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Hara S, Muramatsu A, Terao M, Takada S. Identification of maternal allele sequences of IG-DMR that are essential for neonatal viability. PLoS One 2025; 20:e0324882. [PMID: 40403090 PMCID: PMC12097578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0324882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2025] [Accepted: 04/30/2025] [Indexed: 05/24/2025] Open
Abstract
The expression of imprinted genes in the Dlk1-Dio3 domain is regulated by Dlk1-Meg3 intergenic DMR (IG-DMR), which is methylated in a parental-of-origin-specific manner. An unmethylated 4.1-kb region in the IG-DMR is essential for the maternal allele. Several molecular mechanisms have been proposed for the 4.1-kb region of IG-DMR; however, the sequence in the 4.1-kb region essential for imprinted gene expression is still unknown. To explore the sequence responsible for the IG-DMR in vivo, we generated mutant mice with a series of IG-DMR deletions. We observed that a deletion of the 2.7-kb region, including the IG-DMR transcriptional regulatory element (IGTRE), on the maternal allele causes IG-DMR dysfunction, resulting in perinatal lethality. At least two functional sequences exist in IGTRE that are functionally redundant in vivo, and the paternal transmission of a mutant allele, in which IGTRE was deleted together with a tandem repeat sequence in IG-DMR (IGRep), rescued embryonic lethality due to a lack of paternal IGRep. Our findings revealed that a sequence responsible for the lethal phenotype of the maternally inherited 4.1-kb deletion of IG-DMR is in the IGTRE domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hara
- Department of Systems Developmental Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Devision of Molecular Genetics & Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Akari Muramatsu
- Department of Systems Developmental Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of NCCHD, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Terao
- Department of Systems Developmental Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Takada
- Department of Systems Developmental Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of NCCHD, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Le LTT. Long non coding RNA function in epigenetic memory with a particular emphasis on genomic imprinting and X chromosome inactivation. Gene 2025; 943:149290. [PMID: 39880342 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2025.149290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 12/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2025] [Indexed: 01/31/2025]
Abstract
Cells preserve and convey certain gene expression patterns to their progeny through the mechanism called epigenetic memory. Epigenetic memory, encoded by epigenetic markers and components, determines germline inheritance, genomic imprinting, and X chromosome inactivation. First discovered long non coding RNAs were implicated in genomic imprinting and X-inactivation and these two phenomena clearly demonstrate the role of lncRNAs in epigenetic memory regulation. Undoubtedly, lncRNAs are well-suited for regulating genes in close proximity at imprinted loci. Due to prolonged association with the transcription site, lncRNAs are able to guide chromatin modifiers to certain locations, thereby enabling accurate temporal and spatial regulation. Nevertheless, the current state of knowledge regarding lncRNA biology and imprinting processes is still in its nascent phase. Herein, we provide a synopsis of recent scientific advancements to enhance our comprehension of lncRNAs and their functions in epigenetic memory, with a particular emphasis on genomic imprinting and X chromosome inactivation, thus gaining a deeper understanding of the role of lncRNAs in epigenetic regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh T T Le
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Viet Nam
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3
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Kota SB, Kota SK. Lysine-specific demethylase 1a is obligatory for gene regulation during kidney development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2025.02.25.640014. [PMID: 40060432 PMCID: PMC11888273 DOI: 10.1101/2025.02.25.640014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
Histone methyltransferases and demethylases play crucial roles in gene regulation and are vital for proper functioning of multiple tissues. Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (Kdm1a), is responsible for the demethylation of specific lysines, namely K4 and K9, on histone H3. In this study, we investigated the functions of Kdm1a during mouse kidney development upon targeted deletion in renal progenitor cells. Loss of Kdm1a in Six2-positive nephron progenitors resulted in significant reduction in renal mass, tissue structural changes and impaired function. To further understand the molecular function of Kdm1a during kidney development, we conducted multi-omics analyses that included transcriptome profiling, Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing, and methylome assessments. These omic analyses identified Kdm1a as a critical gene regulator required for sustained expression of several nephron segment marker genes, as well as vast number of solute carrier (Slc) genes and a few imprinted genes. Absence of Kdm1a in kidneys led to an increase in global H3K9 methylation peaks, which correlated with the transcriptional downregulation of numerous genes. Among these were markers of nephron progenitors and presumptive tubular precursors. We also observed that specific gene bodies exhibited altered DNA methylation patterns at intragenic differentially methylated regions (DMRs) upon Kdm1a deletion, while the overall global levels of DNA methylation remained unchanged. Our data point to a key regulatory role for Kdm1a in the renal progenitor epigenome, influencing kidney specific gene expression in the developing nephrons. Together the study highlights an indispensable role for Kdm1a for proper development of mouse kidneys, and its absence leading to significant developmental and functional impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savithri Balasubramanian Kota
- Nephrology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Current affiliation: Bayer U.S. LLC
| | - Satya K. Kota
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, USA
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4
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Edwards MM, Wang N, Sagi I, Kinreich S, Benvenisty N, Gerhardt J, Egli D, Koren A. Parent-of-origin-specific DNA replication timing is confined to large imprinted regions. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114700. [PMID: 39235941 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting involves differential DNA methylation and gene expression between homologous paternal and maternal loci. It remains unclear, however, whether DNA replication also shows parent-of-origin-specific patterns at imprinted or other genomic regions. Here, we investigate genome-wide asynchronous DNA replication utilizing uniparental human embryonic stem cells containing either maternal-only (parthenogenetic) or paternal-only (androgenetic) DNA. Four clusters of imprinted genes exhibited differential replication timing based on parent of origin, while the remainder of the genome, 99.82%, showed no significant replication asynchrony between parental origins. Active alleles in imprinted gene clusters replicated earlier than their inactive counterparts. At the Prader-Willi syndrome locus, replication asynchrony spanned virtually the entirety of S phase. Replication asynchrony was carried through differentiation to neuronal precursor cells in a manner consistent with gene expression. This study establishes asynchronous DNA replication as a hallmark of large imprinted gene clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Edwards
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pediatrics and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia University Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ido Sagi
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Shay Kinreich
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Nissim Benvenisty
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Jeannine Gerhardt
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Dieter Egli
- Department of Pediatrics and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia University Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Amnon Koren
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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Moindrot B, Imaizumi Y, Feil R. Differential 3D genome architecture and imprinted gene expression: cause or consequence? Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:973-986. [PMID: 38775198 PMCID: PMC11346452 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Imprinted genes provide an attractive paradigm to unravel links between transcription and genome architecture. The parental allele-specific expression of these essential genes - which are clustered in chromosomal domains - is mediated by parental methylation imprints at key regulatory DNA sequences. Recent chromatin conformation capture (3C)-based studies show differential organization of topologically associating domains between the parental chromosomes at imprinted domains, in embryonic stem and differentiated cells. At several imprinted domains, differentially methylated regions show allelic binding of the insulator protein CTCF, and linked focal retention of cohesin, at the non-methylated allele only. This generates differential patterns of chromatin looping between the parental chromosomes, already in the early embryo, and thereby facilitates the allelic gene expression. Recent research evokes also the opposite scenario, in which allelic transcription contributes to the differential genome organization, similarly as reported for imprinted X chromosome inactivation. This may occur through epigenetic effects on CTCF binding, through structural effects of RNA Polymerase II, or through imprinted long non-coding RNAs that have chromatin repressive functions. The emerging picture is that epigenetically-controlled differential genome architecture precedes and facilitates imprinted gene expression during development, and that at some domains, conversely, the mono-allelic gene expression also influences genome architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Moindrot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yui Imaizumi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Robert Feil
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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Farhadova S, Ghousein A, Charon F, Surcis C, Gomez-Velazques M, Roidor C, Di Michele F, Borensztein M, De Sario A, Esnault C, Noordermeer D, Moindrot B, Feil R. The long non-coding RNA Meg3 mediates imprinted gene expression during stem cell differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:6183-6200. [PMID: 38613389 PMCID: PMC11194098 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 domain comprises the developmental genes Dlk1 and Rtl1, which are silenced on the maternal chromosome in different cell types. On this parental chromosome, the domain's imprinting control region activates a polycistron that produces the lncRNA Meg3 and many miRNAs (Mirg) and C/D-box snoRNAs (Rian). Although Meg3 lncRNA is nuclear and associates with the maternal chromosome, it is unknown whether it controls gene repression in cis. We created mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) that carry an ectopic poly(A) signal, reducing RNA levels along the polycistron, and generated Rian-/- mESCs as well. Upon ESC differentiation, we found that Meg3 lncRNA (but not Rian) is required for Dlk1 repression on the maternal chromosome. Biallelic Meg3 expression acquired through CRISPR-mediated demethylation of the paternal Meg3 promoter led to biallelic Dlk1 repression, and to loss of Rtl1 expression. lncRNA expression also correlated with DNA hypomethylation and CTCF binding at the 5'-side of Meg3. Using Capture Hi-C, we found that this creates a Topologically Associating Domain (TAD) organization that brings Meg3 close to Dlk1 on the maternal chromosome. The requirement of Meg3 for gene repression and TAD structure may explain how aberrant MEG3 expression at the human DLK1-DIO3 locus associates with imprinting disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Farhadova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34090 Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Genetic Resources Research Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS), AZ1106 Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Amani Ghousein
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34090 Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - François Charon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Caroline Surcis
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Melisa Gomez-Velazques
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34090 Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Clara Roidor
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34090 Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Flavio Di Michele
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34090 Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Maud Borensztein
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34090 Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Albertina De Sario
- University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Esnault
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34090 Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Daan Noordermeer
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Benoit Moindrot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Robert Feil
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34090 Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
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7
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Ferrer J, Dimitrova N. Transcription regulation by long non-coding RNAs: mechanisms and disease relevance. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:396-415. [PMID: 38242953 PMCID: PMC11045326 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) outnumber protein-coding transcripts, but their functions remain largely unknown. In this Review, we discuss the emerging roles of lncRNAs in the control of gene transcription. Some of the best characterized lncRNAs have essential transcription cis-regulatory functions that cannot be easily accomplished by DNA-interacting transcription factors, such as XIST, which controls X-chromosome inactivation, or imprinted lncRNAs that direct allele-specific repression. A growing number of lncRNA transcription units, including CHASERR, PVT1 and HASTER (also known as HNF1A-AS1) act as transcription-stabilizing elements that fine-tune the activity of dosage-sensitive genes that encode transcription factors. Genetic experiments have shown that defects in such transcription stabilizers often cause severe phenotypes. Other lncRNAs, such as lincRNA-p21 (also known as Trp53cor1) and Maenli (Gm29348) contribute to local activation of gene transcription, whereas distinct lncRNAs influence gene transcription in trans. We discuss findings of lncRNAs that elicit a function through either activation of their transcription, transcript elongation and processing or the lncRNA molecule itself. We also discuss emerging evidence of lncRNA involvement in human diseases, and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ferrer
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Nadya Dimitrova
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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8
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Sanceau J, Poupel L, Joubel C, Lagoutte I, Caruso S, Pinto S, Desbois-Mouthon C, Godard C, Hamimi A, Montmory E, Dulary C, Chantalat S, Roehrig A, Muret K, Saint-Pierre B, Deleuze JF, Mouillet-Richard S, Forné T, Grosset CF, Zucman-Rossi J, Colnot S, Gougelet A. DLK1/DIO3 locus upregulation by a β-catenin-dependent enhancer drives cell proliferation and liver tumorigenesis. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1125-1143. [PMID: 38311851 PMCID: PMC11163201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The CTNNB1 gene, encoding β-catenin, is frequently mutated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, ∼30%) and in hepatoblastoma (HB, >80%), in which DLK1/DIO3 locus induction is correlated with CTNNB1 mutations. Here, we aim to decipher how sustained β-catenin activation regulates DLK1/DIO3 locus expression and the role this locus plays in HB and HCC development in mouse models deleted for Apc (ApcΔhep) or Ctnnb1-exon 3 (β-cateninΔExon3) and in human CTNNB1-mutated hepatic cancer cells. We identified an enhancer site bound by TCF-4/β-catenin complexes in an open conformation upon sustained β-catenin activation (DLK1-Wnt responsive element [WRE]) and increasing DLK1/DIO3 locus transcription in β-catenin-mutated human HB and mouse models. DLK1-WRE editing by CRISPR-Cas9 approach impaired DLK1/DIO3 locus expression and slowed tumor growth in subcutaneous CTNNB1-mutated tumor cell grafts, ApcΔhep HB and β-cateninΔExon3 HCC. Tumor growth inhibition resulted either from increased FADD expression and subsequent caspase-3 cleavage in the first case or from decreased expression of cell cycle actors regulated by FoxM1 in the others. Therefore, the DLK1/DIO3 locus is an essential determinant of FoxM1-dependent cell proliferation during β-catenin-driven liver tumorigenesis. Targeting the DLK1-WRE enhancer to silence the DLK1/DIO3 locus might thus represent an interesting therapeutic strategy to restrict tumor growth in primary liver cancers with CTNNB1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Sanceau
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Team « Oncogenic functions of beta-catenin signaling in the liver », Équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Poupel
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Team « Oncogenic functions of beta-catenin signaling in the liver », Équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France; Inovarion, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Camille Joubel
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Team « Oncogenic functions of beta-catenin signaling in the liver », Équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Lagoutte
- University Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Stefano Caruso
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Sandra Pinto
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Team « Oncogenic functions of beta-catenin signaling in the liver », Équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Christèle Desbois-Mouthon
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Team « Oncogenic functions of beta-catenin signaling in the liver », Équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Godard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Team « Oncogenic functions of beta-catenin signaling in the liver », Équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Akila Hamimi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Team « Oncogenic functions of beta-catenin signaling in the liver », Équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Enzo Montmory
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Team « Oncogenic functions of beta-catenin signaling in the liver », Équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Dulary
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, F-91057 Evry, France
| | - Sophie Chantalat
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, F-91057 Evry, France
| | - Amélie Roehrig
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Kevin Muret
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, F-91057 Evry, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Mouillet-Richard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Forné
- IGMM, University Montpellier, CNRS, F-34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe F Grosset
- University Bordeaux, INSERM, Biotherapy of Genetic Diseases, Inflammatory Disorders and Cancer, BMGIC, U1035, MIRCADE team, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; University Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Institute in Oncology, BRIC, U1312, MIRCADE team, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Sabine Colnot
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Team « Oncogenic functions of beta-catenin signaling in the liver », Équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Angélique Gougelet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Team « Oncogenic functions of beta-catenin signaling in the liver », Équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France; APHP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, F-75015 Paris, France.
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9
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Di Michele F, Chillón I, Feil R. Imprinted Long Non-Coding RNAs in Mammalian Development and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13647. [PMID: 37686455 PMCID: PMC10487962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Imprinted genes play diverse roles in mammalian development, homeostasis, and disease. Most imprinted chromosomal domains express one or more long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Several of these lncRNAs are strictly nuclear and their mono-allelic expression controls in cis the expression of protein-coding genes, often developmentally regulated. Some imprinted lncRNAs act in trans as well, controlling target gene expression elsewhere in the genome. The regulation of imprinted gene expression-including that of imprinted lncRNAs-is susceptible to stochastic and environmentally triggered epigenetic changes in the early embryo. These aberrant changes persist during subsequent development and have long-term phenotypic consequences. This review focuses on the expression and the cis- and trans-regulatory roles of imprinted lncRNAs and describes human disease syndromes associated with their perturbed expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Di Michele
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34093 Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, 163 Rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Isabel Chillón
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34093 Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, 163 Rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Robert Feil
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34093 Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, 163 Rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
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10
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Dupont C, Chahar D, Trullo A, Gostan T, Surcis C, Grimaud C, Fisher D, Feil R, Llères D. Evidence for low nanocompaction of heterochromatin in living embryonic stem cells. EMBO J 2023:e110286. [PMID: 37082862 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the identification of chromatin regulators and genome interactions, the principles of higher-order chromatin structure have remained elusive. Here, we applied FLIM-FRET microscopy to analyse, in living cells, the spatial organisation of nanometre range proximity between nucleosomes, which we called "nanocompaction." Both in naive embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and in ESC-derived epiblast-like cells (EpiLCs), we find that, contrary to expectations, constitutive heterochromatin is much less compacted than bulk chromatin. The opposite was observed in fixed cells. HP1α knockdown increased nanocompaction in living ESCs, but this was overridden by loss of HP1β, indicating the existence of a dynamic HP1-dependent low compaction state in pluripotent cells. Depletion of H4K20me2/3 abrogated nanocompaction, while increased H4K20me3 levels accompanied the nuclear reorganisation during EpiLCs induction. Finally, the knockout of the nuclear cellular-proliferation marker Ki-67 strongly reduced both interphase and mitotic heterochromatin nanocompaction in ESCs. Our data indicate that, contrary to prevailing models, heterochromatin is not highly compacted at the nanoscale but resides in a dynamic low nanocompaction state that depends on H4K20me2/3, the balance between HP1 isoforms, and Ki-67.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Dupont
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dhanvantri Chahar
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Antonio Trullo
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Gostan
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Surcis
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Grimaud
- Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel Fisher
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Robert Feil
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - David Llères
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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11
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Chao Y, Qin Y, Zou X, Wang X, Hu C, Xia F, Zou C. Promising therapeutic aspects in human genetic imprinting disorders. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:146. [PMID: 36371218 PMCID: PMC9655922 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon of monoallelic gene expression pattern depending on parental origin. In humans, congenital imprinting disruptions resulting from genetic or epigenetic mechanisms can cause a group of diseases known as genetic imprinting disorders (IDs). Genetic IDs involve several distinct syndromes sharing homologies in terms of genetic etiologies and phenotypic features. However, the molecular pathogenesis of genetic IDs is complex and remains largely uncharacterized, resulting in a lack of effective therapeutic approaches for patients. In this review, we begin with an overview of the genomic and epigenomic molecular basis of human genetic IDs. Notably, we address ethical aspects as a priority of employing emerging techniques for therapeutic applications in human IDs. With a particular focus, we delineate the current field of emerging therapeutics for genetic IDs. We briefly summarize novel symptomatic drugs and highlight the key milestones of new techniques and therapeutic programs as they stand today which can offer highly promising disease-modifying interventions for genetic IDs accompanied by various challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Chao
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052 Zhejiang China
| | - Yifang Qin
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052 Zhejiang China
| | - Xinyi Zou
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XZhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015 Zhejiang China
| | - Xiangzhi Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052 Zhejiang China
| | - Chenxi Hu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052 Zhejiang China
| | - Fangling Xia
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052 Zhejiang China
| | - Chaochun Zou
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052 Zhejiang China
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12
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Fan Y, Ren C, Deng K, Zhang Z, Li J, Deng M, Zhang Y, Wang F. The regulation of LncRNA GTL2 expression by DNA methylation during sheep skeletal muscle development. Genomics 2022; 114:110453. [PMID: 36030023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation has crucial roles in regulating the expression of genes involved in skeletal muscle development. However, the DNA methylation pattern of lncRNA during sheep skeletal muscle development remains unclear. This study investigated previous WGBS and LncRNA data in skeletal muscle of sheep (fetus and adult). We then focused on LncRNA GTL2, which is differentially expressed in skeletal muscle and has multiple DMRs. We found that the expression level of GTL2 decreased with age. GTL2 DMRs methylation levels were significantly higher in adult muscle than in fetal muscle. After 5AZA treatment, GTL2 expression was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner.The dCas9-DNMT3A-sgRNA significantly reduced the expression level of GTL2 in cells, but increased GTL2 DMR methylation levels. The above studies indicate that dCas9-DNMT3A can effectively increase the methylation level in the DMR region of GTL2, the expression level of GTL2 is regulated by DNA methylation during muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Fan
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Caifang Ren
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kaiping Deng
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingtian Deng
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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13
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Li J, Yu D, Wang J, Li C, Wang Q, Wang J, Du W, Zhao S, Pang Y, Hao H, Zhao X, Zhu H, Li S, Zou H. Identification of the porcine IG-DMR and abnormal imprinting of DLK1-DIO3 in cloned pigs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:964045. [PMID: 36036009 PMCID: PMC9400927 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.964045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct reprogramming of the DLK1-DIO3 imprinted region is critical for the development of cloned animals. However, in pigs, the imprinting and regulation of the DLK1-DIO3 region has not been systematically analyzed. The objective of this study was to investigate the imprinting status and methylation regulation of the DLK1-DIO3 region in wild-type and cloned neonatal pigs. We mapped the imprinting control region, IG-DMR, by homologous alignment and validated it in sperm, oocytes, fibroblasts, and parthenogenetic embryos. Subsequently, single nucleotide polymorphism-based sequencing and bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction were conducted to analyze imprinting and methylation in different types of fibroblasts, as well as wild-type and cloned neonatal pigs. The results showed that Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) resulted in hypermethylation of the IG-DMR and aberrant gene expression in the DLK1-DIO3 region. Similar to wild-type pigs, imprinted expression and methylation were observed in the surviving cloned pigs, whereas in dead cloned pigs, the IG-DMR was hypermethylated and the expression of GTL2 was nearly undetectable. Our study reveals that abnormal imprinting of the DLK1-DIO3 region occurs in cloned pigs, which provides a theoretical basis for improving the cloning efficiency by gene editing to correct abnormal imprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Dawei Yu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dawei Yu, ; Huabin Zhu, ; Shijie Li, ; Huiying Zou,
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Human Genetics David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Weihua Du
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanjiang Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunwei Pang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haisheng Hao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueming Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huabin Zhu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dawei Yu, ; Huabin Zhu, ; Shijie Li, ; Huiying Zou,
| | - Shijie Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- *Correspondence: Dawei Yu, ; Huabin Zhu, ; Shijie Li, ; Huiying Zou,
| | - Huiying Zou
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dawei Yu, ; Huabin Zhu, ; Shijie Li, ; Huiying Zou,
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14
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Acurzio B, Cecere F, Giaccari C, Verma A, Russo R, Valletta M, Hay Mele B, Angelini C, Chambery A, Riccio A. The mismatch-repair proteins MSH2 and MSH6 interact with the imprinting control regions through the ZFP57-KAP1 complex. Epigenetics Chromatin 2022; 15:27. [PMID: 35918739 PMCID: PMC9344765 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-022-00462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Imprinting Control Regions (ICRs) are CpG-rich sequences acquiring differential methylation in the female and male germline and maintaining it in a parental origin-specific manner in somatic cells. Despite their expected high mutation rate due to spontaneous deamination of methylated cytosines, ICRs show conservation of CpG-richness and CpG-containing transcription factor binding sites in mammalian species. However, little is known about the mechanisms contributing to the maintenance of a high density of methyl CpGs at these loci. Results To gain functional insights into the mechanisms for maintaining CpG methylation, we sought to identify the proteins binding the methylated allele of the ICRs by determining the interactors of ZFP57 that recognizes a methylated hexanucleotide motif of these DNA regions in mouse ESCs. By using a tagged approach coupled to LC–MS/MS analysis, we identified several proteins, including factors involved in mRNA processing/splicing, chromosome organization, transcription and DNA repair processes. The presence of the post-replicative mismatch-repair (MMR) complex components MSH2 and MSH6 among the identified ZFP57 interactors prompted us to investigate their DNA binding profile by chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing. We demonstrated that MSH2 was enriched at gene promoters overlapping unmethylated CpG islands and at repeats. We also found that both MSH2 and MSH6 interacted with the methylated allele of the ICRs, where their binding to DNA was mediated by the ZFP57/KAP1 complex. Conclusions Our findings show that the MMR complex is concentrated on gene promoters and repeats in mouse ESCs, suggesting that maintaining the integrity of these regions is a primary function of highly proliferating cells. Furthermore, the demonstration that MSH2/MSH6 are recruited to the methylated allele of the ICRs through interaction with ZFP57/KAP1 suggests a role of the MMR complex in the maintenance of the integrity of these regulatory regions and evolution of genomic imprinting in mammalian species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13072-022-00462-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basilia Acurzio
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB) "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecere
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB) "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Giaccari
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB) "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ankit Verma
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB) "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosita Russo
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Mariangela Valletta
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Bruno Hay Mele
- Department of Biology, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli "Federico II", 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Angelini
- Istituto Per Le Applicazioni del Calcolo "Mauro Picone" (IAC), CNR, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Chambery
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy. .,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB) "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy.
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15
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Weinberg-Shukron A, Ben-Yair R, Takahashi N, Dunjić M, Shtrikman A, Edwards CA, Ferguson-Smith AC, Stelzer Y. Balanced gene dosage control rather than parental origin underpins genomic imprinting. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4391. [PMID: 35906226 PMCID: PMC9338321 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian parental imprinting represents an exquisite form of epigenetic control regulating the parent-specific monoallelic expression of genes in clusters. While imprinting perturbations are widely associated with developmental abnormalities, the intricate regional interplay between imprinted genes makes interpreting the contribution of gene dosage effects to phenotypes a challenging task. Using mouse models with distinct deletions in an intergenic region controlling imprinting across the Dlk1-Dio3 domain, we link changes in genetic and epigenetic states to allelic-expression and phenotypic outcome in vivo. This determined how hierarchical interactions between regulatory elements orchestrate robust parent-specific expression, with implications for non-imprinted gene regulation. Strikingly, flipping imprinting on the parental chromosomes by crossing genotypes of complete and partial intergenic element deletions rescues the lethality of each deletion on its own. Our work indicates that parental origin of an epigenetic state is irrelevant as long as appropriate balanced gene expression is established and maintained at imprinted loci. Here the authors investigate whether for imprinted genes the parent-of-origin of the expressed allele or rather appropriate gene dosage is more important for normal development. Using the differentially methylated region of Dlk1-Dio3 gene involved in imprinting, they show that correct parent-of-origin imprinting pattern is secondary to balanced gene dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariella Weinberg-Shukron
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Raz Ben-Yair
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nozomi Takahashi
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Marko Dunjić
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Shtrikman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Carol A Edwards
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Anne C Ferguson-Smith
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, United Kingdom.
| | - Yonatan Stelzer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
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16
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Subnuclear localisation is associated with gene expression more than parental origin at the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 locus. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010186. [PMID: 35482825 PMCID: PMC9129038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
At interphase, de-condensed chromosomes have a non-random three-dimensional architecture within the nucleus, however, little is known about the extent to which nuclear organisation might influence expression or vice versa. Here, using imprinting as a model, we use 3D RNA- and DNA-fluorescence-in-situ-hybridisation in normal and mutant mouse embryonic stem cell lines to assess the relationship between imprinting control, gene expression and allelic distance from the nuclear periphery. We compared the two parentally inherited imprinted domains at the Dlk1-Dio3 domain and find a small but reproducible trend for the maternally inherited domain to be further away from the periphery however we did not observe an enrichment of inactive alleles in the immediate vicinity of the nuclear envelope. Using Zfp57KO ES cells, which harbour a paternal to maternal epigenotype switch, we observe that expressed alleles are significantly further away from the nuclear periphery. However, within individual nuclei, alleles closer to the periphery are equally likely to be expressed as those further away. In other words, absolute position does not predict expression. Taken together, this suggests that whilst stochastic activation can cause subtle shifts in localisation for this locus, there is no dramatic relocation of alleles upon gene activation. Our results suggest that transcriptional activity, rather than the parent-of-origin, defines subnuclear localisation at an endogenous imprinted domain. Genomic imprinting is an epigenetically regulated process that results in the preferential expression of a subset of developmentally regulated genes from either the maternally or the paternally inherited chromosomes. We have used imprinted genes as a model system to investigate the relationship between the parental origin of the chromosomes, the localisation of genes within the cell nucleus and their active expression. By assessing the location of the Dlk1-Dio3 region and the expression of the Gtl2/Meg3 gene within it, we find that there is a small preference for the paternal chromosome to be closer to the periphery but a significant correlation between transcription and distance to the edge of the nucleus for the Gtl2/Meg3 gene. Furthermore, a chromosome nearer the periphery is just as likely to express the gene as the chromosome further away. These findings suggest that the parental origin of the chromosome may not be as important as the transcription of the gene in defining the position of the imprinted region within the nucleus.
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17
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Zaletaev DV, Nemtsova MV, Strelnikov VV. Epigenetic Regulation Disturbances on Gene Expression in Imprinting Diseases. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321050149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Aronson BE, Scourzic L, Shah V, Swanzey E, Kloetgen A, Polyzos A, Sinha A, Azziz A, Caspi I, Li J, Pelham-Webb B, Glenn RA, Vierbuchen T, Wichterle H, Tsirigos A, Dawlaty MM, Stadtfeld M, Apostolou E. A bipartite element with allele-specific functions safeguards DNA methylation imprints at the Dlk1-Dio3 locus. Dev Cell 2021; 56:3052-3065.e5. [PMID: 34710357 PMCID: PMC8628258 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Loss of imprinting (LOI) results in severe developmental defects, but the mechanisms preventing LOI remain incompletely understood. Here, we dissect the functional components of the imprinting control region of the essential Dlk1-Dio3 locus (called IG-DMR) in pluripotent stem cells. We demonstrate that the IG-DMR consists of two antagonistic elements: a paternally methylated CpG island that prevents recruitment of TET dioxygenases and a maternally unmethylated non-canonical enhancer that ensures expression of the Gtl2 lncRNA by counteracting de novo DNA methyltransferases. Genetic or epigenetic editing of these elements leads to distinct LOI phenotypes with characteristic alternations of allele-specific gene expression, DNA methylation, and 3D chromatin topology. Although repression of the Gtl2 promoter results in dysregulated imprinting, the stability of LOI phenotypes depends on the IG-DMR, suggesting a functional hierarchy. These findings establish the IG-DMR as a bipartite control element that maintains imprinting by allele-specific restriction of the DNA (de)methylation machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaz E Aronson
- Sanford I Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Laurianne Scourzic
- Sanford I Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Veevek Shah
- Sanford I Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Emily Swanzey
- Sanford I Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Andreas Kloetgen
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexander Polyzos
- Sanford I Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Abhishek Sinha
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Annabel Azziz
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Inbal Caspi
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jiexi Li
- Sanford I Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Bobbie Pelham-Webb
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel A Glenn
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Vierbuchen
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hynek Wichterle
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease and Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Institute for Computational Medicine and Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Meelad M Dawlaty
- Ruth L and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Department of Developmental & Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Matthias Stadtfeld
- Sanford I Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Effie Apostolou
- Sanford I Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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19
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Wang T, Li J, Yang L, Wu M, Ma Q. The Role of Long Non-coding RNAs in Human Imprinting Disorders: Prospective Therapeutic Targets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:730014. [PMID: 34760887 PMCID: PMC8573313 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.730014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is a term used for an intergenerational epigenetic inheritance and involves a subset of genes expressed in a parent-of-origin-dependent way. Imprinted genes are expressed preferentially from either the paternally or maternally inherited allele. Long non-coding RNAs play essential roles in regulating this allele-specific expression. In several well-studied imprinting clusters, long non-coding RNAs have been found to be essential in regulating temporal- and spatial-specific establishment and maintenance of imprinting patterns. Furthermore, recent insights into the epigenetic pathological mechanisms underlying human genomic imprinting disorders suggest that allele-specific expressed imprinted long non-coding RNAs serve as an upstream regulator of the expression of other protein-coding or non-coding imprinted genes in the same cluster. Aberrantly expressed long non-coding RNAs result in bi-allelic expression or silencing of neighboring imprinted genes. Here, we review the emerging roles of long non-coding RNAs in regulating the expression of imprinted genes, especially in human imprinting disorders, and discuss three strategies targeting the central long non-coding RNA UBE3A-ATS for the purpose of developing therapies for the imprinting disorders Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome. In summary, a better understanding of long non-coding RNA-related mechanisms is key to the development of potential therapeutic targets for human imprinting disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxuan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianjian Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liuyi Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Manyin Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Trotman JB, Braceros KCA, Cherney RE, Murvin MM, Calabrese JM. The control of polycomb repressive complexes by long noncoding RNAs. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2021; 12:e1657. [PMID: 33861025 PMCID: PMC8500928 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 (PRCs; PRC1 and PRC2) are conserved histone-modifying enzymes that often function cooperatively to repress gene expression. The PRCs are regulated by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in complex ways. On the one hand, specific lncRNAs cause the PRCs to engage with chromatin and repress gene expression over genomic regions that can span megabases. On the other hand, the PRCs bind RNA with seemingly little sequence specificity, and at least in the case of PRC2, direct RNA-binding has the effect of inhibiting the enzyme. Thus, some RNAs appear to promote PRC activity, while others may inhibit it. The reasons behind this apparent dichotomy are unclear. The most potent PRC-activating lncRNAs associate with chromatin and are predominantly unspliced or harbor unusually long exons. Emerging data imply that these lncRNAs promote PRC activity through internal RNA sequence elements that arise and disappear rapidly in evolutionary time. These sequence elements may function by interacting with common subsets of RNA-binding proteins that recruit or stabilize PRCs on chromatin. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Recognition RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson B. Trotman
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keean C. A. Braceros
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Curriculum in Mechanistic, Interdisciplinary Studies of Biological Systems, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel E. Cherney
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - McKenzie M. Murvin
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - J. Mauro Calabrese
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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21
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Exploring chromatin structural roles of non-coding RNAs at imprinted domains. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1867-1879. [PMID: 34338292 PMCID: PMC8421051 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Different classes of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) influence the organization of chromatin. Imprinted gene domains constitute a paradigm for exploring functional long ncRNAs (lncRNAs). Almost all express an lncRNA in a parent-of-origin dependent manner. The mono-allelic expression of these lncRNAs represses close by and distant protein-coding genes, through diverse mechanisms. Some control genes on other chromosomes as well. Interestingly, several imprinted chromosomal domains show a developmentally regulated, chromatin-based mechanism of imprinting with apparent similarities to X-chromosome inactivation. At these domains, the mono-allelic lncRNAs show a relatively stable, focal accumulation in cis. This facilitates the recruitment of Polycomb repressive complexes, lysine methyltranferases and other nuclear proteins — in part through direct RNA–protein interactions. Recent chromosome conformation capture and microscopy studies indicate that the focal aggregation of lncRNA and interacting proteins could play an architectural role as well, and correlates with close positioning of target genes. Higher-order chromatin structure is strongly influenced by CTCF/cohesin complexes, whose allelic association patterns and actions may be influenced by lncRNAs as well. Here, we review the gene-repressive roles of imprinted non-coding RNAs, particularly of lncRNAs, and discuss emerging links with chromatin architecture.
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Zfp57 inactivation illustrates the role of ICR methylation in imprinted gene expression during neural differentiation of mouse ESCs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13802. [PMID: 34226608 PMCID: PMC8257706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
ZFP57 is required to maintain the germline-marked differential methylation at imprinting control regions (ICRs) in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Although DNA methylation has a key role in genomic imprinting, several imprinted genes are controlled by different mechanisms, and a comprehensive study of the relationship between DMR methylation and imprinted gene expression is lacking. To address the latter issue, we differentiated wild-type and Zfp57-/- hybrid mouse ESCs into neural precursor cells (NPCs) and evaluated allelic expression of imprinted genes. In mutant NPCs, we observed a reduction of allelic bias of all the 32 genes that were imprinted in wild-type cells, demonstrating that ZFP57-dependent methylation is required for maintaining or acquiring imprinted gene expression during differentiation. Analysis of expression levels showed that imprinted genes expressed from the non-methylated chromosome were generally up-regulated, and those expressed from the methylated chromosome were down-regulated in mutant cells. However, expression levels of several imprinted genes acquiring biallelic expression were not affected, suggesting the existence of compensatory mechanisms that control their RNA level. Since neural differentiation was partially impaired in Zfp57-mutant cells, this study also indicates that imprinted genes and/or non-imprinted ZFP57-target genes are required for proper neurogenesis in cultured ESCs.
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Hara S, Terao M, Tsuji-Hosokawa A, Ogawa Y, Takada S. Humanization of a tandem repeat in IG-DMR causes stochastic restoration of paternal imprinting at mouse Dlk1-Dio3 domain. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:564-574. [PMID: 33709141 PMCID: PMC8120134 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dlk1-Dio3 imprinted domain, regulated by an intergenic differentially methylated region (IG-DMR), is important for mammalian embryonic development. Although previous studies have reported that DNA methylation of a tandem repeated array sequence in paternal IG-DMR (IG-DMR-Rep) plays an essential role in the maintenance of DNA methylation in mice, the function of a tandem repeated array sequence in human IG-DMR (hRep) is unknown. Here, we generated mice with a human tandem repeated sequence, which replaced the mouse IG-DMR-Rep. Mice that transmitted the humanized allele paternally exhibited variable methylation status at the IG-DMR and were stochastically rescued from the lethality of IG-DMR-Rep deficiency, suggesting that hRep plays a role in human IG-DMR for the regulation of imprinted expression. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that TRIM28 was enriched in hypermethylated paternal hRep without ZFP57. Our results suggest that hRep contributes to the maintenance of human IG-DMR methylation imprints via the recruitment of TRIM28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Miho Terao
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Atsumi Tsuji-Hosokawa
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yuya Ogawa
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Department of NCCHD, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shuji Takada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Department of NCCHD, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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Baulina N, Kiselev I, Favorova O. Imprinted Genes and Multiple Sclerosis: What Do We Know? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1346. [PMID: 33572862 PMCID: PMC7866243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system that arises from interplay between non-genetic and genetic risk factors. The epigenetics functions as a link between these factors, affecting gene expression in response to external influence, and therefore should be extensively studied to improve the knowledge of MS molecular mechanisms. Among others, the epigenetic mechanisms underlie the establishment of parent-of-origin effects that appear as phenotypic differences depending on whether the allele was inherited from the mother or father. The most well described manifestation of parent-of-origin effects is genomic imprinting that causes monoallelic gene expression. It becomes more obvious that disturbances in imprinted genes at the least affecting their expression do occur in MS and may be involved in its pathogenesis. In this review we will focus on the potential role of imprinted genes in MS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Baulina
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.K.); (O.F.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Kiselev
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.K.); (O.F.)
| | - Olga Favorova
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.K.); (O.F.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Varrault A, Dubois E, Le Digarcher A, Bouschet T. Quantifying Genomic Imprinting at Tissue and Cell Resolution in the Brain. EPIGENOMES 2020; 4:21. [PMID: 34968292 PMCID: PMC8594728 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes4030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Imprinted genes are a group of ~150 genes that are preferentially expressed from one parental allele owing to epigenetic marks asymmetrically distributed on inherited maternal and paternal chromosomes. Altered imprinted gene expression causes human brain disorders such as Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes and additional rare brain diseases. Research data principally obtained from the mouse model revealed how imprinted genes act in the normal and pathological brain. However, a better understanding of imprinted gene functions calls for building detailed maps of their parent-of-origin-dependent expression and of associated epigenetic signatures. Here we review current methods for quantifying genomic imprinting at tissue and cell resolutions, with a special emphasis on methods to detect parent-of-origin dependent expression and their applications to the brain. We first focus on bulk RNA-sequencing, the main method to detect parent-of-origin-dependent expression transcriptome-wide. We discuss the benefits and caveats of bulk RNA-sequencing and provide a guideline to use it on F1 hybrid mice. We then review methods for detecting parent-of-origin-dependent expression at cell resolution, including single-cell RNA-seq, genetic reporters, and molecular probes. Finally, we provide an overview of single-cell epigenomics technologies that profile additional features of genomic imprinting, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and chromatin conformation and their combination into sc-multimodal omics approaches, which are expected to yield important insights into genomic imprinting in individual brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Varrault
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France; (A.V.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Emeric Dubois
- Montpellier GenomiX (MGX), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France;
| | - Anne Le Digarcher
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France; (A.V.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Tristan Bouschet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France; (A.V.); (A.L.D.)
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Abstract
Genomic imprinting is a parent-of-origin dependent phenomenon that restricts transcription to predominantly one parental allele. Since the discovery of the first long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), which notably was an imprinted lncRNA, a body of knowledge has demonstrated pivotal roles for imprinted lncRNAs in regulating parental-specific expression of neighboring imprinted genes. In this Review, we will discuss the multiple functionalities attributed to lncRNAs and how they regulate imprinted gene expression. We also raise unresolved questions about imprinted lncRNA function, which may lead to new avenues of investigation. This Review is dedicated to the memory of Denise Barlow, a giant in the field of genomic imprinting and functional lncRNAs. With her passion for understanding the inner workings of science, her indominable spirit and her consummate curiosity, Denise blazed a path of scientific investigation that made many seminal contributions to genomic imprinting and the wider field of epigenetic regulation, in addition to inspiring future generations of scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Rangos Research Center, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mellissa R. W. Mann
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bina M. Discovering candidate imprinted genes and imprinting control regions in the human genome. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:378. [PMID: 32475352 PMCID: PMC7262774 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic imprinting is a process thereby a subset of genes is expressed in a parent-of-origin specific manner. This evolutionary novelty is restricted to mammals and controlled by genomic DNA segments known as Imprinting Control Regions (ICRs) and germline Differentially Methylated Regions (gDMRs). Previously, I showed that in the mouse genome, the fully characterized ICRs/gDMRs often includes clusters of 2 or more of a set of composite-DNA-elements known as ZFBS-morph overlaps. RESULTS Because of the importance of the ICRs to regulating parent-of-origin specific gene expression, I developed a genome-wide strategy for predicting their positions in the human genome. My strategy consists of creating plots to display the density of ZFBS-morph overlaps along the entire chromosomal DNA sequences. In initial evaluations, I found that peaks in these plots pinpointed several of the known ICRs/gDMRs along the DNA in chromosomal bands. I deduced that in density-plots, robust peaks corresponded to actual or candidate ICRs in the DNA. By locating the genes in the vicinity of candidate ICRs, I could discover potential imprinting genes. Additionally, my assessments revealed a connection between several of the potential imprinted genes and human developmental anomalies. Examples include Leber congenital amaurosis 11, Coffin-Siris syndrome, progressive myoclonic epilepsy-10, microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II, and microphthalmia, cleft lip and palate, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. CONCLUSION With plots displaying the density of ZFBS-morph overlaps, researchers could locate candidate ICRs and imprinted genes. Since the datafiles are available for download and display at the UCSC genome browser, it is possible to examine the plots in the context of Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to design experiments to discover novel ICRs and imprinted genes in the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minou Bina
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Noordermeer D, Feil R. Differential 3D chromatin organization and gene activity in genomic imprinting. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2020; 61:17-24. [PMID: 32299027 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting gives rise to parent-of-origin dependent allelic gene expression. Most imprinted genes cluster in domains where differentially methylated regions (DMRs)-carrying CpG methylation on one parental allele-regulate their activity. Several imprinted DMRs bind CTCF on the non-methylated allele. CTCF structures TADs ('Topologically Associating Domains'), which are structural units of transcriptional regulation. Recent investigations show that imprinted domains are embedded within TADs that are similar on both parental chromosomes. Within these TADs, however, allelic subdomains are structured by combinations of mono-allelic and bi-allelic CTCF binding that guide imprinted expression. This emerging view indicates that imprinted chromosomal domains should be considered at the overarching TAD level, and questions how CTCF integrates with other regulatory proteins and lncRNAs to achieve imprinted transcriptional programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Noordermeer
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Robert Feil
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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Li J, Lin X, Wang M, Hu Y, Xue K, Gu S, Lv L, Huang S, Xie W. Potential role of genomic imprinted genes and brain developmental related genes in autism. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:54. [PMID: 32216802 PMCID: PMC7099798 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-0693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism is a complex disease involving both environmental and genetic factors. Recent efforts have implicated the correlation of genomic imprinting and brain development in autism, however the pathogenesis of autism is not completely clear. Here, we used bioinformatic tools to provide a comprehensive analysis of the autism-related genes, genomic imprinted genes and the spatially and temporally differentially expressed genes of human brain, aiming to explore the relationship between autism, brain development and genomic imprinting. METHODS This study analyzed the distribution correlation between autism-related genes and imprinted genes on chromosomes using sliding windows and statistical methods. The normal brains' gene expression microarray data were reanalyzed to construct a spatio-temporal coordinate system of gene expression during brain development. Finally, we intersected the autism-related genes, imprinted genes and brain spatio-temporally differentially expressed genes for further analysis to find the major biological processes that these genes involved. RESULTS We found a positive correlation between the autism-related genes' and imprinted genes' distribution on chromosomes. Through the analysis of the normal brain microarray data, we constructed a spatio-temporal coordinate system of gene expression during human brain development, and obtained 13 genes that are differentially expressed in the process of brain development, which are both autism-related genes and imprinted genes. Furthermore, enrichment analysis illustrated that these genes are mainly involved in the biological processes, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway, neuron recognition, learning or memory, and regulation of synaptic transmission. Bioinformatic analysis implied that imprinted genes regulate the development and behavior of the brain. And its own mutation or changes in the epigenetic modification state of the imprinted control region could lead to some diseases, indicating that imprinted genes and brain development play an important role in diagnosis and prognosis of autism. CONCLUSION This study systematically correlates brain development and genomic imprinting with autism, which provides a new perspective for the study of genetic mechanisms of autism, and selected the potential candidate biomarkers for early diagnosis of autism in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of DGHD, MOE, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Mingya Wang
- Key Laboratory of DGHD, MOE, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yunyun Hu
- Key Laboratory of DGHD, MOE, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Kaiyu Xue
- Key Laboratory of DGHD, MOE, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Shuanglin Gu
- Key Laboratory of DGHD, MOE, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Li Lv
- Key Laboratory of DGHD, MOE, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Saijun Huang
- Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Key Laboratory of DGHD, MOE, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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Hitachi K, Nakatani M, Funasaki S, Hijikata I, Maekawa M, Honda M, Tsuchida K. Expression Levels of Long Non-Coding RNAs Change in Models of Altered Muscle Activity and Muscle Mass. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051628. [PMID: 32120896 PMCID: PMC7084395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic organ that is necessary for homeostasis and health of the human body. The size of skeletal muscle changes in response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. Although protein-coding RNAs including myostatin, NF-κβ, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), have pivotal roles in determining the skeletal muscle mass, the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass remains to be elucidated. Here, we performed expression profiling of nine skeletal muscle differentiation-related lncRNAs (DRR, DUM1, linc-MD1, linc-YY1, LncMyod, Neat1, Myoparr, Malat1, and SRA) and three genomic imprinting-related lncRNAs (Gtl2, H19, and IG-DMR) in mouse skeletal muscle. The expression levels of these lncRNAs were examined by quantitative RT-PCR in six skeletal muscle atrophy models (denervation, casting, tail suspension, dexamethasone-administration, cancer cachexia, and fasting) and two skeletal muscle hypertrophy models (mechanical overload and deficiency of the myostatin gene). Cluster analyses of these lncRNA expression levels were successfully used to categorize the muscle atrophy models into two sub-groups. In addition, the expression of Gtl2, IG-DMR, and DUM1 was altered along with changes in the skeletal muscle size. The overview of the expression levels of lncRNAs in multiple muscle atrophy and hypertrophy models provides a novel insight into the role of lncRNAs in determining the skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Hitachi
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science (ICMS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.H.); (M.N.)
| | - Masashi Nakatani
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science (ICMS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.H.); (M.N.)
| | - Shiori Funasaki
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science (ICMS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.H.); (M.N.)
| | - Ikumi Hijikata
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science (ICMS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.H.); (M.N.)
| | - Mizuki Maekawa
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science (ICMS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.H.); (M.N.)
| | - Masahiko Honda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan;
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita 564-8565, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsuchida
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science (ICMS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.H.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-562-93-9384
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32
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Loss of TSC complex enhances gluconeogenesis via upregulation of Dlk1-Dio3 locus miRNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:1524-1532. [PMID: 31919282 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918931117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of the tumor suppressor tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (Tsc1) in the liver promotes gluconeogenesis and glucose intolerance. We asked whether this could be attributed to aberrant expression of small RNAs. We performed small-RNA sequencing on liver of Tsc1-knockout mice, and found that miRNAs of the delta-like homolog 1 (Dlk1)-deiodinase iodothyronine type III (Dio3) locus are up-regulated in an mTORC1-dependent manner. Sustained mTORC1 signaling during development prevented CpG methylation and silencing of the Dlk1-Dio3 locus, thereby increasing miRNA transcription. Deletion of miRNAs encoded by the Dlk1-Dio3 locus reduced gluconeogenesis, glucose intolerance, and fasting blood glucose levels. Thus, miRNAs contribute to the metabolic effects observed upon loss of TSC1 and hyperactivation of mTORC1 in the liver. Furthermore, we show that miRNA is a downstream effector of hyperactive mTORC1 signaling.
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Llères D, Moindrot B, Pathak R, Piras V, Matelot M, Pignard B, Marchand A, Poncelet M, Perrin A, Tellier V, Feil R, Noordermeer D. CTCF modulates allele-specific sub-TAD organization and imprinted gene activity at the mouse Dlk1-Dio3 and Igf2-H19 domains. Genome Biol 2019; 20:272. [PMID: 31831055 PMCID: PMC6909504 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic imprinting is essential for mammalian development and provides a unique paradigm to explore intra-cellular differences in chromatin configuration. So far, the detailed allele-specific chromatin organization of imprinted gene domains has mostly been lacking. Here, we explored the chromatin structure of the two conserved imprinted domains controlled by paternal DNA methylation imprints-the Igf2-H19 and Dlk1-Dio3 domains-and assessed the involvement of the insulator protein CTCF in mouse cells. RESULTS Both imprinted domains are located within overarching topologically associating domains (TADs) that are similar on both parental chromosomes. At each domain, a single differentially methylated region is bound by CTCF on the maternal chromosome only, in addition to multiple instances of bi-allelic CTCF binding. Combinations of allelic 4C-seq and DNA-FISH revealed that bi-allelic CTCF binding alone, on the paternal chromosome, correlates with a first level of sub-TAD structure. On the maternal chromosome, additional CTCF binding at the differentially methylated region adds a further layer of sub-TAD organization, which essentially hijacks the existing paternal-specific sub-TAD organization. Perturbation of maternal-specific CTCF binding site at the Dlk1-Dio3 locus, using genome editing, results in perturbed sub-TAD organization and bi-allelic Dlk1 activation during differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Maternal allele-specific CTCF binding at the imprinted Igf2-H19 and the Dlk1-Dio3 domains adds an additional layer of sub-TAD organization, on top of an existing three-dimensional configuration and prior to imprinted activation of protein-coding genes. We speculate that this allele-specific sub-TAD organization provides an instructive or permissive context for imprinted gene activation during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Llères
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoît Moindrot
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris-sud and University Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rakesh Pathak
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Piras
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris-sud and University Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mélody Matelot
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris-sud and University Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Benoît Pignard
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Alice Marchand
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Mallory Poncelet
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris-sud and University Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aurélien Perrin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Virgile Tellier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris-sud and University Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Robert Feil
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Daan Noordermeer
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris-sud and University Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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34
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Sanli I, Lalevée S, Cammisa M, Perrin A, Rage F, Llères D, Riccio A, Bertrand E, Feil R. Meg3 Non-coding RNA Expression Controls Imprinting by Preventing Transcriptional Upregulation in cis. Cell Rep 2019; 23:337-348. [PMID: 29641995 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are imprinted, their roles often remain unknown. The Dlk1-Dio3 domain expresses the lncRNA Meg3 and multiple microRNAs and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) on the maternal chromosome and constitutes an epigenetic model for development. The domain's Dlk1 (Delta-like-1) gene encodes a ligand that inhibits Notch1 signaling and regulates diverse developmental processes. Using a hybrid embryonic stem cell (ESC) system, we find that Dlk1 becomes imprinted during neural differentiation and that this involves transcriptional upregulation on the paternal chromosome. The maternal Dlk1 gene remains poised. Its protection against activation is controlled in cis by Meg3 expression and also requires the H3-Lys-27 methyltransferase Ezh2. Maternal Meg3 expression additionally protects against de novo DNA methylation at its promoter. We find that Meg3 lncRNA is partially retained in cis and overlaps the maternal Dlk1 in embryonic cells. Combined, our data evoke an imprinting model in which allelic lncRNA expression prevents gene activation in cis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildem Sanli
- Montpellier Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGMM), CNRS and the University of Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Lalevée
- Montpellier Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGMM), CNRS and the University of Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Marco Cammisa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" (IGB), CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Aurélien Perrin
- Montpellier Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGMM), CNRS and the University of Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Rage
- Montpellier Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGMM), CNRS and the University of Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - David Llères
- Montpellier Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGMM), CNRS and the University of Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" (IGB), CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Edouard Bertrand
- Montpellier Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGMM), CNRS and the University of Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Robert Feil
- Montpellier Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGMM), CNRS and the University of Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France.
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Genomic imprinting disorders: lessons on how genome, epigenome and environment interact. Nat Rev Genet 2019; 20:235-248. [PMID: 30647469 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-018-0092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting, the monoallelic and parent-of-origin-dependent expression of a subset of genes, is required for normal development, and its disruption leads to human disease. Imprinting defects can involve isolated or multilocus epigenetic changes that may have no evident genetic cause, or imprinting disruption can be traced back to alterations of cis-acting elements or trans-acting factors that control the establishment, maintenance and erasure of germline epigenetic imprints. Recent insights into the dynamics of the epigenome, including the effect of environmental factors, suggest that the developmental outcomes and heritability of imprinting disorders are influenced by interactions between the genome, the epigenome and the environment in germ cells and early embryos.
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36
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Saito T, Hara S, Kato T, Tamano M, Muramatsu A, Asahara H, Takada S. A tandem repeat array in IG-DMR is essential for imprinting of paternal allele at the Dlk1-Dio3 domain during embryonic development. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:3283-3292. [PMID: 29931170 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is a phenomenon that causes parent-origin-specific monoallelic expression of a small subset of genes, known as imprinted genes, by parentally inherited epigenetic marks. Imprinted genes at the delta-like homolog 1 gene (Dlk1)-type III iodothyronine deiodinase gene (Dio3) imprinted domain, regulated by intergenic differentially methylated region (IG-DMR), are essential for normal development of late embryonic stages. Although the functions of IG-DMR have been reported by generating knockout mice, molecular details of the regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood as the specific sequence(s) of IG-DMR have not been identified. Here, we generated mutant mice by deleting a 216 bp tandem repeated sequence in IG-DMR, which comprised seven repeats of 24 bp motifs, by genome editing technologies. The mutant mice showed that paternal transmission of the deletion allele, but not maternal transmission, induces severe growth retardation and perinatal lethality, possibly due to placental defects. Embryos with a paternally transmitted deletion allele showed biallelic expression of maternally expressed genes and repression of paternally expressed genes. DNA methylation status also showed loss of methylation at IG-DMR and Gtl2-DMR, indicating that the tandem repeat sequence of IG-DMR is one of the functional sequences of IG-DMR, which is required for maintaining DNA methylation imprints of paternal allele at IG-DMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Saito
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Regenerative Medicine Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moe Tamano
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akari Muramatsu
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Takada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Kagami M, Yanagisawa A, Ota M, Matsuoka K, Nakamura A, Matsubara K, Nakabayashi K, Takada S, Fukami M, Ogata T. Temple syndrome in a patient with variably methylated CpGs at the primary MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR and severely hypomethylated CpGs at the secondary MEG3:TSS-DMR. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:42. [PMID: 30846001 PMCID: PMC6407230 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human chromosome 14q32.2 imprinted region harbors the primary MEG3/DLK1:IG-differentially methylated region (DMR) and secondary MEG3:TSS-DMR. The MEG3:TSS-DMR can remain unmethylated only in the presence of unmethylated MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR in somatic tissues, but not in the placenta, because of a hierarchical regulation of the methylation pattern between the two DMRs. Methods We performed molecular studies in a 4-year-old Japanese girl with Temple syndrome (TS14). Results Pyrosequencing analysis showed extremely low methylation levels of five CpGs at the MEG3:TSS-DMR and grossly normal methylation levels of four CpGs at the MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR in leukocytes. HumanMethylation450 BeadChip confirmed marked hypomethylation of the MEG3:TSS-DMR and revealed multilocus imprinting disturbance (MLID) including mild hypomethylation of the H19/IGF2:IG-DMR and mild hypermethylation of the GNAS A/B:TSS-DMR in leukocytes. Bisulfite sequencing showed markedly hypomethylated CpGs at the MEG3:TSS-DMR and irregularly and non-differentially methylated CpGs at the MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR in leukocytes and apparently normal methylation patterns of the two DMRs in the placenta. Maternal uniparental disomy 14 and a deletion involving this imprinted region were excluded. Conclusions Such a methylation pattern of the MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR has not been reported in patients with TS14. It may be possible that a certain degree of irregular hypomethylation at the MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR has prevented methylation of the MEG3:TSS-DMR in somatic tissues and that a hypermethylation type MLID has occurred at the MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR to yield the apparently normal methylation pattern in the placenta. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0640-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Atsuhiro Yanagisawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Yaizu City Hospital, 1000 Doubara, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 425-8505, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, JR Tokyo General Hospital, 2-1-3 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 151-8528, Japan
| | - Miyuki Ota
- Department of Pediatrics, Yaizu City Hospital, 1000 Doubara, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 425-8505, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsuoka
- Department of Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama, 343-8555, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Shuji Takada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
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38
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Wan Y, Guo R, Deng M, Liu Z, Pang J, Zhang G, Wang Z, Wang F. Efficient generation of CLPG1-edited rabbits using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 54:538-544. [PMID: 30570178 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The sheep callipyge (CLPG) phenotype, a well-known muscular hypertrophy syndrome, is caused by an A-to-G transition in the CLPG1 locus. The mechanisms of CLPG phenotype are very complicated and remain to be further studied. Lacking suitable animal models containing CLPG mutations may partially contribute to these unanswered mechanisms. In this study, we confirmed that the CLPG1 locus, especially the 12-bp CLPG1 motif, is conserved in mammalian animals including rabbit. Then, we generated seven CLPG1-edited rabbits with 100% efficiency using CRISPR/Cas9 system combined with cytoplasm injection technology. All the newborn rabbits were mosaicism with numerous kinds of mutations around the target sites. Among the nine screened potential off-target sites (POTs) for the two sgRNAs used in this study, none off-target effect was detected. This indicated that we efficiently and precisely generated CLPG1-edited rabbits, and we believe that these newly generated rabbits will do help to unravel the mechanisms of the CLPG phenotype in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Wan
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rihong Guo
- Key laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingtian Deng
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhifei Liu
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Pang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guomin Zhang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibo Wang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Hernandez A, Stohn JP. The Type 3 Deiodinase: Epigenetic Control of Brain Thyroid Hormone Action and Neurological Function. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061804. [PMID: 29921775 PMCID: PMC6032375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) influence multiple processes in the developing and adult central nervous system, and their local availability needs to be maintained at levels that are tailored to the requirements of their biological targets. The local complement of TH transporters, deiodinase enzymes, and receptors is critical to ensure specific levels of TH action in neural cells. The type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO3) inactivates THs and is highly present in the developing and adult brain, where it limits their availability and action. DIO3 deficiency in mice results in a host of neurodevelopmental and behavioral abnormalities, demonstrating the deleterious effects of TH excess, and revealing the critical role of DIO3 in the regulation of TH action in the brain. The fact the Dio3 is an imprinted gene and that its allelic expression pattern varies across brain regions and during development introduces an additional level of control to deliver specific levels of hormone action in the central nervous system (CNS). The sensitive epigenetic nature of the mechanisms controlling the genomic imprinting of Dio3 renders brain TH action particularly susceptible to disruption due to exogenous treatments and environmental exposures, with potential implications for the etiology of human neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Hernandez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA.
- Graduate School for Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - J Patrizia Stohn
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA.
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40
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Zhang H, Zheng J, Lin J, Chen J, Yu Z, Chen C, Liu T. miR-758 mediates oxLDL-dependent vascular endothelial cell damage by suppressing the succinate receptor SUCNR1. Gene 2018; 663:1-8. [PMID: 29660520 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a vascular disease associated with ageing, and its occurrence and development are closely related to the vascular inflammatory response. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) has distinct effects in atherosclerosis. We aimed to determine the mechanisms underlying these effects. microRNAs including miR-758 were differentially expressed in oxLDL-treated HUVECs or HAECs. Luciferase reporter assay results indicated that SUCNR1 is an important target of miR-758. Expression of SUCNR1 and its downstream components was decreased significantly in ApoE-/- mice. Overexpression of miR-758 could suppress HUVEC proliferation by cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. miR-758 was overexpressed on HUVECs with markedly reduced capillary tubule formation capacity. Overexpression of miR-758 on HUVECs or HAECs could significantly reduce SUCNR1 (GPR91), SATA3, phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3), and EVGF levels. Thus, oxLDL likely damages vascular endothelial cells by modulating the DLK1-DIO3 genomic imprinted microRNA cluster component miR-758, thereby suppressing expression of SUCNR1/GPR91 and its downstream components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiajia Zheng
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiajia Lin
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiulin Chen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhihua Yu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06520, USA.
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41
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Soares ML, Edwards CA, Dearden FL, Ferrón SR, Curran S, Corish JA, Rancourt RC, Allen SE, Charalambous M, Ferguson-Smith MA, Rens W, Adams DJ, Ferguson-Smith AC. Targeted deletion of a 170-kb cluster of LINE-1 repeats and implications for regional control. Genome Res 2018; 28:345-356. [PMID: 29367313 PMCID: PMC5848613 DOI: 10.1101/gr.221366.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Approximately half the mammalian genome is composed of repetitive sequences, and accumulating evidence suggests that some may have an impact on genome function. Here, we characterized a large array class of repeats of long-interspersed elements (LINE-1). Although widely distributed in mammals, locations of such arrays are species specific. Using targeted deletion, we asked whether a 170-kb LINE-1 array located at a mouse imprinted domain might function as a modulator of local transcriptional control. The LINE-1 array is lamina associated in differentiated ES cells consistent with its AT-richness, and although imprinting occurs both proximally and distally to the array, active LINE-1 transcripts within the tract are biallelically expressed. Upon deletion of the array, no perturbation of imprinting was observed, and abnormal phenotypes were not detected in maternal or paternal heterozygous or homozygous mutant mice. The array does not shield nonimprinted genes in the vicinity from local imprinting control. Reduced neural expression of protein-coding genes observed upon paternal transmission of the deletion is likely due to the removal of a brain-specific enhancer embedded within the LINE array. Our findings suggest that presence of a 170-kb LINE-1 array reflects the tolerance of the site for repeat insertion rather than an important genomic function in normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel L Soares
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United Kingdom
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto; and i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carol A Edwards
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Frances L Dearden
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Sacri R Ferrón
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Curran
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A Corish
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C Rancourt
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Allen
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Marika Charalambous
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Willem Rens
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
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Hitachi K, Tsuchida K. Myostatin-deficiency in mice increases global gene expression at the Dlk1-Dio3 locus in the skeletal muscle. Oncotarget 2018; 8:5943-5953. [PMID: 27992376 PMCID: PMC5351603 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth and development. Myostatin inhibition leads to increased skeletal muscle mass in mammals; hence, myostatin is considered a potential therapeutic target for skeletal muscle wasting. However, downstream molecules of myostatin in the skeletal muscle have not been fully elucidated. Here, we identified the Dlk1-Dio3 locus at the mouse chromosome 12qF1, also called as the callipyge locus in sheep, as a novel downstream target of myostatin. In skeletal muscle of myostatin knockout mice, the expression of mature miRNAs at the Dlk1-Dio3 locus was significantly increased. The increased miRNA levels are caused by the transcriptional activation of the Dlk1-Dio3 locus, because a significant increase in the primary miRNA transcript was observed in myostatin knockout mice. In addition, we found increased expression of coding and non-coding genes (Dlk1, Gtl2, Rtl1/Rtl1as, and Rian) at the Dlk1-Dio3 locus in myostatin-deficient skeletal muscle. Moreover, epigenetic changes, associated with the regulation of the Dlk1-Dio3 locus, were observed in myostatin knockout mice. Taken together, this is the first report demonstrating the role of myostatin in regulating the Dlk1-Dio3 (the callipyge) locus in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Hitachi
- Division for Therapies Against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science (ICMS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsuchida
- Division for Therapies Against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science (ICMS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
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Zhang H, Zheng J, Shen H, Huang Y, Liu T, Xi H, Chen C. Curcumin Suppresses In Vitro Proliferation and Invasion of Human Prostate Cancer Stem Cells by Modulating DLK1-DIO3 Imprinted Gene Cluster MicroRNAs. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2018; 22:43-50. [PMID: 29172709 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Zheng
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliang Shen
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyi Huang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hao Xi
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Varrault A, Eckardt S, Girard B, Le Digarcher A, Sassetti I, Meusnier C, Ripoll C, Badalyan A, Bertaso F, McLaughlin KJ, Journot L, Bouschet T. Mouse Parthenogenetic Embryonic Stem Cells with Biparental-Like Expression of Imprinted Genes Generate Cortical-Like Neurons That Integrate into the Injured Adult Cerebral Cortex. Stem Cells 2017; 36:192-205. [PMID: 29044892 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
One strategy for stem cell-based therapy of the cerebral cortex involves the generation and transplantation of functional, histocompatible cortical-like neurons from embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Diploid parthenogenetic Pg-ESCs have recently emerged as a promising source of histocompatible ESC derivatives for organ regeneration but their utility for cerebral cortex therapy is unknown. A major concern with Pg-ESCs is genomic imprinting. In contrast with biparental Bp-ESCs derived from fertilized oocytes, Pg-ESCs harbor two maternal genomes but no sperm-derived genome. Pg-ESCs are therefore expected to have aberrant expression levels of maternally expressed (MEGs) and paternally expressed (PEGs) imprinted genes. Given the roles of imprinted genes in brain development, tissue homeostasis and cancer, their deregulation in Pg-ESCs might be incompatible with therapy. Here, we report that, unexpectedly, only one gene out of 7 MEGs and 12 PEGs was differentially expressed between Pg-ESCs and Bp-ESCs while 13 were differentially expressed between androgenetic Ag-ESCs and Bp-ESCs, indicating that Pg-ESCs but not Ag-ESCs, have a Bp-like imprinting compatible with therapy. In vitro, Pg-ESCs generated cortical-like progenitors and electrophysiologically active glutamatergic neurons that maintained the Bp-like expression levels for most imprinted genes. In vivo, Pg-ESCs participated to the cortical lineage in fetal chimeras. Finally, transplanted Pg-ESC derivatives integrated into the injured adult cortex and sent axonal projections in the host brain. In conclusion, mouse Pg-ESCs generate functional cortical-like neurons with Bp-like imprinting and their derivatives properly integrate into both the embryonic cortex and the injured adult cortex. Collectively, our data support the utility of Pg-ESCs for cortical therapy. Stem Cells 2018;36:192-205.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Varrault
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sigrid Eckardt
- Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Benoît Girard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Le Digarcher
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Sassetti
- Institute for Neuroscience of Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Céline Meusnier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Chantal Ripoll
- Institute for Neuroscience of Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Armen Badalyan
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Federica Bertaso
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - K John McLaughlin
- Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Laurent Journot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Tristan Bouschet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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45
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Enterina JR, Enfield KSS, Anderson C, Marshall EA, Ng KW, Lam WL. DLK1-DIO3 imprinted locus deregulation in development, respiratory disease, and cancer. Expert Rev Respir Med 2017; 11:749-761. [PMID: 28715922 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2017.1355241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The imprinted DLK1-DIO3 locus at 14q32.1-32.31 holds biological significance in fetal development, whereby imprinting errors are causal to developmental disorders. Emerging evidence has implicated this locus in other diseases including cancer, highlighting the biological parallels between fetal organ and tumour development. Areas covered: Controlled regulation of gene expression from the imprinted DLK1-DIO3 locus at 14q32.1-32.31 is crucial for proper fetal development. Deregulation of locus gene expression due to imprinting errors has been mechanistically linked to the developmental disorders Kagami-Ogata Syndrome and Temple Syndrome. In adult tissues, deregulation of locus genes has been associated with multiple malignancies although the causal genetic mechanisms remain largely uncharacterised. Here, we summarize the genetic mechanisms underlying the developmental disorders that arise as a result of improper locus imprinting and the resulting developmental phenotypes, emphasizing both the coding and noncoding components of the locus. We further highlight biological parallels common to both fetal development and disease, with a specific focus on lung development, respiratory disease, and lung cancer. Expert commentary: Many commonalities between respiratory and developmental defects have emerged with respect to the 14q32 locus, emphasizing the importance of studying the effects of imprinting on gene regulation patterns at this locus in both biological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon R Enterina
- a British Columbia Cancer Research Centre , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | | | | | - Erin A Marshall
- a British Columbia Cancer Research Centre , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - Kevin W Ng
- a British Columbia Cancer Research Centre , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - Wan L Lam
- a British Columbia Cancer Research Centre , Vancouver , BC , Canada
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Bouschet T, Dubois E, Reynès C, Kota SK, Rialle S, Maupetit-Méhouas S, Pezet M, Le Digarcher A, Nidelet S, Demolombe V, Cavelier P, Meusnier C, Maurizy C, Sabatier R, Feil R, Arnaud P, Journot L, Varrault A. In Vitro Corticogenesis from Embryonic Stem Cells Recapitulates the In Vivo Epigenetic Control of Imprinted Gene Expression. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:2418-2433. [PMID: 27095822 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro corticogenesis from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is an attractive model of cortical development and a promising tool for cortical therapy. It is unknown to which extent epigenetic mechanisms crucial for cortex development and function, such as parental genomic imprinting, are recapitulated by in vitro corticogenesis. Here, using genome-wide transcriptomic and methylation analyses on hybrid mouse tissues and cells, we find a high concordance of imprinting status between in vivo and ESC-derived cortices. Notably, in vitro corticogenesis strictly reproduced the in vivo parent-of-origin-dependent expression of 41 imprinted genes (IGs), including Mest and Cdkn1c known to control corticogenesis. Parent-of-origin-dependent DNA methylation was also conserved at 14 of 18 imprinted differentially methylated regions. The least concordant imprinted locus was Gpr1-Zdbf2, where the aberrant bi-allelic expression of Zdbf2 and Adam23 was concomitant with a gain of methylation on the maternal allele in vitro. Combined, our data argue for a broad conservation of the epigenetic mechanisms at imprinted loci in cortical cells derived from ESCs. We propose that in vitro corticogenesis helps to define the still poorly understood mechanisms that regulate imprinting in the brain and the roles of IGs in cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Bouschet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U1191, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emeric Dubois
- Montpellier GenomiX, BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS UMS3426, INSERM US009, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Reynès
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U1191, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Satya K Kota
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGMM), CNRS UMR 5535, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Rialle
- Montpellier GenomiX, BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS UMS3426, INSERM US009, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Maupetit-Méhouas
- GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mikael Pezet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U1191, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Le Digarcher
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U1191, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sabine Nidelet
- Montpellier GenomiX, BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS UMS3426, INSERM US009, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Demolombe
- Montpellier GenomiX, BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS UMS3426, INSERM US009, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patricia Cavelier
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGMM), CNRS UMR 5535, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Meusnier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U1191, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Chloé Maurizy
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U1191, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGMM), CNRS UMR 5535, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Robert Sabatier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U1191, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Robert Feil
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGMM), CNRS UMR 5535, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Arnaud
- GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Journot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U1191, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Montpellier GenomiX, BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS UMS3426, INSERM US009, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Annie Varrault
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U1191, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Wang GN, Yang WZ, Xu D, Li DJ, Zhang C, Chen WN, Li SJ. Aberrant expression of MICO1 and MICO1OS in deceased somatic cell nuclear transfer calves. Mol Reprod Dev 2017; 84:517-524. [PMID: 28383772 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Incomplete reprogramming of a donor nucleus following somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) results in aberrant expression of developmentally important genes, and is the primary source of the phenotypic abnormalities observed in cloned animals. Expression of non-coding RNAs in the murine Dlk1-Dio3 imprinted domain was previously shown to correlate with the pluripotency of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. In this study, we examined the transcription of the bovine orthologs from this locus, MICO1 (Maternal intergenic circadian oscillating 1) and MICO1OS (MICO1 opposite strand), in tissues from artificially inseminated and SCNT calves that died during the perinatal period. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), a T-to-C transition, was used to analyze the allelic transcription of MICO1. Our results indicate monoallelic expression of the MICO1C allele among the six analyzed tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and brain) of artificially inseminated calves, indicating that this gene locus may be imprinted in bovine. Conversely, we observed variable allelic transcription of MICO1 in SCNT calves. We asked if DNA methylation regulated the monoallelic expression of MICO1 and MICO1OS by evaluating the methylation levels of six regions within or around this locus in tissues with normal or aberrant MICO1 transcription; all of the samples from either artificially inseminated or SCNT calves exhibited hypermethylation, implying that DNA methylation may not be involved in regulating its monoallelic expression. Furthermore, three imprinted genes (GTL2, MEG9, and DIO3) nearby MICO1 showed monoallelic expression in SCNT calves with aberrant MICO1 transcription, indicating that not all of the genes in the bovine DLK1-DIO3 domain are mis-regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Nan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, China
| | - Dong-Jie Li
- College of Life Science and Life Engineering, Hebei Science and Technology University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, China
| | - Wei-Na Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Shi-Jie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, China
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48
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Saito T, Hara S, Tamano M, Asahara H, Takada S. Deletion of conserved sequences in IG-DMR at Dlk1-Gtl2 locus suggests their involvement in expression of paternally expressed genes in mice. J Reprod Dev 2016; 63:101-109. [PMID: 27904015 PMCID: PMC5320436 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression regulation of the Dlk1-Dio3 imprinted domain by the intergenic differentially methylated region (IG-DMR) is essential for normal embryonic development in mammals. In this study, we investigated conserved IG-DMR genomic sequences in eutherians to elucidate their role in genomic imprinting of the Dlk1-Dio3 domain. Using a comparative genomics approach, we identified three highly conserved sequences in IG-DMR. To elucidate the functions of these sequences in vivo, we generated mutant mice lacking each of the identified highly conserved sequences using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Although mutant mice did not exhibit the gross phenotype, deletions of the conserved sequences altered the expression levels of paternally expressed imprinted genes in the mutant embryos without skewing imprinting status. These results suggest that the conserved sequences in IG-DMR are involved in the expression regulation of some of the imprinted genes in the Dlk1-Dio3 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Saito
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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49
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Swanzey E, Stadtfeld M. A reporter model to visualize imprinting stability at the Dlk1 locus during mouse development and in pluripotent cells. Development 2016; 143:4161-4166. [PMID: 27729406 PMCID: PMC5117214 DOI: 10.1242/dev.138255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting results in the monoallelic expression of genes that encode important regulators of growth and proliferation. Dysregulation of imprinted genes, such as those within the Dlk1-Dio3 locus, is associated with developmental syndromes and specific diseases. Our ability to interrogate causes of imprinting instability has been hindered by the absence of suitable model systems. Here, we describe a Dlk1 knock-in reporter mouse that enables single-cell visualization of allele-specific expression and prospective isolation of cells, simultaneously. We show that this ‘imprinting reporter mouse’ can be used to detect tissue-specific Dlk1 expression patterns in developing embryos. We also apply this system to pluripotent cell culture and demonstrate that it faithfully indicates DNA methylation changes induced upon cellular reprogramming. Finally, the reporter system reveals the role of elevated oxygen levels in eroding imprinted Dlk1 expression during prolonged culture and in vitro differentiation. The possibility to study allele-specific expression in different contexts makes our reporter system a useful tool to dissect the regulation of genomic imprinting in normal development and disease. Summary: A Dlk1 knock-in reporter mouse reports allele- and tissue-specific Dlk1 expression in developing embryos that can be used to study changes in genomic imprinting during cellular reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Swanzey
- The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Matthias Stadtfeld
- The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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50
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Riso V, Cammisa M, Kukreja H, Anvar Z, Verde G, Sparago A, Acurzio B, Lad S, Lonardo E, Sankar A, Helin K, Feil R, Fico A, Angelini C, Grimaldi G, Riccio A. ZFP57 maintains the parent-of-origin-specific expression of the imprinted genes and differentially affects non-imprinted targets in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:8165-78. [PMID: 27257070 PMCID: PMC5041456 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
ZFP57 is necessary for maintaining repressive epigenetic modifications at Imprinting control regions (ICRs). In mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), ZFP57 binds ICRs (ICRBS) and many other loci (non-ICRBS). To address the role of ZFP57 on all its target sites, we performed high-throughput and multi-locus analyses of inbred and hybrid mouse ESC lines carrying different gene knockouts. By using an allele-specific RNA-seq approach, we demonstrate that ZFP57 loss results in derepression of the imprinted allele of multiple genes in the imprinted clusters. We also find marked epigenetic differences between ICRBS and non-ICRBS suggesting that different cis-acting regulatory functions are repressed by ZFP57 at these two classes of target loci. Overall, these data demonstrate that ZFP57 is pivotal to maintain the allele-specific epigenetic modifications of ICRs that in turn are necessary for maintaining the imprinted expression over long distances. At non-ICRBS, ZFP57 inactivation results in acquisition of epigenetic features that are characteristic of poised enhancers, suggesting that another function of ZFP57 in early embryogenesis is to repress cis-acting regulatory elements whose activity is not yet required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Riso
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Marco Cammisa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Harpreet Kukreja
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Zahra Anvar
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Gaetano Verde
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Sparago
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Basilia Acurzio
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Shraddha Lad
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Enza Lonardo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Aditya Sankar
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Center for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Helin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark The Danish Stem Cell Center (Danstem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Feil
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGMM), CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Annalisa Fico
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Angelini
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo 'Mauro Picone' (IAC), CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Grimaldi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l., 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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