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Zgouridou A, Tripidaki E, Giantsis IA, Theodorou JA, Kalaitzidou M, Raitsos DE, Lattos A, Mavropoulou AM, Sofianos S, Karagiannis D, Chaligiannis I, Anestis A, Papadakis N, Feidantsis K, Mintza D, Staikou A, Michaelidis B. The current situation and potential effects of climate change on the microbial load of marine bivalves of the Greek coastlines: an integrative review. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:1012-1034. [PMID: 34499795 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Global warming affects the aquatic ecosystems, accelerating pathogenic microorganisms' and toxic microalgae's growth and spread in marine habitats, and in bivalve molluscs. New parasite invasions are directly linked to oceanic warming. Consumption of pathogen-infected molluscs impacts human health at different rates, depending, inter alia, on the bacteria taxa. It is therefore necessary to monitor microbiological and chemical contamination of food. Many global cases of poisoning from bivalve consumption can be traced back to Mediterranean regions. This article aims to examine the marine bivalve's infestation rate within the scope of climate change, as well as to evaluate the risk posed by climate change to bivalve welfare and public health. Biological and climatic data literature review was performed from international scientific sources, Greek authorities and State organizations. Focusing on Greek aquaculture and bivalve fisheries, high-risk index pathogenic parasites and microalgae were observed during summer months, particularly in Thermaikos Gulf. Considering the climate models that predict further temperature increases, it seems that marine organisms will be subjected in the long term to higher temperatures. Due to the positive linkage between temperature and microbial load, the marine areas most affected by this phenomenon are characterized as 'high risk' for consumer health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Zgouridou
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Eirini Tripidaki
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Ioannis A Giantsis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, Florina, 53100, Greece
| | - John A Theodorou
- Department Animal Production Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Patras, Messolonghi, Greece
| | - Maria Kalaitzidou
- National Reference Laboratory for Marine Biotoxins, Department of Food Microbiology, Biochemical Control, Residues, Marine Biotoxins and Other Water Toxins, Directorate of Veterinary Center of Thessaloniki, Ministry of Rural Development and Food, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dionysios E Raitsos
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Lattos
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Apostolia-Maria Mavropoulou
- Department of Physics, Section of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sarantis Sofianos
- Department of Physics, Section of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Karagiannis
- National Reference Laboratory for Mollusc Diseases, Ministry of Rural Development and Food, Thessaloniki, 54627, Greece
| | - Ilias Chaligiannis
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.,Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-DEMETER, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Campus of Thermi, 570 01, Thermi, Greece
| | - Andreas Anestis
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social - Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikos Papadakis
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social - Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Dionysia Mintza
- Department of Fishery Products, Milk and Other Food of Animal Origin, Ministry of Rural Development and Food of Greece, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Staikou
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
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Ottaviani D, Pieralisi S, Chierichetti S, Rocchegiani E, Hattab J, Mosca F, Tiscar PG, Leoni F, Angelico G. Vibrio parahaemolyticus control in mussels by a Halobacteriovorax isolated from the Adriatic sea, Italy. Food Microbiol 2020; 92:103600. [PMID: 32950141 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the application of a Halobacteriovorax isolated from water of the Adriatic Sea (Italy) in controlling V. parahaemolyticus in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Two 72 h laboratory-scale V. parahaemolyticus decontamination experiments of mussels were performed. The test microcosm of experiment 1 was prepared using predator/prey free mussels experimentally contaminated with Halobacteriovorax/V. parahaemolyticus at a ratio of 103 PFU/105 CFU per ml, while that of experiment 2 using mussels naturally harbouring Halobacteriovorax that were experimentally contaminated with 105 CFU per ml of V. parahaemolyticus. For experiment 1, was also tested a control microcosm only contaminated with 105 CFU per ml of V. parahaemolyticus.. Double layer agar plating and pour plate techniques were used to enumerate Halobacteriovorax and V. parahaemolyticus, respectively. 16 S rRNA analysis was used to identify Halobacteriovorax. For both experiments in the test microcosm the concentration of prey remained at the same level as that experimentally added, i.e. 5 log for the entire analysis period. In experiment 1, V. parahaemolyticus counts in mussels were significantly lower in the test microcosm than the control with the maximum difference of 2.2 log at 24 h. Results demonstrate that Halobacteriovorax can modulate V. parahaemolyticus level in the mussels. The public impact of V. parahaemolyticus in bivalves is relevant and current decontamination processes are not always effective. Halobacteriovorax is a suitable candidate in the development of a biological approach to the purification of V. parahaemolyticus in mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Ottaviani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Laboratorio Controllo Alimenti, via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Silvia Pieralisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Laboratorio Controllo Alimenti, via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Serena Chierichetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Laboratorio Controllo Alimenti, via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elena Rocchegiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Laboratorio Controllo Alimenti, via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jasmine Hattab
- Università degli Studi di Teramo, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Località Piano d'Accio, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesco Mosca
- Università degli Studi di Teramo, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Località Piano d'Accio, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Pietro Giorgio Tiscar
- Università degli Studi di Teramo, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Località Piano d'Accio, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesca Leoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Laboratorio Controllo Alimenti, via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Angelico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Laboratorio Controllo Alimenti, via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60126, Ancona, Italy
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Ottaviani D, Pieralisi S, Rocchegiani E, Latini M, Leoni F, Mosca F, Pallavicini A, Tiscar PG, Angelico G. Vibrio parahaemolyticus-specific Halobacteriovorax From Seawater of a Mussel Harvesting Area in the Adriatic Sea: Abundance, Diversity, Efficiency and Relationship With the Prey Natural Level. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1575. [PMID: 32733427 PMCID: PMC7360731 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to study the abundance and molecular diversity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus-specific Halobacteriovorax strains isolated from seawater of the Adriatic Sea and the relationship between predator and prey abundances. Moreover, predator efficiency of the Halobacteriovorax isolates toward V. parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae non-O1/O139 strains was tested. V. parahaemolyticus NCTC 10885 was used as primary host for the isolation of Halobacteriovorax from seawater by the plaque assay. Molecular identification was performed by PCR detection of a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene of the Halobacteriovoraceae family members. Moreover, 700 bp PCR products were sequenced and compared between them and to clones described for other sampling sites. Vibrio counts were performed on TCBS agar from 100 ml of filtered water samples and presumptive colonies were confirmed by standard methods. Predatory efficiency of Halobacteriovorax isolates was tested by monitoring abilities of 3-day enrichments to form clear lytic halos on a lawn of Vibrio preys, by the plaque assay. Out of 12 seawater samples monthly collected from June 2017 to May 2018, 10 were positive for V. parahaemolyticus specific Halobacteriovorax with counts ranging from 4 to 1.4 × 103 PFU per 7.5 ml. No significant relationship was found between Halobacteriovorax and Vibrio abundances. The 16SrRNA sequences of our Halobacteriovorax strains, one for each positive sample, were divided into three lineages. Within the lineages, some sequences had 100% similarity. Sequence similarity between lineages was always <94.5% suggesting that they may therefore well belong to three different species. All Halobacteriovorax isolates had the ability to prey all tested Vibrio strains. Additional research is necessary to assess whether stable strains of Halobacteriovorax are present in the Adriatic Sea and to understand the mechanisms by which Halobacteriovorax may modulate the abundance of V. parahaemolyticus and other vibrios in a complex marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Ottaviani
- Laboratorio Controllo Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Pieralisi
- Laboratorio Controllo Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elena Rocchegiani
- Laboratorio Controllo Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mario Latini
- Laboratorio Controllo Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Leoni
- Laboratorio Controllo Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Mosca
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alberto Pallavicini
- Facoltà di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Angelico
- Laboratorio Controllo Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Correia Peres Costa JC, Floriano B, Bascón Villegas IM, Rodríguez-Ruiz JP, Posada-Izquierdo GD, Zurera G, Pérez-Rodríguez F. Study of the microbiological quality, prevalence of foodborne pathogens and product shelf-life of Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from aquaculture in estuarine ecosystems of Andalusia (Spain). Food Microbiol 2020; 90:103498. [PMID: 32336378 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at characterizing microbiologically Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) produced in two estuarine ecosystems in Andalusia (Spain): the estuary of the river Guadalquivir (La Puebla del Río, Sevilla) (A), and the estuary of the river Guadiana (Ayamonte, Huelva) (B). The collected fish individuals and water were analysed for hygiene indicator microorganisms and pathogens. The statistical analysis of results revealed that microbial counts for the different microbiological parameters were not statistically different for fish type. On the contrary, considering anatomic part, viscera showed significantly higher concentrations for Enterobacteriaceae, total coliforms and for Staphylococcus spp. coagulase +. Furthermore, location A showed in water and fish higher levels for lactic acid bacteria, aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, total coliforms and Staphylococcus spp. coagulase +. Neither Listeria monocytogenes, nor Salmonella spp. were detected, though Vibrio parahaemolyticus was identified, molecularly, in estuarine water in location B. The predictive analysis demonstrated that the initial microbiological quality could have an impact on product shelf-life, being longer for location B, with better microbiological quality. Results stress the relevance of preventing the microbiological contamination of water in estuary production systems in order to assure the quality and safety of Gilthead sea bream and Sea bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carlos Correia Peres Costa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), University of Cordoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Belén Floriano
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Isabel María Bascón Villegas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), University of Cordoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Guiomar Denisse Posada-Izquierdo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), University of Cordoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Zurera
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), University of Cordoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), University of Cordoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain.
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Ottaviani D, Chierichetti S, Angelico G, Forte C, Rocchegiani E, Manuali E, Leoni F. Halobacteriovorax isolated from marine water of the Adriatic sea, Italy, as an effective predator of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, non-O1/O139 V. cholerae, V. vulnificus. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1199-1207. [PMID: 29931749 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To detect marine Bdellovibrio and like organisms (BALOs) which are able to infect Vibrio parahaemolyticus from seawater of the Adriatic, Italy. To test, prey specificity and predation efficiency of our Halobacteriovorax isolate, named HBXCO1, towards 17 Vibrio and 7 non-Vibrio strains linked to the Adriatic sea, Italy. METHODS AND RESULTS Double layer agar plating technique was used to enumerate BALOs and to evaluate their prey specificity and predation efficiency. Transmission electron microscopy and 16S rRNA analysis were used to identify them. Means of BALOs counts ranged from 5·0 PFU per ml (March 2017) to 98·6 PFU per ml (August 2016). HBXCO1 had the ability to attack all tested prey strains of V. parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae non-O1/O139 and Vibrio vulnificus, but it did not prey on non-Vibrio strains and V. alginolyticus under the tested conditions. CONCLUSIONS Bdellovibrio and like organisms capable of infecting pathogenic vibrios are naturally present in seawater of the Adriatic, Italy. Isolate HBXCO1 shows prey specificity preferentially for the Vibrio genus and high predatory efficiency towards a wide range of pathogenic strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The public impact of V. parahaemolyticus, non-O1/O139 V. cholerae and V. vulnificus in bivalves is relevant and current decontamination processes are not always effective. We believe that the predator HBXCO1 represents a potential candidate for the development of strategies of biocontrol of pathogenic vibrios in bivalves from harvesting to trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ottaviani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per il controllo delle Contaminazioni Batteriche dei Molluschi Bivalvi Vivi, Ancona, Italy
| | - S Chierichetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per il controllo delle Contaminazioni Batteriche dei Molluschi Bivalvi Vivi, Ancona, Italy
| | - G Angelico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per il controllo delle Contaminazioni Batteriche dei Molluschi Bivalvi Vivi, Ancona, Italy
| | - C Forte
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per il controllo delle Contaminazioni Batteriche dei Molluschi Bivalvi Vivi, Ancona, Italy
| | - E Rocchegiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per il controllo delle Contaminazioni Batteriche dei Molluschi Bivalvi Vivi, Ancona, Italy
| | - E Manuali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per il controllo delle Contaminazioni Batteriche dei Molluschi Bivalvi Vivi, Ancona, Italy
| | - F Leoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per il controllo delle Contaminazioni Batteriche dei Molluschi Bivalvi Vivi, Ancona, Italy
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Trh (tdh−/trh+) gene analysis of clinical, environmental and food isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus as a tool for investigating pathogenicity. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 225:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Caburlotto G, Suffredini E, Toson M, Fasolato L, Antonetti P, Zambon M, Manfrin A. Occurrence and molecular characterisation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in crustaceans commercialised in Venice area, Italy. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 220:39-49. [PMID: 26773255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Infections due to the pathogenic human vibrios, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus, are mainly associated with consumption of raw or partially cooked bivalve molluscs. At present, little is known about the presence of Vibrio species in crustaceans and the risk of vibriosis associated with the consumption of these products. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and concentration of the main pathogenic Vibrio spp. in samples of crustaceans (n=143) commonly eaten in Italy, taking into account the effects of different variables such as crustacean species, storage conditions and geographic origin. Subsequently, the potential pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from crustaceans (n=88) was investigated, considering the classic virulence factors (tdh and trh genes) and four genes coding for relevant proteins of the type III secretion systems 2 (T3SS2α and T3SS2β). In this study, the presence of V. cholerae and V. vulnificus was never detected, whereas 40 samples (28%) were positive for V. parahaemolyticus with an overall prevalence of 41% in refrigerated products and 8% in frozen products. The highest prevalence and average contamination levels were detected in Crangon crangon (prevalence 58% and median value 3400 MPN/g) and in products from the northern Adriatic Sea (35%), with the samples from the northern Venetian Lagoon reaching a median value of 1375 MPN/g. While genetic analysis confirmed absence of the tdh gene, three of the isolates contained the trh gene and, simultaneously, the T3SS2β genes. Moreover three possibly clonal tdh-negative/trh-negative isolates carried the T3SS2α apparatus. The detection of both T3SS2α and T3SS2β apparatuses in V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from crustaceans emphasised the importance of considering new genetic markers associated with virulence besides the classical factors. Moreover this study represents the first report dealing with Vibrio spp. in crustaceans in Italy, and it may provide useful information for the development of sanitary surveillance plans to prevent the risk of vibriosis in seafood consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Caburlotto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale Dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Suffredini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marica Toson
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale Dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Fasolato
- University of Padova, Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonetti
- Azienda Ulss 12 Veneziana, Department of Prevention - Veterinary Service, P.le San Lorenzo Giustiniani 11/d, 30174 Venezia Mestre, VE, Italy
| | - Michela Zambon
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale Dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Amedeo Manfrin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale Dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
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López-Hernández KM, Pardío-Sedas VT, Lizárraga-Partida L, Williams JDJ, Martínez-Herrera D, Flores-Primo A, Uscanga-Serrano R, Rendón-Castro K. Environmental parameters influence on the dynamics of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus densities in Crassostrea virginica harvested from Mexico's Gulf coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 91:317-329. [PMID: 25510545 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of environmental parameters on the total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus seasonal densities in American oysters (Crassostrea virginica) was evaluated for 1 year. Harvesting site A yielded the highest mean densities of V. parahaemolyticus tlh+, tdh+/trh-, tdh-/trh+ and tdh+/trh+ during spring season at 2.57, 1.74, 0.36, and -0.40 log10 MPN/g, respectively, and tdh+/orf8+ during winter season (0.90 log10 MPN/g). V. parahaemolyticus tlh+ densities were associated to salinity (R(2)=0.372, P<0.022), tdh+/trh+ to turbidity (R(2)=0.597, P<0.035), and orf8+ to temperature, salinity, and pH (R(2)=0.964, P<0.001). The exposure to salinity and temperature conditions during winter and spring seasons regulated the dynamics of V. parahaemolyticus harboring potentially pathogenic genotypes within the oyster. The adaptive response of V. parahaemolyticus to seasonal environmental changes may lead to an increase in survival and virulence, threatening the seafood safety and increasing the risk of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla M López-Hernández
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico
| | - Violeta T Pardío-Sedas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico.
| | - Leonardo Lizárraga-Partida
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California CP 22860, Mexico
| | - José de J Williams
- Dirección General de Desarrollo Académico, Edificio Central-Rectoría, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán CP 97000, Mexico
| | - David Martínez-Herrera
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico
| | - Argel Flores-Primo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico
| | - Roxana Uscanga-Serrano
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico
| | - Karla Rendón-Castro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico
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Suffredini E, Mioni R, Mazzette R, Bordin P, Serratore P, Fois F, Piano A, Cozzi L, Croci L. Detection and quantification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish from Italian production areas. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 184:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Flores-Primo A, Pardío-Sedas V, Lizárraga-Partida L, López-Hernández K, Uscanga-Serrano R, Flores-Hernández R. Seasonal abundance of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from American oysters harvested in the Mandinga Lagoon System, Veracruz, Mexico: implications for food safety. J Food Prot 2014; 77:1069-77. [PMID: 24988011 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The abundance of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) strains in American oysters (Crassostrea virginica) harvested in two different harvest sites from the Mandinga lagoon System was evaluated monthly for 1 year (January through December 2012). Frequencies of species-specific genes and pathogenic genes exhibited a seasonal distribution. The annual occurrence of Vp with the species-specific tlh gene (tlh(+)) was significantly higher during the winter windy season (32.50%) and spring dry season (15.0%), with the highest densities observed during spring dry season at 283.50 most probable number (MPN)/g (lagoon bank A, near human settlements), indicating the highest risk of infection during warmer months. Pathogenic Vp tlh(+)/tdh(+) frequency was significantly higher during the winter windy and the spring dry seasons at 22.50 and 10.00%, respectively, with highest densities of 16.22 and 41.05 MPN/g (bank A), respectively. The tlh/trh and tdh/trh gene combinations were also found in Vp isolates during the spring dry season at 1.25 and 1.3%, respectively, with densities of 1.79 and 0.4 MPN/g (bank A), respectively. The orf8 genes were detected during the winter windy season (1.25%) with highest densities of 5.96 MPN/g (bank A) and 3.21 MPN/g (bank B, near mangrove islands and a heron nesting area). Densities of Vp tdh(+) were correlated (R(2) = 0.245, P < 0.015) with those of Vp orf8(+). The seasonal dynamics of Vp harboring pathogenic genes varied with seasonal changes, with very high proportions of Vp tdh(+) and Vp orf8(+) isolates in the winter windy season at 46.2 and 17.0%, respectively, which suggests that environmental factors may differentially affect the abundance of pathogenic subpopulations. Although all densities of total Vp (Vp tlh(+)) were lower than 10(4) MPN/g, thus complying with Mexican regulations, the presence of pathogenic strains is a public health concern. Our results suggest that total Vp densities may not be appropriate for assessing oyster contamination and predicting the risk of infection. Evaluation of the presence of pathogenic strains would be a better approach to protecting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argel Flores-Primo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Veracruzana, Avenida Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esquina Yáñez, Colonia Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Veracruz, México 91710
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11
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Suffredini E, Cozzi L, Ciccaglioni G, Croci L. Development of a colony hybridization method for the enumeration of total and potentially enteropathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 186:22-31. [PMID: 24984219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine microorganism, recognized as cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks associated with seafood consumption. In this study the development and the in-house validation of a colony hybridization method for the enumeration of total and potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus is reported. The method included a set of three controls (process, hybridization and detection control) for the full monitoring of the analytical procedure. Four digoxigenin-labeled probes were designed for pathogenic strains enumeration (tdh1, tdh2, trh1 and trh2 probes) and one for total V. parahaemolyticus count (toxR probe). Probes were tested on a panel of 70 reference strains and 356 environmental, food and clinical isolates, determining the inclusivity (tdh: 96.7%, trh: 97.8%, toxR: 99.4%) and the exclusivity (100% for all probes). Accuracy and linearity of the enumeration were evaluated on pure and mixed cultures: slopes of the regression lines ranged from 0.957 to 1.058 depending on the target gene and R(2) was greater than or equal to 0.989 for all reactions. Evaluation was also carried on using four experimentally contaminated seafood matrices (shellfish, finfish, crustaceans and cephalopods) and the slopes of the curves varied from 0.895 (finfish) to 0.987 (cephalopods) for the counts of potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus (R(2)≥0.965) and from 0.965 to 1.073 for total V. parahaemolyticus enumeration (R(2)≥0.981). Validation was performed on 104 naturally contaminated shellfish samples, analyzed in parallel by colony hybridization, ISO/TS 21872-1 and MPN enumeration. Colony hybridization and ISO method showed a relative accuracy of 86.7%, and a statistically significant correlation was present between colony hybridization enumeration and MPN results (r=0.744, p<0.001). The proposed colony hybridization can be a suitable alternative method for the enumeration of total and potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Suffredini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare, v.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Loredana Cozzi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare, v.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciccaglioni
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare, v.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Croci
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare, v.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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12
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13
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Rahman MS, Martino ME, Cardazzo B, Facco P, Bordin P, Mioni R, Novelli E, Fasolato L. Vibrio trends in the ecology of the Venice lagoon. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:2372-80. [PMID: 24487545 PMCID: PMC3993166 DOI: 10.1128/aem.04133-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio is a very diverse genus that is responsible for different human and animal diseases. The accurate identification of Vibrio at the species level is important to assess the risks related to public health and diseases caused by aquatic organisms. The ecology of Vibrio spp., together with their genetic background, represents an important key for species discrimination and evolution. Thus, analyses of population structure and ecology association are necessary for reliable characterization of bacteria and to investigate whether bacterial species are going through adaptation processes. In this study, a population of Vibrionaceae was isolated from shellfish of the Venice lagoon and analyzed in depth to study its structure and distribution in the environment. A multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) was developed on the basis of four housekeeping genes. Both molecular and biochemical approaches were used for species characterization, and the results were compared to assess the consistency of the two methods. In addition, strain ecology and the association between genetic information and environment were investigated through statistical models. The phylogenetic and population analyses achieved good species clustering, while biochemical identification was demonstrated to be imprecise. In addition, this study provided a fine-scale overview of the distribution of Vibrio spp. in the Venice lagoon, and the results highlighted a preferential association of the species toward specific ecological variables. These findings support the use of MLSA for taxonomic studies and demonstrate the need to consider environmental information to obtain broader and more accurate bacterial characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shamsur Rahman
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
- Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Maria Elena Martino
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Barbara Cardazzo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Pierantonio Facco
- Computer-Aided Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Bordin
- Laboratorio Batteriologia degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Renzo Mioni
- Laboratorio Batteriologia degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Enrico Novelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Luca Fasolato
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
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Ceccarelli D, Hasan NA, Huq A, Colwell RR. Distribution and dynamics of epidemic and pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus virulence factors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:97. [PMID: 24377090 PMCID: PMC3858888 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, autochthonous to estuarine, marine, and coastal environments throughout the world, is the causative agent of food-borne gastroenteritis. More than 80 serotypes have been described worldwide, based on antigenic properties of the somatic (O) and capsular (K) antigens. Serovar O3:K6 emerged in India in 1996 and subsequently was isolated worldwide, leading to the conclusion that the first V. parahaemolyticus pandemic had taken place. Most strains of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from the environment or seafood, in contrast to clinical strains, do not produce a thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and/or a TDH-related hemolysin (TRH). Type 3 secretion systems (T3SSs), needle-like apparatuses able to deliver bacterial effectors into host cytoplasm, were identified as triggering cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity. Type 6 secretion systems (T6SS) predicted to be involved in intracellular trafficking and vesicular transport appear to play a role in V. parahaemolyticus virulence. Recent advances in V. parahaemolyticus genomics identified several pathogenicity islands (VpaIs) located on either chromosome in both epidemic and pandemic strains and comprising additional colonization factors, such as restriction-modification complexes, chemotaxis proteins, classical bacterial surface virulence factors, and putative colicins. Furthermore, studies indicate strains lacking toxins and genomic regions associated with pathogenicity may also be pathogenic, suggesting other important virulence factors remain to be identified. The unique repertoire of virulence factors identified to date, their occurrence and distribution in both epidemic and pandemic strains worldwide are described, with the aim of highlighting the complexity of V. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity as well as its dynamic genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ceccarelli
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - Nur A Hasan
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA ; CosmosID Inc. College Park, MD, USA
| | - Anwar Huq
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA ; Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - Rita R Colwell
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA ; CosmosID Inc. College Park, MD, USA ; Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA ; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Ottaviani D, Leoni F, Talevi G, Masini L, Santarelli S, Rocchegiani E, Susini F, Montagna C, Monno R, D'Annibale L, Manso E, Oliva M, Pazzani C. Extensive investigation of antimicrobial resistance in Vibrio parahaemolyticus from shellfish and clinical sources, Italy. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013; 42:191-3. [PMID: 23796895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Powell A, Baker-Austin C, Wagley S, Bayley A, Hartnell R. Isolation of pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus from UK water and shellfish produce. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2013; 65:924-7. [PMID: 23455432 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-013-0201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative, halophilic bacterium found commonly in temperate and warm estuarine waters worldwide. V. parahaemolyticus is considered an emerging bacterial pathogen in Europe and has been responsible for several recent seafood-associated outbreaks. During ad hoc testing of raw shellfish produce in May 2012, pandemic group (O3:K6) V. parahaemolyticus was isolated from Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas), harvested in Southern England. Follow-on testing of water and shellfish, encompassing a small number geographically diverse sites, also retrieved pandemic group isolates. These strains are amongst the most northerly pandemic strains described to date and represent the first instance of pandemic V. parahaemolyticus isolated in the UK, highlighting the expanding geographical distribution of these foodborne pathogens in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Powell
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
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17
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Ottaviani D, Leoni F, Rocchegiani E, Santarelli S, Masini L, D’Annibale ML, Pianetti A, Carraturo A. A severe case of Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria travellers’ diarrhoea characterized by Vibrio parahaemolyticus co-isolation. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:161-164. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.044743-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Ottaviani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento Contaminazioni Batteriologiche dei Molluschi Bivalvi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Leoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento Contaminazioni Batteriologiche dei Molluschi Bivalvi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elena Rocchegiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento Contaminazioni Batteriologiche dei Molluschi Bivalvi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sabrina Santarelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento Contaminazioni Batteriologiche dei Molluschi Bivalvi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Masini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento Contaminazioni Batteriologiche dei Molluschi Bivalvi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia D’Annibale
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia, S. C. Microbiologia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, A. O. Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Pianetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Sezione di Scienze Tossicologiche, Igienistiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Antonio Carraturo
- Unità di Epidemiologia, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Latina, Latina, Italy
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18
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Ottaviani D, Leoni F, Serra R, Serracca L, Decastelli L, Rocchegiani E, Masini L, Canonico C, Talevi G, Carraturo A. Nontoxigenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains causing acute gastroenteritis. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:4141-3. [PMID: 23052317 PMCID: PMC3502970 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01993-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the virulence properties of four Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains causing acute gastroenteritis following consumption of indigenous mussels in Italy. The isolated strains were cytotoxic and adhesive but, surprisingly, lacked tdh, trh, and type three secretion system 2 (T3SS2) genes. We emphasize that nontoxigenic V. parahaemolyticus can induce acute gastroenteritis, highlighting the need for more investigation of the pathogenicity of this microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Ottaviani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento Contaminazioni Batteriologiche dei Molluschi Bivalvi, Ancona, Italy.
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19
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Ottaviani D, Leoni F, Rocchegiani E, Mioni R, Costa A, Virgilio S, Serracca L, Bove D, Canonico C, Di Cesare A, Masini L, Potenziani S, Caburlotto G, Ghidini V, Lleo MM. An extensive investigation into the prevalence and the genetic and serological diversity of toxigenicVibrio parahaemolyticusin Italian marine coastal waters. Environ Microbiol 2012; 15:1377-86. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02839.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Detection and characterization of pathogenic vibrios in shellfish by a Ligation Detection Reaction-Universal Array approach. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 153:474-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Schärer K, Savioz S, Cernela N, Saegesser G, Stephan R. Occurrence of Vibrio spp. in fish and shellfish collected from the Swiss market. J Food Prot 2011; 74:1345-7. [PMID: 21819664 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The genus Vibrio includes gram-negative bacteria that inhabit estuarine ecosystems. V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus pose a considerable public health threat as agents of sporadic and epidemic foodborne infections associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated fish or shellfish. In this study, we analyzed 138 fish and shellfish samples collected from the Swiss market (fish fillets [n = 102], bivalves [n = 34], and squid [n = 2]). Microbiological analysis was done according to International Organization for Standardization method 21872-1/21872-2:2007, using thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose agar and chromID Vibrio agar as selective agar. Presumptive-positive colonies on thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose agar or chromID Vibrio agar were picked and were identified by the API 20E and species-specific PCR systems. V. cholerae isolates were tested further by PCR for the presence of the cholera toxin A subunit gene (ctxA). V. parahaemolyticus isolates were tested by PCR for genes encoding for thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and TDH-related hemolysin (trh). V. cholerae was isolated from three samples and V. parahaemolyticus from eight samples. None of these strains harbored species-specific virulence factors. Further, V. alginolyticus was isolated from 40 samples, and V. fluvialis was isolated from 1 sample. Our study provides, for the first time, data for the assessment of exposure to Vibrio spp. in raw fish and bivalves consumed in Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schärer
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Serracca L, Battistini R, Rossini I, Prearo M, Ottaviani D, Leoni F, Ercolini C. Vibrio virulence genes in fishes collected from estuarine waters in Italy. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 53:403-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and PCR characterization of environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains of different origins. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:6301-4. [PMID: 21742917 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00333-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) characterization to examine the intraspecies variability and genetic relationships among environmental isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from different European countries. This is first study performed on environmental V. parahaemolyticus that included more than one European country.
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