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Jin M, Xie M, Dong L, Xue F, Li W, Jiang L, Li J, Zhang M, Song H, Lu Q, Yu Q. Exploration of Positive and Negative Schizophrenia Symptom Heterogeneity and Establishment of Symptom-Related miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network: Based on Transcriptome Sequencing Data. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03942-x. [PMID: 38267752 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) symptoms can be classified as positive and negative ones, each of which has distinct traits and possibly differences in gene expression and regulation. The co-expression networks linked to PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) scores were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) using the expression profiles of miRNA and mRNA in the peripheral blood of first-episode SCZ patients. The heterogeneity between positive and negative symptoms was demonstrated using gene functional enrichment, gene-medication interaction, and immune cell composition analysis. Then, target gene prediction and correlation analysis of miRNA and mRNA constructed a symptom-related miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, screened regulatory pairs, and predicted binding sites. A total of six mRNA co-expression modules, two miRNA co-expression modules, and ten hub genes were screened to be significantly associated with positive symptoms; five mRNA co-expression modules and eight hub genes were correlated with negative symptoms. Positive symptom-related modules were significantly enriched in axon guidance, actin skeleton regulation, and sphingolipid signaling pathway, while negative symptom-related modules were significantly enriched in adaptive immune response, leukocyte migration, dopaminergic synapses, etc. The development of positive symptoms may have been influenced by potential regulatory pairings such as miR-98-5p-EIF3J, miR-98-5p-SOCS4, let-7b-5p-CLUH, miR-454-3p-GTF2H1, and let-7b-5p-SNX17. Additionally, immune cells were substantially connected with several hub genes for symptoms. Positive and negative symptoms in SCZ individuals were heterogeneous to some extent. miRNAs such as let-7b-5p and miR-98-5p might contribute to the incidence of positive symptoms by targeting mRNAs, while the immune system's role in developing negative symptoms may be more nuanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mengtong Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Fengyu Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Weizhen Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lintong Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Junnan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Haideng Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qingxing Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qiong Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
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2
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Jorstad NL, Song JH, Exposito-Alonso D, Suresh H, Castro-Pacheco N, Krienen FM, Yanny AM, Close J, Gelfand E, Long B, Seeman SC, Travaglini KJ, Basu S, Beaudin M, Bertagnolli D, Crow M, Ding SL, Eggermont J, Glandon A, Goldy J, Kiick K, Kroes T, McMillen D, Pham T, Rimorin C, Siletti K, Somasundaram S, Tieu M, Torkelson A, Feng G, Hopkins WD, Höllt T, Keene CD, Linnarsson S, McCarroll SA, Lelieveldt BP, Sherwood CC, Smith K, Walsh CA, Dobin A, Gillis J, Lein ES, Hodge RD, Bakken TE. Comparative transcriptomics reveals human-specific cortical features. Science 2023; 382:eade9516. [PMID: 37824638 PMCID: PMC10659116 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade9516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The cognitive abilities of humans are distinctive among primates, but their molecular and cellular substrates are poorly understood. We used comparative single-nucleus transcriptomics to analyze samples of the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) from adult humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, rhesus macaques, and common marmosets to understand human-specific features of the neocortex. Human, chimpanzee, and gorilla MTG showed highly similar cell-type composition and laminar organization as well as a large shift in proportions of deep-layer intratelencephalic-projecting neurons compared with macaque and marmoset MTG. Microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes had more-divergent expression across species compared with neurons or oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and neuronal expression diverged more rapidly on the human lineage. Only a few hundred genes showed human-specific patterning, suggesting that relatively few cellular and molecular changes distinctively define adult human cortical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet H.T. Song
- Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Exposito-Alonso
- Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hamsini Suresh
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Fenna M. Krienen
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Jennie Close
- Allen Institute for Brain Science; Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Emily Gelfand
- Allen Institute for Brain Science; Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Brian Long
- Allen Institute for Brain Science; Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Soumyadeep Basu
- LKEB, Dept of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden, The Netherlands
- Computer Graphics and Visualization Group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Marc Beaudin
- Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Megan Crow
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Song-Lin Ding
- Allen Institute for Brain Science; Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jeroen Eggermont
- LKEB, Dept of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeff Goldy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science; Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Katelyn Kiick
- Allen Institute for Brain Science; Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Thomas Kroes
- LKEB, Dept of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Kimberly Siletti
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Michael Tieu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science; Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Amy Torkelson
- Allen Institute for Brain Science; Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Guoping Feng
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - William D. Hopkins
- Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 78602, USA
| | - Thomas Höllt
- Computer Graphics and Visualization Group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - C. Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 981915, USA
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven A. McCarroll
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Boudewijn P. Lelieveldt
- LKEB, Dept of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden, The Netherlands
- Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Chet C. Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Kimberly Smith
- Allen Institute for Brain Science; Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Christopher A. Walsh
- Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Dobin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Jesse Gillis
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ed S. Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science; Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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Del Puerto A, Lopez-Fonseca C, Simón-García A, Martí-Prado B, Barrios-Muñoz AL, Pose-Utrilla J, López-Menéndez C, Alcover-Sanchez B, Cesca F, Schiavo G, Campanero MR, Fariñas I, Iglesias T, Porlan E. Kidins220 sets the threshold for survival of neural stem cells and progenitors to sustain adult neurogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:500. [PMID: 37542079 PMCID: PMC10403621 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05995-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
In the adult mammalian brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) located in highly restricted niches sustain the generation of new neurons that integrate into existing circuits. A reduction in adult neurogenesis is linked to ageing and neurodegeneration, whereas dysregulation of proliferation and survival of NSCs have been hypothesized to be at the origin of glioma. Thus, unravelling the molecular underpinnings of the regulated activation that NSCs must undergo to proliferate and generate new progeny is of considerable relevance. Current research has identified cues promoting or restraining NSCs activation. Yet, whether NSCs depend on external signals to survive or if intrinsic factors establish a threshold for sustaining their viability remains elusive, even if this knowledge could involve potential for devising novel therapeutic strategies. Kidins220 (Kinase D-interacting substrate of 220 kDa) is an essential effector of crucial pathways for neuronal survival and differentiation. It is dramatically altered in cancer and in neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, emerging as a regulatory molecule with important functions in human disease. Herein, we discover severe neurogenic deficits and hippocampal-based spatial memory defects accompanied by increased neuroblast death and high loss of newly formed neurons in Kidins220 deficient mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Kidins220-dependent activation of AKT in response to EGF restraints GSK3 activity preventing NSCs apoptosis. We also show that NSCs with Kidins220 can survive with lower concentrations of EGF than the ones lacking this molecule. Hence, Kidins220 levels set a molecular threshold for survival in response to mitogens, allowing adult NSCs growth and expansion. Our study identifies Kidins220 as a key player for sensing the availability of growth factors to sustain adult neurogenesis, uncovering a molecular link that may help paving the way towards neurorepair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Del Puerto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Autovía A6, Km 7,5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Lopez-Fonseca
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular - UAM, C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Simón-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martí-Prado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Departmento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, C/ Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Ana L Barrios-Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular - UAM, C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Pose-Utrilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia López-Menéndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Alcover-Sanchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular - UAM, C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabrizia Cesca
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri, 5, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Miguel R Campanero
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Fariñas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Departmento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, C/ Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Teresa Iglesias
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eva Porlan
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular - UAM, C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Hendriks WJAJ, van Cruchten RTP, Pulido R. Hereditable variants of classical protein tyrosine phosphatase genes: Will they prove innocent or guilty? Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1051311. [PMID: 36755664 PMCID: PMC9900141 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1051311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases, together with protein tyrosine kinases, control many molecular signaling steps that control life at cellular and organismal levels. Impairing alterations in the genes encoding the involved proteins is expected to profoundly affect the quality of life-if compatible with life at all. Here, we review the current knowledge on the effects of germline variants that have been reported for genes encoding a subset of the protein tyrosine phosphatase superfamily; that of the thirty seven classical members. The conclusion must be that the newest genome research tools produced an avalanche of data that suggest 'guilt by association' for individual genes to specific disorders. Future research should face the challenge to investigate these accusations thoroughly and convincingly, to reach a mature genotype-phenotype map for this intriguing protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiljan J. A. J. Hendriks
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,*Correspondence: Wiljan J. A. J. Hendriks,
| | | | - Rafael Pulido
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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5
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Malaspina D. A sister's search for the seeds of psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114846. [PMID: 36244157 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dr. Dolores Malaspina sought a better way to understand the origins of psychosis than a schizophrenogenic mother, as her family had been informed upon her sisters illness. She moved her attention from environmental biology and zoology, to medical science and assembled knowledge on the multilevel components purported to underpin severe mental illness. Her studies cross levels to consider connections among exposures and genetic etiologies, intrinsic homeostatic mechanisms, stimuli perception and clinical illness features. Original contributions include associating later paternal age with increasing risk for schizophrenia in offspring and proposing that de novo mutations with shorter cell cycles explained the association, showing increased resting hippocampal blood flow in psychosis and that it was associated with inflammation, and that autonomic nervous system dysfunction was related to hippocampal inflammation, plausibly reflecting vascular abnormalities. She has been a professor of psychiatry in medical schools at Columbia University, New York University and at Mount Sinai in New York, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Genetic & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Boni C, Laudanna C, Sorio C. A Comprehensive Review of Receptor-Type Tyrosine-Protein Phosphatase Gamma (PTPRG) Role in Health and Non-Neoplastic Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:84. [PMID: 35053232 PMCID: PMC8773835 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor gamma (PTPRG) is known to interact with and regulate several tyrosine kinases, exerting a tumor suppressor role in several type of cancers. Its wide expression in human tissues compared to the other component of group 5 of receptor phosphatases, PTPRZ expressed as a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in the central nervous system, has raised interest in its role as a possible regulatory switch of cell signaling processes. Indeed, a carbonic anhydrase-like domain (CAH) and a fibronectin type III domain are present in the N-terminal portion and were found to be associated with its role as [HCO3-] sensor in vascular and renal tissues and a possible interaction domain for cell adhesion, respectively. Studies on PTPRG ligands revealed the contactins family (CNTN) as possible interactors. Furthermore, the correlation of PTPRG phosphatase with inflammatory processes in different normal tissues, including cancer, and the increasing amount of its soluble form (sPTPRG) in plasma, suggest a possible role as inflammatory marker. PTPRG has important roles in human diseases; for example, neuropsychiatric and behavioral disorders and various types of cancer such as colon, ovary, lung, breast, central nervous system, and inflammatory disorders. In this review, we sum up our knowledge regarding the latest discoveries in order to appreciate PTPRG function in the various tissues and diseases, along with an interactome map of its relationship with a group of validated molecular interactors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudio Sorio
- Department of Medicine, General Pathology Division, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.B.); (C.L.)
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7
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Liang S, Wang Q, Greenshaw AJ, Li X, Deng W, Ren H, Zhang C, Yu H, Wei W, Zhang Y, Li M, Zhao L, Du X, Meng Y, Ma X, Yan CG, Li T. Aberrant triple-network connectivity patterns discriminate biotypes of first-episode medication-naive schizophrenia in two large independent cohorts. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1502-1509. [PMID: 33408329 PMCID: PMC8208970 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00926-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex disorder associated with aberrant brain functional connectivity. This study aims to demonstrate the relation of heterogeneous symptomatology in this disorder to distinct brain connectivity patterns within the triple-network model. The study sample comprised 300 first-episode antipsychotic-naive patients with schizophrenia (FES) and 301 healthy controls (HCs). At baseline, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were captured for each participant, and concomitant neurocognitive functions were evaluated outside the scanner. Clinical information of 49 FES in the discovery dataset were reevaluated at a 6-week follow-up. Differential features between FES and HCs were selected from triple-network connectivity profiles. Cutting-edge unsupervised machine learning algorithms were used to define patient subtypes. Clinical and cognitive variables were compared between patient subgroups. Two FES subgroups with differing triple-network connectivity profiles were identified in the discovery dataset and confirmed in an independent hold-out cohort. One patient subgroup appearing to have more severe clinical symptoms was distinguished by salience network (SN)-centered hypoconnectivity, which was associated with greater impairments in sustained attention. The other subgroup exhibited hyperconnectivity and manifested greater deficits in cognitive flexibility. The SN-centered hypoconnectivity subgroup had more persistent negative symptoms at the 6-week follow-up than the hyperconnectivity subgroup. The present study illustrates that clinically relevant cognitive subtypes of schizophrenia may be associated with distinct differences in connectivity in the triple-network model. This categorization may foster further analysis of the effects of therapy on these network connectivity patterns, which may help to guide therapeutic choices to effectively reach personalized treatment goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugai Liang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Mental Health Center & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Qiang Wang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Mental Health Center & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Andrew J. Greenshaw
- grid.17089.37Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7 Canada
| | - Xiaojing Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Mental Health Center & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Wei Deng
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Mental Health Center & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Hongyan Ren
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Mental Health Center & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Mental Health Center & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Hua Yu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Mental Health Center & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Wei Wei
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Mental Health Center & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Mental Health Center & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Mingli Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Mental Health Center & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Liansheng Zhao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Mental Health Center & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xiangdong Du
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Suzhou Psychiatry Hospital, Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 215137 Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Yajing Meng
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Mental Health Center & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Mental Health Center & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Chao-Gan Yan
- grid.454868.30000 0004 1797 8574CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, 100101 Beijing, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Center & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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8
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Kidins220 deficiency causes ventriculomegaly via SNX27-retromer-dependent AQP4 degradation. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6411-6426. [PMID: 34002021 PMCID: PMC8760065 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Several psychiatric, neurologic and neurodegenerative disorders present increased brain ventricles volume, being hydrocephalus the disease with the major manifestation of ventriculomegaly caused by the accumulation of high amounts of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The molecules and pathomechanisms underlying cerebral ventricular enlargement are widely unknown. Kinase D interacting substrate of 220 kDa (KIDINS220) gene has been recently associated with schizophrenia and with a novel syndrome characterized by spastic paraplegia, intellectual disability, nystagmus and obesity (SINO syndrome), diseases frequently occurring with ventriculomegaly. Here we show that Kidins220, a transmembrane protein effector of various key neuronal signalling pathways, is a critical regulator of CSF homeostasis. We observe that both KIDINS220 and the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) are markedly downregulated at the ventricular ependymal lining of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) patients. We also find that Kidins220 deficient mice develop ventriculomegaly accompanied by water dyshomeostasis and loss of AQP4 in the brain ventricular ependymal layer and astrocytes. Kidins220 is a known cargo of the SNX27-retromer, a complex that redirects endocytosed plasma membrane proteins (cargos) back to the cell surface, thus avoiding their targeting to lysosomes for degradation. Mechanistically, we show that AQP4 is a novel cargo of the SNX27-retromer and that Kidins220 deficiency promotes a striking and unexpected downregulation of the SNX27-retromer that results in AQP4 lysosomal degradation. Accordingly, SNX27 silencing decreases AQP4 levels in wild-type astrocytes whereas SNX27 overexpression restores AQP4 content in Kidins220 deficient astrocytes. Together our data suggest that the KIDINS220-SNX27-retromer-AQP4 pathway is involved in human ventriculomegaly and open novel therapeutic perspectives.
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9
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Brommage R, Powell DR, Vogel P. Predicting human disease mutations and identifying drug targets from mouse gene knockout phenotyping campaigns. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm038224. [PMID: 31064765 PMCID: PMC6550044 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.038224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two large-scale mouse gene knockout phenotyping campaigns have provided extensive data on the functions of thousands of mammalian genes. The ongoing International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC), with the goal of examining all ∼20,000 mouse genes, has examined 5115 genes since 2011, and phenotypic data from several analyses are available on the IMPC website (www.mousephenotype.org). Mutant mice having at least one human genetic disease-associated phenotype are available for 185 IMPC genes. Lexicon Pharmaceuticals' Genome5000™ campaign performed similar analyses between 2000 and the end of 2008 focusing on the druggable genome, including enzymes, receptors, transporters, channels and secreted proteins. Mutants (4654 genes, with 3762 viable adult homozygous lines) with therapeutically interesting phenotypes were studied extensively. Importantly, phenotypes for 29 Lexicon mouse gene knockouts were published prior to observations of similar phenotypes resulting from homologous mutations in human genetic disorders. Knockout mouse phenotypes for an additional 30 genes mimicked previously published human genetic disorders. Several of these models have helped develop effective treatments for human diseases. For example, studying Tph1 knockout mice (lacking peripheral serotonin) aided the development of telotristat ethyl, an approved treatment for carcinoid syndrome. Sglt1 (also known as Slc5a1) and Sglt2 (also known as Slc5a2) knockout mice were employed to develop sotagliflozin, a dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor having success in clinical trials for diabetes. Clinical trials evaluating inhibitors of AAK1 (neuropathic pain) and SGLT1 (diabetes) are underway. The research community can take advantage of these unbiased analyses of gene function in mice, including the minimally studied 'ignorome' genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Brommage
- Department of Metabolism Research, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 8800 Technology Forest Place, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
| | - David R Powell
- Department of Metabolism Research, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 8800 Technology Forest Place, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Pathology, MS 250, Room C5036A, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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10
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Zouraraki C, Karagiannopoulou L, Karamaouna P, Pallis EG, Giakoumaki SG. Schizotypal traits, neurocognition, and paternal age in unaffected first degree relatives of patients with familial or sporadic schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2019; 273:422-429. [PMID: 30684787 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies comparing cognitive processes between familial and sporadic schizophrenia have yielded inconsistent findings. In this study we examined differences in neurocognition and schizotypal traits in unaffected relatives of schizophrenia-spectrum patients with either the familial (multiplex) or the sporadic (simplex) subtype of the disorder, taking paternal age at birth into consideration. Simplex (n = 65; SR), multiplex (n = 35; MR) relatives and controls (n = 114) were compared on several cognitive functions and schizotypal traits; between-group differences were evaluated with and without including paternal age in the analyses. SR and MR had higher negative and paranoid traits compared with controls, but paternal age abolished the differences between the SR and control groups. When taking into account schizotypal traits and participants' age, controls outperformed MR in strategy formation and set-shifting and SR in psychomotor speed, set-shifting and executive working memory. After including paternal age in the analyses, controls outperformed MR in strategy formation, working memory and executive working memory and both groups in psychomotor speed and set-shifting. These findings suggest that multiplex relatives present with a "riskier" personality and cognitive profile when considering the effects of paternal age. Nevertheless, simplex relatives are impaired in fundamental cognitive processes, thus highlighting the detrimental effects of paternal age on neurocognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Zouraraki
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno 74100, Crete, Greece.
| | - Leda Karagiannopoulou
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno 74100, Crete, Greece
| | - Penny Karamaouna
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno 74100, Crete, Greece
| | - Eleftherios G Pallis
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Stella G Giakoumaki
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno 74100, Crete, Greece
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11
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Parmeggiani G, Buldrini B, Fini S, Ferlini A, Bigoni S. A New 3p14.2 Microdeletion in a Patient with Intellectual Disability and Language Impairment: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Mol Syndromol 2018; 9:175-181. [PMID: 30140195 PMCID: PMC6103356 DOI: 10.1159/000489842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial deletions of chromosome 3p are rare, and specific genotype-phenotype correlations cannot always be assessed. We report the case of a 3p14.2 proximal microdeletion in a 60-year-old female patient with mild intellectual disability, severe speech delay, and mild dysmorphism. An array-CGH analysis detected a 500-kb deletion in the 3p14.2 region, including FEZF2, CADPS, and PTPRG. FEZF2 and CADPS are known to network within the neurodevelopmental pathways. It is possible that their rearrangements lead to the phenotypic features observed in the patient, and therefore, they can be considered candidate genes responsible for such abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stefania Bigoni
- UOL of Medical Genetics, Department of Reproduction and Growth and Department of Medical Science, University Hospital S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
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12
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Regulation of BDNF Release by ARMS/Kidins220 through Modulation of Synaptotagmin-IV Levels. J Neurosci 2018; 38:5415-5428. [PMID: 29769266 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1653-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BDNF is a growth factor with important roles in the nervous system in both physiological and pathological conditions, but the mechanisms controlling its secretion are not completely understood. Here, we show that ARMS/Kidins220 negatively regulates BDNF secretion in neurons from the CNS and PNS. Downregulation of the ARMS/Kidins220 protein in the adult mouse brain increases regulated BDNF secretion, leading to its accumulation in the striatum. Interestingly, two mouse models of Huntington's disease (HD) showed increased levels of ARMS/Kidins220 in the hippocampus and regulated BDNF secretion deficits. Importantly, reduction of ARMS/Kidins220 in hippocampal slices from HD mice reversed the impaired regulated BDNF release. Moreover, there are increased levels of ARMS/Kidins220 in the hippocampus and PFC of patients with HD. ARMS/Kidins220 regulates Synaptotagmin-IV levels, which has been previously observed to modulate BDNF secretion. These data indicate that ARMS/Kidins220 controls the regulated secretion of BDNF and might play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of HD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT BDNF is an important growth factor that plays a fundamental role in the correct functioning of the CNS. The secretion of BDNF must be properly controlled to exert its functions, but the proteins regulating its release are not completely known. Using neuronal cultures and a new conditional mouse to modulate ARMS/Kidins220 protein, we report that ARMS/Kidins220 negatively regulates BDNF secretion. Moreover, ARMS/Kidins220 is overexpressed in two mouse models of Huntington's disease (HD), causing an impaired regulation of BDNF secretion. Furthermore, ARMS/Kidins220 levels are increased in brain samples from HD patients. Future studies should address whether ARMS/Kidins220 has any function on the pathophysiology of HD.
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Joe P, Getz M, Redman S, Kranz TM, Chao MV, Delaney S, Chen LA, Malaspina D. Transglutaminase-5 related schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 193:477-479. [PMID: 28797525 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Joe
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mara Getz
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samantha Redman
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thorsten Manfred Kranz
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Moses V Chao
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shannon Delaney
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lea Ann Chen
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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14
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Veras AB, Getz M, Froemke RC, Nardi AE, Alves GS, Walsh-Messinger J, Chao MV, Kranz TM, Malaspina D. Rare missense coding variants in oxytocin receptor (OXTR) in schizophrenia cases are associated with early trauma exposure, cognition and emotional processing. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 97:58-64. [PMID: 29190530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxytocin is a peptide hormone that influences the integration of social cognition with behavior and affect regulation. Oxytocin also prominently directs the transition of neuronal GABA neurotransmission from excitatory to inhibitory after birth. The oxytocin receptor (OXTR) is linked to schizophrenia, a heterogeneous syndrome. Relationships of OXTR polymorphisms with specific clinical features could aid in evaluating any role of oxytocin in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. METHOD Schizophrenia cases with rare missense coding OXTR single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were identified from a well-characterized sample of cases and controls who were assessed for symptoms, cognition and early life trauma. RESULTS Five of 48 cases showed rare OXTR variants. Compared to the other cases they had less severe negative symptoms (deficits in emotional expression and motivation) and less severe general psychopathology scores (depression and anxiety). They demonstrated lower nonverbal (performance) than verbal intelligence due to deficient perceptual organization and slow processing speed. They also reported greater early trauma exposure (physical and sexual abuse and emotional trauma). CONCLUSION Cases carrying rare OXTR SNVs had less negative and affective symptoms than other cases, but similar psychotic symptoms, along with specific cognitive deficits. The clinical characterization of these cases occurred in association with environmental exposure to early trauma, especially sexual abuse, which may have influenced the expression of schizophrenia in subjects harboring specific SNVs in the OXTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre B Veras
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Translational Research Group on Mental Health (GPTranSMe), Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Laboratory of Panic and Respiration (LabPR-UFRJ), Psychiatry Institute of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Mara Getz
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert C Froemke
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Departments of Otolaryngology and Neuroscience/Physiology, New York University, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Egidio Nardi
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration (LabPR-UFRJ), Psychiatry Institute of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Julie Walsh-Messinger
- Department of Psychology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Moses V Chao
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology & Neuroscience and Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thorsten M Kranz
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Departments of Otolaryngology and Neuroscience/Physiology, New York University, NY, USA; Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology & Neuroscience and Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Raza MZ, Allegrini S, Dumontet C, Jordheim LP. Functions of the multi-interacting protein KIDINS220/ARMS in cancer and other pathologies. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 57:114-122. [PMID: 29181864 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of an organ and subsequently the whole system from an embryo is a highly integrated process. Although there is evidence that different systems are interconnected during developmental stages, the molecular understanding of this relationship is either not known or only to a limited extent. Nervous system development, amongst all, is maybe the most crucial and complex process. It relies on the correct distribution of specific neuronal growth factors and hormones to the specific receptors. Among the plethora of proteins that are involved in downstream signalling of neuronal growth factors, we find the kinase-D interacting substrate of 220 kDa (KIDINS220), also known as ankyrin-rich repeat membrane spanning (ARMS) protein. KIDINS220 has been shown to play a substantial role in the nervous system and vascular system development as well as in neuronal survival and differentiation. It serves as a downstream regulator for many important neuronal and vascular growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the neurotrophin family, glutamate receptors and ephrin receptors. Moreover, activation and differentiation of B- and T-cells, as well as tumour cell proliferation has also shown to be related to KIDINS220. This review comprehensively summarises the existing research data on this protein, with a particular interest in its role in cancer and in other pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad-Zawwad Raza
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Simone Allegrini
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Lars Petter Jordheim
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France
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16
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Xavier RM, Vorderstrasse A. Genetic Basis of Positive and Negative Symptom Domains in Schizophrenia. Biol Res Nurs 2017; 19:559-575. [PMID: 28691507 DOI: 10.1177/1099800417715907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder, the genetic etiology of which has been well established. Yet despite significant advances in genetics research, the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disorder largely remain unknown. This gap has been attributed to the complexity of the polygenic disorder, which has a heterogeneous clinical profile. Examining the genetic basis of schizophrenia subphenotypes, such as those based on particular symptoms, is thus a useful strategy for decoding the underlying mechanisms. This review of literature examines the recent advances (from 2011) in genetic exploration of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. We searched electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature using key words schizophrenia, symptoms, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, cognition, genetics, genes, genetic predisposition, and genotype in various combinations. We identified 115 articles, which are included in the review. Evidence from these studies, most of which are genetic association studies, identifies shared and unique gene associations for the symptom domains. Genes associated with neurotransmitter systems and neuronal development/maintenance primarily constitute the shared associations. Needed are studies that examine the genetic basis of specific symptoms within the broader domains in addition to functional mechanisms. Such investigations are critical to developing precision treatment and care for individuals afflicted with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allison Vorderstrasse
- 2 Duke Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, NC, USA
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17
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Abstract
We previously proposed that people with schizophrenia who have primary, enduring negative symptoms have a disease-deficit schizophrenia (DS)-that is separate from that affecting people with schizophrenia without these features. Additional evidence consistent with the separate disease hypothesis has accumulated in recent years. White matter changes may be widespread in deficit compared to nondeficit patients and may relate to problems in early brain migration. These 2 patient groups also appear to differ on metabolic measures prior to antipsychotic treatment. Studies of reward and defeatist beliefs provide the basis for future treatment trials. The 2 factors or groups within negative symptoms broadly defined (both primary and secondary) have also been found in DS, and recent evidence suggests these 2 symptom groups have different correlates and reflect the existence of 2 groups with in DS. Negative symptoms are found in disorders other than schizophrenia, and excess summer birth, a deficit risk factor, has been found in a non-patient group with deficit-like features. It may be useful in future research to determine whether findings in DS extend to patients with other neuropsychiatric disorders who also have negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kirkpatrick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV
| | - Armida Mucci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Galderisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (SUN); University Hospital SUN, Naples, Italy
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18
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Petrilli MA, Kranz TM, Kleinhaus K, Joe P, Getz M, Johnson P, Chao MV, Malaspina D. The Emerging Role for Zinc in Depression and Psychosis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:414. [PMID: 28713269 PMCID: PMC5492454 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc participation is essential for all physiological systems, including neural functioning, where it participates in a myriad of cellular processes. Converging clinical, molecular, and genetic discoveries illuminate key roles for zinc homeostasis in association with clinical depression and psychosis which are not yet well appreciated at the clinical interface. Intracellular deficiency may arise from low circulating zinc levels due to dietary insufficiency, or impaired absorption from aging or medical conditions, including alcoholism. A host of medications commonly administered to psychiatric patients, including anticonvulsants, oral medications for diabetes, hormones, antacids, anti-inflammatories and others also impact zinc absorption. Furthermore, inefficient genetic variants in zinc transporter molecules that transport the ion across cellular membranes impede its action even when circulating zinc concentrations is in the normal range. Well powered clinical studies have shown beneficial effects of supplemental zinc in depression and it important to pursue research using zinc as a potential therapeutic option for psychosis as well. Meta-analyses support the adjunctive use of zinc in major depression and a single study now supports zinc for psychotic symptoms. This manuscript reviews the biochemistry and bench top evidence on putative molecular mechanisms of zinc as a psychiatric treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thorsten M Kranz
- Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology and Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York UniversityNew York, NY, United States
| | - Karine Kleinhaus
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, United States
| | - Peter Joe
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, United States
| | - Mara Getz
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, United States
| | - Porsha Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, United States
| | - Moses V Chao
- Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology and Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York UniversityNew York, NY, United States
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, United States
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Loss-of-function of PTPR γ and ζ, observed in sporadic schizophrenia, causes brain region-specific deregulation of monoamine levels and altered behavior in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:575-587. [PMID: 28025742 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRG has been genetically associated with psychiatric disorders and is a ligand for members of the contactin family, which are themselves linked to autism spectrum disorders. OBJECTIVE Based on our finding of a phosphatase-null de novo mutation in PTPRG associated with a case of sporadic schizophrenia, we used PTPRG knockout (KO) mice to model the effect of a loss-of-function mutation. We compared the results with loss-of-function in its close paralogue PTPRZ, previously associated with schizophrenia. We tested PTPRG -/- , PTPRZ -/- , and wild-type male mice for effects on social behavior, forced swim test, and anxiety, as well as on regional brain neurochemistry. RESULTS The most notable behavioral consequences of PTPRG gene inactivation were reduced immobilization in the forced swim test, suggestive of some negative symptoms of schizophrenia. By contrast, PTPRZ -/- mice demonstrated marked social alteration with increased aggressivity, reminiscent of some positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Both knockouts showed elevated dopamine levels in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and most particularly amygdala, but not striatum, accompanied by reduced dopamine beta hydroxylase activity only in amygdala. In addition, PTPRG KO elicited a distinct increase in hippocampal serotonin level not observed in PTPRZ KO. CONCLUSION PTPRG and PTPRZ gene loss therefore induces distinct patterns of behavioral change and region-specific alterations in neurotransmitters, highlighting their usefulness as models for neuropsychiatric disorder mechanisms and making these receptors attractive targets for therapy.
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Mladinov M, Sedmak G, Fuller HR, Babić Leko M, Mayer D, Kirincich J, Štajduhar A, Borovečki F, Hof PR, Šimić G. Gene expression profiling of the dorsolateral and medial orbitofrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Transl Neurosci 2016; 7:139-150. [PMID: 28123834 PMCID: PMC5234522 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2016-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex polygenic disorder of unknown etiology. Over 3,000 candidate genes associated with schizophrenia have been reported, most of which being mentioned only once. Alterations in cognitive processing - working memory, metacognition and mentalization - represent a core feature of schizophrenia, which indicates the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in the pathophysiology of this disorder. Hence we compared the gene expression in postmortem tissue from the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, Brodmann's area 46), and the medial part of the orbitofrontal cortex (MOFC, Brodmann's area 11/12), in six patients with schizophrenia and six control brains. Although in the past decade several studies performed transcriptome profiling in schizophrenia, this is the first study to investigate both hemispheres, providing new knowledge about possible brain asymmetry at the level of gene expression and its relation to schizophrenia. We found that in the left hemisphere, twelve genes from the DLPFC and eight genes from the MOFC were differentially expressed in patients with schizophrenia compared to controls. In the right hemisphere there was only one gene differentially expressed in the MOFC. We reproduce the involvement of previously reported genes TARDBP and HNRNPC in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and report seven novel genes: SART1, KAT7, C1D, NPM1, EVI2A, XGY2, and TTTY15. As the differentially expressed genes only partially overlap with previous studies that analyzed other brain regions, our findings indicate the importance of considering prefrontal cortical regions, especially those in the left hemisphere, for obtaining disease-relevant insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihovil Mladinov
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Goran Sedmak
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Heidi R Fuller
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK and Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Mayer
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jason Kirincich
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrija Štajduhar
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fran Borovečki
- Department of Neurology, University Clinical Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
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21
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Maric NP, Jovicic MJ, Mihaljevic M, Miljevic C. Improving Current Treatments for Schizophrenia. Drug Dev Res 2016; 77:357-367. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja P. Maric
- School of Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
- Clinical Centre of Serbia; Clinic for Psychiatry; Belgrade Serbia
| | | | | | - Cedo Miljevic
- School of Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
- Institute of Mental Health; Belgrade Serbia
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22
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Bergen SE. Parsing psychosis subtypes through investigations of rare genetic variants. EBioMedicine 2016; 6:16-17. [PMID: 27211538 PMCID: PMC4856781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Bergen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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23
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Mladinov M, Sedmak G, Fuller HR, Babić Leko M, Mayer D, Kirincich J, Štajduhar A, Borovečki F, Hof PR, Šimić G. Gene expression profiling of the dorsolateral and medial orbitofrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Transl Neurosci 2016. [PMID: 28123834 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2016-0021/html] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex polygenic disorder of unknown etiology. Over 3,000 candidate genes associated with schizophrenia have been reported, most of which being mentioned only once. Alterations in cognitive processing - working memory, metacognition and mentalization - represent a core feature of schizophrenia, which indicates the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in the pathophysiology of this disorder. Hence we compared the gene expression in postmortem tissue from the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, Brodmann's area 46), and the medial part of the orbitofrontal cortex (MOFC, Brodmann's area 11/12), in six patients with schizophrenia and six control brains. Although in the past decade several studies performed transcriptome profiling in schizophrenia, this is the first study to investigate both hemispheres, providing new knowledge about possible brain asymmetry at the level of gene expression and its relation to schizophrenia. We found that in the left hemisphere, twelve genes from the DLPFC and eight genes from the MOFC were differentially expressed in patients with schizophrenia compared to controls. In the right hemisphere there was only one gene differentially expressed in the MOFC. We reproduce the involvement of previously reported genes TARDBP and HNRNPC in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and report seven novel genes: SART1, KAT7, C1D, NPM1, EVI2A, XGY2, and TTTY15. As the differentially expressed genes only partially overlap with previous studies that analyzed other brain regions, our findings indicate the importance of considering prefrontal cortical regions, especially those in the left hemisphere, for obtaining disease-relevant insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihovil Mladinov
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Goran Sedmak
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Heidi R Fuller
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK and Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Mayer
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jason Kirincich
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrija Štajduhar
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fran Borovečki
- Department of Neurology, University Clinical Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
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