data, we identified 17 molecular cell types that have been gained or lost during lung evolution and others with substantially altered expression profiles, revealing extensive plasticity of cell types and cell-type-specific gene expression during organ evolution including expression switches between cell types. This atlas provides the molecular foundation for investigating how lung cell identities, functions and interactions are achieved in development and tissue engineering and altered in disease and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Travaglini
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ahmad N Nabhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lolita Penland
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Calico Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rahul Sinha
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Astrid Gillich
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rene V Sit
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie D Conley
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Seita
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Medical Sciences Innovation Hub Program, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gerald J Berry
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph B Shrager
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ross J Metzger
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christin S Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Norma Neff
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Mark A Krasnow
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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16
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Steffes LC, Froistad AA, Andruska A, Boehm M, McGlynn M, Zhang F, Zhang W, Hou D, Tian X, Miquerol L, Nadeau K, Metzger RJ, Spiekerkoetter E, Kumar ME. A Notch3-Marked Subpopulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Is the Cell of Origin for Occlusive Pulmonary Vascular Lesions. Circulation 2020; 142:1545-1561. [PMID: 32794408 PMCID: PMC7578108 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.045750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease characterized by profound vascular remodeling in which pulmonary arteries narrow because of medial thickening and occlusion by neointimal lesions, resulting in elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and right heart failure. Therapies targeting the neointima would represent a significant advance in PAH treatment; however, our understanding of the cellular events driving neointima formation, and the molecular pathways that control them, remains limited. METHODS We comprehensively map the stepwise remodeling of pulmonary arteries in a robust, chronic inflammatory mouse model of pulmonary hypertension. This model demonstrates pathological features of the human disease, including increased right ventricular pressures, medial thickening, neointimal lesion formation, elastin breakdown, increased anastomosis within the bronchial circulation, and perivascular inflammation. Using genetic lineage tracing, clonal analysis, multiplexed in situ hybridization, immunostaining, deep confocal imaging, and staged pharmacological inhibition, we define the cell behaviors underlying each stage of vascular remodeling and identify a pathway required for neointima formation. RESULTS Neointima arises from smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and not endothelium. Medial SMCs proliferate broadly to thicken the media, after which a small number of SMCs are selected to establish the neointima. These neointimal founder cells subsequently undergoing massive clonal expansion to form occlusive neointimal lesions. The normal pulmonary artery SMC population is heterogeneous, and we identify a Notch3-marked minority subset of SMCs as the major neointimal cell of origin. Notch signaling is specifically required for the selection of neointimal founder cells, and Notch inhibition significantly improves pulmonary artery pressure in animals with pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSIONS This work describes the first nongenetically driven murine model of pulmonary hypertension (PH) that generates robust and diffuse occlusive neointimal lesions across the pulmonary vascular bed and does so in a stereotyped timeframe. We uncover distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying medial thickening and neointima formation and highlight novel transcriptional, behavioral, and pathogenic heterogeneity within pulmonary artery SMCs. In this model, inflammation is sufficient to generate characteristic vascular pathologies and physiological measures of human PAH. We hope that identifying the molecular cues regulating each stage of vascular remodeling will open new avenues for therapeutic advancements in the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea C Steffes
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics (L.C.S., R.J.M., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Research (L.C.S., F.Z., R.J.M., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Alexis A Froistad
- Sean N. Parker Center for Asthma and Allergy Research (A.A.F., M.M., W.Z., D.H., K.N., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.A.F., A.A., M.B., M.M., D.H., X.T., K.N., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Adam Andruska
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.A.F., A.A., M.B., M.M., D.H., X.T., K.N., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Mario Boehm
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.A.F., A.A., M.B., M.M., D.H., X.T., K.N., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (M.B.)
| | - Madeleine McGlynn
- Sean N. Parker Center for Asthma and Allergy Research (A.A.F., M.M., W.Z., D.H., K.N., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.A.F., A.A., M.B., M.M., D.H., X.T., K.N., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Research (L.C.S., F.Z., R.J.M., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Sean N. Parker Center for Asthma and Allergy Research (A.A.F., M.M., W.Z., D.H., K.N., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - David Hou
- Sean N. Parker Center for Asthma and Allergy Research (A.A.F., M.M., W.Z., D.H., K.N., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.A.F., A.A., M.B., M.M., D.H., X.T., K.N., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.A.F., A.A., M.B., M.M., D.H., X.T., K.N., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Lucile Miquerol
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie du Developpement de Marseille, Marseille, France (L.M.)
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Asthma and Allergy Research (A.A.F., M.M., W.Z., D.H., K.N., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Ross J Metzger
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.A.F., A.A., M.B., M.M., D.H., X.T., K.N., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Research (L.C.S., F.Z., R.J.M., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.A.F., A.A., M.B., M.M., D.H., X.T., K.N., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Maya E Kumar
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics (L.C.S., R.J.M., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Research (L.C.S., F.Z., R.J.M., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Sean N. Parker Center for Asthma and Allergy Research (A.A.F., M.M., W.Z., D.H., K.N., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.A.F., A.A., M.B., M.M., D.H., X.T., K.N., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
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17
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Riccetti M, Gokey JJ, Aronow B, Perl AKT. The elephant in the lung: Integrating lineage-tracing, molecular markers, and single cell sequencing data to identify distinct fibroblast populations during lung development and regeneration. Matrix Biol 2020; 91-92:51-74. [PMID: 32442602 PMCID: PMC7434667 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
During lung development, the mesenchyme and epithelium are dependent on each other for instructive morphogenic cues that direct proliferation, cellular differentiation and organogenesis. Specification of epithelial and mesenchymal cell lineages occurs in parallel, forming cellular subtypes that guide the formation of both transitional developmental structures and the permanent architecture of the adult lung. While epithelial cell types and lineages have been relatively well-defined in recent years, the definition of mesenchymal cell types and lineage relationships has been more challenging. Transgenic mouse lines with permanent and inducible lineage tracers have been instrumental in identifying lineage relationships among epithelial progenitor cells and their differentiation into distinct airway and alveolar epithelial cells. Lineage tracing experiments with reporter mice used to identify fibroblast progenitors and their lineage trajectories have been limited by the number of cell specific genes and the developmental timepoint when the lineage trace was activated. In this review, we discuss major developmental mesenchymal lineages, focusing on time of origin, major cell type, and other lineage derivatives, as well as the transgenic tools used to find and define them. We describe lung fibroblasts using function, location, and molecular markers in order to compare and contrast cells with similar functions. The temporal and cell-type specific expression of fourteen "fibroblast lineage" genes were identified in single-cell RNA-sequencing data from LungMAP in the LGEA database. Using these lineage signature genes as guides, we clustered murine lung fibroblast populations from embryonic day 16.5 to postnatal day 28 (E16.5-PN28) and generated heatmaps to illustrate expression of transcription factors, signaling receptors and ligands in a temporal and population specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Riccetti
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jason J Gokey
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Bruce Aronow
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Anne-Karina T Perl
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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18
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Mohammad Mirzaei N, Fok PW. Simple model of atherosclerosis in cylindrical arteries: impact of anisotropic growth on Glagov remodeling. MATHEMATICAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY-A JOURNAL OF THE IMA 2020; 38:59-82. [PMID: 32814945 DOI: 10.1093/imammb/dqaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In 1987, Seymour Glagov observed that arteries went through a two-stage remodeling process as a result of plaque growth: first, a compensatory phase where the lumen area remains approximately constant and second, an encroachment phase where the lumen area decreases over time. In this paper, we investigate the effect of growth anisotropy on Glagov remodeling in five different cases: pure radial, pure circumferential, pure axial, isotropic and general anisotropic growth where the elements of the growth tensor are chosen to minimize the total energy. We suggest that the nature of anisotropy is inclined towards the growth direction that requires the least amount of energy. Our framework is the theory of morphoelasticity on an axisymmetric arterial domain. For each case, we explore their specific effect on the Glagov curves. For the latter two cases, we also provide the changes in collagen fiber orientation and length in the intima, media and adventitia. In addition, we compare the total energy produced by growth in radial, circumferential and axial direction and deduce that using a radially dominant anisotropic growth leads to lower strain energy than isotropic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pak-Wing Fok
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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19
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Chao CM, Chong L, Chu X, Shrestha A, Behnke J, Ehrhardt H, Zhang J, Chen C, Bellusci S. Targeting Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension (BPD-PH): Potential Role of the FGF Signaling Pathway in the Development of the Pulmonary Vascular System. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081875. [PMID: 32796770 PMCID: PMC7464452 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 50 years after the first description of Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) by Northway, this chronic lung disease affecting many preterm infants is still poorly understood. Additonally, approximately 40% of preterm infants suffering from severe BPD also suffer from Bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension (BPD-PH), leading to a significant increase in total morbidity and mortality. Until today, there is no curative therapy for both BPD and BPD-PH available. It has become increasingly evident that growth factors are playing a central role in normal and pathologic development of the pulmonary vasculature. Thus, this review aims to summarize the recent evidence in our understanding of BPD-PH from a basic scientific point of view, focusing on the potential role of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)/FGF10 signaling pathway contributing to disease development, progression and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Ming Chao
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.Z.); (C.C.)
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (X.C.); (A.S.)
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, D-35392 Gießen, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.B.); (H.E.)
- Correspondence: (C.-M.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Lei Chong
- Institute of Pediatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Discipline of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China;
| | - Xuran Chu
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (X.C.); (A.S.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Amit Shrestha
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (X.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Judith Behnke
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, D-35392 Gießen, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.B.); (H.E.)
| | - Harald Ehrhardt
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, D-35392 Gießen, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.B.); (H.E.)
| | - Jinsan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.Z.); (C.C.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Life Science Institute, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.Z.); (C.C.)
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.Z.); (C.C.)
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (X.C.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.-M.C.); (S.B.)
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20
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Huycke TR, Miller BM, Gill HK, Nerurkar NL, Sprinzak D, Mahadevan L, Tabin CJ. Genetic and Mechanical Regulation of Intestinal Smooth Muscle Development. Cell 2020; 179:90-105.e21. [PMID: 31539501 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is enveloped by concentric and orthogonally aligned layers of smooth muscle; however, an understanding of the mechanisms by which these muscles become patterned and aligned in the embryo has been lacking. We find that Hedgehog acts through Bmp to delineate the position of the circumferentially oriented inner muscle layer, whereas localized Bmp inhibition is critical for allowing formation of the later-forming, longitudinally oriented outer layer. Because the layers form at different developmental stages, the muscle cells are exposed to unique mechanical stimuli that direct their alignments. Differential growth within the early gut tube generates residual strains that orient the first layer circumferentially, and when formed, the spontaneous contractions of this layer align the second layer longitudinally. Our data link morphogen-based patterning to mechanically controlled smooth muscle cell alignment and provide a mechanistic context for potentially understanding smooth muscle organization in a wide variety of tubular organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Huycke
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bess M Miller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hasreet K Gill
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nandan L Nerurkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - David Sprinzak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - L Mahadevan
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Clifford J Tabin
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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21
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Ishizaki-Asami R, Uchida K, Tsuchihashi T, Shibata A, Kodo K, Emoto K, Mikoshiba K, Takahashi T, Yamagishi H. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 2 as a novel marker of vasculature to delineate processes of cardiopulmonary development. Dev Biol 2019; 458:237-245. [PMID: 31758944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) involving the outflow tract (OFT), such as persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA), lead to mortality and morbidity with implications not only in the heart, but also in the pulmonary vasculature. The mechanisms of pulmonary artery (PA) development and the etiologies underlying PA disorders associated with CHD remain poorly understood partly because of a specific marker for PA development is nonexistent. The three subtypes of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R1, 2, and 3) are intracellular Ca2+ channels that are essential for many tissues and organs. We discovered that IP3R2 was expressed in the vasculature and heart during development using transgenic mice, in which a LacZ marker gene was knocked into the IP3R2 locus. Whole-mount and section LacZ staining showed that IP3R2-LacZ-positive cells were detectable exclusively in the smooth muscle cells, or tunica media, of PA, merging into αSMA-positive cells during development. Furthermore, our analyses suggested that IP3R2-LacZ positive PA smooth muscle layers gradually elongate from the central PA to the peripheral PAs from E13.5 to E18.5, supporting the distal angiogenesis theory for the development of PA, whereas IP3R2-LacZ was rarely expressed in smooth muscle cells in the pulmonary trunk. Crossing IP3R-LacZ mice with mice hypomorphic for Tbx1 alleles revealed that PTA of Tbx1 mutants may result from agenesis or hypoplasia of the pulmonary trunk; thus, the left and right central to peripheral PAs connect directly to the dorsal side of the truncus arteriosus in these mutants. Additionally, we found hypercellular interstitial mesenchyme and delayed maturation of the lung endoderm in the Tbx1 mutant lungs. Our study identifies IP3R2 as a novel marker for clear visualization of PA during development and can be utilized for studying cardiopulmonary development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Ishizaki-Asami
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keiko Uchida
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Health Center, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8521, Japan.
| | - Takatoshi Tsuchihashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Kawasaki Municipal Hospital, 12-1 Shinkawadōri, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0013, Japan
| | - Akimichi Shibata
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Ashikaga Hospital, 284-1 Yobe-cho, Ashikaga, Tochigi, 326-0843, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kodo
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Katsura Emoto
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- SIAIS (Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies), ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China; Toho University, Faculty of Science, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan; Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Center for Brain Sciences, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takao Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamagishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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22
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Sheikh AQ, Saddouk FZ, Ntokou A, Mazurek R, Greif DM. Cell Autonomous and Non-cell Autonomous Regulation of SMC Progenitors in Pulmonary Hypertension. Cell Rep 2019; 23:1152-1165. [PMID: 29694892 PMCID: PMC5959296 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a devastating disease characterized by excessive vascular muscularization. We previously demonstrated primed platelet-derived growth factor receptor β+ (PDGFR-β+)/smooth muscle cell (SMC) marker+ progenitors at the muscular-unmuscular arteriole border in the normal lung, and in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension, a single primed cell migrates distally and expands clonally, giving rise to most of the pathological smooth muscle coating of small arterioles. Little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying this process. Herein, we show that primed cell expression of Kruppel-like factor 4 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α(HIF1-α) are required, respectively, for distal migration and smooth muscle expansion in a sequential manner. In addition, the HIF1-α/PDGF-B axis in endothelial cells non-cell autonomously regulates primed cell induction, proliferation, and differentiation. Finally, myeloid cells transdifferentiate into or fuse with distal arteriole SMCs during hypoxia, and Pdgfb deletion in myeloid cells attenuates pathological muscularization. Thus, primed cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous pathways are attractive therapeutic targets for pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Q Sheikh
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Fatima Zahra Saddouk
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Aglaia Ntokou
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Renata Mazurek
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Daniel M Greif
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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23
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Cordoba CG, Daly CJ. The organisation of vascular smooth muscle cells; a quantitative Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) based assessment. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ANATOMY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2019.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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24
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Luo Y, Teng X, Zhang L, Chen J, Liu Z, Chen X, Zhao S, Yang S, Feng J, Yan X. CD146-HIF-1α hypoxic reprogramming drives vascular remodeling and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3551. [PMID: 31391533 PMCID: PMC6686016 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11500-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vascular remodeling disease of cardiopulmonary units. No cure is currently available due to an incomplete understanding of vascular remodeling. Here we identify CD146-hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) cross-regulation as a key determinant in vascular remodeling and PAH pathogenesis. CD146 is markedly upregulated in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs/SMCs) and in proportion to disease severity. CD146 expression and HIF-1α transcriptional program reinforce each other to physiologically enable PASMCs to adopt a more synthetic phenotype. Disruption of CD146-HIF-1α cross-talk by genetic ablation of Cd146 in SMCs mitigates pulmonary vascular remodeling in chronic hypoxic mice. Strikingly, targeting of this axis with anti-CD146 antibodies alleviates established pulmonary hypertension (PH) and enhances cardiac function in two rodent models. This study provides mechanistic insights into hypoxic reprogramming that permits vascular remodeling, and thus provides proof of concept for anti-remodeling therapy for PAH through direct modulation of CD146-HIF-1α cross-regulation. Vascular remodelling contributes to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Here Luo and colleagues find that increases in CD146 levels drive vascular remodelling in PH through a cross-talk with hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) signalling, and show that inhibition of CD146 can attenuate disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongting Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, 100193, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 North Lishi Road, 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Jianan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Sai Yang
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China.
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25
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Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) play a critical role in controlling blood pressure and blood distribution, as well as maintaining the structural integrity of the blood vessel. SMC also participate in physiological and pathological vascular remodeling due to their remarkable ability to dynamically modulate their phenotype. During the past decade, the development of in vivo fate mapping systems for unbiased identification and tracking of SMC and their progeny has led to major discoveries as well as the reevaluation of well-established concepts about the contribution of vascular SMC in major vascular diseases including atherosclerosis. Lineage tracing studies revealed that SMC undergoes multiple phenotypic transitions characterized by the expression of markers of alternative cell types (eg, macrophage-like and mesenchymal-stem cell-like) and populate injured or diseased vessels by oligoclonal expansion of a limited number of medial SMC. With the development of high-throughput transcriptomics and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), the field is moving forward towards in-depth SMC phenotypic characterization. Herein, we review the major observations put forth by lineage and clonality tracing studies and the evidence in support for SMC phenotypic diversity in healthy and diseased vascular tissue. We will also discuss the opportunities and remaining challenges of combining lineage tracing and single-cell transcriptomics technologies, as well as studying the functional relevance of SMC phenotypic transitions and identifying the mechanisms controlling them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Liu
- From the Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.L., D.G.).,Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (M.L., D.G.)
| | - Delphine Gomez
- From the Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.L., D.G.).,Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (M.L., D.G.)
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26
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Huycke TR, Tabin CJ. Chick midgut morphogenesis. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 62:109-119. [PMID: 29616718 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.170325ct] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is an essential system of organs required for nutrient absorption. As a simple tube early in development, the primitive gut is patterned along its anterior-posterior axis into discrete compartments with unique morphologies relevant to their functions in the digestive process. These morphologies are acquired gradually through development as the gut is patterned by tissue interactions, both molecular and mechanical in nature, involving all three germ layers. With a focus on midgut morphogenesis, we review work in the chick embryo demonstrating how these molecular signals and mechanical forces sculpt the developing gut tube into its mature form. In particular, we highlight two mechanisms by which the midgut increases its absorptive surface area: looping and villification. Additionally, we review the differentiation and patterning of the intestinal mesoderm into the layers of smooth muscle that mechanically drive peristalsis and the villification process itself. Where relevant, we discuss the mechanisms of chick midgut morphogenesis in the context of experimental data from other model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Huycke
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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27
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Abstract
Unraveling the fates of resident stem cells during tissue regeneration is an important objective in clinical and basic research. Genetic lineage tracing based on Cre-loxP recombination provides an effective strategy for inferring cell fate and cell conversion in vivo. However, the determination of the exact fates of resident stem cells or their derivatives in disease states and during tissue regeneration remains controversial in many fields of study, partly because of technical limitations associated with Cre-based lineage tracing, such as, for example, off-target labeling. Recently, we generated a new lineage-tracing platform we named DeaLT (dual-recombinase-activated lineage tracing) that uses the Dre-rox recombination system to enhance the precision of Cre-mediated lineage tracing. Here, we describe as an example a detailed protocol using DeaLT to trace the fate of c-Kit+ cardiac stem cells and their derivatives, in the absence of any interference from nontarget cells such as cardiomyocytes, during organ homeostasis and after tissue injury. This lineage-tracing protocol can also be used to delineate the fate of resident stem cells of other organ systems, and takes ~10 months to complete, from mouse crossing to final tissue analysis.
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28
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Wu J, Chu X, Chen C, Bellusci S. Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 in Mesenchymal Cell Differentiation During Lung Development and Disease. Front Genet 2018; 9:545. [PMID: 30487814 PMCID: PMC6246629 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During organogenesis and pathogenesis, fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) regulates mesenchymal cell differentiation in the lung. Different cell types reside in the developing lung mesenchyme. Lineage tracing in vivo was used to characterize these cells during development and disease. Fgf10-positive cells in the early lung mesenchyme differentiate into multiple lineages including smooth muscle cells (SMCs), lipofibroblasts (LIFs) as well as other cells, which still remain to be characterized. Fgf10 signaling has been reported to act both in an autocrine and paracrine fashion. Autocrine Fgf10 signaling is important for the differentiation of LIF progenitors. Interestingly, autocrine Fgf10 signaling also controls the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature adipocytes. As the mechanism of action of Fgf10 on adipocyte differentiation via the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ) signaling is quite well established, this knowledge could be instrumental for identifying drugs capable of sustaining LIF differentiation in the context of lung injury. We propose that enhanced LIF differentiation could be associated with improved repair. On the other hand, paracrine signaling is considered to be critical for the differentiation of alveolar epithelial progenitors during development as well as for the maintenance of the alveolar type 2 (AT2) stem cells during homeostasis. Alveolar myofibroblasts (MYFs), which are another type of mesenchymal cells critical for the process of alveologenesis (the last phase of lung development) express high levels of Fgf10 and are also dependent for their formation on Fgf signaling. The characterization of the progenitors of alveolar MYFs as well the mechanisms involved in their differentiation is paramount as these cells are considered to be critical for lung regeneration. Finally, lineage tracing in the context of lung fibrosis demonstrated a reversible differentiation from LIF to "activated" MYF during fibrosis formation and resolution. FGF10 expression in the lungs of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) vs. donors as well as progressive vs. stable IPF patients supports our conclusion that FGF10 deficiency could be causative for IPF progression. The therapeutic application of recombinant human FGF10 is therefore very promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuran Chu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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29
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Kuebler WM, Nicolls MR, Olschewski A, Abe K, Rabinovitch M, Stewart D, Chan SY, Morrell NW, Archer SL, Spiekerkoetter E. A pro-con debate: current controversies in PAH pathogenesis at the American Thoracic Society International Conference in 2017. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L502-L516. [PMID: 29877097 PMCID: PMC6230875 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00150.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The following review summarizes the pro-con debate about current controversies regarding the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) that took place at the American Thoracic Society Conference in May 2017. Leaders in the field of PAH research discussed the importance of the immune system, the role of hemodynamic stress and endothelial apoptosis, as well as bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2 signaling in PAH pathogenesis. Whereas this summary does not intend to resolve obvious conflicts in opinion, we hope that the presented arguments entice further discussions and draw a new generation of enthusiastic researchers into this vibrant field of science to bridge existing gaps for a better understanding and therapy of this fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin , Germany
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at Saint Michael's , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University , Stanford, California
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute, Lung Vascular Research, Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Medicine Rectorate, Linz, Austria
| | - Kohtaro Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Duncan Stewart
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario , Canada
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Stephen L Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University , Stanford, California
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30
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Mesothelial-mesenchymal transitions in embryogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 92:37-44. [PMID: 30243860 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most animals develop coelomic cavities lined by an epithelial cell layer called the mesothelium. Embryonic mesothelial cells have the ability to transform into mesenchymal cells which populate many developing organs contributing to their connective and vascular tissues, and also to organ-specific cell types. Furthermore, embryonic mesothelium and mesothelial-derived cells produce essential signals for visceral morphogenesis. We review the most relevant literature about the mechanisms regulating the embryonic mesothelial-mesenchymal transition, the developmental fate of the mesothelial-derived cells and other functions of the embryonic mesothelium, such as its contribution to the establishment of left-right visceral asymmetries or its role in limb morphogenesis.
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31
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Integrin beta3 regulates clonality and fate of smooth muscle-derived atherosclerotic plaque cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2073. [PMID: 29802249 PMCID: PMC5970166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) play a key role in atherogenesis. However, mechanisms regulating expansion and fate of pre-existing SMCs in atherosclerotic plaques remain poorly defined. Here we show that multiple SMC progenitors mix to form the aorta during development. In contrast, during atherogenesis, a single SMC gives rise to the smooth muscle-derived cells that initially coat the cap of atherosclerotic plaques. Subsequently, highly proliferative cap cells invade the plaque core, comprising the majority of plaque cells. Reduction of integrin β3 (Itgb3) levels in SMCs induces toll-like receptor 4 expression and thereby enhances Cd36 levels and cholesterol-induced transdifferentiation to a macrophage-like phenotype. Global Itgb3 deletion or transplantation of Itgb3(−/−) bone marrow results in recruitment of multiple pre-existing SMCs into plaques. Conditioned medium from Itgb3-silenced macrophages enhances SMC proliferation and migration. Together, our results suggest SMC contribution to atherogenesis is regulated by integrin β3-mediated pathways in both SMCs and bone marrow-derived cells. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) invade atherosclerotic lesions and expand, contributing to plaque progression. Here Misra et al. show that SMC-derived plaque cells come from a single SMC and integrin β3 in SMCs and macrophages regulate the fate, expansion and migration of SMCs during plaque formation.
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32
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Ramai D, Lai J, Monzidelis C, Reddy S. Coronary Artery Development: Origin, Malformations, and Translational Vascular Reparative Therapy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2018; 23:292-300. [PMID: 29642708 DOI: 10.1177/1074248418769633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
After thickening of the cardiac chamber walls during embryogenesis, oxygen and nutrients can no longer be adequately supplied to cardiac cells via passive diffusion; therefore, a primitive vascular network develops to supply these vital structures. This plexus further matures into coronary arteries and veins, which ensures continued development of the heart. Various models have been proposed to account for the growth of the coronary arteries. However, lineage-tracing studies in the last decade have identified 3 major sources, namely, the proepicardium, the sinus venosus, and endocardium. Although the exact contribution of each source remains unknown, the emerging model depicts alternative pathways and progenitor cells, which ensure successful coronary angiogenesis. We aim to explore the current trends in coronary artery development, the cellular and molecular signals regulating heart vascularization, and its implications for heart disease and vascular regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl Ramai
- Department of Medicine, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Academic Affiliate of The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Clinical Affiliate of The Mount Sinai Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, St George’s University, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Jonathan Lai
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, St George’s University, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Constantine Monzidelis
- Department of Medicine, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Academic Affiliate of The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Clinical Affiliate of The Mount Sinai Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sarath Reddy
- Division of Cardiology, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Academic Affiliate of The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Clinical Affiliate of The Mount Sinai Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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33
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Sinha S, Santoro MM. New models to study vascular mural cell embryonic origin: implications in vascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:481-491. [PMID: 29385541 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
A key question in vascular biology is how the diversity of origin of vascular mural cells, namely smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and pericytes influences vessel properties, in particular the regional propensity to vascular diseases. This review therefore first describes the role and regulation of mural cells during vascular formation, with a focus on embryonic origin. We then consider the evidence that connects heterogeneities in SMC and pericyte origins with disease. Since this idea has major implications for understanding and modelling human disease, then there is a pressing need for new model systems to investigate mural cell development and the consequences of heterogeneity. Recent advances arising from in vitro strategies for deriving mural cells from human pluripotent stem cells as well as from the zebrafish model will be discussed and the medical relevance of these discoveries will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Sinha
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Forvie Site, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Box 157, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Massimo Mattia Santoro
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Redox Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy
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34
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Bentzon JF, Majesky MW. Lineage tracking of origin and fate of smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:492-500. [PMID: 29293902 PMCID: PMC5852531 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in lineage-tracking techniques have provided new insights into the origins and fates of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in atherosclerosis. Yet new tools present new challenges for data interpretation that require careful consideration of the strengths and weaknesses of the methods employed. At the same time, discoveries in other fields have introduced new perspectives on longstanding questions about steps in atherogenesis that remain poorly understood. In this article, we address both the challenges and opportunities for a better understanding of the mechanisms by which cells appearing as or deriving from SMCs accumulate in atherosclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/physiopathology
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Humans
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Phenotype
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob F Bentzon
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Deparment of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mark W Majesky
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Room 525, M/S C9S-5, Seattle, WA 98011, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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35
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Dave JM, Mirabella T, Weatherbee SD, Greif DM. Pericyte ALK5/TIMP3 Axis Contributes to Endothelial Morphogenesis in the Developing Brain. Dev Cell 2018; 44:665-678.e6. [PMID: 29456135 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The murine embryonic blood-brain barrier (BBB) consists of endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes (PCs), and basement membrane. Although PCs are critical for inducing vascular stability, signaling pathways in PCs that regulate EC morphogenesis during BBB development remain unexplored. Herein, we find that murine embryos lacking the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptor activin receptor-like kinase 5 (Alk5) in brain PCs (mutants) develop gross germinal matrix hemorrhage-intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH). The germinal matrix (GM) is a highly vascularized structure rich in neuronal and glial precursors. We show that GM microvessels of mutants display abnormal dilation, reduced PC coverage, EC hyperproliferation, reduced basement membrane collagen, and enhanced perivascular matrix metalloproteinase activity. Furthermore, ALK5-depleted PCs downregulate tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3), and TIMP3 administration to mutants improves endothelial morphogenesis and attenuates GMH-IVH. Overall, our findings reveal a key role for PC ALK5 in regulating brain endothelial morphogenesis and a substantial therapeutic potential for TIMP3 during GMH-IVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui M Dave
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 773J, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Teodelinda Mirabella
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 773J, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Scott D Weatherbee
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Daniel M Greif
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 773J, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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36
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Mecham RP, Ramirez F. Extracellular Determinants of Arterial Morphogenesis, Growth, and Homeostasis. Curr Top Dev Biol 2018; 130:193-216. [PMID: 29853177 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly heterogeneous mixture of macromolecules capable of self-assembling into tissue-specific suprastructures that constitute the architectural elements supporting organ function. Contrary to the traditional view of being a static scaffold that supports tissue integrity along with cell adhesion and migration, the ECM is an inherently dynamic system that specifies cellular function and defines the limits and patterns of tissue organization. Throughout evolution, the composition and organization of the ECM have changed to accommodate basic and new tissue functions, both in terms of providing structural support and integrating multivalent signals to cells. In this review, we will highlight some of these bidirectional cell-matrix interactions that guide the development of a mechanically compliant vascular system. Specifically, we will focus on studies that have investigated how ECM composition and physical properties influence cell fate decisions associated with vascular tissue development and homeostasis and implicitly, vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Francesco Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
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37
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Jacobsen K, Lund MB, Shim J, Gunnersen S, Füchtbauer EM, Kjolby M, Carramolino L, Bentzon JF. Diverse cellular architecture of atherosclerotic plaque derives from clonal expansion of a few medial SMCs. JCI Insight 2017; 2:95890. [PMID: 28978793 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrous cap smooth muscle cells (SMCs) protect atherosclerotic lesions from rupturing and causing thrombosis, while other plaque SMCs may have detrimental roles in plaque development. To gain insight into recruitment of different plaque SMCs, we mapped their clonal architecture in aggregation chimeras of eGFP+Apoe-/- and Apoe-/- mouse embryos and in mice with a mosaic expression of fluorescent proteins in medial SMCs that were rendered atherosclerotic by PCSK9-induced hypercholesterolemia. Fibrous caps in aggregation chimeras were found constructed from large, endothelial-aligned layers of either eGFP+ or nonfluorescent SMCs, indicating substantial clonal expansion of a few cells. Similarly, plaques in mice with SMC-restricted Confetti expression showed oligoclonal SMC populations with little intermixing between the progeny of different medial SMCs. Phenotypes comprised both ACTA2+ SMCs in the cap and heterogeneous ACTA2- SMCs in the plaque interior, including chondrocyte-like cells and cells with intracellular lipid and crystalline material. Fibrous cap SMCs were invariably arranged in endothelium-aligned clonal sheets, confirming results in the aggregation chimeras. Analysis of the clonal structure showed that a low number of local medial SMCs partake in atherosclerosis and that single medial SMCs can produce several different SMC phenotypes in plaque. The combined results show that few medial SMCs proliferate to form the entire phenotypically heterogeneous plaque SMC population in murine atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Jacobsen
- Deparment of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marie Bek Lund
- Deparment of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jeong Shim
- Deparment of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stine Gunnersen
- Deparment of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Mads Kjolby
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura Carramolino
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacob Fog Bentzon
- Deparment of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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38
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Misra A, Feng Z, Zhang J, Lou ZY, Greif DM. Using In Vivo and Tissue and Cell Explant Approaches to Study the Morphogenesis and Pathogenesis of the Embryonic and Perinatal Aorta. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28930997 DOI: 10.3791/56039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aorta is the largest artery in the body. The aortic wall is composed of an inner layer of endothelial cells, a middle layer of alternating elastic lamellae and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and an outer layer of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix. In contrast to the widespread study of pathological models (e.g., atherosclerosis) in the adult aorta, much less is known about the embryonic and perinatal aorta. Here, we focus on SMCs and provide protocols for the analysis of the morphogenesis and pathogenesis of embryonic and perinatal aortic SMCs in normal development and disease. Specifically, the four protocols included are: i) in vivo embryonic fate mapping and clonal analysis; ii) explant embryonic aorta culture; iii) SMC isolation from the perinatal aorta; and iv) subcutaneous osmotic mini-pump placement in pregnant (or non-pregnant) mice. Thus, these approaches facilitate the investigation of the origin(s), fate, and clonal architecture of SMCs in the aorta in vivo. They allow for modulating embryonic aorta morphogenesis in utero by continuous exposure to pharmacological agents. In addition, isolated aortic tissue explants or aortic SMCs can be used to gain insights into the role of specific gene targets during fundamental processes such as muscularization, proliferation, and migration. These hypothesis-generating experiments on isolated SMCs and the explanted aorta can then be assessed in the in vivo context through pharmacological and genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Misra
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Zhonghui Feng
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Zhi-Yin Lou
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
| | - Daniel M Greif
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine;
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39
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Shen EM, McCloskey KE. Development of Mural Cells: From In Vivo Understanding to In Vitro Recapitulation. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1020-1041. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin M. Shen
- Graduate Program in Biological Engineering and Small-scale Technologies
| | - Kara E. McCloskey
- Graduate Program in Biological Engineering and Small-scale Technologies
- School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, California
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40
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Kuwabara JT, Tallquist MD. Tracking Adventitial Fibroblast Contribution to Disease: A Review of Current Methods to Identify Resident Fibroblasts. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1598-1607. [PMID: 28705796 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.308199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cells present in the adventitia, or outermost layer of the blood vessel, contribute to the progression of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and aortic dissection. The adventitial fibroblast of the aorta is the prototypic perivascular fibroblast, but the adventitia is composed of multiple distinct cell populations. Therefore, methods for uniquely identifying the fibroblast are critical for a better understanding of how these cells contribute to disease processes. A popular method for distinguishing adventitial cell types relies on the use of genetic tools in the mouse to trace and manipulate these cells. Because lineage tracing relying on Cre-recombinase expressing mice is used more frequently in studies of vascular disease, it is important to outline the advantages and limitations of these genetic tools. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the various genetic tools available in the mouse for the study of resident adventitial fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill T Kuwabara
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu
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41
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Holló G. Demystification of animal symmetry: symmetry is a response to mechanical forces. Biol Direct 2017; 12:11. [PMID: 28514948 PMCID: PMC5436448 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-017-0182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ᅟ Symmetry is an eye-catching feature of animal body plans, yet its causes are not well enough understood. The evolution of animal form is mainly due to changes in gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Based on theoretical considerations regarding fundamental GRN properties, it has recently been proposed that the animal genome, on large time scales, should be regarded as a system which can construct both the main symmetries – radial and bilateral – simultaneously; and that the expression of any of these depends on functional constraints. Current theories explain biological symmetry as a pattern mostly determined by phylogenetic constraints, and more by chance than by necessity. In contrast to this conception, I suggest that physical effects, which in many cases act as proximate, direct, tissue-shaping factors during ontogenesis, are also the ultimate causes – i.e. the indirect factors which provide a selective advantage – of animal symmetry, from organs to body plan level patterns. In this respect, animal symmetry is a necessary product of evolution. This proposition offers a parsimonious view of symmetry as a basic feature of the animal body plan, suggesting that molecules and physical forces act in a beautiful harmony to create symmetrical structures, but that the concert itself is directed by the latter. Reviewers This article was reviewed by Eugene Koonin, Zoltán Varga and Michaël Manuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Holló
- Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen, H-4002, Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, Hungary.
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42
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Moiseenko A, Kheirollahi V, Chao CM, Ahmadvand N, Quantius J, Wilhelm J, Herold S, Ahlbrecht K, Morty RE, Rizvanov AA, Minoo P, El Agha E, Bellusci S. Origin and characterization of alpha smooth muscle actin-positive cells during murine lung development. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1566-1578. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Moiseenko
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Giessen Germany
| | - Vahid Kheirollahi
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Giessen Germany
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Giessen Germany
| | - Negah Ahmadvand
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Giessen Germany
| | - Jennifer Quantius
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Giessen Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Giessen Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Giessen Germany
| | - Katrin Ahlbrecht
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Bad Nauheim Germany
| | - Rory E. Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Bad Nauheim Germany
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University; Kazan Russia
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine; University of Southern California, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California USA
| | - Elie El Agha
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Giessen Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Giessen Germany
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University; Kazan Russia
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43
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Sharma B, Chang A, Red-Horse K. Coronary Artery Development: Progenitor Cells and Differentiation Pathways. Annu Rev Physiol 2016; 79:1-19. [PMID: 27959616 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-033953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the number one cause of death worldwide and involves the accumulation of plaques within the artery wall that can occlude blood flow to the heart and cause myocardial infarction. The high mortality associated with CAD makes the development of medical interventions that repair and replace diseased arteries a high priority for the cardiovascular research community. Advancements in arterial regenerative medicine could benefit from a detailed understanding of coronary artery development during embryogenesis and of how these pathways might be reignited during disease. Recent research has advanced our knowledge on how the coronary vasculature is built and revealed unexpected features of progenitor cell deployment that may have implications for organogenesis in general. Here, we highlight these recent findings and discuss how they set the stage to interrogate developmental pathways during injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Sharma
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;
| | - Andrew Chang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; .,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;
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Mazurek R, Dave JM, Chandran RR, Misra A, Sheikh AQ, Greif DM. Vascular Cells in Blood Vessel Wall Development and Disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2016; 78:323-350. [PMID: 28212800 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vessel wall is composed of distinct cellular layers, yet communication among individual cells within and between layers results in a dynamic and versatile structure. The morphogenesis of the normal vascular wall involves a highly regulated process of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The use of modern developmental biological and genetic approaches has markedly enriched our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these developmental events. Additionally, the application of similar approaches to study diverse vascular diseases has resulted in paradigm-shifting insights into pathogenesis. Further investigations into the biology of vascular cells in development and disease promise to have major ramifications on therapeutic strategies to combat pathologies of the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mazurek
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - J M Dave
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - R R Chandran
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - A Misra
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - A Q Sheikh
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - D M Greif
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
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45
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Sheikh AQ, Misra A, Rosas IO, Adams RH, Greif DM. Smooth muscle cell progenitors are primed to muscularize in pulmonary hypertension. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:308ra159. [PMID: 26446956 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa9712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excess and ectopic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are central to cardiovascular disease pathogenesis, but underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. For instance, pulmonary hypertension (PH) or elevated pulmonary artery blood pressure is a devastating disease with distal extension of smooth muscle to normally unmuscularized pulmonary arterioles. We identify novel SMC progenitors that are located at the pulmonary arteriole muscular-unmuscular border and express both SMC markers and the undifferentiated mesenchyme marker platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β). We term these cells "primed" because in hypoxia-induced PH, they express the pluripotency factor Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), and in each arteriole, one of them migrates distally, dedifferentiates, and clonally expands, giving rise to the distal SMCs. Furthermore, hypoxia-induced expression of the ligand PDGF-B regulates primed cell KLF4 expression, and enhanced PDGF-B and KLF4 levels are required for distal arteriole muscularization and PH. Finally, in PH patients, KLF4 is markedly up-regulated in pulmonary arteriole smooth muscle, especially in proliferating SMCs. In sum, we have identified a pool of SMC progenitors that are critical for the pathogenesis of PH, and perhaps other vascular disorders, and therapeutic strategies targeting this cell type promise to have profound implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Q Sheikh
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 773J, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Ashish Misra
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 773J, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel M Greif
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 773J, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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46
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Baeten JT, Lilly B. Notch Signaling in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 78:351-382. [PMID: 28212801 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is a highly conserved pathway involved in cell fate determination in embryonic development and also functions in the regulation of physiological processes in several systems. It plays an especially important role in vascular development and physiology by influencing angiogenesis, vessel patterning, arterial/venous specification, and vascular smooth muscle biology. Aberrant or dysregulated Notch signaling is the cause of or a contributing factor to many vascular disorders, including inherited vascular diseases, such as cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, associated with degeneration of the smooth muscle layer in cerebral arteries. Like most signaling pathways, the Notch signaling axis is influenced by complex interactions with mediators of other signaling pathways. This complexity is also compounded by different members of the Notch family having both overlapping and unique functions. Thus, it is vital to fully understand the roles and interactions of each Notch family member in order to effectively and specifically target their exact contributions to vascular disease. In this chapter, we will review the Notch signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells as it relates to vascular development and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Baeten
- The Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - B Lilly
- The Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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47
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Xie T, Liang J, Liu N, Huan C, Zhang Y, Liu W, Kumar M, Xiao R, D'Armiento J, Metzger D, Chambon P, Papaioannou VE, Stripp BR, Jiang D, Noble PW. Transcription factor TBX4 regulates myofibroblast accumulation and lung fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3063-79. [PMID: 27400124 DOI: 10.1172/jci85328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive tissue fibrosis is a major cause of the morbidity and mortality associated with repeated epithelial injuries and accumulation of myofibroblasts. Successful treatment options are limited by an incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate myofibroblast accumulation. Here, we employed in vivo lineage tracing and real-time gene expression transgenic reporting methods to analyze the early embryonic transcription factor T-box gene 4 (TBX4), and determined that TBX4-lineage mesenchymal progenitors are the predominant source of myofibroblasts in injured adult lung. In a murine model, ablation of TBX4-expressing cells or disruption of TBX4 signaling attenuated lung fibrosis after bleomycin-induced injury. Furthermore, TBX4 regulated hyaluronan synthase 2 production to enable fibroblast invasion of matrix both in murine models and in fibroblasts from patients with severe pulmonary fibrosis. These data identify TBX4 as a mesenchymal transcription factor that drives accumulation of myofibroblasts and the development of lung fibrosis. Targeting TBX4 and downstream factors that regulate fibroblast invasiveness could lead to therapeutic approaches in lung fibrosis.
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48
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Chao CM, Moiseenko A, Zimmer KP, Bellusci S. Alveologenesis: key cellular players and fibroblast growth factor 10 signaling. Mol Cell Pediatr 2016; 3:17. [PMID: 27098664 PMCID: PMC4840179 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-016-0045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alveologenesis is the last stage in lung development and is essential for building the gas-exchanging units called alveoli. Despite intensive lung research, the intricate crosstalk between mesenchymal and epithelial cell lineages during alveologenesis is poorly understood. This crosstalk contributes to the formation of the secondary septae, which are key structures of healthy alveoli. Conclusions A better understanding of the cellular and molecular processes underlying the formation of the secondary septae is critical for the development of new therapies to protect or regenerate the alveoli. This review summarizes briefly the alveologenesis process in mouse and human. Further, it discusses the current knowledge on the epithelial and mesenchymal progenitor cells during early lung development giving rise to the key cellular players (e.g., alveolar epithelial cell type I, alveolar epithelial cell type II, alveolar myofibroblast, lipofibroblast) involved in alveologenesis. This review focusses mainly on the role of fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10), one of the most important signaling molecules during lung development, in epithelial and mesenchymal cell lineage formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Ming Chao
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Division of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Gießen, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Alena Moiseenko
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Zimmer
- Division of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Gießen, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany. .,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation.
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49
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Ulvmar MH, Martinez-Corral I, Stanczuk L, Mäkinen T. Pdgfrb-Cre targets lymphatic endothelial cells of both venous and non-venous origins. Genesis 2016; 54:350-8. [PMID: 27060598 PMCID: PMC5021155 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Pdgfrb‐Cre line has been used as a tool to specifically target pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. Recent studies showed additional targeting of cardiac and mesenteric lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) by the Pdgfrb‐Cre transgene. In the heart, this was suggested to provide evidence for a previously unknown nonvenous source of LECs originating from yolk sac (YS) hemogenic endothelium (HemEC). Here we show that Pdgfrb‐Cre does not, however, target YS HemEC or YS‐derived erythro‐myeloid progenitors (EMPs). Instead, a high proportion of ECs in embryonic blood vessels of multiple organs, as well as venous‐derived LECs were targeted. Assessment of temporal Cre activity using the R26‐mTmG double reporter suggested recent occurrence of Pdgfrb‐Cre recombination in both blood and lymphatic ECs. It thus cannot be excluded that Pdgfrb‐Cre mediated targeting of LECs is due to de novo expression of the Pdgfrb‐Cre transgene or their previously established venous endothelial origin. Importantly, Pdgfrb‐Cre targeting of LECs does not provide evidence for YS HemEC origin of the lymphatic vasculature. Our results highlight the need for careful interpretation of lineage tracing using constitutive Cre lines that cannot discriminate active from historical expression. The early vascular targeting by the Pdgfrb‐Cre also warrants consideration for its use in studies of mural cells. genesis 54:350–358, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Genesis Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H Ulvmar
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ines Martinez-Corral
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lukas Stanczuk
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Taija Mäkinen
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
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50
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Misra A, Sheikh AQ, Kumar A, Luo J, Zhang J, Hinton RB, Smoot L, Kaplan P, Urban Z, Qyang Y, Tellides G, Greif DM. Integrin β3 inhibition is a therapeutic strategy for supravalvular aortic stenosis. J Exp Med 2016; 213:451-63. [PMID: 26858344 PMCID: PMC4813675 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Misra et al. elucidate the origin of smooth muscle cells involved in supravalvular aortic stenosis and identify the integrin β3 pathway as a therapeutic target in this disease. The aorta is the largest artery in the body, yet processes underlying aortic pathology are poorly understood. The arterial media consists of circumferential layers of elastic lamellae and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and many arterial diseases are characterized by defective lamellae and excess SMCs; however, a mechanism linking these pathological features is lacking. In this study, we use lineage and genetic analysis, pharmacological inhibition, explant cultures, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to investigate supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) patients and/or elastin mutant mice that model SVAS. These experiments demonstrate that multiple preexisting SMCs give rise to excess aortic SMCs in elastin mutants, and these SMCs are hyperproliferative and dedifferentiated. In addition, SVAS iPSC-derived SMCs and the aortic media of elastin mutant mice and SVAS patients have enhanced integrin β3 levels, activation, and downstream signaling, resulting in SMC misalignment and hyperproliferation. Reduced β3 gene dosage in elastin-null mice mitigates pathological aortic muscularization, SMC misorientation, and lumen loss and extends survival, which is unprecedented. Finally, pharmacological β3 inhibition in elastin mutant mice and explants attenuates aortic hypermuscularization and stenosis. Thus, integrin β3–mediated signaling in SMCs links elastin deficiency and pathological stenosis, and inhibiting this pathway is an attractive therapeutic strategy for SVAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Misra
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Abdul Q Sheikh
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Robert B Hinton
- Division of Cardiology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Leslie Smoot
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Paige Kaplan
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Zsolt Urban
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - George Tellides
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Daniel M Greif
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
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