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Yadav U, Sapra BK. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Low Dose Radiation Therapy for COVID-19 Pneumonia: Learnings of 4 Years Since Pandemic. Clin Transl Sci 2025; 18:e70137. [PMID: 39936613 PMCID: PMC11815568 DOI: 10.1111/cts.70137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 11/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2025] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 caused a worldwide pandemic resulting in break of demand-supply chain in all aspects of healthcare, high mortality rates, and a constant quest for effective treatment modalities. Based on historical and recent evidences of anti-inflammatory effects of low dose of ionizing radiation, several healthcare professionals proposed low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) along with ongoing pharmacological treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia. A positive response in a few initial studies led to systematic trials by increasing the number of patients in the range of 0.5-1.5 Gy. However, the concerns of radiation-induced risks were also raised in parallel. In the present article, we have highlighted the basis of LDRT for COVID-19 therapy. We have reviewed the available literature, specifically for outcomes on various clinical trials carried out with LDRT. Meta-analysis was performed to identify if any survival benefits are offered by addition of LDRT over pharmacological treatment alone among COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Other clinical recovery parameters such as intubation rates, oxygenation status, anti-inflammatory response have also been compared. Overall data trends favored LDRT with standard pharmacological treatment against control cohort which received standard treatment alone at all the endpoints in majority studies. LDRT addition resulted in significantly higher odds of survival than control cohort. Among critical and/or mechanically ventilated patients, LDRT did not show any promising outcomes over the control group. In conclusion, LDRT may serve as a promising complementary treatment modality with a potential of better prognosis, provided the patient selection criteria are critically identified and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Yadav
- Radiological Physics & Advisory DivisionBhabha Atomic Research CentreTrombay, MumbaiIndia
- Homi Bhabha National InstituteMumbaiIndia
| | - Balvinder Kaur Sapra
- Radiological Physics & Advisory DivisionBhabha Atomic Research CentreTrombay, MumbaiIndia
- Homi Bhabha National InstituteMumbaiIndia
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Justiz-Vaillant A, Roopnarine K, Solomon S, Phillips A, Sandy S, Subero A, Seepersad S, Span N, Ramnath P, Ramnarine A, Ramdath B, Rampaul C, Ramdial R, Phagoo D, Ramdhanie T, Moonilal V, Poliah EM, Poonwassie S, Punilal K, Panchoo S, Parris J, Oudit S, Muir T, Nicholas-Joseph J, Pandit BR, Pakeerah S, Sookoo V, Richards P, John T, Gopaul D, Soodeen S, Arozarena-Barbosa O, Williams A, Unakal C, Fundora RA, Thompson R, Akpaka PE. COVID-19 Vaccines Effectiveness and Safety in Trinidad and Tobago: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Microorganisms 2025; 13:135. [PMID: 39858903 PMCID: PMC11767614 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2024] [Revised: 12/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness and side effects of various COVID-19 vaccines, with a focus on Trinidad and Tobago. The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines demonstrated the highest efficacy, particularly against COVID-19 variants, while Janssen and Sinopharm were comparatively less effective. mRNA vaccines, such as Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca, were associated with more frequent and severe side effects, including soreness, fever, and cardiovascular issues. The review also identified significant gaps in the current scientific literature regarding COVID-19 vaccination issues in Trinidad and Tobago. These gaps highlight the need for comprehensive research to address vaccination challenges, including public health communication, equitable access, and local perceptions of vaccine safety. This analysis provides a foundation for developing targeted strategies to improve vaccine effectiveness in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Justiz-Vaillant
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Kimberly Roopnarine
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Shaundell Solomon
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Alyssa Phillips
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Solange Sandy
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Alyssa Subero
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Sarah Seepersad
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Nicholas Span
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Phalmanie Ramnath
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Akaasha Ramnarine
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Bimala Ramdath
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Chelsea Rampaul
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Renissa Ramdial
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Dana Phagoo
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Thalia Ramdhanie
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Vinaya Moonilal
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Emily-Marie Poliah
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Steffan Poonwassie
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Karishta Punilal
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Sarah Panchoo
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Justice Parris
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Steven Oudit
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Trudy Muir
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Johnson Nicholas-Joseph
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Bijey Raj Pandit
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Sanjeev Pakeerah
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Vesham Sookoo
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Patrice Richards
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Tishia John
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Darren Gopaul
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA;
| | - Sachin Soodeen
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Odette Arozarena-Barbosa
- Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champs Fleurs 330912, Trinidad and Tobago (R.A.F.)
| | - Arlene Williams
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Chandrashehkar Unakal
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Rodolfo Arozarena Fundora
- Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champs Fleurs 330912, Trinidad and Tobago (R.A.F.)
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Reinand Thompson
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Patrick Eberechi Akpaka
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago; (K.R.); (S.S.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.R.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (C.R.); (R.R.); (D.P.); (T.R.); (V.M.); (E.-M.P.); (S.P.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (S.O.); (T.M.); (J.N.-J.); (B.R.P.); (S.P.); (V.S.); (P.R.); (T.J.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (C.U.); (R.T.); (P.E.A.)
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Bolormaa E, Shim J, Choi YS, Kwon D, Choe YJ, Choe SA. Methodology of comparative studies on the relative effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines: a systematic review. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024; 15:395-408. [PMID: 39511961 PMCID: PMC11563719 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to comprehensively outline the methodological approaches used in published research comparing the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on June 13, 2024, to identify comparative studies evaluating the effectiveness of mRNA versus non-mRNA and monovalent versus bivalent COVID-19 vaccines. We screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, collecting data on publication year, country, sample size, study population composition, study design, VE estimates, outcomes, and covariates. Studies that reported relative VE (rVE) were analyzed separately from those that did not. RESULTS We identified 25 articles comparing rVE between mRNA and non-mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, as well as between monovalent and bivalent formulations. Among the studies assessing VE by vaccine type, 126 did not provide rVE estimates. Comparative VE studies frequently employed retrospective cohort designs. Among the definitions of rVE used, the most common were hazard ratio and absolute VE, calculated as (1-odds ratio)×100. Studies were most frequently conducted in the United Kingdom and the United States, and the most common outcome was infection. Most targeted the general population and assessed the VE of mRNA vaccines using the AstraZeneca vaccine as a reference. A small proportion, 7.3% (n=11), did not adjust for any variables. Only 3 studies (2.0%) adjusted for all core confounding variables recommended by the World Health Organization. CONCLUSION Few comparative studies of COVID-19 vaccines have incorporated rVE methodologies. Reporting rVE and employing a consistent set of covariates can broaden our understanding of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdenetuya Bolormaa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiae Shim
- Division of Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sook Choi
- Division of Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Division of Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young June Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Choe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Anand P, D’Andrea E, Feldman W, Wang SV, Liu J, Brill G, DiCesare E, Lin KJ. A Dynamic Prognostic Model for Identifying Vulnerable COVID-19 Patients at High Risk of Rapid Deterioration. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2024; 33:e5872. [PMID: 39135513 PMCID: PMC11418916 DOI: 10.1002/pds.5872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to validate and, if performance was unsatisfactory, update the previously published prognostic model to predict clinical deterioration in patients hospitalized for COVID-19, using data following vaccine availability. METHODS Using electronic health records of patients ≥18 years, with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, from a large care-delivery network in Massachusetts, USA, from March 2020 to November 2021, we tested the performance of the previously developed prediction model and updated the prediction model by incorporating data after availability of COVID-19 vaccines. We randomly divided data into development (70%) and validation (30%) cohorts. We built a model predicting worsening in a published severity scale in 24 h by LASSO regression and evaluated performance by c-statistic and Brier score. RESULTS Our study cohort consisted of 8185 patients (Development: 5730 patients [mean age: 62; 44% female] and Validation: 2455 patients [mean age: 62; 45% female]). The previously published model had suboptimal performance using data after November 2020 (N = 4973, c-statistic = 0.60. Brier score = 0.11). After retraining with the new data, the updated model included 38 predictors including 18 changing biomarkers. Patients hospitalized after Jun 1st, 2021 (when COVID-19 vaccines became widely available in Massachusetts) were younger and had fewer comorbidities than those hospitalized before. The c-statistic and Brier score were 0.77 and 0.13 in the development cohort, and 0.73 and 0.14 in the validation cohort. CONCLUSION The characteristics of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 differed substantially over time. We developed a new dynamic model for rapid progression with satisfactory performance in the validation set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Anand
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Elvira D’Andrea
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - William Feldman
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Shirley V. Wang
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Jun Liu
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Gregory Brill
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Elyse DiCesare
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Kueiyu Joshua Lin
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
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Gerelkhuu Z, Park S, Lee KH, Kim YC, Kwon SJ, Song KH, Kim ES, Song YG, Park YS, Ahn JY, Choi JY, Choi WS, Bae S, Kim SH, Kim SW, Kwon KT, Jeong HW, Peck KR, Kang ES, Koh JY, Ko JH, Yoon TH. Overcoming the age-dependent SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response through hybrid immunity: analysis of humoral and cellular immunity with mass cytometry profiling. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:51. [PMID: 39080742 PMCID: PMC11289962 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-dependent immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations and breakthrough infections (BIs) in young and middle-aged individuals are unclear. METHODS This nationwide multicenter prospective cohort study analyzed immune responses in participants of the ChAdOx1 (ChAd)-ChAd-mRNA vaccine group using cytometry by time-of-flight, anti-spike protein antibody (Sab) and anti-nucleocapsid antibody (Nab) titers, plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assays at various time points. RESULTS We evaluated 347 participants with an average age of 38.9 ± 9.4 years (range: 21-63). There was a significant inverse correlation between age and Sab levels after the second dose (slope - 14.96, P = 0.032), and this was more pronounced after the third dose (slope - 208.9, P < 0.001). After BIs, older participants showed significantly higher Sab titers (slope 398.8, P = 0.001), reversing the age-related decline observed post-vaccination. This reversal was also observed in PRNTs against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and the BA.1 and BA.5 variants. IFN-γ responses increased markedly after the third dose and Bis, but showed a weak positive correlation with age, without statistical significance. Immune cell profiling revealed an age-dependent decrease in the proportions of B-cell lineage cells. The proportions of naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were inversely correlated with age, whereas the proportions of mature T cell subsets with memory function, including memory CD4+ T, CD8+ TEM, CD8+ TEMRA, and TFH cells, increased with age. CONCLUSIONS Age-dependent waning of the serologic response to COVID-19 vaccines occurred even in middle-aged individuals, but was reversed after BIs. IFN-γ responses were preserved, compensating for the decrease in naive T cell populations, with an increase in memory T cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zayakhuu Gerelkhuu
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehee Park
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwa Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chan Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyoung-Ho Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eu Suk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Goo Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongman Bae
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Kwon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Ran Peck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Suk Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jae-Hoon Ko
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Hyun Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Yoon Idea Lab. Co. Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Blanco-Rodríguez R, Tetteh JNA, Hernández-Vargas E. Assessing the impacts of vaccination and viral evolution in contact networks. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15753. [PMID: 38977773 PMCID: PMC11231155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A key lesson learned with COVID-19 is that public health measures were very different from country to country. In this study, we provide an analysis of epidemic dynamics using three well-known stochastic network models-small-world networks (Watts-Strogatz), random networks (Erdös-Rényi), and scale-free networks (Barabási-Albert)-to assess the impact of different viral strains, lockdown strategies, and vaccination campaigns. We highlight the significant role of highly connected nodes in the spread of infections, particularly within Barabási-Albert networks. These networks experienced earlier and higher peaks in infection rates, but ultimately had the lowest total number of infections, indicating their rapid transmission dynamics. We also found that intermittent lockdown strategies, particularly those with 7-day intervals, effectively reduce the total number of infections, serving as viable alternatives to prolonged continuous lockdowns. When simulating vaccination campaigns, we observed a bimodal distribution leading to two distinct outcomes: pandemic contraction and pandemic expansion. For WS and ER networks, rapid mass vaccination campaigns significantly reduced infection rates compared to slower campaigns; however, for BA networks, differences between vaccination strategies were minimal. To account for the evolution of a virus into a more transmissible strain, we modeled vaccination scenarios that varied vaccine efficacy against the wild-type virus and noted a decline in this efficacy over time against a second variant. Our results showed that vaccination coverage above 40% significantly flattened infection peaks for the wild-type virus, while at least 80% coverage was required to similarly reduce peaks for variant 2. Furthermore, the effect of vaccine efficacy on reducing the peak of variant 2 infection was minimal. Although vaccination strategies targeting hub nodes in scale-free networks did not substantially reduce the total number of infections, they were effective in increasing the probability of preventing pandemic outbreaks. These findings underscore the need to consider the network structure for effective pandemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Blanco-Rodríguez
- Department of Mathematics and Statistical Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-1103, USA
- Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-1103, USA
| | | | - Esteban Hernández-Vargas
- Department of Mathematics and Statistical Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-1103, USA.
- Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-1103, USA.
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Alshiban NM, Aleyiydi MS, Nassar MS, Alhumaid NK, Almangour TA, Tawfik YM, Damiati LA, Almutairi AS, Tawfik EA. Epidemiologic and clinical updates on viral infections in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102126. [PMID: 38966679 PMCID: PMC11223122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, the world has witnessed devastating pandemics affecting the global healthcare infrastructure and disrupting society and the economy worldwide. Among all pathogens, viruses play a critical role that is associated with outbreaks due to their wide range of species, involvement of animal hosts, easily transmitted to humans, and increased rates of infectivity. Viral disease outbreaks threaten public health globally due to the challenges associated with controlling and eradicating them. Implementing effective viral disease control programs starts with ongoing surveillance data collection and analyses to detect infectious disease trends and patterns, which is critical for maintaining public health. Viral disease control strategies include improved hygiene and sanitation facilities, eliminating arthropod vectors, vaccinations, and quarantine. The Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Public Health Authority (also known as Weqayah) in Saudi Arabia are responsible for public health surveillance to control and prevent infectious diseases. The notifiable viral diseases based on the Saudi MOH include hepatitis diseases, viral hemorrhagic fevers, respiratory viral diseases, exanthematous viral diseases, neurological viral diseases, and conjunctivitis. Monitoring trends and detecting changes in these viral diseases is essential to provide proper interventions, evaluate the established prevention programs, and develop better prevention strategies. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the epidemiological updates of the recently reported viral infections in Saudi Arabia and to provide insights into the recent clinical treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura M. Alshiban
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munirah S. Aleyiydi
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S. Nassar
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada K. Alhumaid
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer A. Almangour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya M.K. Tawfik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila A. Damiati
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Essam A. Tawfik
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
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Sila T, Suriyaamorn W, Toh C, Rajborirug S, Surasombatpattana S, Thongsuksai P, Kongkamol C, Chusri S, Sornsenee P, Wuthisuthimethawee P, Chaowanawong R, Sangkhathat S, Ingviya T. Factors associated with the worsening of COVID-19 symptoms among cohorts in community- or home-isolation care in southern Thailand. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1350304. [PMID: 38572011 PMCID: PMC10987961 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1350304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate factors associated with time-to-referral due to worsening symptoms in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in southern Thailand. While underlying diseases have been evaluated to assess COVID-19 severity, the influence of vaccinations and treatments is also crucial. Methods A cohort of 8,638 patients quarantined in home or community isolation with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 was analyzed. Survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazard ratio were employed to assess factors influencing time-toreferral. Results Age ≥ 60 years, neurologic disorders, cardiovascular disease, and human immunodeficiency virus infection were identified as significant risk factors for severe COVID-19 referral. Patients who received full- or booster-dose vaccinations had a lower risk of experiencing severe symptoms compared to unvaccinated patients. Notably, individuals vaccinated during the Omicron-dominant period had a substantially lower time-to-referral than those unvaccinated during the Delta-dominant period. Moreover, patients vaccinated between 1 and 6 months prior to infection had a significantly lower risk of time-to-referral than the reference group. Discussion These findings demonstrate early intervention in high-risk COVID-19 patients and the importance of vaccination efficacy to reduce symptom severity. The study provides valuable insights for guiding future epidemic management strategies and optimising patient care during infectious disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanit Sila
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Department of Health Science and Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Wisanuwee Suriyaamorn
- Division of Digital Innovation and Data Analytics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chanavee Toh
- Department of Health Science and Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Songyos Rajborirug
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | - Paramee Thongsuksai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Department of Health Science and Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chanon Kongkamol
- Division of Digital Innovation and Data Analytics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Department of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sarunyou Chusri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Phoomjai Sornsenee
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkla, Thailand
| | - Prasit Wuthisuthimethawee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Raya Chaowanawong
- Faculty of Nursing, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkla, Thailand
| | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Thammasin Ingviya
- Division of Digital Innovation and Data Analytics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Department of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Dijkman K, Lindenstrøm T, Rosenkrands I, Søe R, Woodworth JS, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Mortensen R. A protective, single-visit TB vaccination regimen by co-administration of a subunit vaccine with BCG. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:66. [PMID: 37160970 PMCID: PMC10169149 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The only licensed tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), fails to reliably protect adolescents and adults from pulmonary TB, resulting in ~1.6 million deaths annually. Protein subunit vaccines have shown promise against TB in clinical studies. Unfortunately, most subunit vaccines require multiple administrations, which increases the risk of loss to follow-up and necessitates more complex and costly logistics. Given the well-documented adjuvant effect of BCG, we hypothesized that BCG co-administration could compensate for a reduced number of subunit vaccinations. To explore this, we developed an expression-optimized version of our H107 vaccine candidate (H107e), which does not cross-react with BCG. In the CAF®01 adjuvant, a single dose of H107e induced inferior protection compared to three H107e/CAF®01 administrations. However, co-administering a single dose of H107e/CAF®01 with BCG significantly improved protection, which was equal to BCG co-administered with three H107e/CAF®01 doses. Importantly, combining BCG with a single H107e/CAF®01 dose also increased protection in previously BCG-primed animals. Overall, a single dose of H107e/CAF®01 with BCG induced long-lived immunity and triggered BCG-specific Th17 responses. These data support co-administration of BCG and subunit vaccines in both BCG naïve and BCG-primed individuals as an improved TB vaccine strategy with reduced number of vaccination visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Dijkman
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Lindenstrøm
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Rosenkrands
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Søe
- Department of Vaccine Development, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joshua S Woodworth
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Rasmus Mortensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Differences in BNT126b2 and ChAdOx1 Homologous Vaccination Antibody Response among Teachers in Poznan, Poland. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010118. [PMID: 36679962 PMCID: PMC9862687 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Children are among the best vectors to spread respiratory viruses, including emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 due to the asymptomatic or relatively mild course of infection and simultaneously high titres of pathogens in the respiratory tract. Therefore, individuals who have constant contact with children, e.g., teachers should be vaccinated against COVID-19 as essential workers within the first phases of a vaccination campaign. In Poland, primary and secondary school teachers were vaccinated with ChAdOx1 from February 2021 with a three month interval between the two doses, while lecturers at medical universities, who are simultaneously healthcare workers, received the BNT126b2 vaccine from December 2020 with three weeks between the first and second doses. The aim of this study was to compare the antibody responses at two weeks and three months after vaccination and to estimate the vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 among infection-naïve teachers vaccinated with mRNA and a vector vaccine. We found that the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies were significantly higher among the lecturers but antibody waning was slower among the schoolteachers. However, those vaccinated with ChAdOx1 complained significantly more often of vaccine side effects. In addition, during the three months after the second vaccine dose no study participants were infected with SARS-CoV-2. The BNT126b2 vaccine gave higher antibody titres in comparison with ChAdOx1 but protection against COVID-19 in both cases was similar. Moreover, we did not find any anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein antibodies at two weeks as well as at three months after vaccination among the study participants, which shows a very high vaccine effectiveness in the occupational group with a high SARS-CoV-2-infection risk.
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11
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Abdelhamid MHM, Almsellati IA, Annajar BB, Abdulhamid A, Alemam H, Etikar M. Hospitalization among vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection after dose sparing strategies in Libya: A cohort study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276425. [PMID: 36327290 PMCID: PMC9632805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection is widely spread over people, from youth to the elderly. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is an essential preventive measure to help end the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. A multi-center retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients in Libya who had received single-dose licensed three different types of vaccines (Oxford/AstraZeneca, CoronaVac, or Sputnik-V) and were admitted to healthcare centers with SARS-CoV-2 infection from 30th April to 15th July 2021. In this study, the number of people infected with SARS-COV-2 and the mortality rate from daily reports issued by the National Centers for Disease Control of Libya (NCDC) were collected. Approximately 445000 single doses of the SARS-COV-2 vaccine were administered in Libya from April to July 2021. In corresponding, 39996 people were infected during this period. It has been found that among the people who did not receive any vaccine, the number of patients infected by SARS-COV-2 and admitted to the healthcare centers, and died was (N = 3176 patients (7.94%), and 266 (7.10%) respectively). Compared to 43 (0.10%) of those admitted to healthcare centers who had taken a single dose from one of the licensed vaccines, of which 8 patients (0.02%) died during this period. The documented 23 patients were those who admitted to healthcare centers and got vaccinated with the CoronaVac (Sinovac) vaccine. Fourteen patients received Oxford/AstraZeneca. Only 2 patients received the Sputnik V vaccine. Of the breakthrough infection cases reviewed, 8 patients died. No deaths due to breakthrough infection among Sputnik V vaccinated patients were reported. In conclusion, a single dose of the three different types of the vaccine has significantly reduced virus interpersonal transmission and also showed a decrease in the mortality rate until the tenth week in Libya. The present study demonstrates the extent of the remarkable success of the early rollout of the coronavirus national vaccination campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hadi Mohamed Abdelhamid
- Head of Researchs and Sciences Committees Office, National Center for Disease Control (NCDC), Tripoli, Libya
- Department of Cell Biology and Tissue Culture, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center (BTRC), Tripoli, Libya
| | | | - Badereddin B. Annajar
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medical Technology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Alaa.H Abdulhamid
- Department of Cardiology, Tripoli University Hospital, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Hafsa Alemam
- Department of Environment, Biotechnology Research Center (BTRC), Tripoli, Libya
| | - Mohammed Etikar
- Head of Researchs and Sciences Committees Office, National Center for Disease Control (NCDC), Tripoli, Libya
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Britto C, Alter G. The next frontier in vaccine design: blending immune correlates of protection into rational vaccine design. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 78:102234. [PMID: 35973352 PMCID: PMC9612370 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extraordinary speed and success in SARS-Cov-2 vaccine development, the emergence of variants of concern perplexed the vaccine development community. Neutralizing antibodies waned antibodies waned and were evaded by viral variants, despite the preservation of protection against severe disease and death across vaccinated populations. Similar to other vaccine design efforts, the lack of mechanistic correlates of immunity against Coronavirus Disease 2019, raised questions related to the need for vaccine redesign and boosting. Hence, our limited understanding of mechanistic correlates of immunity - across pathogens - remains a major obstacle in vaccine development. The identification and incorporation of mechanistic correlates of immunity are key to the accelerated design of highly impactful globally relevant vaccines. Systems-biology tools can be applied strategically to define a complete understanding of mechanistic correlates of immunity. Embedding immunological dissection and target immune profile identification, beyond canonical antibody binding and neutralization, may accelerate the design and success of durable protective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Britto
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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13
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Comparison of the Immune Responses to COVID-19 Vaccines in Bangladeshi Population. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091498. [PMID: 36146576 PMCID: PMC9504987 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The adaptive immune response is a crucial component of the protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2, generated after infection or vaccination. Methods: We studied antibody titers, neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses to four different COVID-19 vaccines, namely Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna Spikevax, AstraZeneca and Sinopharm vaccines in the Bangladeshi population (n = 1780). Results: mRNA vaccines Moderna (14,655 ± 11.3) and Pfizer (13,772 ± 11.5) elicited significantly higher anti-Spike (S) antibody titers compared to the Adenovector vaccine AstraZeneca (2443 ± 12.8) and inactivated vaccine Sinopharm (1150 ± 11.2). SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies as well as IFN-γ-secreting lymphocytes were more abundant in Pfizer and Moderna vaccine recipients compared to AstraZeneca and Sinopharm vaccine recipients. Participants previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibited higher post-vaccine immune responses (S-specific and neutralizing antibodies, IFN-γ-secreting cells) compared to uninfected participants. Memory B (BMEM), total CD8+T, CD4+ central memory (CD4+CM) and T-regulatory (TREG) cells were more numerous in AstraZeneca vaccine recipients compared to other vaccine recipients. Plasmablasts, B-regulatory (BREG) and CD4+ effector (CD4+EFF) cells were more numerous in mRNA vaccine recipients. Conclusions: mRNA vaccines generated a higher antibody response, while a differential cellular response was observed for different vaccine types, suggesting that both cellular and humoral responses are important in immune monitoring of different types of vaccines.
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AlKhafaji DM, Al Argan RJ, AlBahrani S, Alwaheed AJ, Alqatari SG, Al Elq AH, Albaker W, Alwazzeh M, AlSulaiman AS, AlSulaiman RS, Almadan HM, Alhammad AA, Almajid AN, Hakami FH, Alanazi WK. The Impact of Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Virus on the Outcome of COVID-19 Disease. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:3477-3489. [PMID: 35813086 PMCID: PMC9259051 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s365179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dania M AlKhafaji
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem J Al Argan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma AlBahrani
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar J Alwaheed
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safi G Alqatari
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen H Al Elq
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Albaker
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan Alwazzeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal S AlSulaiman
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem S AlSulaiman
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Reem S AlSulaiman, King Fahad University Hospital, Shura Street, Al Aqrabiyah, Al Khobar, 34445, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 533229610, Email
| | - Hussain M Almadan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Alhammad
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali N Almajid
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah H Hakami
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa K Alanazi
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
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