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Joung PhD Pmh-Apn Rn J, Kang PhD Rn KI. Exploring the Self-Care Factors for Recovery in Alcohol Use Disorder and the Role of Peer Recovery Coaches: A Qualitative Study. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2024; 45:520-527. [PMID: 38518203 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2024.2326476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Self-care is important in addiction recovery, and peer recovery coaches (PRCs) play key roles in recovery. This qualitative study explored self-care factors for individuals recovering from alcohol use disorder and the role of PRCs in supporting these individuals' self-care. Individual interviews with five PRCs and five workers in community addiction management centers in South Korea were performed. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Two categories and six subcategories were derived. The two categories were "elements of self-care: preparation and practice for a new way of life" and "the roles of PRCs: recovery facilitators with differentiated competencies." The factors identified as being involved self-care were summarized as "changing one's thought process and attitude" and "practical enactment considering the situation." The effective roles of PRCs were "sharing specific and realistic information," "providing motivation," "building empathy," and "presenting role models as mentors." This study identified self-care factors that should be included in addiction recovery programs with the participation of PRCs and also identified the roles of the PRCs. Developing and applying nursing interventions with PRCs in clinical and community nursing settings is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyung Im Kang PhD Rn
- College of Nursing, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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Assayag N, Bar-Shalita T, Rand D. The Functional-Cognitive and Sensory Treatment (F-CaST) to improve rehabilitation outcomes of individuals with substance use disorder: a study protocol for a mixed-method randomized controlled trial. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2024; 19:28. [PMID: 38594737 PMCID: PMC11003090 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-024-00449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with executive function (EF) deficits and sensory modulation dysfunction (SMD). Yet, these deficits are not addressed therapeutically. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Functional-Cognitive and Sensory Treatment (F-CaST) compared to standard care to improve everyday performance and behavior and length of stay at the therapeutic community (TC) in individuals with SUD. In addition, to assess the improvement in EF, sensory modulation, participation, self-efficacy, life satisfaction, and use of strategies within and between groups. Satisfaction with F-CaST will also be assessed. METHODS Forty-eight participants from a community of men in a TC, aged 18-45 years will be randomly allocated to (i) F-CaST-(experimental group) providing sensory and EF strategies for improving daily function; (ii) standard care (control group) as provided in the TC. Assessments will be conducted by assessors blind to group allocation at 4 time points: T1- pre-intervention; T2- post-intervention; T3- 1-month follow-up; and T4- 3-month follow-up. Primary outcome measures will be everyday performance, assessed by the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), behavior and length of stay in the TC; secondary outcome measures will assess EF, SMD. Semi-structured in-depth qualitative interviews will be conducted at T1, T2 and T4. DISCUSSION We hypothesize that F-CaST will lead to improved everyday performance and longer length of stay in the TC, compared to the control group. If F-CaST will prove to be effective, cognitive and sensory strategies may be incorporated as an adjunctive intervention in SUD rehabilitation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05647863 Registered on 13 December 2022, https://classic. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT05647863 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Assayag
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tami Bar-Shalita
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Debbie Rand
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Garland EL, Jinpa T. Mindfulness-induced self-transcendence promotes universal love with consequent effects on opioid misuse. Behav Res Ther 2024; 175:104494. [PMID: 38395015 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
In addition to its health benefits, mindfulness has been theorized in classical contemplative frameworks to elicit self-transcendent experiences as a means of promoting universal love and compassion. Increasing feelings of love may be especially clinically relevant for the treatment of opioid misuse, in that addictive use of opioids dysregulates neurobiological processes implicated in the experience of love. Here we tested these hypotheses in a secondary analysis (n = 187) of data from a randomized clinical trial of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) versus supportive psychotherapy for comorbid opioid misuse and chronic pain. At pre- and post-treatment, participants completed a measure of state self-transcendence immediately following a laboratory-based mindfulness task. Through 9-month follow-up, we assessed changes in universal love and opioid misuse. Participants also completed ecological momentary assessments of opioid craving during the 8-week study interventions and for the following month. Compared to supportive psychotherapy, participants in MORE reported significantly greater increases in mindfulness-induced self-transcendence, which mediated the effect of MORE on increased feelings of universal love. In turn, increases in universal love significantly predicted decreased opioid craving and lower odds opioid misuse through 1- and 9-month follow-ups, respectively. Findings suggest mindfulness-induced self-transcendence may promote feelings of universal love, with possible downstream benefits on reducing addictive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Garland
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, USA.
| | - Thupten Jinpa
- School of Religious Studies, McGill University, Canada
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Collins S, Orth T, Brunton R, Dryer R. Child abuse and wellbeing: Examining the roles of self-compassion and fear of self. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 138:106089. [PMID: 36764171 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood abuse is linked to poorer well-being, yet some survivors show no prolonged effect, suggesting multifinality. Men and women also differ in the experience and sequelae of abuse supporting gender-specific analyses. To assist in circumventing poor outcomes associated with child abuse, this study examined fear of self (FoS) and self-compassion (SC) as risk and protective factors between child abuse and well-being. METHOD Australian women (N = 1302, Mage = 47.28 [13.63]) completed an online assessment of childhood abuse, psychological distress, perceived quality of life, SC, FoS. Moderated-moderation examined the different abuses as predictors of psychological distress and quality of life (QoL) and FoS and SC as primary and secondary moderators, respectively. RESULTS Physical abuse did not predict psychological distress or QoL. FoS and SC were independent predictors of distress and QoL. Similarly, childhood sexual abuse was not found to predict distress or QoL. FoS and SC were independent predictors of distress and QoL. There was also an interaction between childhood sexual abuse and SC in predicting QoL. A moderated-moderation was found for the relationship between child sexual abuse and distress. Psychological abuse predicted distress and QoL, and FoS and SC both moderated this relationship. Moreover, a moderated-moderation was observed for the relationship between psychological abuse and QoL. CONCLUSIONS Greater FoS is associated with poorer outcomes for child abuse survivors; SC may mitigate this impact. Psychological abuse was the strongest predictor of well-being. Interventions that increase SC and raise awareness of psychological abuse and its impacts are needed.
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Zhou H, Wu AMS, Su X, Chang L, Chen JH, Zhang MX, Tong KK. Childhood environment and adulthood food addiction: Testing the multiple mediations of life history strategies and attitudes toward self. Appetite 2023; 182:106448. [PMID: 36608768 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Food addiction is associated with both physical and mental health conditions, such as obesity and depression, and is considered a public health problem. Based on life history (LH) theory, this study aimed to test the association between unpredictable childhood environment and food addiction in adulthood and to examine LH strategies and attitudes toward self as psychological mediators of this association. A random sample of 1010 adults, aged from 18 to 88 years (44.8% male; Mage = 38.52, SDage = 14.53), voluntarily participated in an anonymous telephone survey conducted in Macao, China. The results of a path analysis showed the significant and positive direct effect of childhood unpredictability on food addiction and its negative association with slow LH strategy, which in turn was negatively correlated with food addiction. In addition, slow LH strategy and self-judgment, rather than self-kindness, acted as serial mediators in the association between childhood unpredictability and food addiction. These findings support the applicability of LH theory to understanding food addiction, as well as pointing to the potential risk effect of self-judgment for food addiction in adulthood. Self-judgment reduction may be a potential supplementary approach for future food addiction intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Anise M S Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Juliet Honglei Chen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Meng Xuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Humanities, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kwok Kit Tong
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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Wang Y, Liu M, Nogueira OCBL. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Internet Gaming Disorder Under the COVID-19 Pandemic Among University Students in Macao. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231158158. [PMID: 36865753 PMCID: PMC9972052 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231158158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, the zero-tolerance policy implemented in Macao affected university students' life and learning styles. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of internet gaming disorder (IGD) and analyze its risk factors among university students of Macao amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Two hundred and twenty-nine university students were recruited by convenience sampling. The cross-sectional investigation was conducted using the 9-item Chinese version of the IGD Scale, the Chinese Version of the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Chinese version of the Brief Resilience Scale. Results The prevalence was 7.4%. Compared to Non-IGD gamers, the IGD gamers were more likely to be the older, male gender, with a longer gaming history, with more game hours per day in the last month, and with a lower self-compassion score and resilience. Conclusion The prevalence of IGD increased. Students who are the older, male gender, with more gaming time, low self-compassion, and low resilience, have a high possibility of IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic
University, Macao, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Peking University Health Science Center, Macao Polytechnic University Nursing
Academy, Macao, China,Ming Liu, M707, Macao Polytechnic
University, R. de Luís Gonzaga Gomes, Macao, China.
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Uniyal R, Shahnawaz MG. Wellbeing and Problematic Smartphone Use: Serial Mediation of Mindfulness and Self-Compassion. Psychol Rep 2022:332941221141311. [PMID: 36420682 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221141311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The relationship between wellbeing and Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU) has been explored in the past, however, the role of the potential mediators of this association is a relatively neglected area of research. Therefore, the current study examined mindfulness and self-compassion as mediators of the relationship between wellbeing and PSU in 220 university students. WHO-5 Wellbeing Index, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale- State, Self-Compassion Scale- Short form and Smartphone Addiction Scale- Short version were used for assessing wellbeing, mindfulness, self-compassion, and PSU respectively. Wellbeing had a direct and indirect effect on PSU. In addition, results supported a serial mediation model where wellbeing was found to influence PSU via mindfulness and self-compassion in a sequential manner. The results expanded the Compensatory Internet Use Theory (CIUT) to understand PSU and have implications for the management of PSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Uniyal
- Department of Psychology, 28849Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Bailis DS, Single AN, Brais NJJR, Schellenberg BJI. Going for broke: Self-compassion, risky decision-making, and differences in problem gambling severity among undergraduates. SELF AND IDENTITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2104363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Bailis
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Alanna N. Single
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Joy P, Thomas A, Aston M. Compassionate Discourses: A Qualitative Study Exploring How Compassion Can Transform Healthcare for 2SLGBTQ+ People. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:1514-1526. [PMID: 35739090 PMCID: PMC9411689 DOI: 10.1177/10497323221110701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Compassion can be seen as a necessary, but often lacking, concept and practice in healthcare. Due to the cis-heteronormative nature of societies, people who identify as Two-Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (2SLGBTQ+) often experience health disparities and disparities in accessing compassionate healthcare. We aimed to explore the meanings of compassion in healthcare for Canadian 2SLGBTQ+ people. Using a poststructuralist framework, 20 self-identifying 2SLGBTQ+ participants were interviewed. Data was analyzed through discourse analysis. Three main discursive considerations are discussed, including (1) meanings and expectations of compassion in healthcare, (2) compassionate healthcare is not guaranteed, and (3) prescription for care: self-compassion for healing and health. The results provide insights into how compassionate healthcare is framed for 2SLGBTQ+ participants and how compassion is often lacking for them due to discourses of cis-heteronormativity and healthism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Joy
- Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Andrew Thomas
- Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Megan Aston
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Moore SK, Okst K, Smith L, Fatkin T, Creedon T, Fredericksen AK, Gawande R, Schuman-Olivier Z. "Today I Can Look in the Mirror and Like Myself": Effects of a Trauma-Informed Mindful Recovery Program on Self-Compassion. Front Psychol 2022; 13:780383. [PMID: 35719537 PMCID: PMC9201725 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.780383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Opioid-related deaths continue to rise. Psychological trauma is commonly comorbid with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). Adverse childhood experiences can disrupt the development of emotion regulation, increasing risk of substance use. Self-compassion may reduce OUD risk and outcomes by facilitating emotion regulation, decreasing the toxicity of shame, and reducing internalized stigma that can hinder recovery. Mindfulness practice enhances self-compassion. Methods This study is part of a pilot (N = 18) of the Mindful Recovery OUD Care Continuum (M-ROCC) during buprenorphine office-based opioid treatment (OBOT). The present study was conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the intervention’s effects on self-compassion development, and to explore differential changes in self-compassion during the intervention among participants with varying intensity of trauma exposure measured by high levels of childhood adversity (defined by 4+ adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) at baseline). We conducted secondary analyses of a subset of qualitative interview data (N = 11 unique participants) collected for the pilot study (weeks 4 and 24, 14 total interviews) to elaborate upon changes in Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-SF) scores. Results In the primary pilot study, participants’ mean SCS-SF scores shifted significantly from baseline to week 24, β = 0.22, p = 0.028. This change is elaborated upon through interviews. Despite pervasive challenges to becoming more self-compassionate (e.g., trauma histories and substance use), participants reported increased compassionate self-responding and decreased uncompassionate self-responding. Mindfulness training was identified as the primary mechanism underlying the shift. Kindness to self and others and—to a lesser extent an increased sense of common humanity—were also identified as key to overall self-compassion. Compared to those in the lower ACEs group, participants in the higher ACEs group tended to have lower baseline self-compassion scores (d = 1.09, p = 0.055). Conclusion M-ROCC may increase self-compassion among patients with OUD during OBOT by increasing compassionate, and decreasing uncompassionate, self-responding. Patients with OUD with greater childhood adversity tended to have lower levels of self-compassion, which improved with M-ROCC. Future trials with larger samples are needed to confirm these potential outcomes, mechanisms, and differential impacts between ACEs subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Moore
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Kayley Okst
- Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lydia Smith
- Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Thomas Fatkin
- Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Timothy Creedon
- Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - A Kiera Fredericksen
- Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Richa Gawande
- Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Zev Schuman-Olivier
- Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Somohano VC, Vasquez A, Shank T, Irrgang M, Newman AG, Evans C, Wyse J, Denneson L, O'Neil M, Lovejoy T. Perceptions of Women With Comorbid PTSD and Substance Use Disorder on Mechanisms Underlying Mindfulness-Based Interventions. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Geng J, Bao L, Wang H, Wang J, Gao T, Lei L. Does childhood maltreatment increase the subsequent risk of problematic smartphone use among adolescents? A two-wave longitudinal study. Addict Behav 2022; 129:107250. [PMID: 35091198 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of longitudinal data on the relationship between childhood maltreatment and problematic smartphone use and its underlying mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and adolescent problematic smartphone use and explore the mediating effects of basic psychological needs and self-compassion in this relationship. We employed a two-wave longitudinal design among 890 Chinese adolescents (49.0% males, mean age at Time 2 = 15.96 ± 0.46 years). They completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale at Time 1, and the Basic Need Satisfaction Scale, the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale at Time 2. The results indicated that prior maltreatment experiences positively predicted adolescents' subsequent problematic smartphone use (p < .001); and basic psychological needs satisfaction and self-compassion did not parallelly mediate the relationship between prior maltreatment experiences and subsequent problematic smartphone use. Finally, basic psychological needs satisfaction and self-compassion completely and sequentially mediated the relationship between prior maltreatment experiences and subsequent problematic smartphone use. Interventions that target students engaging in problematic smartphone use should focus on reducing childhood maltreatment and improving their psychological needs satisfaction and self-compassion.
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Women's Substance Use and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Womens Health Issues 2022; 32:235-240. [PMID: 35246351 PMCID: PMC8776461 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Women are experiencing greater unemployment and increased stress from childcare responsibilities than men during the COVID-19 pandemic. Women with these experiences may be at particular risk for mental illness and increased substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the study was to assess women's substance use, mental health, and experiences of COVID-19 pandemic impacts. Methods A national online survey was administered to adult women from September to November 2020. The survey included questionnaires assessing mental health, loneliness, intolerance for uncertainty, social support, substance use, and intimate partner violence (IPV). Results A total of 499 women responded; most were White, college educated, and in their mid-30s. Of the 20.24% who acknowledged at least one IPV problem, 29.7% stated that their IPV problems have gotten worse since the pandemic began, and 16.83% said that they have increased their drug or alcohol use to cope with their relationship problems. Anxiety, perceived daily impact of COVID-19, and lower self-efficacy were significant predictors of COVID-19 anxiety. Those with risky alcohol use had significantly higher anxiety (p = .028) and depression (p = .032) than those with low-risk alcohol use. Conclusions Greater anxiety about COVID-19, greater reported changes in daily life due to the pandemic, and high-risk alcohol use are related to greater mental health–related distress among women. For some, IPV has gotten worse during the pandemic and drug or alcohol use is a coping mechanism.
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14
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Gao L, Yang C, Yang X, Chu X, Liu Q, Zhou Z. Negative emotion and problematic mobile phone use: The mediating role of rumination and the moderating role of social support. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU) Ministry of Education WuhanChina
- School of Psychology Central China Normal University WuhanChina
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU) Ministry of Education WuhanChina
- School of Psychology Central China Normal University WuhanChina
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU) Ministry of Education WuhanChina
- School of Psychology Central China Normal University WuhanChina
| | - Xiaowei Chu
- Institute of Psychological and Brain Sciences Zhejiang Normal University JinhuaChina
| | - Qingqi Liu
- Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior School of Education Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
| | - Zongkui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU) Ministry of Education WuhanChina
- School of Psychology Central China Normal University WuhanChina
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15
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Chinweuba DC, Ifeagwazi CM, Chinweuba AU, Chukwuorji JC. Does self-concealment and self-compassion differentially influence substance use for male versus female adolescents? JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.2018726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anthonia Ukamaka Chinweuba
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Schick MR, Spillane NS, Breines JG, Kahler CW. Positive Psychological Characteristics and Substance Use in First Nation Adolescents. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1196-1206. [PMID: 35481417 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2069266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundNorth American Indigenous (NAI) adolescents experience disproportionate harm related to substance use compared to non-Indigenous adolescents. Strengths-based approaches to substance use prevention and treatment are consistent with Indigenous conceptualizations of health, which tend to be holistic and incorporate more spirituality and community than mainstream Western conceptualizations. Despite this, little is known about how positive psychological characteristics that might confer protection relate to substance use among NAI adolescents. Thus, the present study aims to examine the relations among life satisfaction, subjective happiness, self-compassion, and cigarette, marijuana, alcohol, and other drug use. MethodsParticipants were 106 reserve-dwelling First Nation adolescents located in Eastern Canada (Mage= 14.6 years, 50.0% female) who completed a paper-and-pencil survey regarding their substance use and psychological characteristics for a larger community-based participatory research project. ResultsGreater life satisfaction was significantly associated with decreased odds of lifetime (OR = 0.88, 95%CI [0.81, 0.96]) and current cigarette smoking (OR = 0.90, 95%CI [0.82, 0.99]). Greater subjective happiness was significantly associated with decreased odds of current marijuana use (OR = 0.83, 95%CI [0.71, 0.97]). Although significantly correlated with lower lifetime use of other drugs, self-compassion was not significantly associated with lifetime or current odds of substance use after controlling for age, gender, and other positive characteristics. DiscussionThis is one of the first studies to evaluate positive characteristics and substance use in NAI adolescents. Results point to positive characteristics that may be useful in substance use prevention and suggest the need for further research to further elucidate these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Schick
- Department of Psychology, PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nichea S Spillane
- Department of Psychology, PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Juliana G Breines
- Department of Psychology, PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Christopher W Kahler
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Shreffler J, Thomas JJ, McGee S, Ferguson B, Kelley J, Cales R, Cales S, Huecker M. Self-compassion in individuals with substance use disorder: the association with personal growth and well-being. J Addict Dis 2021; 40:366-372. [PMID: 34935606 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.2005382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Substance Use Disorder (SUD) who do not have empathy toward oneself, or self-compassion, may limit their opportunities for personal growth and overall well-being. Due to scarce empirical studies examining interactions between self-compassion, personal growth and well-being in persons with SUD, the goal of this research was to examine associations among these concepts. A survey was administered to patients in treatment for SUD using validated scales (Sussex-Oxford Compassion for the Self Scale (SSOCS-S), Personal Growth Initiative (PGI) Scale-II, and World Health Organization (WHO)-5 Well-Being Index) and 153 responses were collected. Over two-thirds (69.9%) of the sample were seeking treatment for addiction to prescription opioids; other substances used included heroin (37.3%), methamphetamine (30.7%), benzodiazepines (17%), fentanyl (15.7%), cocaine (9.8%), alcohol (9.8%), and other substances (3.9%). Gender identity, age, and length of treatment did not correlate with personal growth or well-being. Total self-compassion was significantly associated with personal growth initiative (r = .568, p < 0.001) and each of PGI subscales. Additionally, total self-compassion was significantly associated with well-being (r = .567, p < 0.001). When interacting with persons with SUD, we should instill the practice of self-compassion which may help accomplish personal growth and enhance well-being. These individuals need support and humanity from not only providers and loved ones, but also themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Shreffler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - J Jeremy Thomas
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Suzanne McGee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Brian Ferguson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Keesler Air Force Base, Emergency Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Justin Kelley
- Undergraduate Medical Education, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rick Cales
- NuLease Medical Solutions, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Martin Huecker
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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18
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Berman BM, Kurlancheek K. The Choice Point Model of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy With Inpatient Substance Use and Co-occurring Populations: A Pilot Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:758356. [PMID: 34777161 PMCID: PMC8581629 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.758356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an empirically supported treatment which aims to enhance self-acceptance and a commitment to core values. The present study examined the effectiveness of the Choice Point model of ACT in a residential substance use disorder (SUD) setting. Choice Point is a contemporary approach to ACT and targets transdiagnostic processes. Methods: This uncontrolled quasi-experimental design assessed 47 participants taking part in Choice Point for Substances (CHOPS) in order to investigate its influence on psychological inflexibility, values-based action, and self-compassion over time. The study additionally assessed for sleeper effects and associations between transdiagnostic processes and warning signs of relapse. Results: Findings demonstrated a decrease in psychological inflexibility and increases in values-based action and self-compassion over time. Gains were maintained at follow-up, and sleeper effects were observed for psychological inflexibility and mindfulness. Correlational analysis suggested that all transdiagnostic processes were related to warning signs of relapse at follow-up. Conclusion: These results provide preliminary evidence for the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of CHOPS for SUD. Observed sleeper effects in psychological inflexibility and mindfulness indicate that CHOPS may provide longer-term benefits critical to a population where relapse is common. While encouraging, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Future research should utilize comparison groups when investigating CHOPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Berman
- Retreat Behavioral Health, Department of Psychology, Ephrata, PA, United States
| | - Kris Kurlancheek
- Retreat Behavioral Health, Clinical Department, Ephrata, PA, United States
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19
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Shahin MAH, Hamed SA, Taha SM. Correlation of self-compassion and spiritual well-being with drug craving in people with substance use disorders. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43045-021-00132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Globally, drug abuse is a serious and exacerbating phenomenon, not only in terms of its prevalence and its impact on individuals, families, professional and social aspects but also because of its economic and medical repercussions. Cravings, the main feature of addiction, are the drivers of continued drug abuse and a return to addiction after recovery. This research aimed to explore the relationship between self-compassion and spiritual well-being with drug cravings. This research used a descriptive correlational study design. The study sample consisted of all accessible addiction patients who had visited the outpatient clinics or were admitted to the Addiction Unit of the Psychiatry Department at Mansoura University Hospital during a 3-month period from October to December 2020. Patients were asked to respond to questionnaires assessing self-compassion, spiritual well-being, and drug craving.
Results
The results showed that the majority of the participants had a moderate level of self-compassion and spiritual well-being. However, drug cravings were negatively related to both self-compassion and spiritual well-being.
Conclusions
People with drug addiction consistently need programs to increase their self-compassion and spiritual well-being to overcome the intensity of cravings. Improving feelings of self-compassion and spiritual well-being has a positive effect in reducing craving for substance abuse among drug-addict patients.
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20
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Hand DJ, Fischer AC, Gannon ML, McLaughlin KA, Short VL, Abatemarco DJ. Comprehensive and compassionate responses for opioid use disorder among pregnant and parenting women. Int Rev Psychiatry 2021; 33:514-527. [PMID: 34176410 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2021.1908966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pregnant and parenting women with opioid use disorder face multiple challenges to recovery. Trauma histories, poverty, stigma and discrimination, and lack of access to treatment intersect to marginalise this population. It is important that pregnant and parenting women with opioid use disorder receive comprehensive care to improve their health, the health of their child(ren), and prevent the intergenerational transmission of opioid and other substance use disorders. For nearly 50 years the Maternal Addiction Treatment, Education, and Research program has provided an evolving and expanding range of comprehensive services for treating opioid and other substance use disorders in this population. In this review the rationale for, and processes by which, key components of a comprehensive approach are discussed. These components include patient navigation for access to care, low-barrier medications for opioid use disorder, effective trauma-responsive therapy, prenatal and well-child healthcare, and other support services that make it possible for pregnant and parenting women to engage in treatment and improve the health of the entire family. Additionally, a method for supporting staff to build resilience and reduce fatigue and burnout is discussed. These components comprise an effective model of care for pregnant and parenting women with opioid and other substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Hand
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alice C Fischer
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meghan L Gannon
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly A McLaughlin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vanessa L Short
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Diane J Abatemarco
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Shibata M, Burkauskas J, Dores AR, Kobayashi K, Yoshimura S, Simonato P, De Luca I, Cicconcelli D, Giorgetti V, Carvalho IP, Barbosa F, Monteiro C, Murai T, Gómez-Martínez MA, Demetrovics Z, Ábel KE, Szabo A, Ventola ARM, Arroyo-Anlló EM, Santos-Labrador RM, Griskova-Bulanova I, Pranckeviciene A, Bersani G, Fujiwara H, Corazza O. Exploring the Relationship Between Mental Well-Being, Exercise Routines, and the Intake of Image and Performance Enhancing Drugs During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Comparison Across Sport Disciplines. Front Psychol 2021; 12:689058. [PMID: 34295291 PMCID: PMC8290335 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.689058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Physical distancing under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a significant impact on lifestyles, including exercise routines. In this study, we examined the relationship between mental health and addictive behaviors, such as excessive exercise and the use of image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs) across 12 sport disciplines. Materials and methods: A large cross-sectional sample of the adult population (N = 2,295) was surveyed. The mean age was 33.09 (SD = 11.40). The number of male participants was 668 (30.0%). The use of IPEDs was assessed in conjunction with psychometric measures such as the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) and the Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI). The participants were grouped into activity group (AG) and non-activity group (NAG) according to the presence or absence of their exercise habits. The results were compared between these groups, as well as across sport disciplines, while taking into account the relationship between different psychological measures and IPEDs consumption. Results: The frequency of IPEDs use was higher among AG (34.6%) than NAG (14.6%), although AG participants reported less history of addictions (7.1%) than NAG (11.8%). The logistic regression analysis revealed that scores equal to or above cutoff points, in both the EAI and AAI, predicted the IPEDs use. Regarding the differences across the various sport disciplines, those who were involved in practicing Weight Lifting and Cross Fit were found to be more at risk of excessive exercising and more inclined to use a wide range of IPEDs. Conclusions: Although exercise could help to increase well-being and prevent addictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, our results show that those in the AG are particularly vulnerable to excessive IPEDs use. Sport disciplines associated with higher EAI and AAI scores have also shown a higher tendency to excessive IPEDs use. Furthermore, the factor of having above the cutoff scores in EAI or AAI in each sport could indicate larger IPEDs consumption regardless of the discipline. In light of the current findings, it is necessary to better define the "non-excessive" levels of exercise in various sport disciplines and an adequate intake of IPEDs to ensure the safety and well-being of people during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Shibata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Artemisa R Dores
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kei Kobayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yoshimura
- Department of Neurodevelopmental Psychiatry, Habilitation and Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Organization for Promotion of Neurodevelopmental Disorder Research, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Pierluigi Simonato
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria De Luca
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Dorotea Cicconcelli
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Giorgetti
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Irene P Carvalho
- Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health Department and CINTESIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Monteiro
- Department of Psychometrics, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | | | - Attila Szabo
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Eva Maria Arroyo-Anlló
- Department of Psychobiology, Neuroscience Institute of Castilla-León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Inga Griskova-Bulanova
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aiste Pranckeviciene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Giuseppe Bersani
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Hironobu Fujiwara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan.,Artificial Intelligence Ethics and Society Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ornella Corazza
- Organization for Promotion of Neurodevelopmental Disorder Research, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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22
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Spillane NS, Schick MR, Goldstein SC, Nalven T, Kahler CW. The protective effects of self-compassion on alcohol-related problems among First Nation adolescents. ADDICTION RESEARCH & THEORY 2021; 30:33-40. [PMID: 36238694 PMCID: PMC9555812 DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2021.1902994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Given the disproportionate alcohol-related consequences experienced by North American Indigenous youth, there is a critical need to identify related risk and protective factors. Self-compassion, which has been found to mitigate the effects of trauma exposure, may serve as one such protective factor given the high-degree of historical trauma and contemporary discrimination identified as contributing to the alcohol-related disparities experienced by Indigenous communities. However, no research has examined how self-compassion (i.e., the ability to be kind and accepting and to extend compassion towards oneself) plays a unique role in Indigenous peoples' experiences with alcohol. First Nation adolescents between the ages of 11 and 18 living on a reserve in Eastern Canada (N=106, M age =14.6, 50.0% female) completed a pencil-and-paper survey regarding their alcohol use, alcohol-related problems, and self-compassion. Self-compassion was significantly inversely associated with alcohol-related problems (b=-.51, p=.01, 95%CI [-.90, -.12], and significantly interacted with frequency of alcohol use in predicting alcohol-related problems (b=-.42, p=.04, 95%CI [-.82, -.03]). Simple slopes analyses revealed that the association between frequency of alcohol use and frequency of experiencing alcohol-related problems was significant and positive at low (b=4.68, p<.001, 95%CI [2.62, 6.73]), but was not significant at high (b=-.29, p=.89, 95%CI [-4.35, 3.77]) levels of self-compassion. Binary logistic regression revealed that higher scores of self-compassion were associated with a lower odds of being in the high-risk group for AUD (OR=0.90, 95%CI [0.83, 0.98], p=.02). Our results suggest self-compassion may be protective against experiencing alcohol problems in Indigenous youth and thus may be a target for behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichea S. Spillane
- PATHS lab, Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston RI
| | - Melissa R. Schick
- PATHS lab, Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston RI
| | - Silvi C. Goldstein
- PATHS lab, Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston RI
| | - Tessa Nalven
- PATHS lab, Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston RI
| | - Christopher W. Kahler
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence RI 02912
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23
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Abdoli N, Farnia V, Radmehr F, Alikhani M, Moradinazar M, Khodamoradi M, Salemi S, Rezaei M, Davarinejad O. The effect of self-compassion training on craving and self-efficacy in female patients with methamphetamine dependence: a one-year follow-up. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2020.1851406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Abdoli
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Vahid Farnia
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farnaz Radmehr
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alikhani
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moradinazar
- Behavioral Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khodamoradi
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Safora Salemi
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mansour Rezaei
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Omran Davarinejad
- Behavioral Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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24
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Eaton E, Capone C, Shea MT, Cameron A. Evaluation of Self-Compassion Focused Group Treatment for Co-Occurring PTSD and Substance Use in Veterans with Posttraumatic Guilt: A Case Study. Int J Group Psychother 2020; 70:481-508. [PMID: 38449164 DOI: 10.1080/00207284.2020.1805617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUD) following combat exposure affects a significant proportion of military veterans. Guilt and shame are common to PTSD-SUD, suggesting a possible role as a mechanism underlying both disorders. Cultivating self-compassion (SC) among veterans is a logical approach to treating guilt and shame. The purpose of this article is threefold: (a) present scientific theories of SC in the veteran population with emphasis on PTSD, substance use, and guilt and shame; (b) present a case study that highlights how self-compassion-focused treatment (SCFT) can be utilized in a group format with veterans with PTSD-SUD and posttraumatic guilt; and (c) discuss implications of our findings for refining SCFT within a group intervention setting among this population and for future research.
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25
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Assayag N, Bonneh Y, Parush S, Mell H, Kaplan Neeman R, Bar-Shalita T. Perceived Sensitivity to Pain and Responsiveness to Non-noxious Sensation in Substance Use Disorder. PAIN MEDICINE 2020; 21:1902-1912. [PMID: 31782772 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnz292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This comparative cross-sectional study aimed to characterize individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) in self-perception of pain sensitivity, experimental auditory aversiveness, and non-noxious sensory responsiveness, as well as examine the associations with SUD. METHODS Therapeutic community (TC) individuals with SUD (N = 63, male 88.9%) and healthy controls (N = 60, male 86.7%) completed the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) and the Sensory Responsiveness Questionnaire-Intensity Scale (SRQ-IS), followed by a psychophysical auditory battery, the Battery of Averseness to Sounds (BAS)-Revised. RESULTS The SUD group scored higher on the PSQ (P < 0.0001), BAS-R aversiveness (P < 0.0001), BAS-R-unpleasantness (P < 0.0001), and on the aftersensation of auditory aversiveness (P < 0.0001) and unpleasantness (P < 0.000). Fifty-four percent of the SUD group vs 11.7% of the control group were identified as having sensory modulation dysfunction (SMD; P < 0.0001). Logistic regression modeling revealed that the SRQ-IS-Aversive score had a stronger relationship, indicating a 12.6-times odds ratio for SUD (P = 0.0002). Finally, a risk score calculated from a linear combination of the logistic regression model parameters is presented based on the PSQ and SRQ. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to explore sensory and aversive domains using experimental and self-reporting in situ, revealing pain perception alteration that co-occurs with high prevalence of SMD, specifically of the over-responsive type. Findings may be significant in clinical practice for treating pain, and for expanding therapeutic modalities as part of broader rehabilitation in TC and beyond, to better meet personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Assayag
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Occupational Therapy, Hadassah and Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoram Bonneh
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Shula Parush
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Occupational Therapy, Hadassah and Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haim Mell
- Yezreel Valley College, Afula, Israel
| | - Ricky Kaplan Neeman
- Department of Communication Disorders, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tami Bar-Shalita
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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26
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Garner AR, Gilbert SE, Shorey RC, Gordon KC, Moore TM, Stuart GL. A Longitudinal Investigation on the Relation between Self-Compassion and Alcohol Use in a Treatment Sample: A Brief Report. Subst Abuse 2020; 14:1178221820909356. [PMID: 32158217 PMCID: PMC7047423 DOI: 10.1177/1178221820909356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol misuse is often a chronic problem such that relapses following treatment are common. One potential protective factor for alcohol misuse is self-compassion, which includes self-kindness, feelings of common humanity, and mindfulness when faced with personal suffering and hardships. This study tested the hypothesis that self-compassion, and specifically self-compassion promoting facets including self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness, were longitudinally associated with reduced alcohol use among a sample of men and women in substance use disorder treatment (N = 62). Results partially supported the hypothesis, in that only the mindfulness facet of self-compassion was associated with decreased alcohol use over time. Sex and age differences as they related to the positive facets of self-compassion and alcohol use emerged. These findings suggest that positive facets of self-compassion may be beneficial factors to cultivate in alcohol treatment programs.
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27
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Memedovic S, Slade T, Ross J, Darke S, Mills KL, Marel C, Burns L, Lynskey M, Teesson M. Rumination and problematic substance use among individuals with a long-term history of illicit drug use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 203:44-50. [PMID: 31404848 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rumination is a cognitive process that is implicated in the development and maintenance of various forms of psychopathology, including problematic substance use. Most studies on the role of rumination in substance use have been conducted among community samples or individuals with alcohol use disorders and have predominately focused on overall rumination rather than differentiating between its subtypes, ruminative brooding and ruminative reflection. The current study therefore aimed to investigate i) whether rumination subtypes are associated with problematic substance use among people with a long-term history of illicit drug use independently of related psychological disorders (depression and post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]), and ii) whether gender moderates these relationships. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from the Australian Treatment Outcome Study (ATOS); a naturalistic prospective cohort study of people with heroin dependence. At the 11-year follow-up of ATOS, a total of 380 participants completed measures of rumination, depression, PTSD, and indices of problematic substance use. RESULTS Hierarchical logistic regression analyses indicated that higher brooding scores were associated with current heroin dependence (OR = 1.11, CI: 1.01-1.22), polydrug use (OR = 1.16, CI: 1.06-1.28) and experience of injection related health problems (OR = 1.08, CI: 1.00-1.17), independently of depression, PTSD, and other covariates. Reflection was not related to any of the substance use measures. These results were not moderated by gender. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that ruminative brooding is related to a poorer substance use profile among people with long-term illicit drug use and highlight the potential benefits of targeting brooding during substance use treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Memedovic
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia.
| | - Tim Slade
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Joanne Ross
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
| | - Shane Darke
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
| | - Katherine L Mills
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Christina Marel
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Lucy Burns
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Lynskey
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Maree Teesson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Australia
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28
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Kotera Y, Rhodes C. Pathways to Sex Addiction: Relationships with Adverse Childhood Experience, Attachment, Narcissism, Self-Compassion and Motivation in a Gender-Balanced Sample. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10720162.2019.1615585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kotera
- Centre for Human Sciences Research, University of Derby, Derby, Derbyshire, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Rhodes
- Centre for Human Sciences Research, University of Derby, Derby, Derbyshire, United Kingdom
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Carlyle M, Rockliff H, Edwards R, Ene C, Karl A, Marsh B, Hartley L, Morgan CJ. Investigating the Feasibility of Brief Compassion Focused Therapy in Individuals in Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder. SUBSTANCE ABUSE-RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2019; 13:1178221819836726. [PMID: 31043786 PMCID: PMC6446438 DOI: 10.1177/1178221819836726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is reaching epidemic proportions worldwide, and is notoriously difficult to treat. Compassion focused therapy (CFT) has emerged as therapeutic tool for treating individuals exhibiting high levels of self-criticism and low self-esteem, both of which are common in OUD. Until now, however, there had been no research investigating this therapy in patients with OUD. Before running a premature clinical trial, it is important to fully assess the feasibility and acceptability of this treatment in this group of individuals. We aimed to assess the feasibility of CFT treatment in individuals with OUD in a short group intervention, which was co-created by the research team, service users and a local drugs service. The intervention involved three 2-hour sessions held over 3 weeks, where participants engaged in compassion-orientated psychoeducation and self-compassionate exercises. Individuals were randomly assigned to either the CFT group (n = 15), the active control (relaxation) group (n = 12) or the waitlist control group (n = 11). Of 103 individuals approached, 45% attended a baseline visit suggesting the treatment was acceptable to this group. A relatively low attrition rate across the 3 groups was found for CFT (21.1%), with no difference in drop-out between the groups. Qualitative analysis of interviews with participants identified a desire for more sessions. Compassion focused therapy was thus feasible and well-tolerated in those with OUD, and a further trial to evaluate any clinical differences may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Carlyle
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (PARC), College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Helen Rockliff
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (PARC), College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Crina Ene
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (PARC), College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Anke Karl
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (PARC), College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Beth Marsh
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (PARC), College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Celia Ja Morgan
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (PARC), College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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