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Onyango CO, Cheng Q, Munde EO, Raballah E, Anyona SB, McMahon BH, Lambert CG, Onyango PO, Schneider KA, Perkins DJ, Ouma C. Human NCR3 gene variants rs2736191 and rs11575837 alter longitudinal risk for development of pediatric malaria episodes and severe malarial anemia. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:542. [PMID: 37704951 PMCID: PMC10498606 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality in holoendemic transmission areas. Severe malarial anemia [SMA, hemoglobin (Hb) < 5.0 g/dL in children] is the most common clinical manifestation of severe malaria in such regions. Although innate immune response genes are known to influence the development of SMA, the role of natural killer (NK) cells in malaria pathogenesis remains largely undefined. As such, we examined the impact of genetic variation in the gene encoding a primary NK cell receptor, natural cytotoxicity-triggering receptor 3 (NCR3), on the occurrence of malaria and SMA episodes over time. METHODS Susceptibility to malaria, SMA, and all-cause mortality was determined in carriers of NCR3 genetic variants (i.e., rs2736191:C > G and rs11575837:C > T) and their haplotypes. The prospective observational study was conducted over a 36 mos. follow-up period in a cohort of children (n = 1,515, aged 1.9-40 mos.) residing in a holoendemic P. falciparum transmission region, Siaya, Kenya. RESULTS Poisson regression modeling, controlling for anemia-promoting covariates, revealed a significantly increased risk of malaria in carriers of the homozygous mutant allele genotype (TT) for rs11575837 after multiple test correction [Incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.540, 95% CI = 1.114-2.129, P = 0.009]. Increased risk of SMA was observed for rs2736191 in children who inherited the CG genotype (IRR = 1.269, 95% CI = 1.009-1.597, P = 0.041) and in the additive model (presence of 1 or 2 copies) (IRR = 1.198, 95% CI = 1.030-1.393, P = 0.019), but was not significant after multiple test correction. Modeling of the haplotypes revealed that the CC haplotype had a significant additive effect for protection against SMA (i.e., reduced risk for development of SMA) after multiple test correction (IRR = 0.823, 95% CI = 0.711-0.952, P = 0.009). Although increased susceptibility to SMA was present in carriers of the GC haplotype (IRR = 1.276, 95% CI = 1.030-1.581, P = 0.026) with an additive effect (IRR = 1.182, 95% CI = 1.018-1.372, P = 0.029), the results did not remain significant after multiple test correction. None of the NCR3 genotypes or haplotypes were associated with all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Variation in NCR3 alters susceptibility to malaria and SMA during the acquisition of naturally-acquired malarial immunity. These results highlight the importance of NK cells in the innate immune response to malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton O Onyango
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu and Siaya, Kenya
| | - Qiuying Cheng
- Center for Global Health, Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Elly O Munde
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu and Siaya, Kenya
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Health Science, Kirinyaga University, Kerugoya, Kenya
| | - Evans Raballah
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu and Siaya, Kenya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Samuel B Anyona
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu and Siaya, Kenya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Benjamin H McMahon
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Christophe G Lambert
- Center for Global Health, Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Patrick O Onyango
- Department of Zoology, School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Kristan A Schneider
- Department Applied Computer- and Bio-Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Mittweida, Germany
| | - Douglas J Perkins
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu and Siaya, Kenya.
- Center for Global Health, Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Collins Ouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya.
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu and Siaya, Kenya.
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Anyona S, Cheng Q, Guo Y, Raballah E, Hurwitz I, Onyango C, Seidenberg P, Schneider K, Lambert C, McMahon B, Ouma C, Perkins D. Entire Expressed Peripheral Blood Transcriptome in Pediatric Severe Malarial Anemia. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3150748. [PMID: 37503086 PMCID: PMC10371159 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3150748/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study on severe malarial anemia (SMA: Hb < 6.0 g/dL), a leading global cause of childhood morbidity and mortality, analyzed the entire expressed transcriptome in whole blood from children with non-SMA (Hb ≥ 6.0 g/dL, n = 41) and SMA (n = 25). Analyses revealed 3,420 up-regulated and 3,442 down-regulated transcripts, signifying impairments in host inflammasome activation, cell death, innate immune responses, and cellular stress responses in SMA. Immune cell profiling showed a decreased antigenic and immune priming response in children with SMA, favoring polarization toward cellular proliferation and repair. Enrichment analysis further identified altered neutrophil and autophagy-related processes, consistent with neutrophil degranulation and altered ubiquitination and proteasome degradation. Pathway analyses highlighted SMA-related alterations in cellular homeostasis, signaling, response to environmental cues, and cellular and immune stress responses. Validation with a qRT-PCR array showed strong concordance with the sequencing data. These findings identify key molecular themes in SMA pathogenesis, providing potential targets for new malaria therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Evans Raballah
- School of Public Health, Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology
| | - Ivy Hurwitz
- Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico
| | - Clinton Onyango
- School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University
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Raballah E, Wilding K, Anyona SB, Munde EO, Hurwitz I, Onyango CO, Ayieko C, Lambert CG, Schneider KA, Seidenberg PD, Ouma C, McMahon BH, Cheng Q, Perkins DJ. Nonsynonymous amino acid changes in the α-chain of complement component 5 influence longitudinal susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum infections and severe malarial anemia in kenyan children. Front Genet 2022; 13:977810. [PMID: 36186473 PMCID: PMC9515573 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.977810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe malarial anemia (SMA; Hb < 5.0 g/dl) is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in holoendemic Plasmodium falciparum transmission regions such as western Kenya. Methods: We investigated the relationship between two novel complement component 5 (C5) missense mutations [rs17216529:C>T, p(Val145Ile) and rs17610:C>T, p(Ser1310Asn)] and longitudinal outcomes of malaria in a cohort of Kenyan children (under 60 mos, n = 1,546). Molecular modeling was used to investigate the impact of the amino acid transitions on the C5 protein structure. Results: Prediction of the wild-type and mutant C5 protein structures did not reveal major changes to the overall structure. However, based on the position of the variants, subtle differences could impact on the stability of C5b. The influence of the C5 genotypes/haplotypes on the number of malaria and SMA episodes over 36 months was determined by Poisson regression modeling. Genotypic analyses revealed that inheritance of the homozygous mutant (TT) for rs17216529:C>T enhanced the risk for both malaria (incidence rate ratio, IRR = 1.144, 95%CI: 1.059–1.236, p = 0.001) and SMA (IRR = 1.627, 95%CI: 1.201–2.204, p = 0.002). In the haplotypic model, carriers of TC had increased risk of malaria (IRR = 1.068, 95%CI: 1.017–1.122, p = 0.009), while carriers of both wild-type alleles (CC) were protected against SMA (IRR = 0.679, 95%CI: 0.542–0.850, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Collectively, these findings show that the selected C5 missense mutations influence the longitudinal risk of malaria and SMA in immune-naïve children exposed to holoendemic P. falciparum transmission through a mechanism that remains to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evans Raballah
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Kenya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
- *Correspondence: Evans Raballah,
| | - Kristen Wilding
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Samuel B. Anyona
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Kenya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Elly O. Munde
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Kenya
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Kirinyaga University, Kerugoya, Kenya
| | - Ivy Hurwitz
- University of New Mexico, Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Clinton O. Onyango
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Kenya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Cyrus Ayieko
- Department of Zoology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Christophe G. Lambert
- University of New Mexico, Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Kristan A. Schneider
- Department of Applied Computer and Biosciences, University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Mittweida, Germany
| | - Philip D. Seidenberg
- University of New Mexico, Department of Emergency Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Collins Ouma
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Kenya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Benjamin H. McMahon
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Qiuying Cheng
- University of New Mexico, Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Douglas J. Perkins
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Kenya
- University of New Mexico, Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Kisia LE, Cheng Q, Raballah E, Munde EO, McMahon BH, Hengartner NW, Ong'echa JM, Chelimo K, Lambert CG, Ouma C, Kempaiah P, Perkins DJ, Schneider KA, Anyona SB. Genetic variation in CSF2 (5q31.1) is associated with longitudinal susceptibility to pediatric malaria, severe malarial anemia, and all-cause mortality in a high-burden malaria and HIV region of Kenya. Trop Med Health 2022; 50:41. [PMID: 35752805 PMCID: PMC9233820 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-022-00432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum infections remain among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in holoendemic transmission areas. Located within region 5q31.1, the colony-stimulating factor 2 gene (CSF2) encodes granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a hematopoietic growth factor that mediates host immune responses. Since the effect of CSF2 variation on malaria pathogenesis remains unreported, we investigated the impact of two genetic variants in the 5q31.1 gene region flanking CSF2:g-7032 G > A (rs168681:G > A) and CSF2:g.64544T > C (rs246835:T > C) on the rate and timing of malaria and severe malarial anemia (SMA, Hb < 5.0 g/dL) episodes over 36 months of follow-up. Children (n = 1654, aged 2–70 months) were recruited from a holoendemic P. falciparum transmission area of western Kenya. Decreased incidence rate ratio (IRR) for malaria was conferred by inheritance of the CSF2:g.64544 TC genotype (P = 0.0277) and CSF2 AC/GC diplotype (P = 0.0015). Increased IRR for malaria was observed in carriers of the CSF2 AT/GC diplotype (P = 0.0237), while the inheritance of the CSF2 AT haplotype increased the IRR for SMA (P = 0.0166). A model estimating the longitudinal risk of malaria showed decreased hazard rates among CSF2 AC haplotype carriers (P = 0.0045). Investigation of all-cause mortality revealed that inheritance of the GA genotype at CSF2:g-7032 increased the risk of mortality (P = 0.0315). Higher risk of SMA and all-cause mortality were observed in younger children (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0015), HIV-1(+) individuals (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001), and carriers of HbSS (P = 0.0342 and P = 0.0019). Results from this holoendemic P. falciparum area show that variation in gene region 5q31.1 influences susceptibility to malaria, SMA, and mortality, as does age, HIV-1 status, and inheritance of HbSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily E Kisia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya.,University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Siaya, Kenya
| | - Qiuying Cheng
- Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Evans Raballah
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Siaya, Kenya.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Elly O Munde
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Siaya, Kenya.,Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Kirinyaga University, Kerugoya, Kenya
| | - Benjamin H McMahon
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Nick W Hengartner
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - John M Ong'echa
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Kiprotich Chelimo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | | | - Collins Ouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya.,University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Siaya, Kenya
| | - Prakasha Kempaiah
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Douglas J Perkins
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Siaya, Kenya.,Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kristan A Schneider
- Department Applied Computer and Bio-Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Mittweida, Germany
| | - Samuel B Anyona
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Siaya, Kenya. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya.
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Kamau A, Paton RS, Akech S, Mpimbaza A, Khazenzi C, Ogero M, Mumo E, Alegana VA, Agweyu A, Mturi N, Mohammed S, Bigogo G, Audi A, Kapisi J, Sserwanga A, Namuganga JF, Kariuki S, Otieno NA, Nyawanda BO, Olotu A, Salim N, Athuman T, Abdulla S, Mohamed AF, Mtove G, Reyburn H, Gupta S, Lourenço J, Bejon P, Snow RW. Malaria hospitalisation in East Africa: age, phenotype and transmission intensity. BMC Med 2022; 20:28. [PMID: 35081974 PMCID: PMC8793189 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02224-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the age patterns of disease is necessary to target interventions to maximise cost-effective impact. New malaria chemoprevention and vaccine initiatives target young children attending routine immunisation services. Here we explore the relationships between age and severity of malaria hospitalisation versus malaria transmission intensity. METHODS Clinical data from 21 surveillance hospitals in East Africa were reviewed. Malaria admissions aged 1 month to 14 years from discrete administrative areas since 2006 were identified. Each site-time period was matched to a model estimated community-based age-corrected parasite prevalence to provide predictions of prevalence in childhood (PfPR2-10). Admission with all-cause malaria, severe malaria anaemia (SMA), respiratory distress (RD) and cerebral malaria (CM) were analysed as means and predicted probabilities from Bayesian generalised mixed models. RESULTS 52,684 malaria admissions aged 1 month to 14 years were described at 21 hospitals from 49 site-time locations where PfPR2-10 varied from < 1 to 48.7%. Twelve site-time periods were described as low transmission (PfPR2-10 < 5%), five low-moderate transmission (PfPR2-10 5-9%), 20 moderate transmission (PfPR2-10 10-29%) and 12 high transmission (PfPR2-10 ≥ 30%). The majority of malaria admissions were below 5 years of age (69-85%) and rare among children aged 10-14 years (0.7-5.4%) across all transmission settings. The mean age of all-cause malaria hospitalisation was 49.5 months (95% CI 45.1, 55.4) under low transmission compared with 34.1 months (95% CI 30.4, 38.3) at high transmission, with similar trends for each severe malaria phenotype. CM presented among older children at a mean of 48.7 months compared with 39.0 months and 33.7 months for SMA and RD, respectively. In moderate and high transmission settings, 34% and 42% of the children were aged between 2 and 23 months and so within the age range targeted by chemoprevention or vaccines. CONCLUSIONS Targeting chemoprevention or vaccination programmes to areas where community-based parasite prevalence is ≥10% is likely to match the age ranges covered by interventions (e.g. intermittent presumptive treatment in infancy to children aged 2-23 months and current vaccine age eligibility and duration of efficacy) and the age ranges of highest disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Kamau
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | | | - Samuel Akech
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Arthur Mpimbaza
- Child Health and Development Centre, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Cynthia Khazenzi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Morris Ogero
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eda Mumo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Victor A Alegana
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ambrose Agweyu
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Neema Mturi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Shebe Mohammed
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Godfrey Bigogo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Allan Audi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - James Kapisi
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Simon Kariuki
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Nancy A Otieno
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Bryan O Nyawanda
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Ally Olotu
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Nahya Salim
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Amina F Mohamed
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre/Joint Malaria Programme, Moshi, Tanzania
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - George Mtove
- National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Research Centre, Muheza, Tanzania
| | - Hugh Reyburn
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sunetra Gupta
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - José Lourenço
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip Bejon
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert W Snow
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Raballah E, Anyona SB, Cheng Q, Munde EO, Hurwitz IF, Onyango C, Ndege C, Hengartner NW, Pacheco MA, Escalante AA, Lambert CG, Ouma C, Obama HCJT, Scheider KA, Seidenberg PD, McMahon BH, Perkins DJ. Complement component 3 mutations alter the longitudinal risk of pediatric malaria and severe malarial anemia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 247:672-682. [PMID: 34842470 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211056272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe malarial anemia (SMA) is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in holoendemic Plasmodium falciparum transmission regions. To gain enhanced understanding of predisposing factors for SMA, we explored the relationship between complement component 3 (C3) missense mutations [rs2230199 (2307C>G, Arg>Gly102) and rs11569534 (34420G>A, Gly>Asp1224)], malaria, and SMA in a cohort of children (n = 1617 children) over 36 months of follow-up. Variants were selected based on their ability to impart amino acid substitutions that can alter the structure and function of C3. The 2307C>G mutation results in a basic to a polar residue change (Arg to Gly) at position 102 (β-chain) in the macroglobulin-1 (MG1) domain, while 34420G>A elicits a polar to acidic residue change (Gly to Asp) at position 1224 (α-chain) in the thioester-containing domain. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, longitudinal analyses revealed that inheritance of the homozygous mutant (GG) at 2307 enhanced the risk of SMA (RR = 2.142, 95%CI: 1.229-3.735, P = 0.007). The haplotype containing both wild-type alleles (CG) decreased the incident risk ratio of both malaria (RR = 0.897, 95%CI: 0.828-0.972, P = 0.008) and SMA (RR = 0.617, 95%CI: 0.448-0.848, P = 0.003). Malaria incident risk ratio was also reduced in carriers of the GG (Gly102Gly1224) haplotype (RR = 0.941, 95%CI: 0.888-0.997, P = 0.040). Collectively, inheritance of the missense mutations in MG1 and thioester-containing domain influence the longitudinal risk of malaria and SMA in children exposed to intense Plasmodium falciparum transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evans Raballah
- 1104University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu and Siaya 40100, Kenya.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, 118970School of Public Health Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, 50100 Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Samuel B Anyona
- 1104University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu and Siaya 40100, Kenya.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, 118971School of Medicine, Maseno University, 40105 Maseno, Kenya
| | - Qiuying Cheng
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, 1104University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131 NM, USA
| | - Elly O Munde
- 1104University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu and Siaya 40100, Kenya.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Kirinyaga University School of Health Sciences, Kerugoya 10300, Kenya
| | - Ivy-Foo Hurwitz
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, 1104University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131 NM, USA
| | - Clinton Onyango
- 1104University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu and Siaya 40100, Kenya
| | - Caroline Ndege
- 1104University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu and Siaya 40100, Kenya
| | - Nicolas W Hengartner
- Theoretical Division, Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, 87544 NM, USA
| | - Maria Andreína Pacheco
- Biology Department/Institute of Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine (iGEM), Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Ananias A Escalante
- Biology Department/Institute of Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine (iGEM), Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Christophe G Lambert
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, 1104University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131 NM, USA
| | - Collins Ouma
- 1104University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu and Siaya 40100, Kenya.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, 118971School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, 40105 Maseno, Kenya
| | - Henri C Jr T Obama
- Department of Applied Computer and Biosciences, University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Technikumplatz, Mittweida 09648, Germany
| | - Kristan A Scheider
- Department of Applied Computer and Biosciences, University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Technikumplatz, Mittweida 09648, Germany
| | - Philip D Seidenberg
- Department of Emergency Medicine, 1104University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Benjamin H McMahon
- Theoretical Division, Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, 87544 NM, USA
| | - Douglas J Perkins
- 1104University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu and Siaya 40100, Kenya.,Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, 1104University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131 NM, USA
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Guo N, Zhang K, Gao X, Lv M, Luan J, Hu Z, Li A, Gou X. Role and mechanism of LAIR-1 in the development of autoimmune diseases, tumors, and malaria: A review. Curr Res Transl Med 2020; 68:119-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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