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Boggi A, do Amaral J, Bacchi A, Nascimento V, Voegels R, dos Santos J, Grimaldi G, Basseto de Oliveira Araújo K, Pavão V, Passaretti D, Aldred A, Gomes G, Pezato R. Evaluation of the Impact of Exposure To Heat and to By-Products of Combustion on the Health of Firefighters. Ann Burns Fire Disasters 2023; 36:100-110. [PMID: 38681946 PMCID: PMC11041887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Firefighters are often exposed to high temperatures and by-products of combustion, which can affect their health. In this study, we assessed the impact of acute exposure of firefighters in fire simulators. Twenty male firefighters were exposed to fire simulators, and observed in four phases: pre-exposure (group 0, control) and after the end of the first (group 1), second (group 2), and fourth (group 3) weeks of training. Blood samples were collected and dosed to evaluate the response of the immune, inflammatory (C-reactive protein, IL6, and IL10), and endocrine systems (cortisone, total testosterone, free testosterone, SHBG, bioavailable testosterone, TSH, and free T4). In groups 0, 1, and 3, a thermographic evaluation was also carried out to study the temperature and body heat flow of the participants. Regarding the inflammatory process, an increase in C-reactive protein and a reduction in IL-10 were observed. With respect to hormonal markers, an increase in cortisol and reduced levels of free T4 and bioavailable testosterone were found after exposure, with recovery of testosterone levels in the final week of training. Thermoregulatory adaptation of the organism has been associated with changes in heat flow in the organism in people subjected to extreme temperatures, with emphasis on the performance of the lower limbs. Our findings demonstrate an inflammatory response with hormonal changes after exposure to fire and an adaptive response of thermal balance, which could aid understanding of the physiology of the human body in extreme situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.C. Boggi
- ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Fire Department, Escola Superior de Bombeiros -– Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo, Franco da Rocha, Brazil
| | - J.B. do Amaral
- ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A.L.L. Bacchi
- ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V.M. Nascimento
- Fire Department, Escola Superior de Bombeiros -– Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo, Franco da Rocha, Brazil
| | - R.L. Voegels
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J.M.B. dos Santos
- ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Science of Human and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil
| | - G. Grimaldi
- Hospital da Polícia Militar, Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - V. Pavão
- Fire Department, Escola Superior de Bombeiros -– Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo, Franco da Rocha, Brazil
| | - D.A. Passaretti
- Fire Department, Escola Superior de Bombeiros -– Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo, Franco da Rocha, Brazil
| | - A. Aldred
- Predikta Soluções em Pesquisa LTDA, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G. Gomes
- Predikta Soluções em Pesquisa LTDA, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R. Pezato
- ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centre of Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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2
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Lüscher B, Ahel I, Altmeyer M, Ashworth A, Bai P, Chang P, Cohen M, Corda D, Dantzer F, Daugherty MD, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, Deindl S, Fehr AR, Feijs KLH, Filippov DV, Gagné JP, Grimaldi G, Guettler S, Hoch NC, Hottiger MO, Korn P, Kraus WL, Ladurner A, Lehtiö L, Leung AKL, Lord CJ, Mangerich A, Matic I, Matthews J, Moldovan GL, Moss J, Natoli G, Nielsen ML, Niepel M, Nolte F, Pascal J, Paschal BM, Pawłowski K, Poirier GG, Smith S, Timinszky G, Wang ZQ, Yélamos J, Yu X, Zaja R, Ziegler M. ADP-ribosyltransferases, an update on function and nomenclature. FEBS J 2022; 289:7399-7410. [PMID: 34323016 PMCID: PMC9027952 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation, a modification of proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, confers broad functions, including roles in stress responses elicited, for example, by DNA damage and viral infection and is involved in intra- and extracellular signaling, chromatin and transcriptional regulation, protein biosynthesis, and cell death. ADP-ribosylation is catalyzed by ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs), which transfer ADP-ribose from NAD+ onto substrates. The modification, which occurs as mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation, is reversible due to the action of different ADP-ribosylhydrolases. Importantly, inhibitors of ARTs are approved or are being developed for clinical use. Moreover, ADP-ribosylhydrolases are being assessed as therapeutic targets, foremost as antiviral drugs and for oncological indications. Due to the development of novel reagents and major technological advances that allow the study of ADP-ribosylation in unprecedented detail, an increasing number of cellular processes and pathways are being identified that are regulated by ADP-ribosylation. In addition, characterization of biochemical and structural aspects of the ARTs and their catalytic activities have expanded our understanding of this protein family. This increased knowledge requires that a common nomenclature be used to describe the relevant enzymes. Therefore, in this viewpoint, we propose an updated and broadly supported nomenclature for mammalian ARTs that will facilitate future discussions when addressing the biochemistry and biology of ADP-ribosylation. This is combined with a brief description of the main functions of mammalian ARTs to illustrate the increasing diversity of mono- and poly-ADP-ribose mediated cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Matthias Altmeyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alan Ashworth
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Michael Cohen
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Daniela Corda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matthew D Daugherty
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sebastian Deindl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Anthony R Fehr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Karla L H Feijs
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Gagné
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sebastian Guettler
- Divisions of Structural Biology and Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
| | - Nicolas C Hoch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Korn
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - W Lee Kraus
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andreas Ladurner
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lari Lehtiö
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Anthony K L Leung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Lord
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Ivan Matic
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jason Matthews
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - George-Lucian Moldovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Joel Moss
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Michael L Nielsen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Friedrich Nolte
- Institut für Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - John Pascal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Bryce M Paschal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Krzysztof Pawłowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guy G Poirier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Susan Smith
- Department of Pathology, Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Gyula Timinszky
- Lendület Laboratory of DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Germany
| | - José Yélamos
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Roko Zaja
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
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Di Paola S, Matarese M, Barretta ML, Dathan N, Colanzi A, Corda D, Grimaldi G. PARP10 Mediates Mono-ADP-Ribosylation of Aurora-A Regulating G2/M Transition of the Cell Cycle. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5210. [PMID: 36358629 PMCID: PMC9659153 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases (mono-ARTs) catalyze the covalent attachment of a single ADP-ribose molecule to protein substrates, thus regulating their functions. PARP10 is a soluble mono-ART involved in the modulation of intracellular signaling, metabolism and apoptosis. PARP10 also participates in the regulation of the G1- and S-phase of the cell cycle. However, the role of this enzyme in G2/M progression is not defined. In this study, we found that genetic ablation, protein depletion and pharmacological inhibition of PARP10 cause a delay in the G2/M transition of the cell cycle. Moreover, we found that the mitotic kinase Aurora-A, a previously identified PARP10 substrate, is actively mono-ADP-ribosylated (MARylated) during G2/M transition in a PARP10-dependent manner. Notably, we showed that PARP10-mediated MARylation of Aurora-A enhances the activity of the kinase in vitro. Consistent with an impairment in the endogenous activity of Aurora-A, cells lacking PARP10 show a decreased localization of the kinase on the centrosomes and mitotic spindle during G2/M progression. Taken together, our data provide the first evidence of a direct role played by PARP10 in the progression of G2 and mitosis, an event that is strictly correlated to the endogenous MARylation of Aurora-A, thus proposing a novel mechanism for the modulation of Aurora-A kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Di Paola
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Matarese
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Barretta
- National Research Council (CNR), Piazzale Aldo Moro, 700185 Rome, Italy
- Steril Farma Srl, Via L. Da Vinci 128, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Nina Dathan
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Grimaldi
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
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Castelluccia A, Marchesano D, Grimaldi G, Annessi I, Bianciardi F, Di Palma A, Confaloni V, Rea F, Tolu B, Valentino M, Verna L, Rago M, Borrazzo C, Capone L, Masi M, El Gawhary R, Gentile P. PO-1401 MR-guided adaptive versus CT-guided SBRT for prostate cancer: where is cost-benefit balance? Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)03365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Castelluccia A, Marchesano D, Grimaldi G, Annessi I, Bianciardi F, Borrazzo C, Di Palma A, El Gawhary R, Masi M, Rago M, Valentino M, Verna L, Gentile P. PD-0495 Stereotactic MR-guided Adaptive RT for rectal cancer: toxicity, radiological & pathological response. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)02866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Castelluccia A, Marchesano D, Grimaldi G, Annessi I, Bianciardi F, Di Palma A, Valentino M, Verna L, Confaloni V, Rea F, Tolu B, Borrazzo C, Rago M, Masi M, El Gawhary R, Gentile P. MR-guided adaptive versus CT-guided stereotactic radiotherapy for prostate cancer: Where is the best cost-benefit balance? Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)01037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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7
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Cavallo F, Capone L, Gennuso N, Abate G, Grimaldi G, Allegretta S, Russo I, Gentile P. PO-1947 catching opportunity from voxel evaluation of follow-up PET/CT imaging in SBRT of lung lesions. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)08398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Polichetti M, Galluzzi A, Buchkov K, Tomov V, Nazarova E, Leo A, Grimaldi G, Pace S. A precursor mechanism triggering the second magnetization peak phenomenon in superconducting materials. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7247. [PMID: 33790359 PMCID: PMC8012359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The correlation in type-II superconductors between the creep rate S and the Second Magnetization Peak (SMP) phenomenon which produces an increase in Jc, as a function of the field (H), has been investigated at different temperatures by starting from the minimum in S(H) and the onset of the SMP phenomenon detected on a FeSe0.5Te0.5 sample. Then the analysis has been extended by considering the entire S(H) curves and comparing our results with those of many other superconducting materials reported in literature. In this way, we find evidence that the flux dynamic mechanisms behind the appearance of the SMP phenomenon in Jc(H) are activated at fields well below those where the critical current starts effectively to increase. Moreover, the found universal relation between the minimum in the S(H) and the SMP phenomenon in Jc(H) shows that both can be attributed to a sequential crossover between a less effective pinning (losing its effectiveness at low fields) to a more effective pinning (still acting at high fields), regardless of the type-II superconductor taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Polichetti
- Department of Physics "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - A Galluzzi
- Department of Physics "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - K Buchkov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko Chaussee, 1784, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl. 109, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - V Tomov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko Chaussee, 1784, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - E Nazarova
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko Chaussee, 1784, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A Leo
- Department of Physics "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - G Grimaldi
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - S Pace
- Department of Physics "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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9
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Galluzzi A, Buchkov K, Nazarova E, Tomov V, Grimaldi G, Leo A, Pace S, Polichetti M. Pinning energy and anisotropy properties of a Fe(Se, Te) iron based superconductor. Nanotechnology 2019; 30:254001. [PMID: 30831561 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0c23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The measurements of DC magnetization M as a function of magnetic field (H) and time (t) have been performed in order to study the superconducting and pinning properties of a Fe(Se, Te) iron based superconductor fabricated by means of the Bridgman technique. By performing the superconducting hysteresis loops M(H) at different temperatures in the case of perpendicular and parallel field, the critical current density Jc (H) has been extracted in the framework of the Bean critical state model for both configurations. The Jc (H) curves have shown the presence of the second magnetization peak effect that causes an anomalous increase in the field dependence of the critical current density. In order to obtain the Jc anisotropy of the sample, we have performed the ratio between perpendicular and parallel critical current density values [Formula: see text] and compared its values with the literature ones. The information regarding the pinning energy U have been extracted by means of the relaxation of the irreversible magnetization M(t) in the case H∣∣c. In particular, performing relaxation measurements at different temperatures and magnetic fields, the temperature dependence of the pinning energy U(T) at different magnetic fields has been obtained showing an anomalous temperature scaling of the curves. The presence of a maximum in the U(T) curves suggests a pinning crossover at a given field and temperature H cr(T). The H cr(T) values have been fitted with the equation H cr(T) = H cr(0) (1 - T/T*) n whose results confirm the correlation between the elastic/plastic crossover and the end of the peak effect phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Galluzzi
- Department of Physics 'E.R. Caianiello', University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano (SALERNO), I-84084, Italy. CNR-SPIN Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano (SALERNO), I-84084, Italy
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10
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Grimaldi G, Catara G, Palazzo L, Corteggio A, Valente C, Corda D. PARPs and PAR as novel pharmacological targets for the treatment of stress granule-associated disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 167:64-75. [PMID: 31102582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among the post-translational modifications, ADP-ribosylation has been for long time the least integrated in the scheme of the structural protein modifications affecting physiological functions. In spite of the original findings on bacterial-dependent ADP-ribosylation catalysed by toxins such as cholera and pertussis toxin, only with the discovery of the poly-ADP-ribosyl polymerase (PARP) family the field has finally expanded and the role of ADP-ribosylation has been recognised in both physiological and pathological processes, including cancer, infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. This is now a rapidly expanding field of investigation, centred on the role of the different PARPs and their substrates in various diseases, and on the potential of PARP inhibitors as novel pharmacological tools to be employed in relevant pathological context. In this review we analyse the role that members of the PARP family and poly-ADP-ribose (PAR; the product of PARP1 and PARP5a activity) play in the processes following the exposure of cells to different stresses. The cell response that arises following conditions such as heat, osmotic, oxidative stresses or viral infection relies on the formation of stress granules, which are transient cytoplasmic membrane-less structures, that include untranslated mRNA, specific proteins and PAR, this last one serving as the "collector" of all components (that bind to it in a non-covalent manner). The resulting phenotypes are cells in which translation, intracellular transport or pro-apoptotic pathways are reversibly inhibited, for the time the given stress holds. Interestingly, the formation of defective stress granules has been detected in diverse pathological conditions including neurological disorders and cancer. Analysing the molecular details of stress granule formation under these conditions offers a novel view on the pathogenesis of these diseases and, as a consequence, the possibility of identifying novel drug targets for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Grimaldi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Catara
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Luca Palazzo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Annunziata Corteggio
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Carmen Valente
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy.
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11
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Ferella L, Vittorini F, Varrassi E, Franzese P, Di Staso M, Marampon F, Sorce C, Chalaszczyk A, Grimaldi G, Di Cesare E, Orlandi E, Tombolini V, Masciocchi C, Gravina G. EP-1187 Different carotid contouring results in dosimetric variability and significant anatomical missing. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31607-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Ferella L, Vittorini F, Varrassi E, Franzese P, Di Staso M, Marampon F, Sorce C, Chalaszczyk A, Grimaldi G, Di Cesare E, Orlandi E, Tombolini V, Masciocchi C, Gravina G. EP-1186 The new target delineation impact on carotid and bulb sparing for T1 glottic cancer: VMAT vs 3DCRT. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31606-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Chalaszczyk A, Sorce C, Grimaldi G, Vittorini F, Varrassi E, Franzese P, Ruggieri V, Ferella L, Marampon F, Gravina G. Cardiac sparing radiotherapy in left tangential breast irradiation: geometric conformity of chest wall and heart volume as useful clinical parameters for a tailored radiation approach. Breast 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(19)30299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
Aims and background The treatment of elderly patients with metastatic solid tumours is still a debated problem. Patients over 75 years are generally excluded from combination chemotherapy trials because of higher toxicity. Several clinical studies have shown that weekly low dose epirubicin is a well tolerated and effective treatment for elderly cancer patients (breast, prostate, lung). Methods We report a study of patients aged between 75 and 85 years affected by metastatic anthracyclines-sensible carcinomas, to assess the tolerance of epirubicin given weekly at a dose of 25 mg/m2. Results 25 patients (13 males, 12 females; ECOG P.S. 0-2) entered the study and were evaluable for side effects. One-hundred and ninety-six cycles of therapy have been administered. Side effects were never severe. Mucositis (9 patients), leucopenia (7 patients), anemia (5 patients) were usually of grade 1 or 2. Grade 1 cardiotoxicity (tachycardia) was observed in only one case. Grade 3 toxicity consisted in anemia (1 patient) and mucositis (1 patient), while grade 4 toxicity never occurred. Nineteen patients were evaluable for response: 0 CR, 4 PR (1 lung, 3 breast), 8 SD (3 lung, 3 breast, 2 prostate) have been observed. Compliance was encouraging and the majority of patients showed a decrease in symptoms and an improvement in performance status. Conclusions Weekly low-dose epirubicin is a very well tolerated treatment in elderly cancer patients. In view of the negligible toxicity encountered, it could be of utility to test this regimen in patients aged 75 years or older, affected by anthracyclines-sensible metastatic tumors, also to assess activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nicolella
- Medical Oncology Unit, Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy
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Grimaldi G, Eberspacher C, Romani AM, Merletti D, Maturo A, Pontone S, Pironi D. Modified transverse coloplasty pouch: new reconstruction techniques after total mesorectal excision. Our experience. G Chir 2018; 38:285-290. [PMID: 29442059 DOI: 10.11138/gchir/2017.38.6.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM The incidence of rectal cancer continues to rise. The functional results after complete Total Mesorectal Excision (TME) depend on the segment of colon used for reconstruction of colonic continuity and the form, the volume and the functional proprieties of the "neorectum". The aim of our study is evaluate the efficacy of our Modified Transverse Coloplasty Pouch (MTCP) after the treatment of low rectal cancer in terms of functional outcomes and quality of life. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 136 patients, underwent TME from January 2007 to December 2016 with diagnosis of extraperitoneal carcinoma of the rectum. The average distance of the tumor from the dentate line was 5.6 cm. Our follow-up protocol included functional outcome evaluation at 7th post-operative day (POD), 2nd month, and 6th month after the surgery. RESULTS All patients (M/F 84/52) underwent anterior rectal resection (TME) with MTCP. Frequency of bowel movements per 24 hours in the studied patients compared at 7th POD, 2 months, and 6 months. Since the first post-operative weeks there is an encouraging reduction of the frequency of bowel movements. CONCLUSION Modified Transverse Coloplasty Pouch (MTCP) had better functional results and quality of life compared to patients with a Colonic J Pouch (CJP) and traditional Transverse Coloplasty Pouch (TCP).
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Eberspacher C, Mascagni D, Fralleone L, Grimaldi G, Antypas P, Mascagni P, Maturo A, Di Matteo FM, Pontone S, Pironi D. Pilonidal disease mimicking anterior anal fistula and associated with posterior anal fistula: a two-step surgery. Case report. G Chir 2018; 38:313-317. [PMID: 29442064 DOI: 10.11138/gchir/2017.38.6.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM Anal fistula is a common disease originated from abscess according the cryptoglandular theory. A rare etiology is the pilonidal disease. In our case we observed a pilonidal disease mimicking an anterior perianal fistula, associated with another posterior anal fistula. CASE PRESENTATION A 36-year old man was referred to our department with an anal fistula with an anterior opening. Despite the clinical examination and the endoanal ultrasound, only during the surgery we discovered the origin of the anterior fistula from a misdiagnosed pilonidal sinus. There was also a posterior anal fistula in communication with the same abscess of the anterior one. We performed a two-step surgery with a first fistulectomy of the anterior tract, a drainage of abscess and the positioning of a seton for the posterior fistula. After about one month and the fall of the seton we evaluate the good healing of posterior anal fistula and excised the residual pilonidal sinus. CONCLUSION This misdiagnosed pilonidal disease created in our clinical report a true challenge. Our goal was to eliminate as much disease as possible, but also to avoid major complications or recurrences. We refused an aggressive approach and chose a two-step surgery, with in the first approach not only a demolitive time but also a reconstruction to facilitate healing, and in the second time the complete eradication of the pathology.
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Colombo APV, Paster BJ, Grimaldi G, Lourenço TGB, Teva A, Campos-Neto A, McCluskey J, Kleanthous H, Van Dyke TE, Stashenko P. Clinical and microbiological parameters of naturally occurring periodontitis in the non-human primate Macaca mulatta. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1403843. [PMID: 29805776 PMCID: PMC5963701 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1403843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-human primates appear to represent the most faithful model of human disease, but to date the oral microbiome in macaques has not been fully characterized using next-generation sequencing. Objective: In the present study, we characterized the clinical and microbiological features of naturally occurring periodontitis in non-human primates (Macaca mulatta). Design: Clinical parameters of periodontitis including probing pocket depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured in 40 adult macaques (7–22 yrs), at six sites per tooth. Subgingival plaque was collected from diseased and healthy sites, and subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing and identification at the species or higher taxon level. Results: All macaques had mild periodontitis at minimum, with numerous sites of PD ≥ 4 mm and BOP. A subset (14/40) had moderate-severe disease, with >2 sites with PD ≥ 5mm, deeper mean PD, and more BOP. Animals with mild vs moderate-severe disease were identical in age, suggesting genetic heterogeneity. 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that all macaques had species that were identical to those in humans or closely related to human counterparts, including Porphyromonas gingivalis which was present in all animals. Diseased and healthy sites harboured distinct microbiomes; however there were no significant differences in the microbiomes in moderate-severe vs. mild periodontitis. Conclusions: Naturally occurring periodontitis in older macaques closely resembles human adult periodontitis, thus validating a useful model to evaluate novel anti-microbial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P V Colombo
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B J Paster
- Departments of Microbiology and Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Grimaldi
- Department of Immunology, Fiocruz Primate Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - T G B Lourenço
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Teva
- Department of Immunology, Fiocruz Primate Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Campos-Neto
- Departments of Microbiology and Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - T E Van Dyke
- Departments of Microbiology and Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P Stashenko
- Departments of Microbiology and Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Catara G, Grimaldi G, Schembri L, Spano D, Turacchio G, Lo Monte M, Beccari AR, Valente C, Corda D. PARP1-produced poly-ADP-ribose causes the PARP12 translocation to stress granules and impairment of Golgi complex functions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14035. [PMID: 29070863 PMCID: PMC5656619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-ADP-ribose-polymerases (PARPs) 1 and 2 are nuclear enzymes that catalyze the poly-ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins transferring poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) polymers to specific residues. PARPs and PAR intervene in diverse functions, including DNA repair in the nucleus and stress granule assembly in the cytoplasm. Stress granules contribute to the regulation of translation by clustering and stabilizing mRNAs as well as several cytosolic PARPs and signaling proteins to modulate cell metabolism and survival. Our study is focused on one of these PARPs, PARP12, a Golgi-localized mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase that under stress challenge reversibly translocates from the Golgi complex to stress granules. PARP1 activation and release of nuclear PAR drive this translocation by direct PAR binding to the PARP12-WWE domain. Thus, PAR formation functionally links the activity of the nuclear and cytosolic PARPs during stress response, determining the release of PARP12 from the Golgi complex and the disassembly of the Golgi membranes, followed by a block in anterograde-membrane traffic. Notably, these functions can be rescued by reverting the stress condition (by drug wash-out). Altogether these data point at a novel, reversible nuclear signaling that senses stress to then act on cytosolic PARP12, which in turn converts the stress response into a reversible block in intracellular-membrane traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Catara
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Italy
| | - Giovanna Grimaldi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Italy.
| | - Laura Schembri
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Italy
| | - Daniela Spano
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Italy
| | - Gabriele Turacchio
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Italy
| | - Matteo Lo Monte
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Italy
| | - Andrea Rosario Beccari
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Italy.,Dompé Farmaceutici SpA Research Center, L'Aquila, Via Campo di Pile, 67100, Italy
| | - Carmen Valente
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Italy.
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Italy.
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20
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Driessen A, Tjardes T, Eikermann C, Trojan S, Fröhlich M, Grimaldi G, Kosse N. [Left ventricular projectile migration after an accidental close-range gunshot wound]. Unfallchirurg 2016; 119:604-8. [PMID: 27286982 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-016-0197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 24-year-old female after sustaining a shotgun wound in the left upper extremity and chest. Initial emergency diagnostics revealed numerous shotgun pellets scattered throughout the left-side soft tissue, chest and upper lung lobe with one pellet having migrated into the left ventricle of the heart.Due to the devastating injury pattern, gunshot wounds are interdisciplinarily challenging and should include extended initial diagnostics, such as contrast agent CT. The potential toxicity of elevated lead blood levels have to be taken into further account.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Driessen
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfallchirurgie und Sporttraumatologie, Krankenhaus Köln Merheim, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten/Herdecke, Deutschland.
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland.
- Institut für Forschung in der operativen Medizin (IFOM), Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten/Herdecke, Deutschland.
| | - T Tjardes
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfallchirurgie und Sporttraumatologie, Krankenhaus Köln Merheim, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten/Herdecke, Deutschland
| | - C Eikermann
- Klinik für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Krankenhaus Köln Merheim, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten/Herdecke, Deutschland
| | - S Trojan
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Krankenhaus Köln Merheim, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Köln, Deutschland
| | - M Fröhlich
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfallchirurgie und Sporttraumatologie, Krankenhaus Köln Merheim, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten/Herdecke, Deutschland
- Institut für Forschung in der operativen Medizin (IFOM), Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten/Herdecke, Deutschland
| | - G Grimaldi
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfallchirurgie und Sporttraumatologie, Krankenhaus Köln Merheim, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten/Herdecke, Deutschland
| | - N Kosse
- Lungenklinik Köln Merheim, Zentrum für Thoraxchirurgie, Pneumologie/Onkologie und Schlaf- und Beatmungsmedizin, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Köln, Deutschland
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Riso V, Cammisa M, Kukreja H, Anvar Z, Verde G, Sparago A, Acurzio B, Lad S, Lonardo E, Sankar A, Helin K, Feil R, Fico A, Angelini C, Grimaldi G, Riccio A. ZFP57 maintains the parent-of-origin-specific expression of the imprinted genes and differentially affects non-imprinted targets in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:8165-78. [PMID: 27257070 PMCID: PMC5041456 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
ZFP57 is necessary for maintaining repressive epigenetic modifications at Imprinting control regions (ICRs). In mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), ZFP57 binds ICRs (ICRBS) and many other loci (non-ICRBS). To address the role of ZFP57 on all its target sites, we performed high-throughput and multi-locus analyses of inbred and hybrid mouse ESC lines carrying different gene knockouts. By using an allele-specific RNA-seq approach, we demonstrate that ZFP57 loss results in derepression of the imprinted allele of multiple genes in the imprinted clusters. We also find marked epigenetic differences between ICRBS and non-ICRBS suggesting that different cis-acting regulatory functions are repressed by ZFP57 at these two classes of target loci. Overall, these data demonstrate that ZFP57 is pivotal to maintain the allele-specific epigenetic modifications of ICRs that in turn are necessary for maintaining the imprinted expression over long distances. At non-ICRBS, ZFP57 inactivation results in acquisition of epigenetic features that are characteristic of poised enhancers, suggesting that another function of ZFP57 in early embryogenesis is to repress cis-acting regulatory elements whose activity is not yet required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Riso
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Marco Cammisa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Harpreet Kukreja
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Zahra Anvar
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Gaetano Verde
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Sparago
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Basilia Acurzio
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Shraddha Lad
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Enza Lonardo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Aditya Sankar
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Center for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Helin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark The Danish Stem Cell Center (Danstem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Feil
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGMM), CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Annalisa Fico
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Angelini
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo 'Mauro Picone' (IAC), CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Grimaldi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l., 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Anvar Z, Cammisa M, Riso V, Baglivo I, Kukreja H, Sparago A, Girardot M, Lad S, De Feis I, Cerrato F, Angelini C, Feil R, Pedone PV, Grimaldi G, Riccio A. ZFP57 recognizes multiple and closely spaced sequence motif variants to maintain repressive epigenetic marks in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:1118-32. [PMID: 26481358 PMCID: PMC4756812 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprinting Control Regions (ICRs) need to maintain their parental allele-specific DNA methylation during early embryogenesis despite genome-wide demethylation and subsequent de novo methylation. ZFP57 and KAP1 are both required for maintaining the repressive DNA methylation and H3-lysine-9-trimethylation (H3K9me3) at ICRs. In vitro, ZFP57 binds a specific hexanucleotide motif that is enriched at its genomic binding sites. We now demonstrate in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that SNPs disrupting closely-spaced hexanucleotide motifs are associated with lack of ZFP57 binding and H3K9me3 enrichment. Through a transgenic approach in mouse ESCs, we further demonstrate that an ICR fragment containing three ZFP57 motif sequences recapitulates the original methylated or unmethylated status when integrated into the genome at an ectopic position. Mutation of Zfp57 or the hexanucleotide motifs led to loss of ZFP57 binding and DNA methylation of the transgene. Finally, we identified a sequence variant of the hexanucleotide motif that interacts with ZFP57 both in vivo and in vitro. The presence of multiple and closely located copies of ZFP57 motif variants emerges as a distinct characteristic that is required for the faithful maintenance of repressive epigenetic marks at ICRs and other ZFP57 binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Anvar
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Marco Cammisa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Riso
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Ilaria Baglivo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Harpreet Kukreja
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Angela Sparago
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Michael Girardot
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGMM), CNRS UMR5535 and University of Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Shraddha Lad
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Italia De Feis
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo 'Mauro Picone' (IAC), CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Cerrato
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Claudia Angelini
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo 'Mauro Picone' (IAC), CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Robert Feil
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGMM), CNRS UMR5535 and University of Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Paolo V Pedone
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Giovanna Grimaldi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l., 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Grimaldi G, Corda D, Catara G. From toxins to mammalian enzymes: the diversity of mono-ADP-ribosylation. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2015; 20:389-404. [PMID: 25553457 DOI: 10.2741/4315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ADP-ribosylation of proteins is a phylogenetically ancient mechanism that involves the transfer of ADP-ribose from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) to specific amino acids of target proteins post-translationally. In the first part of this review, we briefly describe ADP-ribosylation as the mechanism of action of toxins, while giving particular emphasis to a non-conventional ADP-ribosylation reaction that is mediated by the fungal toxin brefeldin A (BFA). This modification results in the loss of the membrane fission activity of the C-terminal binding protein (CtBP)1/ BFA-ADP-ribosylated substrate (BARS), thus blocking progression of cells into mitosis, with important implications for the design of new anticancer drugs. In addition, we summarize the most recent findings on mammalian, intracellular mono-ADP-ribosyl transferase enzymes, underlining the emerging functional roles in which they are involved, including immune responses, transcriptional regulation, stress responses, cell survival. The observation that several mono-ADP-ribosyl transferases, such as PARP-10, PARP-12, PARP-13, are involved in a range of physiological processes points at the multifunctional feature of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Grimaldi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Catara
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Buricchi F, Giannoni E, Grimaldi G, Parri M, Raugei G, Ramponi G, Chiarugi P. Redox Regulation of Ephrin/Integrin Cross-Talk. Cell Adh Migr 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/cam.3911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Grimaldi G, Argyropoulos GP, Boehringer A, Celnik P, Edwards MJ, Ferrucci R, Galea JM, Groiss SJ, Hiraoka K, Kassavetis P, Lesage E, Manto M, Miall RC, Priori A, Sadnicka A, Ugawa Y, Ziemann U. Non-invasive cerebellar stimulation--a consensus paper. Cerebellum 2014; 13:121-38. [PMID: 23943521 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-013-0514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The field of neurostimulation of the cerebellum either with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS; single pulse or repetitive (rTMS)) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS; anodal or cathodal) is gaining popularity in the scientific community, in particular because these stimulation techniques are non-invasive and provide novel information on cerebellar functions. There is a consensus amongst the panel of experts that both TMS and tDCS can effectively influence cerebellar functions, not only in the motor domain, with effects on visually guided tracking tasks, motor surround inhibition, motor adaptation and learning, but also for the cognitive and affective operations handled by the cerebro-cerebellar circuits. Verbal working memory, semantic associations and predictive language processing are amongst these operations. Both TMS and tDCS modulate the connectivity between the cerebellum and the primary motor cortex, tuning cerebellar excitability. Cerebellar TMS is an effective and valuable method to evaluate the cerebello-thalamo-cortical loop functions and for the study of the pathophysiology of ataxia. In most circumstances, DCS induces a polarity-dependent site-specific modulation of cerebellar activity. Paired associative stimulation of the cerebello-dentato-thalamo-M1 pathway can induce bidirectional long-term spike-timing-dependent plasticity-like changes of corticospinal excitability. However, the panel of experts considers that several important issues still remain unresolved and require further research. In particular, the role of TMS in promoting cerebellar plasticity is not established. Moreover, the exact positioning of electrode stimulation and the duration of the after effects of tDCS remain unclear. Future studies are required to better define how DCS over particular regions of the cerebellum affects individual cerebellar symptoms, given the topographical organization of cerebellar symptoms. The long-term neural consequences of non-invasive cerebellar modulation are also unclear. Although there is an agreement that the clinical applications in cerebellar disorders are likely numerous, it is emphasized that rigorous large-scale clinical trials are missing. Further studies should be encouraged to better clarify the role of using non-invasive neurostimulation techniques over the cerebellum in motor, cognitive and psychiatric rehabilitation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Grimaldi
- Unité d'Etude du Mouvement, Hôpital Erasme-ULB, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070, Brussels, Belgium,
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26
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Cirillo A, Di Salle A, Petillo O, Melone MAB, Grimaldi G, Bellotti A, Torelli G, De' Santi MS, Cantatore G, Marinelli A, Galderisi U, Peluso G. High grade glioblastoma is associated with aberrant expression of ZFP57, a protein involved in gene imprinting, and of CPT1A and CPT1C that regulate fatty acid metabolism. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:735-41. [PMID: 24618825 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.28408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of glioblastoma is still based on tumor histology, but emerging molecular diagnosis is becoming an important part of glioblastoma classification. Besides the well-known cell cycle-related circuitries that are associated with glioblastoma onset and development, new insights may be derived by looking at pathways involved in regulation of epigenetic phenomena and cellular metabolism, which may both be highly deregulated in cancer cells. We evaluated if in glioblastoma patients the high grade of malignancy could be associated with aberrant expression of some genes involved in regulation of epigenetic phenomena and lipid metabolism. We measured the mRNA levels of ZFP57, TRIM28, CPT1A, CPT1B, and CPT1C in a cohort of 80 patients divided in two groups: grade II and grade IV. We evidenced that high grade glioblastoma is associated with increased level of ZFP57, a protein involved in gene imprinting, and aberrant expression of CPT1A and CPT1C, regulators of fatty acid oxidation. Our study may pave the way to identify new markers that could be potentially useful for diagnosis and/or prognosis of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Di Salle
- Institute of Biomedicine and Bioresources; CNR; Naples, Italy
| | | | - Mariarosa A B Melone
- Institute of Biomedicine and Bioresources; CNR; Naples, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Grimaldi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso"; CNR; Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giovanna Cantatore
- PO "Santa Maria di Loreto Mare"; Napoli, Italy; UO of Neurosurgery; AOU "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi di Aragona"; Salerno, Italy
| | - Alfredo Marinelli
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical and Molecular Oncology; University "Federico II"; Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Institute of Biomedicine and Bioresources; CNR; Naples, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; Naples, Italy
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27
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Baglivo I, Esposito S, De Cesare L, Sparago A, Anvar Z, Riso V, Cammisa M, Fattorusso R, Grimaldi G, Riccio A, Pedone PV. Genetic and epigenetic mutations affect the DNA binding capability of human ZFP57 in transient neonatal diabetes type 1. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1474-81. [PMID: 23499433 PMCID: PMC3655262 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the mouse, ZFP57 contains three classical Cys2His2 zinc finger domains (ZF) and recognizes the methylated TGCmetCGC target sequence using the first and the second ZFs. In this study, we demonstrate that the human ZFP57 (hZFP57) containing six Cys2His2 ZFs, binds the same methylated sequence through the third and the fourth ZFs, and identify the aminoacids critical for DNA interaction. In addition, we present evidences indicating that hZFP57 mutations and hypomethylation of the TNDM1 ICR both associated with Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus type 1 result in loss of hZFP57 binding to the TNDM1 locus, likely causing PLAGL1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Baglivo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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28
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Quenneville S, Verde G, Corsinotti A, Kapopoulou A, Jakobsson J, Offner S, Baglivo I, Pedone PV, Grimaldi G, Riccio A, Trono D. In embryonic stem cells, ZFP57/KAP1 recognize a methylated hexanucleotide to affect chromatin and DNA methylation of imprinting control regions. Mol Cell 2011; 44:361-72. [PMID: 22055183 PMCID: PMC3210328 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of H3K9 and DNA methylation at imprinting control regions (ICRs) during early embryogenesis is key to the regulation of imprinted genes. Here, we reveal that ZFP57, its cofactor KAP1, and associated effectors bind selectively to the H3K9me3-bearing, DNA-methylated allele of ICRs in ES cells. KAP1 deletion induces a loss of heterochromatin marks at ICRs, whereas deleting ZFP57 or DNMTs leads to ICR DNA demethylation. Accordingly, we find that ZFP57 and KAP1 associated with DNMTs and hemimethylated DNA-binding NP95. Finally, we identify the methylated TGCCGC hexanucleotide as the motif that is recognized by ZFP57 in all ICRs and in several tens of additional loci, several of which are at least ZFP57-dependently methylated in ES cells. These results significantly advance our understanding of imprinting and suggest a general mechanism for the protection of specific loci against the wave of DNA demethylation that affects the mammalian genome during early embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Quenneville
- School of Life Sciences and Frontiers in Genetics Program, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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29
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Rocon E, Gallego JA, Barrios L, Victoria AR, Ibanez J, Farina D, Negro F, Dideriksen JL, Conforto S, D'Alessio T, Severini G, Belda-Lois JM, Popovic LZ, Grimaldi G, Manto M, Pons JL. Multimodal BCI-mediated FES suppression of pathological tremor. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2011; 2010:3337-40. [PMID: 21097230 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2010.5627914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tremor constitutes the most common movement disorder; in fact 14.5% of population between 50 to 89 years old suffers from it. Moreover, 65% of patients with upper limb tremor report disability when performing their activities of daily living (ADL). Unfortunately, 25% of patients do not respond to drugs or neurosurgery. In this regard, TREMOR project proposes functional compensation of upper limb tremors with a soft wearable robot that applies biomechanical loads through functional electrical stimulation (FES) of muscles. This wearable robot is driven by a Brain Neural Computer Interface (BNCI). This paper presents a multimodal BCI to assess generation, transmission and execution of both volitional and tremorous movements based on electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG) and inertial sensors (IMUs). These signals are combined to obtain: 1) the intention to perform a voluntary movement from cortical activity (EEG), 2) tremor onset, and an estimation of tremor frequency from muscle activation (EMG), and 3) instantaneous tremor amplitude and frequency from kinematic measurements (IMUs). Integration of this information will provide control signals to drive the FES-based wearable robot.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rocon
- Bioengineering Group, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Intiso D, Amoruso L, Zarrelli M, Pazienza L, Basciani M, Grimaldi G, Iarossi A, Di Rienzo F. Long-term functional outcome and health status of patients with critical illness polyneuromyopathy. Acta Neurol Scand 2011; 123:211-9. [PMID: 20726842 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2010.01414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term functional outcome and health status of patients with critical illness polyneuromyopathy (CIPNM). METHOD AND SUBJECTS One hundred and twenty-four consecutive survival intensive care unit patients admitted to a neuro-rehabilitation Unit from January 2003 to December 2007 were identified. Patients with proven CIPNM by the electromyography were prospectively followed. The Barthel and modified Rankin Scales (mRS) were administered to all patients at baseline, discharge and follow-up. The SF-36 questionnaire was administered to ascertain health status. Each patient underwent an individually tailored rehabilitation therapy. RESULTS Forty-two subjects (23M, 19F, mean age 58.4 ± 13.9) were enrolled. Of these, 30 patients were diagnosed electrophysiologically with CIP, six with critical illness myopathy (CIM) and six with a finding combination of CIP and CIM (CIP/CIM) subtype. The mean Barthel scores at baseline, discharge and follow-up were 16.7 ± 8.6, 81.7 ± 16.4 and 86.7 ± 15.9 (P < 0.001) and the median mRS scores were 5 (IQR: 5-5), 3 (IQR: 0-5) and 1 (IQR: 0-5). The mean length of neuro-rehabilitation stay was 76.2 ± 28.1 days. The SF-36 questionnaire administered at follow-up (mean 31.7 ± 15.8 months), showed significantly lower values compared to Italian normative. CONCLUSION ICU patients with CIPNM treated in a neuro-rehabilitation setting resulted in a good functional outcome. Despite complete recovery, patients with CIPNM experienced difficulties in health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Intiso
- Scientific Institute 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
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31
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de-Campos SN, Souza-Lemos C, Teva A, Porrozzi R, Grimaldi G. Systemic and compartmentalised immune responses in a Leishmania braziliensis-macaque model of self-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 137:149-54. [PMID: 20546932 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have recently introduced a macaque (Macaca mulatta) model of Leishmania braziliensis-induced chronic granulomatous cutaneous lesions affecting the nasal mucosa. Using an L. braziliensis strain that produces self-healing dermal lesions in macaques, here we characterises the systemic and local cell-mediated immune responses that led to controlled growth of granulomas in the infected host. As detected using flow cytometry, more cytokine-producing T-cell subsets were observed in granuloma-derived leukocytes that were analysed directly ex vivo than in the in vitro-restimulated cells from the peripheral blood and skin-draining lymph nodes (dLNs). We demonstrate that antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)- or tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells are likely important for the immunological effectiveness of granulomas. However, their resolution can be ascribed to the concomitant recruitment of interleukin (IL)-10-producing CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells that suppress the effector T-cell-mediated inflammatory response. The findings confirm that the macaque model can be used to fully elucidate the regulatory mechanisms that may render granulomas inadequate for fighting intracellular pathogens, which will need to be considered in the development of any therapeutic strategy designed to prevent immune pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N de-Campos
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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32
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Grimaldi G, Leo A, Cirillo C, Attanasio C, Nigro A, Pace S. Magnetic field and temperature dependence of the critical vortex velocity in type-II superconducting films. J Phys Condens Matter 2009; 21:254207. [PMID: 21828431 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/25/254207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study the vortex dynamics in the instability regime induced by high dissipative states well above the critical current in Nb superconducting strips. The magnetic field and temperature behavior of the critical vortex velocity corresponding to the observed dynamic instability is ascribed to intrinsic non-equilibrium phenomena. The Larkin-Ovchinnikov (LO) theory of electronic instability in high velocity vortex motion has been applied to interpret the temperature dependence of the critical vortex velocity. The magnetic field dependence of the vortex critical velocity shows new features in the low-field regime not predicted by LO.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Grimaldi
- CNR-INFM Laboratorio Regionale SuperMat, Via Salvador Allende, I-84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
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33
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Grimaldi G, Lammertse P, Van Den Braber N, Meuleman J, Manto M. Effects of inertia and wrist oscillations on contralateral neurological postural tremor using the wristalyzer, a new myohaptic device. IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst 2008; 2:269-279. [PMID: 23853130 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2008.926726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Upper limb postural tremor consists of mechanical-reflex and central-neurogenic oscillations, superimposed upon a background of irregular fluctuations in muscle force. Muscle spindles play key-roles in the information flow to supra-spinal and spinal generators. Oscillations were delivered using a new generation portable myohaptic device, called ldquowristalyzer,rdquo taking into account the ergonomy of upper limbs and allowing a fine adjustment to each configuration of upper limb segments. The nominal torque of the first generation device is 4 Nm, with a maximal rotation velocity of 300 degrees/s and a range of motion of plusmn45 degrees. Reliability was assessed in basal condition and during loading conditions. We assessed the effects of the addition of inertia on postural tremor of the finger in a group of 26 neurological patients and the effects of wrist oscillations upon contralateral postural tremor in 6 control subjects and in 7 neurological patients exhibiting a postural tremor. Patients showed two different behaviors in response to inertia and exhibited an increased variability of postural tremor during fast oscillations (13.3 Hz). One patient with overactivity of the olivocerebellar pathways exhibited a drop in the peak frequency of more than 20%. The relative power of the 8-12 Hz subband was significantly higher in controls both in basal condition and during oscillations (p = 0.028 and p = 0.015, respectively). The second generation wristalyzer allows to investigate the effects of mechanical oscillations up to frequency of 50 Hz. This mechatronic device can assess the responsiveness of tremor generators to stimulation of muscle spindles and biomechanical loading. Potential applications are the monitoring of dysmetria under various inertial or damping conditions, the assessment of rigidity in Parkinson's disease and the characterization of voluntary muscle force.
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34
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Farrag A, Costantini A, Manna C, Grimaldi G. Recombinant HCG for triggering ovulation increases the rate of mature oocytes in women treated for ICSI. J Assist Reprod Genet 2008; 25:461-6. [PMID: 18925430 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-008-9262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a prospective randomized study in order to investigate the effect of recombinant HCG (rHCG) on oocyte nuclear and cytoplasm maturity compared to urinary HCG (uHCG), for inducing ovulation in women treated with ICSI for male factor infertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared 89 patients randomly assigned to one of the two study groups. Group A consisted of 42 women who received a subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of 250 microg rHCG and group B consisted of 47 patients receiving an intramuscular (i.m.) injection of 10,000 IU uHCG. RESULTS Patients treated with rHCG showed a rate of metaphase II oocytes, a number of metaphase II oocytes with mature cytoplasm and a rate of metaphase II oocytes with mature cytoplasm calculated from total MII oocytes statistically higher than in patients treated with uHCG. However this differences were not associated with a significantly better clinical outcome. CONCLUSION Our data show that in women treated with ICSI for male factor infertility, rHCG increases the rate of metaphase II oocytes, the number and the rate of MII oocytes with mature cytoplasm compared to uHCG. A larger study comparing transfer cycles of embryos all derived from oocytes with mature cytoplasm and transfer cycles of embryos all derived from oocytes with immature cytoplasm may be needed to clarify clinical correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Farrag
- Genesis - Grimaldi Medical group IVF Center, IVF/ICSI unit, Rome, Italy
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35
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Parri M, Buricchi F, Giannoni E, Grimaldi G, Mello T, Raugei G, Ramponi G, Chiarugi P. EphrinA1 activates a Src/focal adhesion kinase-mediated motility response leading to rho-dependent actino/myosin contractility. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:19619-28. [PMID: 17449913 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m701319200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph receptors and ephrin ligands are widely expressed in epithelial cells and mediate cell repulsive motility through heterotypic cell-cell interactions. Several Ephs, including EphA2, are greatly overexpressed in certain tumors, in correlation with poor prognosis and high vascularity in cancer tissues. The ability of several Eph receptors to regulate cell migration and invasion likely contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. We report here that in prostatic carcinoma cells ephrinA1 elicits a repulsive response that is executed through a Rho-dependent actino/myosin contractility activation, ultimately leading to retraction of the cell body. This appears to occur through assembly of an EphA2-associated complex involving the two kinases Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). EphrinA1-mediated repulsion leads to the selective phosphorylation of Tyr-576/577 of FAK, enhancing FAK kinase activity. The repulsive response elicited by ephrinA1 in prostatic carcinoma cells is mainly driven by a Rho-mediated phosphorylation of myosin light chain II, in which Src and FAK activation are required steps. Consequently, Src and FAK are upstream regulators of the overall response induced by ephrinA1/EphA2, instructing cells to retract the cell body and to move away, probably facilitating dissemination and tissue invasion of ephrin-sensitive carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Parri
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
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36
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Buricchi F, Giannoni E, Grimaldi G, Parri M, Raugei G, Ramponi G, Chiarugi P. Redox regulation of ephrin/integrin cross-talk. Cell Adh Migr 2007; 1:33-42. [PMID: 19262085 PMCID: PMC2633678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2006] [Revised: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions linking the Eph receptor tyrosine kinase and ephrin ligands transduce short-range repulsive signals regulating several motile biological processes including axon path-finding, angiogenesis and tumor growth. These ephrin-induced effects are believed to be mediated by alterations in actin dynamics and cytoskeleton reorganization. The members of the small Rho GTPase family elicit various effects on actin structures and are probably involved in Eph receptor-induced actin modulation. In particular, some ephrin ligands lead to a decrease in integrin-mediated cell adhesion and spread. Here we show that the ability of ephrinA1 to inhibit cell adhesion and spreading in prostatic carcinoma cells is strictly dependent on the decrease in the activity of the small GTPase Rac1. Given the recognized role of Rac-driven redox signaling for integrin function, reported to play an essential role in focal adhesion formation and in the overall organization of actin cytoskeleton, we investigated the possible involvement of oxidants in ephrinA1/EphA2 signaling. We now provide evidence that Reactive Oxygen Species are an integration point of the ephrinA1/integrin interplay. We identify redox circuitry in which the ephrinA1-mediated inhibition of Rac1 leads to a negative regulation of integrin redox signaling affecting the activity of the tyrosine phosphatase LMW-PTP. The enzyme in turn actively dephosphorylates its substrate p190RhoGAP, finally leading to RhoA activation. Altogether our data suggest a redox-based Rac-dependent upregulation of Rho activity, concurring with the inhibitory effect elicited by ephrinA1 on integrin-mediated adhesion strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Buricchi
- Department of Biochemical Science, Transfer and High Education “Study at molecular and clinical level of chronic, inflammatory, degenerative and neoplastic disorders for the development of novel therapies”; University of Florence; Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannoni
- Department of Biochemical Science, Transfer and High Education “Study at molecular and clinical level of chronic, inflammatory, degenerative and neoplastic disorders for the development of novel therapies”; University of Florence; Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Grimaldi
- Department of Biochemical Science, Transfer and High Education “Study at molecular and clinical level of chronic, inflammatory, degenerative and neoplastic disorders for the development of novel therapies”; University of Florence; Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Parri
- Department of Biochemical Science, Transfer and High Education “Study at molecular and clinical level of chronic, inflammatory, degenerative and neoplastic disorders for the development of novel therapies”; University of Florence; Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Raugei
- Center for Research, Transfer and High Education “Study at molecular and clinical level of chronic, inflammatory, degenerative and neoplastic disorders for the development of novel therapies”; University of Florence; Florence, Italy
| | - Giampietro Ramponi
- Center for Research, Transfer and High Education “Study at molecular and clinical level of chronic, inflammatory, degenerative and neoplastic disorders for the development of novel therapies”; University of Florence; Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Center for Research, Transfer and High Education “Study at molecular and clinical level of chronic, inflammatory, degenerative and neoplastic disorders for the development of novel therapies”; University of Florence; Florence, Italy
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37
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Abstract
The relentless evolution of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a severe neurodegenerative disorder of the upper and lower motoneurons, leads to an increasing level of disability. Most patients, during the course of the disease, become unable to attend the tertiary clinical care center and are thus prevented from enrolling in clinical trials or benefiting from specialized care and management. The main objective of this study was to verify whether the ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS) could be reliably administered by telephone to patients, when unable to attend the ALS clinic, or to their caregivers. ALSFRS is a validated instrument that assesses the functional status and the disease progression in ALS. We first administered the functional rating scale directly in the clinic to 30 patients, with definite or probable ALS, and to their respective caregivers, and found a very high agreement between the two groups for the total score and the majority of the rating items. Next, we showed, in both patients and caregivers, a high degree of correlation between the total score of the ALSFRS measured by telephone and that reported in the clinic. This indicates that ALSFRS is a reliable instrument for monitoring the disease progression in homebound patients, even when the person contacted by telephone is the caregiver. We also performed a telephone clinic, based on an unstructured interview, with 16 ALS patients at an advanced stage of the disease and unable to attend the ALS clinic. On some occasions, the person interviewed was the caregiver. The symptoms most frequently reported were a worsening of muscle strength, swallowing and breathing problems, constipation, and inability to clear lung secretions. Several patients asked for assistive and adaptive equipment. All patients and caregivers found the telephone clinic very useful and considered it a good complement to the management and care programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mannino
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, ALS Clinical Research Centre, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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38
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Mannini R, Rivieccio V, D'Auria S, Tanfani F, Ausili A, Facchiano A, Pedone C, Grimaldi G. Structure/function of KRAB repression domains: Structural properties of KRAB modules inferred from hydrodynamic, circular dichroism, and FTIR spectroscopic analyses. Proteins 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.21061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Porrozzi R, Pereira MS, Teva A, Volpini AC, Pinto MA, Marchevsky RS, Barbosa AA, Grimaldi G. Leishmania infantum-induced primary and challenge infections in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): a primate model for visceral leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2006; 100:926-37. [PMID: 16455120 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Revised: 11/03/2005] [Accepted: 11/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was experimentally induced in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) by intravenously inoculating 2 x 10(7)amastigotes/kg of body weight of Leishmania infantum. The macaques developed a systemic disease showing characteristic features of human VL such as fever, diarrhoea, body weight loss, anaemia, hypergammaglobulinaemia and transient lymphocytosis, as well as lymph node, liver and/or spleen enlargement. Nine weeks after infection, one primate showed pronounced weight loss, became moribund and was euthanized. The necropsy findings included granulomas composed of parasite-containing macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes. The remaining macaques had a sustained course of infection but developed a mild-to-moderate illness that subsequently showed evidence of self-cure. Of note, pathological findings included a typical cell-mediated immunity-induced granulomatous reaction that had an effect on the control of parasite replication. All infected monkeys responded with increased production of anti-Leishmania-specific IgG antibodies. Despite the fact that clinical resistance to L. infantum was not consistently associated with a parasite-specific cell-mediated immune response, drug-cured macaques from the primary infection acquired immunity to homologous re-infection. These findings point to the feasibility of using the L. infantum macaque model for pre-clinical evaluation of novel chemotherapeutics or vaccine candidates for human VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Porrozzi
- Departamento de Imunologia, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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40
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Mannini R, Rivieccio V, D'Auria S, Tanfani F, Ausili A, Facchiano A, Facchiano A, Pedone C, Grimaldi G. Structure/function of KRAB repression domains: Structural properties of KRAB modules inferred from hydrodynamic, circular dichroism, and FTIR spectroscopic analyses. Proteins 2005; 62:604-16. [PMID: 16385564 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The abundant zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) sharing the KRAB motif, a potent transcription repression domain, direct the assembly on templates of multiprotein repression complexes. A pivotal step in this pathway is the assembly of a KRAB domain-directed complex with a primary corepressor, KAP1/KRIP-1/TIF1beta. The structure/function dependence of KRAB/TIF1beta protein-protein interaction and properties of the complex, therefore, play pivotal roles in diverse cellular processes depending on KRAB-ZFPs regulation. KRAB domains are functionally bipartite. The 42 amino acid-long KRAB-A module, indeed, is necessary and sufficient for transcriptional repression and for the interaction with the tripartite RBCC region of TIF1beta, while the KRAB-B motif seems to potentiate the assembly of the complex. The structural properties of KRAB-A and KRAB-AB domains from the human ZNF2 protein have been investigated by characterizing highly purified lone (A) and composite (AB) modules. Hydrodynamic and spectroscopic features, investigated by means of gel filtration, circular dichroism, and infrared spectroscopy, provide evidence that both KRAB-A and KRAB-AB domains present low compactness, structural disorder, residual secondary structure content, flexibility, and tendency to molecular aggregation. Comparative analysis among KRAB-A and KRAB-AB modules suggests that the presence of the -B module may influence the properties of lone KRAB-A by affecting the structural flexibility and stability of the conformers. The combined experimental data and the intrinsic features of KRAB-A and KRAB-AB primary structures indicate a potential role of specific subregions within the modules in driving structural flexibility, which is proposed to be of importance for their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Mannini
- Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica Adriano Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Italy
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41
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Rivieccio V, Mannini R, Concilio L, D'Auria S, Pedone C, Grimaldi G. Expression, Purification and Partial Characterization of the Krüppel- Associated Box (KRAB) from the Human ZNF2 Protein. Protein Pept Lett 2005; 12:527-32. [PMID: 16101389 DOI: 10.2174/0929866054395833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Krüppel-associated box (KRAB) domain is a potent transcription repression bipartite domain, shared by over 400 zinc finger proteins in humans, involved in the regulation of many functions. KRAB domains are both physically and functionally bipartite (A and B modules). The lone KRAB-A and composite KRAB-AB domains from the human ZNF2 protein were over-expressed as recombinant proteins in E. coli, isolated and purified to homogeneity to investigate their structure to function relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Rivieccio
- Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica A. Buzzati Traverso, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy
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42
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Teva A, Porrozzi R, Cupolillo E, Pirmez C, Oliveira-Neto MP, Grimaldi G. Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis-induced chronic granulomatous cutaneous lesions affecting the nasal mucosa in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) model. Parasitology 2004; 127:437-47. [PMID: 14653533 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182003004037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present studies on infections with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in rhesus macaques were made to characterize the evolution of different parasite strains and the immune responses they elicited in this experimental host. A standardized inoculum of promastigotes was injected intradermally either above the eyelid or on the forearm of each monkey. Sixteen infected monkeys developed longstanding infections which lasted until the end of the observation period (33 months). The time required for lesion development was very variable, not only for the isolates showing molecular differences but also for individual animals in groups infected with the same parasite strain. The inocula produced lesions of variable severity, ranging from localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) with a tendency to spontaneous healing to non-healing disease. One infected animal developed persistent metastatic skin and mucosal lesions. Anti-Leishmania antibodies and parasite-specific T-cell responses were induced by the experimental infections. As the granulomatous inflammatory response found at the lesions in L. (V.) braziliensis-infected M. mulatta was similar to that in patients with CL, this primate model could be useful for studying the pathophysiology and immunoregulatory events associated with disease evolution, as well as for the evaluation of new drugs or candidate vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Protozoan/blood
- DNA, Protozoan/chemistry
- DNA, Protozoan/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Genetic Variation
- Genotype
- Granuloma/immunology
- Granuloma/parasitology
- Granuloma/pathology
- Histocytochemistry
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/parasitology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/pathology
- Interferon-gamma/blood
- Leishmania braziliensis/genetics
- Leishmania braziliensis/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/parasitology
- Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/pathology
- Macaca mulatta
- Male
- Nasal Mucosa/immunology
- Nasal Mucosa/parasitology
- Nasal Mucosa/pathology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- A Teva
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil
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43
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Amaral VF, Teva A, Oliveira-Neto MP, Silva AJ, Pereira MS, Cupolillo E, Porrozzi R, Coutinho SG, Pirmez C, Beverley SM, Grimaldi G. Study of the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of attenuated and killed Leishmania (Leishmania) major vaccines in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) model of the human disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2002; 97:1041-8. [PMID: 12471434 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762002000700019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have compared the efficacy of two Leishmania (Leishmania) major vaccines, one genetically attenuated (DHFR-TS deficient organisms), the other inactivated [autoclaved promastigotes (ALM) with bacillus Calmete-Guérin (BCG)], in protecting rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) against infection with virulent L. (L.) major. Positive antigen-specific recall proliferative response was observed in vaccinees (79% in attenuated parasite-vaccinated monkeys, versus 75% in ALM-plus-BCG-vaccinated animals), although none of these animals exhibited either augmented in vitro gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production or positive delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to the leishmanin skin test prior to the challenge. Following challenge, there were significant differences in blastogenic responses (p < 0.05) between attenuated-vaccinated monkeys and naïve controls. In both vaccinated groups very low levels of antibody were found before challenge, which increased after infective challenge. Protective immunity did not follow vaccination, in that monkeys exhibited skin lesion at the site of challenge in all the groups. The most striking result was the lack of pathogenicity of the attenuated parasite, which persisted in infected animals for up to three months, but were incapable of causing disease under the conditions employed. We concluded that both vaccine protocols used in this study are safe in primates, but require further improvement for vaccine application.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage
- BCG Vaccine/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Leishmania major/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/prevention & control
- Macaca mulatta
- Protozoan Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Protozoan Vaccines/adverse effects
- Protozoan Vaccines/immunology
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Inactivated/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- V F Amaral
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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44
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Rosati M, Rocchi M, Storlazzi CT, Grimaldi G. Assignment to chromosome 12q24.33, gene organization and splicing of the human KRAB/FPB containing zinc finger gene ZNF84. Cytogenet Genome Res 2002; 94:127-30. [PMID: 11856868 DOI: 10.1159/000048803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
FISH analysis was used to assign the human ZNF84 gene to chromosome 12q24.33, a region associated with recurrent breakpoints and allelic loss in several human cancers. In this report we show that the ZNF84 coding region is organized in four exons; two are dedicated to encoding the KRAB/FPB-A and KRAB/FPB-B modules, the remaining exons encode the N-terminal amino acids and C-terminal array of zinc finger units, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rosati
- International Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CNR, Naples, Italy
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45
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Grimaldi LM, Salemi G, Grimaldi G, Rizzo A, Marziolo R, Lo Presti C, Maimone D, Savettieri G. High incidence and increasing prevalence of MS in Enna (Sicily), southern Italy. Neurology 2001; 57:1891-3. [PMID: 11723283 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.57.10.1891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty years after a first survey, a follow-up study was performed on the prevalence of MS in Enna (Sicily), southern Italy. The prevalence of definite MS rose from 53 to 120.2 per 100,000 population. The incidence of definite MS for the period 1986 to 1995 was 5.7 per 100,000 per year. The innermost part of Sicily shows an elevated prevalence of MS, second only to Sardinia in the Mediterranean area.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Grimaldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Azienda Unita Sanitaria Locale 2, Caltanissetta, Italy
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- G Grimaldi
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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47
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Cupolillo E, Aguiar Alves F, Brahim LR, Naiff MF, Pereira LO, Oliveira-Neto MP, Falqueto A, Grimaldi G. Recent advances in the taxonomy of the New World leishmanial parasites. Med Microbiol Immunol 2001; 190:57-60. [PMID: 11770111 DOI: 10.1007/s004300100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Cupolillo
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Hospital Evandro Chagas/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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48
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Patrizi G, Manna C, Rachman A, Nieddu L, Grimaldi G. Optimal criteria for the selection of embryos in human assisted reproduction. Fertil Steril 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(01)02752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Amaral VF, Teva A, Porrozzi R, Silva AJ, Pereira MS, Oliveira-Neto MP, Grimaldi G. Leishmania (Leishmania) major-infected rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) develop varying levels of resistance against homologous re-infections. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2001; 96:795-804. [PMID: 11562705 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762001000600010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven rhesus macaques were infected intradermally with 10(7) promastigotes of Leishmania (Leishmania) major. All monkeys developed a localized, ulcerative, self-healing nodular skin lesion at the site of inoculation of the parasite. Non-specific chronic inflammation and/or tuberculoid-type granulomatous reaction were the main histopathological manifestations of the disease. Serum Leishmania-specific antibodies (IgG and IgG1) were detected by ELISA in all infected animals; immunoblot analyses indicated that numerous antigens were recognized. A very high degree of variability was observed in the parasite-specific cell-mediated immune responses [as detected by measuring delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction, in vitro lymphocyte proliferation, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production] for individuals over time post challenge. From all the recovered monkeys (which showed resolution of the lesions after 11 weeks of infection), 57.2% (4/7) and 28.6% (2/7) animals remained susceptible to secondary and tertiary infections, respectively, but the disease severity was altered (i.e. lesion size was smaller and healed faster than in the primary infection). The remaining monkeys exhibited complete resistance (i.e. no lesion) to each rechallenge. Despite the inability to consistently detect correlates of cell-mediated immunity to Leishmania or correlation between resistance to challenge and DTH, lymphocyte transformation or IFN-gamma production, partial or complete acquired resistance was conferred by experimental infection. This primate model should be useful for measuring vaccine effectiveness against the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- V F Amaral
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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50
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Campos-Neto A, Porrozzi R, Greeson K, Coler RN, Webb JR, Seiky YA, Reed SG, Grimaldi G. Protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis induced by recombinant antigens in murine and nonhuman primate models of the human disease. Infect Immun 2001; 69:4103-8. [PMID: 11349082 PMCID: PMC98475 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.6.4103-4108.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis affects approximately 2 million people each year throughout the world. This high incidence is due in part to the lack of an efficacious vaccine. We present evidence that the recombinant leishmanial antigens LmSTI1 and TSA, which we identified and characterized previously, induce excellent protection in both murine and nonhuman primate (rhesus monkey) models of human cutaneous leishmaniasis. The remarkable protection induced by LmSTI1 and TSA in an animal model that is evolutionarily close to humans qualifies this antigen combination as a promising candidate subunit vaccine against human leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Campos-Neto
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA.
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