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Somers C, Kevern C, Moore EWG, Centeio EE, Kulik N, Piotter B, Garn A, McCaughtry N. Emotion-Driven Eating and Overeating Among Fourth Graders: The Roles of Body Image, Academic Achievement, and Peer and School Factors. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2024; 94:317-326. [PMID: 37563487 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating patterns such as breakfast consumption and fruit and vegetable intake have been associated with academic achievement and cognitive function. METHOD The purpose of this study was to learn more about psychological (emotion-driven eating) and behavioral (over-eating) eating patterns and motives, and the roles of body image, academic achievement (reading and math), and social supports (peer acceptance and school attachment), among 378 fourth-grade students (55% boys) from 14 classrooms across 6 schools within a large Midwestern urban area. RESULTS Results were analyzed through a 2-group (male and female) path analysis. Boys' overeating (R2 = 9%) was not significantly predicted. Their emotional eating (R2 = 22.2%) was negatively, significantly predicted by peer acceptance and interaction of peer acceptance and school attachment. Girls' overeating (R2 = 13.6%) was negatively, significantly predicted by positive body image. Girls' emotional eating (R2 = 24.1%) was negatively significantly predicted by positive body image, math scores, and peer acceptance. CONCLUSIONS Boys' and girls' eating patterns are differentially affected by their school experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Somers
- Educational Psychology, Center for Health & Community Impact, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Carla Kevern
- Counseling Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Erin E Centeio
- Kinesiology & Rehabilitation Science, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| | - Noel Kulik
- Community Health, Center for Health & Community Impact, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Bridget Piotter
- North Central Ohio Educational Services Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Alex Garn
- Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Nate McCaughtry
- Kinesiology, Health, & Sports Studies, Center for Health & Community, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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Mason TB. Interactions of parental feeding characteristics and adolescent emotional eating in relation to unhealthful food and sugar-sweetened beverage intake among adolescents. Appetite 2024; 193:107125. [PMID: 37980952 PMCID: PMC10760998 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to examine main and interaction effects of parental feeding characteristics and adolescent emotional eating in relation to adolescents' unhealthful food and sugar-sweetened beverage intake. Data was used from the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) study, which is an internet-administered cross-sectional study of adolescent-parent dyads. There were 1573 dyads who completed all study questionnaires. Adolescents completed measures of their emotional eating and dietary intake and parents completed items of parental feeding practices and legitimacy of parental authority. Adolescents with parents who reported higher instrumental feeding, higher limiting and legitimacy of authority, and lower role modeling and stimulus control had greater unhealthful eating and sugar-sweetened beverage intake. Elevated adolescent emotional eating strengthened the positive association between parental instrumental feeding and adolescent unhealthful food and sugar-sweetened beverage intake. Elevated adolescent emotional eating weakened the negative association between parental role modeling and stimulus control and adolescent sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. There was no interaction between parental role modeling and stimulus control and adolescent emotional eating for unhealthful food intake and no interaction between parental limiting and legitimacy of authority and adolescent emotional eating for unhealthful food or sugar-sweetened beverage intake. Given these findings, adolescent obesity and nutrition interventions and preventions should target both parental feeding characteristics and adolescent emotional eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Tan JXY, Liu P. Beyond the RewP: The reward feedback-elicited LPP and its potential associations with perceived stress and internalizing symptoms in late childhood. Int J Psychophysiol 2023; 193:112237. [PMID: 37625596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Internalizing problems increase substantially during late childhood and early adolescence, which are known to be associated with elevated perceived stress as children transition into adolescence. One risk factor that may moderate the stress-symptom association is reward processing. While neurophysiological research in this field has focused on the reward positivity component (RewP) elicited during reward processing, little work has examined the reward feedback-elicited late positive potential (LPP) and its association with internalizing psychopathology. The present study examined the moderating roles of the RewP and feedback-elicited LPP in the relationship between perceived stress and internalizing symptoms in late childhood. A community sample of 115 nine-to-12-year-old children (66 girls, Mean age = 11.00 years, SD = 1.16) completed an EEG version of the reward feedback paradigm, the Doors task, and completed questionnaires on perceived stress and internalizing symptoms. A principal component analysis revealed three temporo-spatial factors that were temporally and spatially analogous to the RewP, anterior LPP, and posterior LPP, respectively. As expected, an enlarged RewP was found towards the win condition compared to the loss condition. We also observed a potentiated LPP towards loss relative to win feedback, which may reflect the evaluation and reappraisal processes following unsuccessful performance (i.e., loss). We did not, however, find significant moderating effects of any ERP components on the stress-symptom association. Our study was first to isolate the feedback-elicited LPP in a reward processing paradigm in children and provide initial evidence on the modulation of the ERP component by task conditions. Future research is warranted to further explore the functional significance of the reward feedback-elicited LPP in association with perceived stress and internalizing psychopathology in youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaron X Y Tan
- Department of Psychology, Center for Visual and Cognitive Neuroscience, North Dakota State University, United States of America.
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Psychology, Center for Visual and Cognitive Neuroscience, North Dakota State University, United States of America
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Fuente González CE, Chávez-Servín JL, de la Torre-Carbot K, Ronquillo González D, Aguilera Barreiro MDLÁ, Ojeda Navarro LR. Relationship between Emotional Eating, Consumption of Hyperpalatable Energy-Dense Foods, and Indicators of Nutritional Status: A Systematic Review. J Obes 2022; 2022:4243868. [PMID: 35634585 PMCID: PMC9132695 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4243868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
People's health is closely linked to their diet. Diet can be defined as the set of foods that are consumed in a day, and it is susceptible to being altered by various factors, such as physiological, environmental, psychological, and social. These, in turn, can be affected by an inadequate diet and/or a dysregulation of emotions. Emotions are an immediate response by the organism informing it of the degree of favorability of a certain stimulus or situation. Moods are similar to emotions but more intense and prolonged. Some studies indicate that the consumption of hyperpalatable energy-dense foods may be related to emotional eating. Emotional eating is characterized by the excessive consumption of hyperpalatable energy-dense foods, rich in sugars and fats, in response to negative emotions. But several reports also indicate that emotional eating may be associated with the presence of positive emotions, so further analysis of the available information is necessary. Consuming higher amounts of hyperpalatable energy-dense foods can lead to the accumulation of energy in the body that results in an increase in body weight, as well as other associated diseases. Obesity is the world's leading diet-related health problem. The objective of this work was to carry out a systematic review of the available literature using the Cochrane methodology, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, to evaluate the relationship between emotional eating, the consumption of hyperpalatable energy-dense foods, and indicators of nutritional status. An exhaustive search in different databases yielded 9431 scientific articles, 45 of which met the inclusion criteria. This review underscores the fact that knowing and understanding the reasons why people consume hyperpalatable energy-dense foods and the possible connection with their emotional eating can provide key data for improving and personalizing patients' nutritional treatment. This in turn can encourage compliance with treatment plans to improve people's health and quality of life using an interdisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Elizabeth Fuente González
- Master's Program in Comprehensive Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Campus Juriquilla, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, QRO 76320, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis Chávez-Servín
- Master's Program in Comprehensive Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Campus Juriquilla, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, QRO 76320, Mexico
| | - Karina de la Torre-Carbot
- Master's Program in Comprehensive Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Campus Juriquilla, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, QRO 76320, Mexico
| | - Dolores Ronquillo González
- Master's Program in Comprehensive Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Campus Juriquilla, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, QRO 76320, Mexico
| | - María de los Ángeles Aguilera Barreiro
- Master's Program in Comprehensive Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Campus Juriquilla, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, QRO 76320, Mexico
| | - Laura Regina Ojeda Navarro
- Master's Program in Comprehensive Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Campus Juriquilla, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, QRO 76320, Mexico
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Villodres GC, García-Pérez L, Corpas JM, Muros JJ. Influence of Confinement Due to COVID-19 on Physical Activity and Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Its Relationship with Self-Esteem in Pre-Adolescent Students. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:848. [PMID: 34682113 PMCID: PMC8534558 DOI: 10.3390/children8100848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity and good adherence to the Mediterranean diet are important for improving physical and mental health. Confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a lack of exercise and poor nutrition. Preadolescent mental health, specifically regarding self-esteem, may have been affected. This is particularly relevant between the ages of 10 and 14. The influence of total confinement due to COVID-19 on physical activity and Mediterranean diet adherence, and its relationship with self-esteem was studied in third-year primary school students and first-year secondary school students in the provinces of Granada and Malaga, Spain. Validated questionnaires were administered to evaluate physical activity (PAQ-C), Mediterranean diet adherence (KIDMED) and self-esteem (Rosenberg Scale). In the same way, the FAS III test was used to evaluate socioeconomic status and an ad-hoc questionnaire was developed to collect sociodemographic data and evaluate screen time. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 25.0 statistical software. During the period of total confinement, statistically significant differences were found between examined variables, according to sex, school year, school type, socioeconomic status and whether or not the participant had contracted COVID-19. These data were compared with those collected during a previous time period. Those with a low socioeconomic status and girls were most affected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Joaquín Muros
- Department of Didactics of Corporal Expression, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (G.C.V.); (L.G.-P.); (J.M.C.)
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Pre-pandemic sleep behavior and adolescents' stress during Covid-19: a prospective longitudinal study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:43. [PMID: 34461960 PMCID: PMC8404546 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively document changes in adolescents' sleep before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to examine their impact on adolescents' perceived stress. METHODS Sixty-two typically developing adolescents participated in the study before (Time 1: January 15 to March 13, 2020) and during (Time 2: May 15 to June 30, 2020) the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. At Time 1, each participant's sleep pattern was assessed in the home environment using actigraphy and sleep logs for seven consecutive nights. Adolescents completed a battery of questionnaires in which they reported on their sleep schedule, duration, and quality, as well as their activities at bedtime, their daytime sleepiness, and their social/emotional behavior. The participants' parents provided demographic information. At Time 2, each participant completed a sleep log, the same battery of questionnaires regarding sleep, and the Perceived Stress Scale. RESULTS (1) Adolescents' reported sleep was of longer duration and on a delayed schedule during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic. (2) A larger proportion of adolescents reported meeting or exceeding the recommended amount of sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic sleep. (3) "Social jet lag" disappeared during the COVID-19 pandemic. (4) A shorter reported sleep duration and higher level of arousal at bedtime at Time 1 were significant predictors of adolescents' perceived stress at Time 2-during the COVID-19 pandemic. (5) A higher levels of arousal at bedtime and lower reported sleep quality at Time 2 were concurrently associated with higher levels of perceived stress among adolescents, even when we controlled for the levels of pre-pandemic emotional or behavioral issues, sleep duration, or sleep quality. CONCLUSION Sleep duration and cognitive-emotional arousal, which are both modifiable behaviors, were associated with adolescents' perceived stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. These behaviors could be useful targets for preventive interventions aiming to reduce adolescents' stress in the face of stressogenic situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Do B, Mason TB, Yi L, Yang CH, Dunton GF. Momentary associations between stress and physical activity among children using ecological momentary assessment. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2021; 55:101935. [PMID: 33841048 PMCID: PMC8031470 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic and acute stress may have a detrimental effect on children's physical activity. Research on stress as a predictor of children's physical activity has mostly focused on stress between children, rather than how children's within-day variation in stress may predict physical activity. The current study assessed the within- and between-effects of stress on subsequent physical activity in three different time windows using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and accelerometry. Children (N = 190; MBaseline Age =10.1±0.9, 53% female, 56% self-identified Hispanic/Latino) completed six semi-annual assessment bursts across three years. During each burst, participants responded to up to seven (weekend) or three (weekday) randomly prompted EMA surveys on smartphones for seven days and wore a waist-worn accelerometer. Multi-level structural equation modeling examined within- and between-subjects effects of stress as a predictor of children's subsequent moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in the 15, 30, and 60 minutes following the EMA prompt. Latent variables were created for within- and between-subjects stress were comprised of three EMA stress items. Higher than average levels of stress (within-subjects) significantly predicted lower MVPA in the subsequent 15, 30 and 60 minutes (ps < .05). Between-subjects stress was not significantly associated with subsequent MVPA (ps > .05). Results indicate that elevated momentary stress predicts less subsequent MVPA. These findings suggest that within-day fluctuations in stress may be a barrier for children engaging in physical activity. Childhood physical activity promotion and interventions should consider the role of children's stress, aim to reduce the stress children experience throughout the day, and incorporate stress coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette Do
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Tyler B. Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Li Yi
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089 USA
| | - Chih-Hsiang Yang
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Genevieve F. Dunton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Melguizo-Ibáñez E, Viciana-Garófano V, Zurita-Ortega F, Ubago-Jiménez JL, González-Valero G. Physical Activity Level, Mediterranean Diet Adherence, and Emotional Intelligence as a Function of Family Functioning in Elementary School Students. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 8:6. [PMID: 33374312 PMCID: PMC7823491 DOI: 10.3390/children8010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Family is considered as one of the most important elements for the transmission of healthy habits that improve the lives of students. For this reason, the present study aims to describe the degree of family functionality, emotional intelligence, Mediterranean diet adherence, and extra-curricular physical activity engagement. A further aim is to perform a correlational analysis between these variables. (2) Methods: To this end, an ad hoc questionnaire was used, alongside the APGAR, KIDMED, and Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS-24). (3) Results: Finally, the data suggest that a high percentage of students need to improve their diet. Further, students reporting severe family dysfunction showed worse outcomes. Thus, levels of emotional clarity were lower when family functionality was poor. Poor diet quality was also associated with lower emotional attention, with Mediterranean diet adherence being positively related to emotional clarity and repair, as well as normal family functionality. (4) Conclusions: Boys showed higher levels of adherence to the Mediterranean diet adherence, while girls reported higher family functionality. Thus, compliance with the minimum recommendations for physical activity engagement was associated with adequate adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The importance of diet for obtaining an optimal physical condition, adequate emotional state, and family functionality is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Luis Ubago-Jiménez
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (E.M.-I.); (V.V.-G.); (F.Z.-O.); (G.G.-V.)
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Caso D, Miriam C, Rosa F, Mark C. Unhealthy eating and academic stress: The moderating effect of eating style and BMI. Health Psychol Open 2020; 7:2055102920975274. [PMID: 33294205 PMCID: PMC7708726 DOI: 10.1177/2055102920975274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between stress and unhealthy eating among undergraduate students, considering the moderation effects of BMI, eating style, and nationality. A total of 748 Italian and French students completed self-report measures of academic stress, emotional eating, restrained eating, BMI, and unhealthy eating intake. Results showed that academic stress increased unhealthy food consumption in Italian students, whereas it reduced junk food consumption in French students. Negative emotional eating and BMI moderated, respectively, the impact of academic stress on sweet food intake and snacking. Finally, no clear support was found for the moderation role of restrained eating.
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Kechter A, Black DS, Riggs NR, Warren CM, Ritt-Olson A, Chou CP, Pentz MA. Factors in the perceived stress scale differentially associate with mindfulness disposition and executive function among early adolescents. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2019; 28:814-821. [PMID: 31772488 PMCID: PMC6879097 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-018-01313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The first aim was to test the factor structure and item-loadings of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) when administered to early adolescents. The second aim was to examine associations between PSS factors, mindfulness disposition, and executive function. METHODS We analyzed data collected from 331 students in grade seven (M age=12.4, 48.9% female, 47.1% White, 26.0% Hispanic, 37.8% received free-lunch) classrooms from two ethnically/racially and socio-economically diverse schools. Participants completed paper and pencil self-report measures of stress (PSS), mindfulness disposition (Mindful Awareness Attention Scale, MAAS), and executive function (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, BRIEF). We tested the statistical association between two factors of the PSS: perceived coping and perceived distress with MAAS and BRIEF. RESULTS A two-factor model of the PSS, inclusive of perceived coping and perceived distress, fit the data better than a one-dimensional model. MAAS and BRIEF scores were inversely associated with PSS distress scores (β = -.62, p <.0001 and β = -.66, p <.0001, respectively), but not PSS coping scores (β = -.04, p = .21 and β = -.02, p = .57, respectively) in a model adjusted for sex, race, and socio-economic status. CONCLUSIONS Two factors in the PSS emerged among early adolescents and differentially associated with mindfulness disposition and executive function to similar magnitudes. Findings encourage future assessment of perceived stress in a more refined manner across developmental stages in order to examine trajectories of perceived distress versus perceived coping in relation to mindfulness disposition and executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afton Kechter
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - David S. Black
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Nathaniel R. Riggs
- Human Development and Family Studies & Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University
| | - Christopher M. Warren
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Anamara Ritt-Olson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Chih-Ping Chou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Mary Ann Pentz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
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Berg Schmidt J, Johanneson Bertolt C, Sjödin A, Ackermann F, Vibeke Schmedes A, Lynge Thomsen H, Marie Juncher A, Hjorth MF. Does stress affect food preferences? - a randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of examination stress on measures of food preferences and obesogenic behavior. Stress 2018; 21:556-563. [PMID: 30388041 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2018.1494149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lay summary: Human and animal studies have shown that chronic stress interfers with both homeostatic and hedonic appetite control. Here, we investigated the effect of chronic stress on food preferences and eating behavior in real life settings. In random order, fifty healthy students participated in two test periods of 4-5 days; a stressful period (one week prior to an examination) and a nonstressful period (four weeks after an examination). Food preferences were assessed by counting money spent on highly rewarding foods bought with gift certificates, and changes in eating behavior was further assessed by the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire. Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire, heart rate variability and Cortisol awakening response were used to evaluate the level of stress. Data on glycemic control, blood pressure, physical activity and sleep were also collected. Forty-four subjects had complete data on the primary outcome. Self-perceived stress was higher and recovery lower in the exam period (p ≤ .001). Subjects were less cognitively restrained (p = .037), less moderately-to-vigorously and lightly physically active (p ≤ .037) and were more sedentary (p = .009) in the examination period. However, no difference was found in money spent on high reward foods, disinhibition or hunger between the examination and control condition. Furthermore, no differences in the physiological markers of stress, glycemic measures and sleep were found. Data does not convincingly support the hypothesis that perceived stress increases the preference for highly palatable foods or leads to adverse effects on different markers of health. However, the stressor might have been to mild to induce obesogenic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Berg Schmidt
- a Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, faculty of Science , University of Copenhagen , Denmark
| | | | - Anders Sjödin
- a Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, faculty of Science , University of Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Frederik Ackermann
- a Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, faculty of Science , University of Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Anne Vibeke Schmedes
- b Department of Clinical Immunology and Biochemistry , Lillebaelt Hospital , Vejle , Denmark
| | - Henriette Lynge Thomsen
- a Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, faculty of Science , University of Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Juncher
- a Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, faculty of Science , University of Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Mads F Hjorth
- a Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, faculty of Science , University of Copenhagen , Denmark
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McGovern CM, Militello LK, Arcoleo KJ, Melnyk BM. Factors Associated With Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Among Adolescents. J Pediatr Health Care 2018; 32:473-480. [PMID: 29941235 PMCID: PMC7265997 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Guided by cognitive theory, this study tested an explanatory model for adolescents' beliefs, feelings, and healthy lifestyle behaviors and sex differences in these relationships. METHODS Structural equation modeling evaluated cross-sectional data from a healthy lifestyle program from 779 adolescents 14 through 17 years old. RESULTS Theoretical relationships among thoughts, feelings, and behaviors were confirmed and sex differences identified. Thoughts had a direct effect on feelings and an indirect effect through feelings on healthy behaviors for both sexes. A direct effect from thoughts to behaviors existed for males only. DISCUSSION Findings provide strong support for the thinking-feeling-behaving triangle for adolescents. To promote healthy lifestyle behaviors in adolescents, interventions should incorporate cognitive behavioral skills-building activities, strengthening healthy lifestyle beliefs, and enhancing positive health behaviors.
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Hill DC, Moss RH, Sykes-Muskett B, Conner M, O'Connor DB. Stress and eating behaviors in children and adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Appetite 2018; 123:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Bougea A, Spantideas N, Chrousos GP. Stress management for headaches in children and adolescents: A review and practical recommendations for health promotion programs and well-being. J Child Health Care 2018; 22:19-33. [PMID: 29110509 DOI: 10.1177/1367493517738123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Stress is considered to be the most common factor reported to trigger headaches in children and adolescents. Although tension-type headache and migraine are the two most common types of headache in children and adolescents, they are often untreated, ignoring their stressful background. We provide a narrative review of the available evidence for health-care professionals involved in stress-related headache management and health promotion programs. An integrative plan is delivered through lifestyle improvement and biopsychosocial modifying stress response techniques. Healthy dietary choices, sleep hygiene, and regular exercise, although limited, are effective for young sufferers. Biopsychosocial therapies such as relaxation, biofeedback, hypnosis, yoga, cognitive behavioral therapy, and acupuncture focus at stress physiological and behavioral relief. Our purpose is to suggest a stress-related headache management to empower children to make healthy choices in order to improve their lifelong well-being and quality of life. We aim to authorize relationship between nurses and other health-care providers with background knowledge around stress management for pediatric headache populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Bougea
- 1 First Department of Headaches, 'Eginition' Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Spantideas
- 1 First Department of Headaches, 'Eginition' Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- 2 Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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15
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Jansen EC, Miller AL, Lumeng JC, Kaciroti N, Brophy Herb HE, Horodynski MA, Contreras D, Peterson KE. Externalizing behavior is prospectively associated with intake of added sugar and sodium among low socioeconomic status preschoolers in a sex-specific manner. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:135. [PMID: 28974224 PMCID: PMC5627479 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High intake of added sugar and sodium is a public health concern for preschool-aged children living in the US. Externalizing behavior may predict higher consumption of added sugar and/or sodium; however, previous studies have mostly been cross-sectional. The aim was to evaluate whether externalizing behavior is prospectively related to added sugar and intake in a sex-specific manner among preschoolers. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of 524 preschool children (48% male) from Michigan who participated in an obesity prevention trial that occurred during one school year from 2011 to 2015. Teacher-assessed externalizing behaviors and three 24-h dietary recalls were completed at baseline and follow-up. We used linear mixed effects regression to evaluate the association between externalizing behavior at baseline and added sugar (% of total Calories) and sodium intake (mg/1000 Calories) at follow-up. In adjusted analysis, we included baseline income-to-needs ratio, child race/ethnicity, and baseline overweight status. All models were adjusted for total energy intake and accounted for clustering by classroom. RESULTS Baseline externalizing behavior was positively associated with added sugar intake at follow-up among boys; after adjustment for confounders, every 5 points lower externalizing T-score (corresponding to higher externalizing behavior) was associated with a 0.6 higher percentage of added sugar per total Calories (95% CI 0.2 to 1.1; P value = 0.004). In contrast, girls with higher levels of externalizing behavior had lower consumption of added sugars; after confounder adjustment, every 5 points lower externalizing T-score was related to 0.6 lower percentage intake (95% CI -1.0 to -0.1; P value = 0.01). Baseline externalizing behavior was inversely associated with sodium intake at follow-up among boys. After potential confounder adjustment, for every 5 points lower externalizing behavior T-score, there was a 22 mg/1000 Cal lower sodium intake (95% CI -45 to 1; P value = 0.06). In contrast, after adjustment for confounders, every 5 points lower externalizing T-score among girls was related to 24 mg/1000 Cal higher sodium intake (95% CI 1 to 46; P value = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Externalizing behavior among preschool-aged children was prospectively related to added sugar and sodium intake in a sex-dependent manner. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01398358 Registered 19 July 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C. Jansen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Alison L. Miller
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Julie C. Lumeng
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Niko Kaciroti
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Holly E. Brophy Herb
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | | | - Dawn Contreras
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
- Health and Nutrition Institute, Michigan State University Extension, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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Lorber M, Maisson D, Slep A, Heyman R, Wolff M. Mechanisms Linking Interparental Aggression to Child Dental Caries. Caries Res 2017; 51:149-159. [DOI: 10.1159/000453672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has garnered support for a systemic view of factors affecting child dental caries that accounts for the influence of social factors such as the family environment. Our previous work has demonstrated the association between mother-to-father emotional aggression and child caries. The present study builds on these results by evaluating pathways that might explain this relation. Families (n = 135) completed a multimethod assessment of mother-to-father emotional aggression, child caries, and several hypothesized mediators (i.e., child cariogenic snack and drink intake, child internalizing behaviors, child salivary cortisol and α-amylase reactivity, parental laxness, child oral hygiene maintenance, and parental socialization of child oral hygiene maintenance). Mediation analyses partially supported the role of the child's diet as a mechanism linking mother-to-father emotional aggression and child caries. However, children's neglect of oral hygiene, parental laxness, and child emotional and biological disturbances failed to stand as conduits for this association. Future investigations should expand upon these results to better establish the causal links that could only be suggested by the present cross-sectional findings.
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17
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Chan SM, Melnyk BM, Chen ACC. Chinese Version of the Healthy Lifestyle Beliefs Scale for Taiwanese Adolescents: A Psychometric Study. J Pediatr Nurs 2017; 32:19-24. [PMID: 27765539 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taiwanese adolescents' unhealthy lifestyles (e.g., unhealthy eating and sedentary behavior) are associated with excess weight and obesity, which affect their physical and mental health (e.g., depression). Because adolescents' beliefs about healthy lifestyles predict their actual lifestyles, a valid and reliable tool to measure their beliefs about healthy lifestyles is needed. METHODS The Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale (HLBS) was translated into Chinese based on recommended guidelines. A convenience sample of 186 Taiwanese adolescents completed the Chinese version Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale (CHLBS) anonymously. We used Cronbach's α to determine the internal consistency of the CHLBS and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to examine the factor structure. RESULTS The Cronbach's α for the CHLBS was .94. Exploratory analysis suggested that there were two factors and explained 57% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated an acceptable fit. CONCLUSION The CHLBS is a reliable and valid scale. It can be used to gather information about Taiwanese adolescents' beliefs about healthy lifestyles, which will assist in developing culturally and developmentally relevant interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Min Chan
- Department of Nursing, Shu Zen College of Medicine and Management, No.452, Huanqiu Rd. Luzhu Dist, Kaohsiung City 82144, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Bernadette Mazurek Melnyk
- Ohio State University, Associate Vice President for Health Promotion, University Chief Wellness Officer, Dean, College of Nursing, 120 Newton Hall 1585 Neil Avenue Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Angela Chia-Chen Chen
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Department of Nursing, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States
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Morris MJ, Le V, Maniam J. The impact of poor diet and early life stress on memory status. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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