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Rodriguez C, Salas NM, Bruno M, Brett M, Byrd TF, Ruan L, Jakeman B. Treatment management of M. simiae infection complicated by severe immune reconstitution syndrome in two patients living with HIV. Int J STD AIDS 2023; 34:355-360. [PMID: 36629094 DOI: 10.1177/09564624221151090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nontuberculosis mycobacterium are increasingly being identified as sources of disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients. These infections can be challenging to identify and treat due complexities of diagnosis and inherent resistance to many medications. We present two cases of patients with human immunodeficiency virus who had Mycobacterium simiae infections, complicated by immune reconstruction inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). We also present a review of the English literature surrounding the disease, including reported resistance patterns to antimicrobial therapy, which can be highly variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacy, 21764University of New Mexico Hospitals, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Natalie Mariam Salas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, 1104University of New Mexico Hospitals, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Matthew Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences, 15520University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Meghan Brett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, 1104University of New Mexico Hospitals, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Tom F Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, 1104University of New Mexico Hospitals, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lucy Ruan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, 1104University of New Mexico Hospitals, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Bernadette Jakeman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences, 15520University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Dashtbin S, Mirkalantari S, Dadashi M, Darban_Sarokhalil D. Investigation of drug regimens and treatment outcome in patients with Mycobacterium Simiae: a systematic review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:1015-1023. [DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2056019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Dashtbin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Mirkalantari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Dadashi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Davood Darban_Sarokhalil
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Salas NM, Byrd TF. Granulomatous interstitial nephritis in the setting of disseminated Mycobacterium simiae: a rare presentation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Int J STD AIDS 2020; 31:911-913. [PMID: 32605502 DOI: 10.1177/0956462420926881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated Mycobacterium simiae is a rare opportunistic infection reported most commonly in advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Treatment can be further complicated by the occurrence of severe immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). We present the first case of disseminated multi-drug-resistant M. simiae in the setting of advanced HIV, complicated by IRIS in the form of granulomatous interstitial nephritis causing acute renal failure. This case highlights the importance of recognizing rare complications of IRIS, as delays in therapy can be life threatening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Mariam Salas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of New Mexico Hospital Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Thomas F Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of New Mexico Hospital Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Genetic Diversity and Prevalence of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Isolated from Clinical Samples in Tehran, Iran. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:264-270. [PMID: 30256172 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Brahmachari U, Saha S, Guchhait B, Guha SK. Disseminated Mycobacterium simiae manifested as IRIS: A case report. HIV & AIDS REVIEW 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hivar.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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6
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García-Martos P, García-Agudo L, González-Moya E, Galán F, Rodríguez-Iglesias M. [Infections due to Mycobacterium simiae]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2014; 33:e37-43. [PMID: 25444043 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium simiae is a slow-growing photochromogenic environmental mycobacterium, first described in 1965. Rarely associated with human infections, possibly due to its limited pathogenicity, it mainly produces lung infection in immunocompetent elderly patients with underlying lung disease, and in disseminated infections in immunosuppressed young patients with AIDS. A microbiological culture is needed to confirm the clinical suspicion, and genetic sequencing techniques are essential to correctly identify the species. Treating M. simiae infections is complicated, owing to the multiple resistance to tuberculous drugs and the lack of correlation between in vitro susceptibility data and in vivo response. Proper treatment is yet to be defined, but must include clarithromycin combined with other antimicrobials such as moxifloxacin and cotrimoxazole. It is possible that M. simiae infections are undiagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fátima Galán
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, España
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Martínez-Barricarte R, Megged O, Stepensky P, Casimir P, Moncada-Velez M, Averbuch D, Assous MV, Abuzaitoun O, Kong XF, Pedergnana V, Deswarte C, Migaud M, Rose-John S, Itan Y, Boisson B, Belkadi A, Conti F, Abel L, Vogt G, Boisson-Dupuis S, Casanova JL, Bustamante J. Mycobacterium simiae infection in two unrelated patients with different forms of inherited IFN-γR2 deficiency. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34:904-9. [PMID: 25135595 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-γ receptor 2 (IFN-γR2) deficiency is a rare primary immunodeficiency characterized by predisposition to infections with weakly virulent mycobacteria, such as environmental mycobacteria and BCG vaccines. We describe here two children with IFN-γR2 deficiency, from unrelated, consanguineous kindreds of Arab and Israeli descent. The first patient was a boy who died at the age of 4.5 years, from recurrent, disseminated disease caused by Mycobacterium simiae. His IFN-γR2 defect was autosomal recessive and complete. The second patient was a girl with multiple disseminated mycobacterial infections, including infection with M. simiae. She died at the age of 5 years, a short time after the transplantation of umbilical cord blood cells from an unrelated donor. Her IFN-γR2 defect was autosomal recessive and partial. Autosomal recessive IFN-γR2 deficiency is life-threatening, even in its partial form, and genetic diagnosis and familial counseling are therefore particularly important for this condition. These two cases are the first of IFN-γR2 deficiency associated with M. simiae infection to be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martínez-Barricarte
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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Lagier JC, Raoult D. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with bacterial infections. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2014; 13:341-50. [DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2014.887677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Lagier
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France ;
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Sassi M, Robert C, Raoult D, Drancourt M. Non-contiguous genome sequence of Mycobacterium simiae strain DSM 44165(T.). Stand Genomic Sci 2013; 8:306-17. [PMID: 23991261 PMCID: PMC3746425 DOI: 10.4056/sigs.3707349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium simiae is a non-tuberculosis mycobacterium causing pulmonary infections in both immunocompetent and imunocompromized patients. We announce the draft genome sequence of M. simiae DSM 44165T. The 5,782,968-bp long genome with 65.15% GC content (one chromosome, no plasmid) contains 5,727 open reading frames (33% with unknown function and 11 ORFs sizing more than 5000 -bp), three rRNA operons, 52 tRNA, one 66-bp tmRNA matching with tmRNA tags from Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium microti, Mycobacterium marinum, and Mycobacterium africanum and 389 DNA repetitive sequences. Comparing ORFs and size distribution between M. simiae and five other Mycobacterium species M. simiae clustered with M. abscessus and M. smegmatis. A 40-kb prophage was predicted in addition to two prophage-like elements, 7-kb and 18-kb in size, but no mycobacteriophage was seen after the observation of 106M. simiae cells. Fifteen putative CRISPRs were found. Three genes were predicted to encode resistance to aminoglycosides, betalactams and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B. A total of 163 CAZYmes were annotated. M. simiae contains ESX-1 to ESX-5 genes encoding for a type-VII secretion system. Availability of the genome sequence may help depict the unique properties of this environmental, opportunistic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sassi
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France
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