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Huang L, Palmieri C, Bertin FR. Correlation of pituitary histomorphometry with dopamine and dopamine D2 receptor expression in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:427-433. [PMID: 36126509 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is an endocrinopathy commonly affecting old horses. It is a spontaneously occurring, progressive disease that is still poorly understood. Previous studies have observed neurodegeneration of the dopaminergic inhibition of melanotrophs, which leads to decreased dopamine (DA) in the pars intermedia (PI) and increased pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides circulating in plasma. However, rats knockout for the dopamine D2 receptor (D2r) similarly develop PI hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Thus, based on the current pathophysiological theory of PPID, whether the decreased DA or the D2r dysfunction leads to PPID is still unclear. To test this, a total of 28 retrospective cases of horses with PPID were collected, graded and the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and D2r in the PI were determined. The histological and immunohistochemical results demonstrated that horses with higher tumor histological grades had reduced TH expression with increased D2r immunoreactivity colocalized in the PI (p < 0.001, p < 0.05 respectively). This correlation supports the role of DA in the pathogenesis of continuous unregulated proliferation of neoplastic cells in PI and indicates the efficiency of D2r agonists as a treatment for PPID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoyi Huang
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia.
| | - Chiara Palmieri
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia.
| | - François-René Bertin
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia.
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Zerani M, Polisca A, Boiti C, Maranesi M. Current Knowledge on the Multifactorial Regulation of Corpora Lutea Lifespan: The Rabbit Model. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020296. [PMID: 33503812 PMCID: PMC7911389 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Corpora lutea (CL) are temporary endocrine structures that secrete progesterone, which is essential for maintaining a healthy pregnancy. A variety of regulatory factors come into play in modulating the functional lifespan of CL, with luteotropic and luteolytic effects. Many aspects of luteal phase physiology have been clarified, yet many others have not yet been determined, including the molecular and/or cellular mechanisms that maintain the CL from the beginning of luteolysis during early CL development. This paper summarizes our current knowledge of the endocrine and cellular mechanisms involved in multifactorial CL lifespan regulation, using the pseudopregnant rabbit model. Abstract Our research group studied the biological regulatory mechanisms of the corpora lutea (CL), paying particular attention to the pseudopregnant rabbit model, which has the advantage that the relative luteal age following ovulation is induced by the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). CL are temporary endocrine structures that secrete progesterone, which is essential for maintaining a healthy pregnancy. It is now clear that, besides the classical regulatory mechanism exerted by prostaglandin E2 (luteotropic) and prostaglandin F2α (luteolytic), a considerable number of other effectors assist in the regulation of CL. The aim of this paper is to summarize our current knowledge of the multifactorial mechanisms regulating CL lifespan in rabbits. Given the essential role of CL in reproductive success, a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms will provide us with valuable insights on various reproductive issues that hinder fertility in this and other mammalian species, allowing to overcome the challenges for new and more efficient breeding strategies.
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Huang D, Zhang B, Han T, Liu G, Chen X, Zhao Z, Feng J, Yang J, Wang T. Genome-wide prediction and comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals the G protein-coupled receptors involved in gonadal development of Apostichopus japonicus. Genomics 2020; 113:967-978. [PMID: 33144216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is dioecious, with seasonal reproduction. G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated signaling systems might play critical roles in the reproductive control of A. japonicus. Here, we classified GPCR from the genome in silico and used transcriptomic analyses to further mine those that function in gonadal-development control. Totally, 487 GPCRs were predicted from A. japonicus, and 183 of these were further annotated to molecular pathways. Transcriptome analysis revealed 327 GPCRs expressed in gonads, and these were classified into four families and 19 subfamilies. Three pathways were apparently associated with reproduction, including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, the mTOR and Wnt signaling pathways. Seven and eight ovary- and testis-specific GPCRs were filtered, and the gene expression profiles were determined in multiple tissues and gonads at different developmental stages by qPCR. These results provide new insights into the discovery of GPCR-mediated signaling control in sea cucumber reproduction, especially in gonadal development control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexiang Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangbin Liu
- Marine Biology Institute of Shandong Province, 266104 Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqian Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianming Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, People's Republic of China.
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Harvesting, processing, and evaluation of in vitro-manipulated equine preantral follicles: A review. Theriogenology 2020; 156:283-295. [PMID: 32905900 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian ovary is responsible for essential stages of folliculogenesis and hormonal production, regulating the female physiological functions during the menstrual/estrous cycles. The mare has been considered an attractive model for comparative studies due to the striking similarities shared with women regarding in vivo and in vitro folliculogenesis. The ovarian follicular population in horses contains a large number of oocytes enclosed in preantral follicles that are yet to be explored. Therefore, the in vitro manipulation of equine preantral follicles aims to avoid the process of atresia and promote the development of follicles with competent oocytes. In this regard, after ovarian tissue harvesting, the use of appropriate processing techniques, as well as suitable approaches to evaluating equine preantral follicles and ovarian tissue, are necessary. Although high-quality equine ovarian tissue can be obtained from several sources, some critical aspects, such as the age of the animals, ovarian cyclicity, reproductive phase, and the types of ovarian structures, should be considered. Therefore, this review will focus on providing an update on the most current advances concerning the critical factors able to influence equine preantral follicle quality and quantity. Also, the in vivo strategies used to harvest equine ovarian tissue, the approaches to manipulating ovarian tissue post-harvesting, the techniques for processing ovarian tissue, and the classical approaches used to evaluate preantral follicles will be discussed.
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Mao Y, Wu X, An L, Li X, Li Z, Zhu G. Tamoxifen activates hypothalamic l-dopa synthesis to stimulate ovarian estrogen production in chicken. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:1257-1262. [PMID: 29409950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen is the primary sex hormone responsible for the development and modulation of the female reproductive system in all vertebrates including avian species. The actions of estrogen are mediated by the estrogen receptor, which could be modulated by the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen (TAM). In this study, we administered TAM into the actively laying chicken to investigate the ovarian and hypothalamic responses to the estrogen action blockage. The laying was disrupted and the development of the pre-ovulatory hierarchical follicles was arrested. However, the TAM treatment caused an increase of estrogen level in both serum and ovary. Among the main estrogen targeted tissues, the hypothalamus showed specific dopaminergic activation as indicated by gene expression analysis. In the ovary, l-dopa, the precursor of dopamine, could stimulate the estrogen synthesis in undifferentiated follicles but not in the differentiated pre-ovulatory follicles. Thus, we established a feedback loop links ovarian estrogen production with hypothalamic l-dopa synthesis and we propose that the dopamine is involved in estrogen action to regulate the ovarian follicle development and ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Taian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Taian 271021, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li An
- Taian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Taian 271021, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Biology Science and Technology, Taishan University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Guiyu Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Biology Science and Technology, Taishan University, Taian 271000, China.
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Venegas-Meneses B, Padilla JF, Juárez CE, Morán JL, Morán C, Rosas-Murrieta NH, Handal A, Domínguez R. Effects of ovarian dopaminergic receptors on ovulation. Endocrine 2015; 50:783-96. [PMID: 26024972 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0636-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hormonal and neural signals regulate the ovarian follicular development. The present study's hypothesis is that the blockade of ovarian dopamine receptors locally will affect follicle development and ovulation. Groups of adult 4-day cyclic rats of the CII-ZV strain on estrus, diestrus-1, diestrus-2, or proestrus day were injected with vehicle, haloperidol (DA2 > DA1 blocker), sulpiride (DA2 blocker), or SCH-23390 (DA1 blocker) into the bursa of both ovaries at 08:00, 13:00, or 20:00 h. Animals were sacrificed the following predicted estrus day. The following treatments blocked ovulation: injecting haloperidol to rats on estrus or diestrus-1 at 8:00, 13:00, or 20:00 h and to rats on diestrus-2 at 08:00, or 20:00 h; injecting SCH-23390 to rats on diestrus-1 at 8:00, 13:00, or 20:00 h; injecting sulpiride to rats on estrus at 20:00 h, diestrus-1 at 08:00, 13:00, or 20:00 h and to rats on diestrus-2 at 08:00 h. In rats treated with any of the dopamine antagonists that blocked ovulation, injecting GnRH at 14.00 h on the next predicted proestrus day restored ovulation. Injecting estradiol benzoate at 14.00 h of the next predicted diestrus-2 restored ovulation in some animals treated with haloperidol on estrus or diestrus-2 and was ineffective in rats treated on diestrus-1. In rats treated with sulpiride or SCH-23390 ovulation occurred in most animals (SCH-23390: 6/8; SPD: 9/12). Present results suggest that dopamine ovarian receptors' participation in regulating follicular development and ovulation varies along the estrus cycle, with their most prominent activity occurring on diestrus-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Venegas-Meneses
- Departamento de Biología y Toxicología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, CP.72570, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - José Francisco Padilla
- Departamento de Biología y Toxicología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, CP.72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Claudia Elvira Juárez
- Departamento de Biología y Toxicología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, CP.72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - José Luis Morán
- Departamento de Biología y Toxicología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, CP.72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Carolina Morán
- Departamento de Biología y Toxicología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, CP.72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Nora Hilda Rosas-Murrieta
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Anabella Handal
- Departamento de Biología y Toxicología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, CP.72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Roberto Domínguez
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
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Kunii H, Nambo Y, Okano A, Matsui A, Ishimaru M, Asai Y, Sato F, Fujii K, Nagaoka K, Watanabe G, Taya K. Effects of an extended photoperiod on gonadal function and condition of hair coats in Thoroughbred colts and fillies. J Equine Sci 2015; 26:57-66. [PMID: 26170762 PMCID: PMC4496423 DOI: 10.1294/jes.26.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of an extended photoperiod (EP) in Thoroughbreds colts and fillies from winter at one year old to spring at two years old on the gonadal functions, coat condition, and endocrine changes were investigated. Sixty-two Thoroughbreds (31 colts and 31 fillies) reared in the Hidaka Training and Research Center (Hidaka), Japan Racing Association were used. Thirty of them (15 colts and 15 fillies) were reared under EP conditions from December 20 to April 10, and the remaining 32 horses were reared under natural light alone as a control group. For EP, a 100-watt white bulb was set near the ceilings of stalls, and lighting conditions of 14.5-hr light and 9.5-hr dark periods were established. Blood was collected from the jugular vein once a month from October at one year old to February at two years old in both colts and fillies, and then twice a month in colts and weekly in fillies after March, and the coat condition was evaluated in January and April in 56 horses. To
investigate endocrine changes, the plasma concentrations of prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), immunoreactive (ir-) inhibin, testosterone, estradiol-17β and progesterone were measured. No significant difference was noted in the coat condition between the two groups in January, but they changed from winter to summer coats (molting of winter coats) in April in the EP group compared with the control group. Regarding endocrine changes, the plasma concentrations of prolactin, FSH, ir-inhibin and testosterone were significantly higher in the EP colts than in the control group from January to April. The plasma concentrations of LH tended to rise in the EP colts from January to April compared with the control group. In the EP fillies, the plasma concentrations of prolactin, LH, ir-inhibin, estradiol-17β and progesterone were significantly higher during January and April, but a significantly high level of FSH was noted in the control than EP group
in January. The ovulation day was advanced in the EP fillies compared with the control group. The present study clearly demonstrated that EP treatment during rearing advanced the molting of winter coats in both colts and fillies. These results suggested to be due to the action of prolactin being increased by EP treatment. In addition, EP treatment stimulated the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis even in yearlings, and advanced ovulation in fillies. Since EP treatment-induced changes in the yearlings were within the physiological range, and the method is safe and simple, EP treatment may be an effective technique in horse husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kunii
- The Horse Racing School, Japan Racing Association, Chiba 270-1431, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nambo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan ; United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okano
- Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Ibaraki 300-0493, Japan
| | - Akira Matsui
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 320-0856, Japan
| | - Mutsuki Ishimaru
- Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, Hokkaido 057-0171, Japan
| | - Yo Asai
- Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Ibaraki 300-0493, Japan
| | - Fumio Sato
- Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, Hokkaido 057-0171, Japan
| | - Kazuki Fujii
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan ; Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan ; Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan ; Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Taya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan ; Shadai Corporation, Hokkaido 059-1432, Japan
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Thompson DL, Oberhaus EL. Prolactin in the Horse: Historical Perspective, Actions and Reactions, and Its Role in Reproduction. J Equine Vet Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.03.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Parillo F, Maranesi M, Mignini F, Marinelli L, Di Stefano A, Boiti C, Zerani M. Evidence for a dopamine intrinsic direct role in the regulation of the ovary reproductive function: in vitro study on rabbit corpora lutea. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104797. [PMID: 25148384 PMCID: PMC4141718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) receptor (DR) type 1 (D1R) has been found to be expressed in luteal cells of various species, but the intrinsic role of the DA/DRs system on corpora lutea (CL) function is still unclear. Experiments were devised to characterize the expression of DR types and the presence of DA, as well as the in vitro effects of DA on hormone productions by CL in pseudopregnant rabbits. Immunoreactivity and gene expression for D1R decreased while that for D3R increased in luteal and blood vessel cells from early to late pseudopregnant stages. DA immunopositivity was evidenced only in luteal cells. The DA and D1R agonist increased in vitro release of progesterone and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by early CL, whereas the DA and D3R agonist decreased progesterone and increased PGF2α in vitro release by mid- and late CL. These results provide evidence that the DA/DR system exerts a dual modulatory function in the lifespan of CL: the DA/D1R is luteotropic while the DA/D3R is luteolytic. The present data shed new light on the physiological mechanisms regulating luteal activity that might improve our ability to optimize reproductive efficiency in mammal species, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Parillo
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina veterinaria, Università di Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Margherita Maranesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze biopatologiche veterinarie ed Igiene delle produzioni animali e alimentari, Sezione di Fisiologia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Mignini
- Scuola del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della salute, Università di Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Lisa Marinelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università “G. D'Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Cristiano Boiti
- Dipartimento di Scienze biopatologiche veterinarie ed Igiene delle produzioni animali e alimentari, Sezione di Fisiologia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Zerani
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina veterinaria, Università di Camerino, Matelica, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Panzani D, Zicchino I, Taras A, Marmorini P, Crisci A, Rota A, Camillo F. Clinical use of dopamine antagonist sulpiride to advance first ovulation in transitional mares. Theriogenology 2011; 75:138-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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King S, Douglas B, Roser J, Silvia W, Jones K. Differential luteolytic function between the physiological breeding season, autumn transition and persistent winter cyclicity in the mare. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 117:232-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
The mare provides a unique experimental model for studying follicle development in monovular species. Development of antral follicles in horses is characterized by the periodic growth of follicular waves which often involve the selection of a single dominant follicle. If properly stimulated, the dominant follicle will complete development and eventually ovulate a fertile oocyte. Regulation of follicular wave emergence and follicle selection involves an interplay between circulating gonadotropins and follicular factors that ensures that individual follicles are properly stimulated to grow (or to regress) at any given stage of follicular wave development. Periodic development of follicular waves continuously occurs during most of post-natal life in the mare and is influenced by factors such as stage of oestrous cycle, season, pregnancy, age, breed and individual so that different types of follicular waves (minor or major, ovulatory or anovulatory) and different levels of activity within waves may develop under different physiological conditions. Changes in gonadotropin levels and/or in the sensitivity of follicles to circulating gonadotropins seem to account largely for these physiological variations in follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- F X Donadeu
- Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Review on Effects of Fescue Grass Ergot Alkaloids in the Horse and Preliminary Study on Effect of Fescue Grass Ergot Alkaloid in the Stallion. J Equine Vet Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2008.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dopamine Antagonist Affects Luteal Function But Not Cyclicity During the Autumn Transition. J Equine Vet Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2008.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Rey-Ares V, Lazarov N, Berg D, Berg U, Kunz L, Mayerhofer A. Dopamine receptor repertoire of human granulosa cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2007; 5:40. [PMID: 17961240 PMCID: PMC2206026 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-5-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of dopamine (DA) were described in human ovary and recently evidence for DA receptors in granulosa and luteal cells has been provided, as well. However, neither the full repertoire of ovarian receptors for DA, nor their specific role, is established. Human granulosa cells (GCs) derived from women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) are an adequate model for endocrine cells of the follicle and the corpus luteum and were therefore employed in an attempt to decipher their DA receptor repertoire and functionality. METHODS Cells were obtained from patients undergoing IVF and examined using cDNA-array, RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. In addition, calcium measurements (with FLUO-4) were employed. Expression of two DA receptors was also examined by in-situ hybridization in rat ovary. Effects of DA on cell viability and cell volume were studied by using an ATP assay and an electronic cell counter system. RESULTS We found members of the two DA receptor families (D1- and D2 -like) associated with different signaling pathways in human GCs, namely D1 (as expected) and D5 (both are Gs coupled and linked to cAMP increase) and D2, D4 (Gi/Gq coupled and linked to IP3/DAG). D3 was not found. The presence of the trophic hormone hCG (10 IU/ml) in the culture medium for several days did not alter mRNA (semiquantitative RT-PCR) or protein levels (immunocytochemistry/Western blotting) of D1,2,4,5 DA receptors. Expression of prototype receptors for the two families, D1 and D2, was furthermore shown in rat granulosa and luteal cells by in situ hybridization. Among the DA receptors found in human GCs, D2 expression was marked both at mRNA and protein levels and it was therefore further studied. Results of additional RT-PCR and Western blots showed two splice variants (D2L, D2S). Irrespective of these variants, D2 proved to be functional, as DA raised intracellular calcium levels. This calcium mobilizing effect of DA was observed in the absence of extracellular calcium and was abolished by a D2 blocker (L-741,626). DA treatment (48 h) of human GCs resulted in slightly, but significantly enlarged, viable cells. CONCLUSION A previous study showed D2 in human GCs, which are linked to cAMP, and the present study reveals the full spectrum of DA receptors present in these endocrine cells, which also includes D2-like receptors, linked to calcium. Ovarian DA can act thus via D1,2,4,5, which are co-expressed by endocrine cells of the follicle and the corpus luteum and are linked to different signaling pathways. This suggests a complex role of DA in the regulation of ovarian processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Rey-Ares
- Anatomisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Nikolai Lazarov
- Anatomisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Dieter Berg
- Assisted Reproductive Technologies Bogenhausen, München, Germany
| | - Ulrike Berg
- Assisted Reproductive Technologies Bogenhausen, München, Germany
| | - Lars Kunz
- Anatomisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Anatomisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), München, Germany
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18
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Spattini G, Borghi V, Thuróczy J, Balogh L, Scaramuzzi RJ, De Rensis F. Follicular development and plasma concentrations of LH and prolactin in anestrous female dogs treated with the dopamine agonist cabergoline. Theriogenology 2007; 68:826-33. [PMID: 17689603 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2006] [Revised: 05/25/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of a daily administration of a dopamine agonist (cabergoline, 5 microg/kg) for 4 weeks, starting about 95 days after the end of estrus on follicular development and its relationship with LH and prolactin secretion has been investigated in two groups of anestrous bitches (Beagles and Greyhounds). Pro-estrus was detected in 80% (8/10) of beagles and 50% (3/6) of treated greyhounds. The mean inter-estrus interval of treated animals was 132+/-5.0 and 169+/-7.0 days for beagles and greyhounds, respectively, and in both this differed significantly from the cycle preceding treatment (192+/-9.0 and 198+/-12.0 days) and from that in untreated bitches (194+/-11.0 and 196+/-11.0 days for beagles and greyhounds, respectively (all comparisons at P<0.001). The interval from the beginning of treatment to pro-estrus in responding animals was 13.3+/-1.90 days in beagles and 20.3+/-1.70 days in greyhounds. Cabergoline increased (P<0.001) the length of pro-estrus (10.6+/-0.50 and 11.7+/-0.50 days) in the treated estrus cycle compared to the previous estrus cycle (8.4+/-0.30 and 8.8+/-0.40 days for in beagles and greyhound, respectively). Ovarian enlargement and follicle development was detected by ultrasound in 90% of treated beagles and in 83% of greyhound between the second and third weeks of treatment, but only 80% of beagles and 66% of treated greyhound displayed pro-estrus and estrus. In the treated bitches, mean plasma LH increased (P<0.001) before pro-estrus. There was high variability in mean plasma prolactin levels between animals. These data indicate that the administration of the dopamine agonist cabergoline to anestrous bitches increases mean LH plasma levels and induces follicular development shortly before pro-estrus but this activity is not always followed by pro-estrus and estrus. Finally, prolactin per se does not have a prominent role in the control of folliculogenesis in the bitch.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Spattini
- Department of Animal Health, Fac. Vet. Med., University of Parma, Italy
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19
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King SS, Jones KL, Mullenix BA, Heath DT. Seasonal relationships between dopamine D1 and D2 receptor and equine FSH receptor mRNA in equine ovarian epithelium. Anim Reprod Sci 2007; 108:259-66. [PMID: 17935915 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) blockade during anestrus or early spring transition can facilitate ovarian recrudescence and advance the timing of the first ovulation of the season. Some laboratories have reported variable results using DA antagonists to stimulate follicular growth during the mid-portion of the anestrual period. Differences in DA antagonist efficacy may be due to the FSH secretory status of the anestrous mare and the presence or absence of functional ovarian FSH receptors. We hypothesize that direct ovarian dopaminergic input can affect follicular growth through regulation of FSH receptor (FSHr) populations. To investigate this, the amount of DA D1 and D2 receptor (D1r, D2r) and FSHr mRNA was quantified in ovarian tissues in anestrous and mares expressing estrus at typical intervals that are detected during the breeding season. Ovaries (n=26) were collected from 10 anestrous mares and 13 mares that had initiated estrous cycles (n=8 luteal; n=5 follicular phase). The quantity of D1r and D2r mRNA and FSHr mRNA was determined in cortex of both groups and granulosa/theca (those having initiated estrous cycles) tissues by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction using the comparative cycle time method. The reference gene was glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The fold-change for each sample was calculated based on a calibrator sample. Fold-change values for D1r and D2r were the dependent variable and tissue was the independent variable in a one-way ANOVA. Results of fold-change in FSHr were compared by ANCOVA due to unequal sample sizes from each mare. Correlations between receptors within each tissue type were determined. For each receptor type and tissue, correlations between follicular and luteal phases were determined. The fold-change of D1r mRNA was less than D2r mRNA in all tissue types and between seasons. The quantity of D2r message in ovarian cortex was greater (p<0.05) during anestrus than after estrous cycles had been initiated. Fold-change in D2r in granulosa/theca was not different dependant on estrous cycle phase or follicle size. Quantity of FSHr mRNA was less in anestrous ovarian cortex and greater after estrous cycles had been initiated. FSHr mRNA fold-change in the ovarian cortex after estrous cycle initiation was not different between estrous cycle phases, but was greater in smaller (<30mm) follicles compared with larger (> or =30mm) follicles. We have demonstrated an inverse temporal relation between ovarian D2r and FSHr in mares dependant upon season. The functional significance of this relationship deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S King
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Mailcode 4417, 1205 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Indications for estrus induction in the dog and cat include potential missed breeding opportunities or conception failure, the treatment of primary or secondary anestrus, out-of-season breeding (feline) and synchronization of ovulation for embryo transfer programs. Reported methods for estrus induction in bitches and queens include the use of synthetic estrogens (diethylstilbesterol), dopamine agonists (bromocriptine and cabergoline), GnRH agonists (lutrelin, buserelin, fertirelin, deslorelin, and leuprolide), exogenous gonadotropins (LH, FSH, hCG, PMSG, and human menopausal gonadotropin) and opiate antagonists (naloxone). These methods vary widely in efficacy of inducing estrus as well as in the fertility of the induced estrus. The applicability of some of these methods for clinical practice is questionable. This review will summarize published reports on estrus induction in canids and felids, both wild and domestic, and provide an update on research using a long-acting injectable deslorelin preparation in bitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Kutzler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 209 Magruder Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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21
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Donadeu FX, Watson ED. Seasonal changes in ovarian activity: Lessons learnt from the horse. Anim Reprod Sci 2007; 100:225-42. [PMID: 17207590 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Revised: 11/24/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The annual reproductive cycle in the horse involves a reduction in ovarian activity during short days. The absence of ovulatory activity during winter has important consequences for an equine industry eager to breed mares early during the year. The anovulatory season results from a reduction in the secretion of pituitary gonadotropin that is in turn triggered by the inhibitory effects of short photoperiod on the hypothalamus-pituitary axis. Recent studies have provided evidence that the response of the ovaries to endocrine stimuli during the anovulatory season is affected not only by circulating concentrations of trophic hormones but also by locally produced growth factors that are putative modulators of follicular responses to gonadotropins. The present review summarises current knowledge on ovarian dynamics during the equine anovulatory season and the regulatory mechanisms involved at both systemic and local levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- F X Donadeu
- Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
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22
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Otth C, Torres M, Ramírez A, Fernandez JC, Castro M, Rauch MC, Brito M, Yañez AJ, Rodríguez-Gil JE, Slebe JC, Concha II. Novel identification of peripheral dopaminergic D2 receptor in male germ cells. J Cell Biochem 2007; 100:141-50. [PMID: 16924680 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine is a recognized modulator in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral organ functions. The presence of peripheral dopamine receptors outside the CNS has suggested an intriguing interaction between the nervous system and other functional systems, such as the reproductive system. In the present study we analyzed the expression of D2R receptors in rat testis, rat spermatogenic cells and spermatozoa, in different mammals. The RT-PCR analysis of rat testis mRNA showed specific bands corresponding to the two dopamine receptor D2R (L and S) isoforms previously described in the brain. Using Western blot analysis, we confirmed that the protein is present in rat testis, isolated spermatogenic cells and also in spermatozoa of a range of different mammals, such as rat, mouse, bull, and human. The immunohistochemistry analysis of rat adult testis showed that the receptor was expressed in all germ cells (pre- and post-meiotic phase) of the tubule with staining predominant in spermatogonia. Confocal analysis by indirect immunofluorescence revealed that in non-capacitated spermatozoa of rat, mouse, bull, and human, D2R is mainly localized in the flagellum, and is also observed in the acrosomal region of the sperm head (except in human spermatozoa). Our findings demonstrate that the two D2 receptor isoforms are expressed in rat testis and that the receptor protein is present in different mammalian spermatozoa. The presence of D2R receptors in male germ cells implies new and unsuspected roles for dopamine signaling in testicular and sperm physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Otth
- Instituto de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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23
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Nocillado JN, Levavi-Sivan B, Carrick F, Elizur A. Temporal expression of G-protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH), and dopamine receptor D2 (drd2) in pubertal female grey mullet, Mugil cephalus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2007; 150:278-87. [PMID: 17083940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2006] [Revised: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled receptor 54 (muGPR54) cDNA was cloned from the brain of the grey mullet, and its expression level, as well as those of the gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH1, GnRH2, GnRH3) and dopamine receptor D2 (drd2), in the brain, pituitary and ovary of pubertal fish (early, intermediate, advanced) were determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (QPCR). The muGPR54 cDNA has an open reading frame of 1140 bp with a predicted 380 amino acid peptide, containing seven putative transmembrane domains and putative N-glycosylation and protein kinase C phosphorylation sites. QPCR results showed that the early stage of puberty in grey mullet is characterized by significantly high levels of expression of GPR54, GnRH and drd2 in the brain relative to the intermediate and advanced stages, except for GnRH1 that increased at the advanced stage of puberty. In the pituitary, drd2 expression declined significantly at the advanced stage relative to levels at the intermediate stage. Ovarian expression of GPR54 significantly increased from the intermediate stage of puberty relative to the early stage while that of GnRH1 acutely increased at the advanced stage of puberty. The ovarian expression of drd2 decreased as puberty progressed, but the changes were not significant. The results suggest the possible role of GPR54 and GnRH in positively regulating pubertal development in grey mullet and the dopaminergic inhibition of reproductive function mediated by drd2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine N Nocillado
- Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Bribie Island Aquaculture Research Centre, 144 North Street, Woorim 4507, Qld, Australia
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24
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De Rensis F, Spattini G, Ballabio R, Scaramuzzi RJ. The effect of administering a dopamine agonist (Cabergoline) on follicular and luteal development during pro-estrus and estrus in the female greyhound. Theriogenology 2006; 66:887-95. [PMID: 16580062 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2005] [Revised: 02/07/2006] [Accepted: 02/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To study the effect of the dopamine agonist Cabergoline, on ovarian activity in the female dog during pro-estrus and estrus, 6 greyhounds were treated with 5 microg/kg per os of Cabergoline for 20 days beginning on the first day of pro-estrus; 6 animals were left untreated (controls). Ovarian morphology was determined by ultrasound examination once a day during pro-estrus and twice a day during estrus. Follicles were divided into three classes on the basis of their diameter: F1 (<3mm), F2 (3-6mm) and F3 (>6mm). The presence and diameters of post-ovulatory follicles (F-POST) and corpora lutea (CL) were also recorded. Blood samples were taken once a day during pro-estrus and twice a day during estrus. The plasma was assayed for LH, prolactin and progesterone by radioimmunoassay. There were no differences between Cabergoline-treated and control dogs in the duration of pro-estrus or estrus. There was a progressive increase in follicle diameter from the start of pro-estrus when follicles were mainly class F1 to the day of estrus when follicles were mainly class F3. Three days after the start of estrus, the first F-POST follicles were detected. This pattern of development continued and on day 5 the first CLs were detected. By day 9, only CLs were detected. The peak of pre-ovulatory LH was within 3 days of estrus and ovulation was detected in all animals within 3 days of the LH peak. There were no differences in LH concentrations between groups. Plasma prolactin levels varied between animals and were reduced in treated dogs, however, this was not statistically significant (P=0.12). Plasma progesterone levels were below 1.0 ng/ml before the LH surge and thereafter gradually increased. There were no differences in plasma progesterone concentrations between treated and control dogs. In conclusion these results show that the administration of the dopamine agonist Cabergoline during pro-estrus and estrus did not affect the duration of pro-estrus or estrus or the pattern of follicular and luteal development in female dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Rensis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Parma, Italy.
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