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Jin J, Akau Ola S, Yip CH, Nthumba P, Ameh EA, de Jonge S, Mehes M, Waiqanabete HI, Henry J, Hill A. The Impact of Quality Improvement Interventions in Improving Surgical Infections and Mortality in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World J Surg 2021; 45:2993-3006. [PMID: 34218314 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-021-06208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbidity and mortality in surgical systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain high compared to high-income countries. Quality improvement processes, interventions, and structure are essential in the effort to improve peri-operative outcomes. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies assessing quality improvement processes, interventions, and structure in developing country surgical systems was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were included if they were conducted in an LMIC, occurred in a surgical setting, and measured the effect of an implementation and its impact. The primary outcome was mortality, and secondary outcomes were rates of rates of hospital-acquired infection (HAI) and surgical site infections (SSI). Prospero Registration: CRD42020171542. RESULT Of 38,273 search results, 31 studies were included in a qualitative synthesis, and 28 articles were included in a meta-analysis. Implementation of multimodal bundled interventions reduced the incidence of HAI by a relative risk (RR) of 0.39 (95%CI 0.26 to 0.59), the effect of hand hygiene interventions on HAIs showed a non-significant effect of RR of 0.69 (0.46-1.05). The WHO Safe Surgery Checklist reduced mortality by RR 0.68 (0.49 to 0.95) and SSI by RR 0.50 (0.33 to 0.63) and antimicrobial stewardship interventions reduced SSI by RR 0.67 (0.48-0.93). CONCLUSION There is evidence that a number of quality improvement processes, interventions and structural changes can improve mortality, HAI and SSI outcomes in the peri-operative setting in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Jin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Salesi Akau Ola
- Surgery, Fiji National University, samabula fiji Lakeba Street Samabula, Suva, Fiji
| | - Cheng-Har Yip
- Surgery, University of Malaya, Subang Jaya Medical Centre, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Peter Nthumba
- AIC Kijabe Hospital Surgery, Kijabe Road Kijabe Lari Kiambu KE, Kijabe, Kenya
| | - Emmanuel A Ameh
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Northcentral University, 8667 E Hartford Dr Ste 100, Scottsdale, AZ, 85255, USA
| | - Stijn de Jonge
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jaymie Henry
- Department of Surgery, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA.
| | - Andrew Hill
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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DE-Aguilar-Nascimento JE, SalomÃo AB, Caporossi C, Dock-Nascimento DB, Eder Portari-Filho P, Campos ACL, Imbelloni LE, Silva-Jr JM, Waitzberg DL, Correia MITD. ACERTO Project - 15 years changing perioperative care in Brazil. Rev Col Bras Cir 2021; 48:e20202832. [PMID: 33503143 PMCID: PMC10846405 DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20202832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ACERTO project is a multimodal perioperative care protocol. Implemented in 2005, the project in the last 15 years has disseminated the idea of a modern perioperative care protocol, based on evidence and with interdisciplinary team work. Dozens of published studies, using the protocol, have shown benefits such as reduced hospital stay, postoperative complications and hospital costs. Disseminated in Brazil, the project is supported by the Brazilian College of Surgeons and the Brazilian Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, among others. This article compiles publications by the authors who belong to the CNPq research group "Acerto em Nutrição e Cirurgia", refers to the experience of other national authors in various surgical specialties, and finally outlines the evolution of the ACERTO project in the timeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- JosÉ Eduardo DE-Aguilar-Nascimento
- - Centro Universitário de Várzea Grande (UNIVAG), Direção do Curso de Medicina - Várzea Grande - MT - Brasil
- - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - Cuiabá - MT - Brasil
| | | | - Cervantes Caporossi
- - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - Cuiabá - MT - Brasil
| | | | - Pedro Eder Portari-Filho
- - Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Departamento de Cirurgia Geral e Especializada - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brasil
| | | | | | - JoÃo Manoel Silva-Jr
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Divisão de Anestesiologia - São Paulo - SP - Brasil
| | - Dan Linetzky Waitzberg
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia - São Paulo - SP - Brasil
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Bisinotto FMB, Silveira LAMD, Rossi TC, Martins LB, Zago GP, Mendonça MAL. Comparative ultrasound study of gastric emptying between an isotonic solution and a nutritional supplement. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY (ENGLISH EDITION) 2019. [PMID: 30528849 PMCID: PMC9391766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives Preoperative fasting may lead to undesirable effects in the surgical patient in whom there is a stimulus to ingesting clear liquids until 2 hours before anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastric emptying of two different solutions using ultrasound. Methods In a prospective, randomized, blind study, 34 healthy volunteers ingested 200 mL of two solutions without residues in two steps: an isotonic solution with carbohydrates, electrolytes, osmolarity of 292 mOsm.L−1, and 36 kcal; and other nutritional supplementation with carbohydrates, proteins, electrolytes, osmolarity of 680 mO.L−1, and 300 kcal. After 2 hours, a gastric ultrasound was performed to assess the antrum area and gastric volume, and the relation of gastric volume to weight (vol.w−1), whose value above 1.5 mL.kg−1 was considered a risk for bronchoaspiration. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There was a significant difference between all parameters evaluated 2 hours after the ingestion of nutritional supplementation compared to fasting. The same occurred when the parameters between isotonic solution and nutritional supplementation were compared 2 hours after ingestion. Only one patient had vol.w−1 <1.5 mL.kg−1 2 hours after ingestion of nutritional supplementation; and only one had vol.w−1 >1.5 mL.kg−1 after ingestion of isotonic solution. Conclusion This study demonstrated that gastric emptying of equal volumes of different solutions depends on their constitution. Those with high caloric and high osmolarity, and with proteins present, 2 hours after ingestion, increased the gastric volumes, which is compatible with the risk of gastric aspiration.
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Implementation strategies to reduce surgical site infections: A systematic review. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2019; 40:287-300. [PMID: 30786946 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2018.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical site infections (SSIs) portend high patient morbidity and mortality. Although evidence-based clinical interventions can reduce SSIs, they are not reliably delivered in practice, and data are limited on the best approach to improve adherence. OBJECTIVE To summarize implementation strategies aimed at improving adherence to evidence-based interventions that reduce SSIs. DESIGN Systematic reviewMethods:We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, the WHO Regional databases, AFROLIB, and Africa-Wide for studies published between January 1990 and December 2015. The Effective Practice and Organization Care (EPOC) criteria were used to identify an acceptable-quality study design. We used structured forms to extract data on implementation strategies and grouped them into an implementation model called the "Four Es" framework (ie, engage, educate, execute, and evaluate). RESULTS In total, 125 studies met our inclusion criteria, but only 8 studies met the EPOC criteria, which limited our ability to identify best practices. Most studies used multifaceted strategies to improve adherence with evidence-based interventions. Engagement strategies included multidisciplinary work and strong leadership involvement. Education strategies included various approaches to introduce evidence-based practices to clinicians and patients. Execution strategies standardized the interventions into simple tasks to facilitate uptake. Evaluation strategies assessed adherence with evidence-based interventions and patient outcomes, providing feedback of performance to providers. CONCLUSIONS Multifaceted implementation strategies represent the most common approach to facilitating the adoption of evidence-based practices. We believe that this summary of implementation strategies complements existing clinical guidelines and may accelerate efforts to reduce SSIs.
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Marquini GV, Pinheiro FES, Vieira AUC, Pinto RMC, Uyeda MGBK, Girão MJBC, Sartori MGF. Efeitos da abreviação do jejum pré-operatório com solução de carboidrato e proteína em sintomas pós-operatórios de cirurgias ginecológicas: ensaio clínico randomizado controlado duplo-cego. Rev Col Bras Cir 2019; 46:e20192295. [DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20192295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: investigar os efeitos da abreviação do jejum pré-operatório, uma recomendação do protocolo de “Aceleração da Recuperação Total Pós-operatória” (ACERTO), em sintomas pós-operatórios de pacientes submetidas à cirurgias ginecológicas. Métodos: estudo controlado, randomizado, duplo-cego, de 80 cirurgias ginecológicas realizadas no período de janeiro a junho de 2016. As pacientes foram aleatoriamente alocadas em dois grupos: Grupo Controle, com 42 pacientes, e Grupo Suco, com 38, e que receberam, respectivamente, 200ml de solução inerte ou 200ml de líquido enriquecido com carboidrato e proteína quatro horas antes da cirurgia. Os sintomas pós-operatórios estudados foram sede, fome, dor, agitação, satisfação e bem-estar, em ambos os grupos. Para medir a intensidade dos sintomas foi utilizada a Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), associada à Escala Facial (EF) para dor, aplicadas dez horas após a cirurgia. Resultados: as pacientes do Grupo Suco apresentaram menos dor (3,51x1,59), sede (3,63x0,85), fome (3,86x2,09) e agitação (2,54x0,82) em relação ao Grupo Controle (P<0,05). As variáveis satisfação (6,89x8,68) e bem-estar (5,51x7,12) foram maiores (P<0,05) quando houve a ingestão do líquido contendo carboidrato e proteína (Grupo Suco) em relação à solução inerte (Grupo Controle). Conclusão: a abreviação do jejum pré-operatório com líquido contendo carboidrato e proteína antes de cirurgias ginecológicas reduz sede, fome, dor, agitação e favorece maior satisfação e bem-estar do que a ingestão de solução inerte.
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Liu B, Wang Y, Liu S, Zhao T, Zhao B, Jiang X, Ye L, Zhao L, Lv W, Zhang Y, Zheng T, Xue Y, Chen L, Chen L, Wu Y, Li Z, Yan J, Wang S, Sun X, Gao G, Qu Y, He S. A randomized controlled study of preoperative oral carbohydrate loading versus fasting in patients undergoing elective craniotomy. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:2106-2112. [PMID: 30497695 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative oral carbohydrate loading versus fasting on the outcomes of patients undergoing elective craniotomy. METHODS In a single-center randomized controlled study, 120 neurosurgical patients who were admitted for elective craniotomy were included and randomized into 2 groups: 58 patients received 400 mL of oral carbohydrate loading 2 h before surgery (intervention group), and 62 patients were fasting for 8 h prior to surgery as routine management (control group). The primary end point was glucose homeostasis. Secondary outcomes included handgrip strength, pulmonary function and postoperative complications. RESULTS Better glucose homeostasis (5.6 ± 1.0 mmol/L vs. 6.3 ± 1.2 mmol/L, P = 0.001) was achieved in patients who received preoperative oral carbohydrate loading compared to fasting. Furthermore, patients in the intervention group had better handgrip strength (25.3 ± 7.1 kg vs. 19.9 ± 7.5 kg, P < 0.0001) and pulmonary function (in terms of peak expiratory flow rate) (315.8 ± 91.5 L/min vs. 270.0 ± 102.7 L/min, P = 0.036) compared to the controls postoperatively. The rates of postoperative surgical and non-surgical complications did not differ between the groups. Both postoperative and total hospital length of stay (LOS) reduced significantly in the intervention group (-3d, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Oral carbohydrate loading given 2 h before surgery in patients undergoing elective craniotomy seems to improve glucose homeostasis, handgrip strength and pulmonary function as well as decrease LOS without increasing the risk of postoperative complications. Routine use of preoperative oral carbohydrate loading could be suggested in clinical settings, though further evaluation of its safety and efficacy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tianzhi Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Binfang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Nutrition, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lanfu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenhai Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yufu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yafei Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yingxi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhengmin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Nutrition, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xude Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guodong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shiming He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Bisinotto FMB, Silveira LAMD, Rossi TC, Martins LB, Zago GP, Mendonça MAL. [Comparative ultrasound study of gastric emptying between an isotonic solution and a nutritional supplement]. Rev Bras Anestesiol 2018; 69:115-121. [PMID: 30528849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjan.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Preoperative fasting may lead to undesirable effects in the surgical patient in whom there is a stimulus to ingesting clear liquids until 2hours before anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastric emptying of two different solutions using ultrasound. METHODS In a prospective, randomized, blind study, 34 healthy volunteers ingested 200mL of two solutions without residues in two steps: an isotonic solution with carbohydrates, electrolytes, osmolarity of 292 mOsm.L-1, and 36 kcal; and other nutritional supplementation with carbohydrates, proteins, electrolytes, osmolarity of 680 mO.L-1, and 300 kcal. After 2hours, a gastric ultrasound was performed to assess the antrum area and gastric volume, and the relation of gastric volume to weight (vol.w-1), whose value above 1.5mL.kg-1 was considered a risk for bronchoaspiration. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS There was a significant difference between all parameters evaluated 2hours after the ingestion of nutritional supplementation compared to fasting. The same occurred when the parameters between isotonic solution and nutritional supplementation were compared 2hours after ingestion. Only one patient had vol.w-1 <1.5mL.kg-1 2hours after ingestion of nutritional supplementation; and only one had vol.w-1> 1.5mL.kg-1 after ingestion of isotonic solution. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that gastric emptying of equal volumes of different solutions depends on their constitution. Those with high caloric and high osmolarity, and with proteins present, 2hours after ingestion, increased the gastric volumes, which is compatible with the risk of gastric aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Margarida Barra Bisinotto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Departamento de Anestesiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Departamento de Cirurgia, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - Luciano Alves Matias da Silveira
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Departamento de Cirurgia, Uberaba, MG, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Uberaba, MG, Brasil.
| | - Tiago Caneu Rossi
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Centro de Ensino e Treinamento do Hospital de Clínicas (CET/SBA/HC), Departamento de Anestesiologia, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - Laura Bisinotto Martins
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Centro de Ensino e Treinamento do Hospital de Clínicas (CET/SBA/HC), Departamento de Anestesiologia, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Palis Zago
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Centro de Ensino e Treinamento do Hospital de Clínicas (CET/SBA/HC), Departamento de Anestesiologia, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
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Campos SBG, Barros-Neto JA, Guedes GDS, Moura FA. PRE-OPERATIVE FASTING: WHY ABBREVIATE? ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA : ABCD = BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF DIGESTIVE SURGERY 2018; 31:e1377. [PMID: 29972405 PMCID: PMC6044196 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020180001e1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Considering the practice of preoperative fasting based on observations on the gastric emptying delay after induction and the time of this fast is closely linked to organic response to trauma, arise the question about preoperative fasting period necessary to minimize such response and support the professional with clinical and scientific evidence. AIM To review the aspects related to the abbreviation of preoperative fasting from the metabolic point of view, physiology of gastric emptying, its clinical benefits and the currently recommendations. METHOD Literature review was based on articles and guidelines published in English and Portuguese, without restriction of time until January 2017, in PubMed, SciELO and Cochrane with the descriptors: surgery, preoperative fasting, carbohydrate. From the universe consulted, 31 articles were selected. RESULTS The literature suggests that the abbreviation of fasting with beverage added carbohydrates until 2 h before surgery, can bring benefits on glycemic and functional parameters, reduces hospitalization, and does not present aspiration risk of healthy patients undergoing elective surgery. Another nutrient that has been added to the carbohydrate solution and has shown promising results is glutamine. CONCLUSION The abbreviation of preoperative fasting with enriched beverage with carbohydrates or carbohydrate and glutamine seems to be effective in the care of the surgical patient, optimizing the recovery from of postoperative period.
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Hosny H, Ibrahim M, El-Siory W, Abdel-Monem A. Comparative Study Between Conventional Fasting Versus Overnight Infusion of Lipid or Carbohydrate on Insulin and Free Fatty Acids in Obese Patients Undergoing Elective On-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. A Prospective Randomized Trial. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018; 32:1248-1253. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gomes PC, Caporossi C, Aguilar-Nascimento JE, Silva AMCD, Araujo VMTD. Residual gastric volume evaluation with ultrasonography after ingestion of carbohydrate- or carbohydrate plus glutamine-enriched beverages: a randomized, crossover clinical trial with healthy volunteers. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2017; 54:33-36. [PMID: 28079236 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.2017v54n1-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND - Abbreviation of preoperative fasting to 2 hours with maltodextrin (CHO)-enriched beverage is a safe procedure and may enhance postoperative recovery. Addition of glutamine (GLN) to CHO beverages may include potential benefits to the metabolism. However, by adding a nitrogenous source to CHO beverages, gastric emptying may be delayed and increase the risk of bronchoaspiration during anesthesia. OBJECTIVE - In this study of safety, we aimed at investigating the residual gastric volume (RGV) 2 hours after the intake of either CHO beverage alone or CHO beverage combined with GLN. METHODS - We performed a randomized, crossover clinical trial. We assessed RGV by means of abdominal ultrasonography (US) in 20 healthy volunteers (10 males and 10 females) after an overnight fast of 8 hours. Then, they were randomized to receive 600 mL (400 mL immediately after US followed by another 200 mL 2 hours afterwards) of either CHO (12.5% maltodextrin) or CHO-GLN (12.5% maltodextrin plus 15 g GLN). Two sequential US evaluations were done at 120 and 180 minutes after ingestion of the second dose. The interval of time between ingestion of the two types of beverages was 2 weeks. RESULTS - The mean (SD) RGV observed after 8 hours fasting (13.56±13.25 mL) did not statistically differ (P>0.05) from the RGV observed after ingesting CHO beverage at both 120 (16.32±11.78 mL) and 180 minutes (14.60±10.39 mL). The RGV obtained at 120 (15.63±18.83 mL) and 180 (13.65±10.27 mL) minutes after CHO-GLN beverage also was not significantly different from the fasting condition. CONCLUSION - The RGV at 120 and 180 minutes after ingestion of CHO beverage combined with GLN is similar to that observed after an overnight fast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Cesar Gomes
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, MT, Brasil
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Predisposing factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting in gynecologic tumor patients. Support Care Cancer 2016; 24:4661-7. [PMID: 27306213 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-016-3311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the predictors of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in women with gynecologic tumor. METHODS The analysis was based on prospectively collected data of 82 adult patients with gynecologic tumor, who were submitted to open surgical treatment and undergoing general anesthesia. The predictors included were age ≥50 years, non-smoker, use of postoperative opioids, mechanical bowel preparation, intraoperative intravenous hydration (IH) ≥10 mL/kg/h, and IH in the immediate postoperative, first and second postoperative days (PO1 and PO2) ≥30 mL/kg. A score with predictor variables was built. A multiple logistic regression was fitted. To estimate the discriminating power of the chosen model, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated. Statistical significance was set at p value <0.05 and the confidence interval at 95 %. RESULTS The incidence (%) of nausea, vomiting and both, in the general population, was 36.6, 28.1, 22.0, respectively. The highest incidences of PONV were found in non-smokers and in patients who received >30 mL/kg of IH in the PO2. The results of the adjusted model showed an increased risk of PONV for each 1-point increase in the score punctuation. The relative risk was higher than 2.0 for vomiting in all period and in the PO1. The ROC curve showed great discrimination of postoperative nausea and vomiting from the proposed score (AUC >0.75). CONCLUSIONS The study population was at high risk of PONV. Therefore, institutional guidelines abolishing modificable variables following temporal evaluation of the effectiveness should be undertaken.
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Spitz D, Chaves GV, Peres WAF. Impact of perioperative care on the post-operative recovery of women undergoing surgery for gynaecological tumours. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2016; 26. [PMID: 27112331 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To assess perioperative care in patients undergoing abdominal surgery for gynaecological tumours and how it relates to post-operative (PO) complications and oral PO feeding. Ninety-one women undergoing major abdominal surgery for gynaecological tumours were enrolled. Data included mechanical bowel preparation (MBP), prescribed diet, length of fast, start date of oral diet and progression of food consistency, anaesthetic technique, use of opioids and intravenous hydration (IH). Outcomes evaluated were nausea, vomiting and abdominal distension. The median pre-operative length of fast was 11.4 h. PO digestive complications occurred in 46.2% of the patients. Median intraoperative total IH and crystalloids were significantly higher in patients with abdominal distension during the first and second PO day. MBP with mannitol implied greater intraoperative IH and was significantly associated with a higher incidence of immediate PO nausea. Post-operative IH was also associated with gastrointestinal complications. The best cut-off point for the cumulative fluid load PO for determining a longer PO hospital stay was 4 L. Performing MBP before surgery and excessive IH are factors related to major digestive complications in our study population. Changes in pre-operative fasting time and PO refeeding should be considered to reduce the gastrointestinal complications and PO recovery time.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Spitz
- University Center of Cancer Control, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G V Chaves
- National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - W A F Peres
- Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Multimodal perioperative care plus immunonutrition versus traditional care in total hip arthroplasty: a randomized pilot study. Nutr J 2016; 15:34. [PMID: 27038614 PMCID: PMC4818928 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multimodal protocols of perioperative care may enhance postoperative recovery. However, limited information is available on preoperative immune and carbohydrate (CHO)-enriched drinks in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty. We aimed to investigate the effect of a multimodal protocol (ACERTO protocol) plus preoperative immune nutrition on the length of stay (LOS) and the postoperative acute phase response of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Methods Thirty-two patients (mean age, 58 years; range, 26–85 years; 16 males) were randomized to receive either the ACERTO protocol (n = 15, ACERTO Group), which consisted of 6 h preoperative fasting for solids, an oral drink (200 mL of 12.5 % maltodextrin) up to 2 h before induction of anesthesia, restricted intravenous fluids (only 1000 mL of crystalloid fluid after surgery) and preoperative immune nutrition (600 mL/day of Impact - Nestlé, Brazil) for five days prior to surgery, or traditional care (n = 17; control group), which consisted of 6–8 h preoperative fasting, intravenous hydration until the 1st postoperative day and no preoperative immune supplementation. The main endpoint was LOS. C-reactive protein (CRP) was the secondary endpoint and was assessed during induction of anesthesia and on postoperative day 2. Results Neither deaths nor postoperative complications occurred. The median LOS was 3 (2–5) days in the ACERTO group and 6 (3–8) days in controls (P <0.01). Postoperative CRP was higher in the control group (P <0.01). Conclusion The ACERTO multimodal protocol of perioperative care plus preoperative immune nutrition may decrease LOS and postoperative CRP levels in total hip arthroplasty. Trial registration Clinical Trials: NCT02580214
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Francisco SC, Batista ST, Pena GDG. FASTING IN ELECTIVE SURGICAL PATIENTS: COMPARISON AMONG THE TIME PRESCRIBED, PERFORMED AND RECOMMENDED ON PERIOPERATIVE CARE PROTOCOLS. ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA : ABCD = BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF DIGESTIVE SURGERY 2015; 28:250-4. [PMID: 26734794 PMCID: PMC4755176 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-6720201500040008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged preoperative fasting may impair nutritional status of the patient and their recovery. In contrast, some studies show that fasting abbreviation can improve the response to trauma and decrease the length of hospital stay. AIM Investigate whether the prescribed perioperative fasting time and practiced by patients is in compliance with current multimodal protocols and identify the main factors associated. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 65 patients undergoing elective surgery of the digestive tract or abdominal wall. We investigated the fasting time in the perioperative period, hunger and thirst reports, physical status, diabetes diagnosis, type of surgery and anesthesia. RESULTS The patients were between 19 and 87 years, mostly female (73.8%). The most performed procedure was cholecystectomy (47.69%) and general anesthesia the most used (89.23%). The most common approach was to start fasting from midnight for liquids and solids, and most of the patients received grade II (64.6%) to the physical state. The real fasting average time was 16 h (9.5-41.58) was higher than prescribed (11 h, 6.58 -26.75). The patients submitted to surgery in the afternoon were in more fasting time than those who did in the morning (p<0.001). The intensity of hunger and thirst increased in postoperative fasting period (p=0.010 and 0.027). The average period of postoperative fasting was 18.25 h (3.33-91.83) and only 23.07% restarted feeding on the same day. CONCLUSION Patients were fasted for prolonged time, higher even than the prescribed time and intensity of the signs of discomfort such as hunger and thirst increased over time. To better recovery and the patient's well-being, it is necessary to establish a preoperative fasting abbreviation protocol.
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Zani FVB, Aguilar-Nascimento JE, Nascimento DBD, Silva AMCD, Caporossi FS, Caporossi C. Benefits of maltodextrin intake 2 hours before cholecystectomy by laparotomy in respiratory function and functional capacity: a prospective randomized clinical trial. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2015; 13:249-54. [PMID: 26154547 PMCID: PMC4943818 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082015ao3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the change in respiratory function and functional capacity according to the type of preoperative fasting. METHODS Randomized prospective clinical trial, with 92 female patients undergoing cholecystectomy by laparotomy with conventional or 2 hours shortened fasting. The variables measured were the peak expiratory flow, forced expiratory volume in the first second, forced vital capacity, dominant handgrip strength, and non-dominant handgrip strength. Evaluations were performed 2 hours before induction of anesthesia and 24 hours after the operation. RESULTS The two groups were similar in preoperative evaluations regarding demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as for all variables. However, postoperatively the group with shortened fasting had higher values than the group with conventional fasting for lung function tests peak expiratory flow (128.7±62.5 versus 115.7±59.9; p=0.040), forced expiratory volume in the first second (1.5±0.6 versus 1.2±0.5; p=0.040), forced vital capacity (2.3±1.1 versus 1.8±0.9; p=0.021), and for muscle function tests dominant handgrip strength (24.9±6.8 versus 18.4±7.7; p=0.001) and non-dominant handgrip strength (22.9±6.3 versus 17.0±7.8; p=0.0002). In the intragroup evaluation, there was a decrease in preoperative compared with postoperative values, except for dominant handgrip strength (25.2±6.7 versus 24.9±6.8; p=0.692), in the shortened fasting group. CONCLUSION Abbreviation of preoperative fasting time with ingestion of maltodextrin solution is beneficial to pulmonary function and preserves dominant handgrip strength.
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Brianez LR, Caporossi C, de Moura YW, Dias LA, Leal RV, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE. Gastric residual volume by magnetic ressonance after intake of maltodextrin and glutamine: a randomized double-blind, crossover study. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2015; 51:123-7. [PMID: 25003264 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032014000200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The addition of glutamine in preoperative drinks may enhance the benefits of carbohydrate alone. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the gastric residual volume after the intake of a beverage containing carbohydrate plus glutamine. METHODS Eleven healthy volunteers (24-30 years-old) were randomized in a crossover fashion to intake 400 mL (4h before) and 200 mL (2h before) of a beverage containing either 12.5% maltodextrin (carbohydrate group) or 12.5% maltodextrin plus 15 g of glutamine (glutamine group) in two different moments 7 days apart. Magnetic ressonance was performed to measure the gastric residual volume (mL) 120 and 180 minutes after the last ingestion. RESULTS Gastric residual volume similar to basal condition was found after 2h and 3h of the intake of beverages. There was no difference in the mean ±SD GRV (mL) found at 120 minutes (carbohydrate group: 22.9±16.6 and glutamine group: 19.7±10.7) and at 180 minutes (carbohydrate group: 21.5±24.1 and glutamine group: 15.1±10.1) between the two drinks. CONCLUSIONS Gastric emptying is efficient, and occurs in up to two hours after the intake of a beverage containing either carbohydrate alone or carbohydrate associated with glutamine. The addition of glutamine to carbohydrate-enriched drink seems to be safe for the use up to 2h before an operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi R Brianez
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Cervantes Caporossi
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Yure W de Moura
- Instituto de Diagnósticos em Medicina, Hospital Santa Rosa, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Lorena A Dias
- Instituto de Diagnósticos em Medicina, Hospital Santa Rosa, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Regis V Leal
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
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Wang S, Wang X, Dai H, Han J, Li N, Li J. The effect of intraoperative fluid volume administration on pancreatic fistulas after pancreaticoduodenectomy. J INVEST SURG 2014; 27:88-94. [PMID: 24665844 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2013.839766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluid therapy may be one of the most controversial topics in perioperative management. However, data concerning the influence of perioperative fluid administration on complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy are sparse. METHODS A group of 147 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for benign or malignant pathology of the pancreas or the periampullary region between 2005 and 2009. Clinical data, overall morbidity, and long-term outcomes were recorded. RESULTS We categorized the patients into two groups according to intraoperative fluid volume administration: a low fluid volume group (LFVG, <8.2 ml kg(-1) hr(-1), n = 90) group, and a high fluid volume group (HFVG, ≥8.2 ml kg(-1) hr(-1), n = 57). In terms of colloid administration, the high fluid volume group received significantly more colloid both during the intraoperative period and 0-12 hr after surgery (p < .001 and p < .007, respectively). Pancreatic fistula rates were significantly greater in the high fluid volume group (p = .035). However, the long-term survival rate was not different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS High intraoperative fluid volume administration is associated with an increased incidence of pancreatic fistulas after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhen Wang
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital Nanjing 210002 China
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Pimenta GP, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE. Prolonged Preoperative Fasting in Elective Surgical Patients. Nutr Clin Pract 2013; 29:22-8. [DOI: 10.1177/0884533613514277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Pexe-Machado PA, de Oliveira BD, Dock-Nascimento DB, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE. Shrinking preoperative fast time with maltodextrin and protein hydrolysate in gastrointestinal resections due to cancer. Nutrition 2013; 29:1054-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Reducing preoperative fasting in elective adult surgical patients: a case-control study. Ir J Med Sci 2011; 181:99-104. [PMID: 21959951 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-011-0765-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The practice of fasting from midnight prior to surgery is an outdated one. AIMS The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an evidence-based protocol for reduced preoperative fasting on fasting times, patient safety, and comfort. METHODS A non-randomised case-control study of preoperative fasting times among adult surgical patients undergoing elective procedures was conducted. Consecutive patients were allocated to a reduced preoperative fasting protocol allowing fluids and solids up to 2 and 6 h prior to anaesthesia, respectively (n = 21). These were compared to control patients identified from an historic study of preoperative fasting times who followed the traditional fast from midnight (n = 29). Fasting times and details of patients' subjective comfort were collected using an interview-assisted questionnaire. Incidence of intraoperative aspirations was obtained from anaesthetic records. RESULTS Significant reductions in fasting times for fluids (p = 0.000) and solids (p = 0.000) were achieved following implementation of the fasting protocol. Less preoperative thirst (0.000), headache (0.012) and nausea (0.015) were reported by those who had a shorter fast. Intraoperative aspiration did not occur in either group. CONCLUSION Implementation of this protocol for reduced preoperative fasting achieved an appreciable reduction in fasting times and enhanced patient comfort. Patient safety was not compromised. Further modifications of our protocols are necessary to meet the international best practice. We recommend its implementation across all surgical groups in our institution.
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Bicudo-Salomão A, Meireles MB, Caporossi C, Crotti PLR, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE. Impact of the ACERTO project in the postoperative morbi-mortality in a university hospital. Rev Col Bras Cir 2011; 38:3-10. [PMID: 21537736 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-69912011000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the postoperative outcomes of patients in the Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Julio Muller, before and after implementation of the ACERTO multimodal protocol. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study from 5974 patients' charts. We compared two periods: from January 2002 to December 2004 (before implementation of the ACERTO protocol: AA period, n = 1987) and January 2005 to December 2008 (after implementation of the protocol: DA period, n = 3987). The variables studied were length of hospital stay, blood transfusions, surgical site infections (SSI), postoperative complications and deaths. RESULTS There was a decrease in one day in length of stay between the AA and DA period (median [range]: 4 [0-137] vs 3. [0-126] days and mode: 3 vs. 2 days, p < 0.001). During AA there was a relationship of 2.53 packs of blood products transfused per patient against 0.77 in the DA period (p <0.001). A downward trend in the number of cases of SSI was noticeable over the years (A =-153.08; AA: 7.51% vs. DA: 3.36% (p <0.001, RR = 2.23, 95 % CI:1.73-2.89). There was also a decreasing trend in operative complications (A =- 51.41, AA: 7.9% vs. DA: 6.14%, p = 0.02, RR = 1.29, 95% CI:1.03-1.60), reoperation (A =- 57.10; AA: 2.65%. vs DA: 1.19%, p <0.001, RR = 2, 22, 95% CI: 1.43 to 3.44) and deaths (A =- 62.07, 2.81 vs. 1%, 73%, p <0.01, RR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.31). CONCLUSION The introduction of the ACERTO protocol improved the surgical results, expressed as a shorter hospital stay, blood transfusion, and reduction in cases of surgical site infection, postoperative complications and deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bicudo-Salomão
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT)-MT-BR
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Aguilar-Nascimento JED, Salomão AB, Caporossi C, Diniz BN. Clinical benefits after the implementation of a multimodal perioperative protocol in elderly patients. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2010; 47:178-83. [PMID: 20721464 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032010000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Multimodal protocol of perioperative care may enhance recovery after surgery. Based on evidence these new routines of perioperative care changed conventional prescriptions in surgery. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the results of a multimodal protocol (ACERTO protocol) in elderly patients. METHODS Non-randomized historical cohort study was performed at the surgical ward of a tertiary university hospital. One hundred seventeen patients aged 60 and older were submitted to elective abdominal operations under either conventional (n = 42; conventional group, January 2004-June 2005) or a fast-track perioperative protocol named ACERTO (n = 75; ACERTO group, July 2005-December 2007). Main endpoints were preoperative fasting time, postoperative day of re-feeding, volume of intravenous fluids, length of hospital stay and morbidity. RESULTS The implantation of the ACERTO protocol was followed by a decrease in both preoperative fasting (15 [8-20] vs 4 [2-20] hours, P<0.001) and postoperative day of refeeding (1st [1st-10th] vs 0 [0-5th] PO day; P<0.01), and intravenous fluids (10.7 [2.5-57.5] vs 2.5 [0.5-82] L, P<0.001). The changing of protocols reduced the mean length of hospital stay by 4 days (6[1-43] vs 2[1-97] days; P = 0.002) and surgical site infection rate by 85.7% (19%; 8/42 vs 2.7%; 2/75, P<0.001; relative risk = 1.20; 95% confidence interval = 1.03-1.39). Per-protocol analysis showed that hospital stay in major operations diminished only in patients who completed the protocol (P<0.01). CONCLUSION The implementation of multidisciplinary routines of the ACERTO protocol diminished both hospitalization and surgical site infection in elderly patients submitted to abdominal operations.
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de Aguilar-Nascimento JE, Dock-Nascimento DB. Reducing preoperative fasting time: A trend based on evidence. World J Gastrointest Surg 2010; 2:57-60. [PMID: 21160851 PMCID: PMC2999216 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v2.i3.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preoperative fasting is mandatory before anesthesia to reduce the risk of aspiration. However, the prescribed 6-8 h of fasting is usually prolonged to 12-16 h for various reasons. Prolonged fasting triggers a metabolic response that precipitates gluconeogenesis and increases the organic response to trauma. Various randomized trials and meta-analyses have consistently shown that is safe to reduce the preoperative fasting time with a carbohydrate-rich drink up to 2 h before surgery. Benefits related to this shorter preoperative fasting include the reduction of postoperative gastrointestinal discomfort and insulin resistance. New formulas containing amino acids such as glutamine and other peptides are being studied and are promising candidates to be used to reduce preoperative fasting time.
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Oliveira KGBD, Balsan M, Oliveira SDS, Aguilar-Nascimento JE. [Does abbreviation of preoperative fasting to two hours with carbohydrates increase the anesthetic risk?]. Rev Bras Anestesiol 2010; 59:577-84. [PMID: 19784513 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-7094(09)70082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of possible anesthetic complications related with the abbreviation of preoperative fasting to two hours with a solution of 12.5% dextrinomaltose within the ACERTO (from the Portuguese for Acceleration of Total Postoperative Recovery) project. METHODS All patients undergoing different types of digestive tract and abdominal wall surgeries within a new protocol of perioperative conducts, established by the ACERTO project, between August 2005 and December 2007 were evaluated. All patients received oral nutritional supplementation (12.5% dextrinomaltose) six and two hours before the procedure. Data were collected prospectively without the knowledge of the professionals in the department. The length of preoperative fasting and anesthetic complications related with the short fasting time (pulmonary aspiration) were recorded. RESULTS Three hundred and seventy five patients, 174 male (46.4%) and 201 female (53.6%), ages 18 to 90 years, were evaluated. The mean preoperative fasting time was four hours, ranging from two to 20 hours. Pulmonary aspiration was not observed during the procedures. The length of fasting was longer (p < 0.01) when combined anesthesia (blockade + general) was used. CONCLUSIONS Adopting the multidisciplinary preoperative measures of the ACERTO project was not associated with any preoperative fasting-associated complications. Dextrinomaltose is a useful and safe nutritional supplement for the patient.
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Aguilar-Nascimento JED, Diniz BN, Neves JDS. Diferença entre volume de fluidos cristaloides intravenosos prescritos e infundidos em pacientes no pós-operatório precoce. Rev Col Bras Cir 2010; 37:6-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-69912010000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi auditar a real quantidade de fluídos cristalóides infundidos por via intravenosa em pacientes submetidos a operações abdominais de grande porte num hospital universitário. MÉTODOS: Computou-se a carga hídrica total (CHT) de fluidos cristalóides intravenosos infundida diariamente do 1º ao 4º dia de PO em 31 pacientes submetidos à operações de grande porte. Comparou-se a CHT com a carga hídrica prescrita (CHP) pelo médico. A CHT foi definida como a somatória da CHP acrescida de diluentes e medicações intravenosas. O protocolo do serviço recomendava a hidratação venosa no peri-operatório entre 30 e 50 mL/Kg/dia em pacientes com prescrição de jejum oral. A comparação entre CHT e CHP foi realizada em todos os dias de pós-operatório pelo teste t pareado. Estabeleceu-se em 5% o nível de significância estatística. RESULTADOS: A CHT infundida do 1º ao 4ºdia de pós-operatório foi de 12,8 (6,4-17,5) L. Desse total, 9,5 litros (74,3%) corresponderam a CHP e 3,3 L (25,7%) a diluentes e medicações venosas. Em todos os dias de pós-operatório a CHT foi significativamente maior que a CHP (p<0.001). Até o 3º dia de PO os pacientes receberam uma CHT superior a 50 mL/kg/dia. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a prescrição médica não contém o real volume de fluidos cristalóides intravenosos infundido. O volume de diluentes e medicações intravenosas pode chegar a 25% da carga hídrica prescrita.
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Aguilar-Nascimento JED, Bicudo-Salomão A, Caporossi C, Silva RDM, Cardoso EA, Santos TP, Diniz BN, Hartmann AA. Abordagem multimodal em cirurgia colorretal sem preparo mecânico de cólon. Rev Col Bras Cir 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-69912009000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados pós-operatórios de um protocolo multimodal de cuidados peri-operatórios sem preparo mecânico de cólon (protocolo ACERTO) em pacientes submetidos a operações colorretais. METODOS: Foram avaliados prospectivamente 53 pacientes (37M e 16F; 57 [18-82] anos) submetidos à diversas operações colorretais com pelo menos uma anastomose divididos em dois grupos. O primeiro grupo (n=25) foi operado entre Janeiro de 2004 e Julho de 2005 com protocolo convencional incluindo preparo mecânico de cólon. O segundo grupo (n=28) foi operado entre agosto de 2005 e junho de 2008, após a implantação do protocolo ACERTO e sem preparo de cólon. Comparou-se estatisticamente a incidência de complicações, a duração da hospitalização e a mortalidade em ambos os grupos. RESULTADOS: Dois (3,8%) pacientes faleceram no pós-operatório, um em cada grupo. Pacientes do grupo ACERTO tiveram jejum pré-operatório abreviado, receberam menos fluido intravenoso e re-alimentaram mais cedo que o grupo convencional (p<0.05). Não houve diferença na morbidade pós-operatória (36% vs. 28,6%; p=0,56) com incidência de fístula anastomótica semelhante (12 vs. 10,7%; p=1,00). O número de complicações por paciente foi menor no grupo ACERTO (p=0.01). O tempo de internação do grupo ACERTO, operado sem preparo de cólon foi abreviado em 4,5 dias (12 [4-43] dias vs 7,5 [3-47] dias, p = 0,04). CONCLUSÃO: As rotinas do protocolo ACERTO são seguras e melhoram resultados em cirurgia colorretal por diminuir gravidade de complicações e o tempo de internação.
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Preoperative Fasting of 2 Hours Minimizes Insulin Resistance and Organic Response to Trauma After Video-Cholecystectomy: A Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial. World J Surg 2009; 33:1158-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00268-009-0010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Clinical benefits after the implementation of a protocol of restricted perioperative intravenous crystalloid fluids in major abdominal operations. World J Surg 2009; 33:925-30. [PMID: 19234737 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-009-9944-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative fluid replacement is a challenging issue in surgical care. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of two different perioperative hydration protocols on the outcome in patients undergoing major abdominal operations. METHODS This was a prospective study involving 61 patients (42 men/19 women; mean age: 52 years; age range: 18-81 years) who underwent major abdominal operations. The study had two distinct phases: before (conventional group; administered 30-50 ml/kg per day of crystalloid fluids; n = 33) and after the implementation of a protocol of restricted use of intravenous fluids (restricted group; administered less than 30 ml/kg per day of crystalloid fluids; n = 28). The total volume of intravenous crystalloid fluids infused was recorded until postoperative day (POD) 4. Morbidity, mortality, and the length of postoperative hospital stay were the main clinical variables. RESULTS Mortality was 4.9% (p > 0.05 between groups). Intravenous therapy in the restricted group was terminated earlier (p < 0.001) and the patients received 2.4 l less crystalloid fluid than did those in the conventional group from POD 1 through POD 4 (p < 0.001). The adoption of the restricted protocol shortened the postoperative hospital stay by 2 days (p = 0.02) and diminished the morbidity by 25% (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Restriction of perioperative intravenous crystalloid fluid is associated with reductions in morbidity and length of postoperative hospital stay after major abdominal operations.
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