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Warjri CD, Kshetriya D, Ghosh S. Seasonal variation of heavy metals in water and Cyprinus carpio L. from Umiam Lake reservoir of Meghalaya, India: Potential health risk assessment for human consumption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33778-w. [PMID: 38833047 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33778-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the seasonal variation of heavy metal concentration in water and fish tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) from the Umiam Lake reservoir located in the Ri bhoi district of Meghalaya, India, and to elucidate the possible human health risk of ingesting fish captured from the contaminated lake. Results show significant (p < 0.05) seasonal differences of heavy metal concentrations in the water and different tissues of fish Cyprinus carpio L.. The total concentration of heavy metals in the water exceeds the WHO and BIS standards and thus poses a significant threat to the aquatic flora and fauna of the reservoir. The heavy metal concentrations in fish tissues were tissue-dependent, where the average concentration of heavy metals in all the tissues of Cyprinus carpio L. was in the order of Cr > Pb > Cu > Cd. In addition, the health risk assessment suggests that the heavy metals in the fish muscle from the Umiam Lake reservoir might have adverse effects on human. Therefore, the overall results of the study provide an understanding on the seasonal distribution of heavy metals in water, provide insight on their bioaccumulation in the fish tissues, and highlights the potential health risk for the local population of long-term fish consumption from Umiam Lake reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Donkupar Warjri
- Department of Zoology, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India
| | - Diwakar Kshetriya
- Department of Zoology, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India
| | - Srimoyee Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India.
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2
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Sun B, Li J, Hu C, Giesy JP, Lam PKS, Chen L. Toxicity of perfluorobutanesulfonate on gill functions of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma): A time course and hypoxia co-exposure study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162297. [PMID: 36801345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) is found in hypoxia regions. Results of previous studies have shown that hypoxia was capable of altering the inherent toxicity of PFBS. However, regarding gill functions, hypoxic influences and time course progression of toxic effects of PFBS remain unclear. In this study, with the aim to reveal the interaction behavior between PFBS and hypoxia, adult marine medaka Oryzias melastigma were exposed for 7 days to 0 or 10 μg PFBS/L under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Subsequently, to explore the time-course transition in gill toxicity, medaka were exposed to PFBS for 21 days. The results showed that hypoxia dramatically increased the respiratory rate of medaka gill, which was further enhanced by exposure to PFBS; although exposure to PFBS under normoxic conditions for 7 days did not alter respiration, exposure to PFBS for 21 days significantly accelerated the respiration rate of female medaka. Concurrently, both hypoxia and PFBS were potent to interrupt the gene transcriptions and Na+, K+-ATPase enzymatic activity that play pivotal roles in the osmoregulation in gills of marine medaka, consequently disrupting homeostasis of major ions in blood, such as Na+, Cl-, and Ca2+. In addition, composition and diversity of the microbiome residing on surfaces of the gill were profiled by using amplicon sequencing. Acute exposure to hypoxia for only 7 days caused a significant decrease in diversity of the bacterial community of gill whatever the presence of PFBS, while PFBS exposure for 21 days increased the diversity of gill microbial community. Principal component analysis revealed that, compared with PFBS, hypoxia was the predominant driver of gill microbiome dysbiosis. Depending on duration of exposure, a divergence was caused in the microbial community of gill. Overall, the current findings underline the interaction between hypoxia and PFBS on gill function and demonstrate the temporal variation in PFBS toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baili Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Paul K S Lam
- Office of the President, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, 30 Good Shepherd Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Peruzza L, Thatje S, Hauton C. Acclimation to cyclic hypoxia improves thermal tolerance and copper survival in the caridean shrimp Palaemon varians. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 259:111010. [PMID: 34102295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In response to the continuous variation of environmental parameters, species must be able to adjust their physiology to overcome stressful conditions, a process known as acclimatization. Numerous laboratory studies have been conducted to understand and describe the mechanisms of acclimation to one environmental stressor (e.g. cyclic hypoxia), but currently our understanding of how acclimation to one stressor can change tolerance to a subsequent stressor is limited. Here, in two different experiments, we used the shrimp Palaemon varians to test how, following 28-days acclimation to cyclic hypoxia (mimicking a cyclic hypoxic regime currently found in its natural habitat), critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and sensitivity to copper (Cu2+) exposure (30 mgL-1) changed in comparison to shrimp acclimated to normoxic conditions and then exposed to thermal stress or Cu2+. Acclimation to cyclic hypoxia improved both CTmax (~1 °C higher than controls) and survival to acute Cu2+ exposure (~30% higher than controls) and induced significant gene expression changes (i.e. up-regulation of heat shock protein 70 - HSP70, hypoxia inducible factor - HIF, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase - PEPCK, glucose 6-P transporter - G6Pt, metallothionein - Mt, and down-regulation of hemocyanin - Hem) in animals acclimated to cyclic hypoxia. Our results demonstrate how acclimation to cyclic hypoxia improved tolerance to subsequent stressors, highlighting the complexity of predicting organismal performance in variable (i.e. where multiple parameters can simultaneously change during the day) environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Peruzza
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.
| | - Sven Thatje
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Chris Hauton
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
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4
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Pillet M, Castaldo G, Rodgers EM, Poleksić V, Rašković B, Bervoets L, Blust R, De Boeck G. Physiological performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L., 1758) exposed to a sublethal copper/zinc/cadmium mixture. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 242:108954. [PMID: 33333321 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In a natural ecosystem, fish are subjected to a multitude of variable environmental factors. It is important to analyze the impact of combined factors to obtain a realistic understanding of the mixed stress occurring in nature. In this study, the physiological performance of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed for one week to an environmentally relevant metal mixture (4.8 μg/L of copper; 2.9 μg/L of cadmium and 206.8 μg/L of zinc) and to two temperatures (10 °C and 20 °C), were evaluated. After 1, 3 and 7 days, standard (SMR) and maximum metabolic rate (MMR) were measured and aerobic scope (AS) was calculated. In addition, hematocrit, muscle lactate, histology of the gills and metal accumulation in gills were measured. While SMR, MMR and AS were elevated at the higher temperature, the metal mixture did not have a strong effect on these parameters. At 20 °C, SMR transiently increased, but no significant changes were observed for MMR and AS. During metal exposure, hematocrit levels were elevated in the 20 °C group. The bioaccumulation of Cd in the gills reflected the increased metabolic rate at the higher temperature, with more accumulation at 20 °C than at 10 °C. Anaerobic metabolism was not increased, which corresponds with the lack of significant histopathological damage in the gill tissue. These results show that common carp handled these metal exposures well, although increased temperature led to higher Cd accumulation and necessitated increased hematocrit levels to maintain aerobic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pillet
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - G Castaldo
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - E M Rodgers
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - V Poleksić
- Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Zemun, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - B Rašković
- Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Zemun, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - L Bervoets
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - G De Boeck
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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Kakade A, Salama ES, Pengya F, Liu P, Li X. Long-term exposure of high concentration heavy metals induced toxicity, fatality, and gut microbial dysbiosis in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115293. [PMID: 32781213 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) in an aquatic environment mainly affects fish, and thus, fish are convenient pollution bio-indicators. In this study, the toxic effects of HM mixture (chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu)) in 0 mg/L to 3.2 mg/L concentration range was investigated in Cyprinus carpio (28 days). HM accumulation, histopathology, oxidative stress, and gut microbial changes were evaluated. HMs accumulated in the order of Cr > Cu > Cd, primarily in the kidneys and finally scales. Reactive oxygen species generation increased in all exposure groups up to day 14, with maximum generation at 3.2 mg/L mixture, which later decreased on day 28 in all. Malondialdehydeand and superoxide dismutase levels increased from day 7 to 28 with increased HM concentrations, while total protein showed an inverse trend. Gill histopathology showed major changes such as uplifted and disintegrated primary lamella, and secondary lamella shortening. The kidneys were characterized by glomerular necrosis, Bowman's capsule expansion, and tubular space dilatation. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes abundance increased up to 59.4% and 99.16% in 0.8 mg/L and 3.2 mg/L treatment groups, respectively. This study provided a better understanding on the physiology and gut microbiota alteration in C. carpio under multiple HM stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Kakade
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - El-Sayed Salama
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
| | - Feng Pengya
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Pu Liu
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
| | - Xiangkai Li
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
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Kulesza A, Leonard EM, McClelland GB. Influence of 96h sub-lethal copper exposure on aerobic scope and recovery from exhaustive exercise in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 218:105373. [PMID: 31786386 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Production of industrial effluents have led to increased copper (Cu) pollution of aquatic ecosystems, impacting the physiology of aquatic vertebrates. Past work has shown that Cu exerts its toxicity by disruption ion regulation and/ or increasing oxidative stress. However, it remains unclear how Cu may influence aerobic metabolism and hypoxia tolerance, two possible targets of its toxicity. To address this issue, we exposed freshwater acclimated killifish (F. heteroclitus) to a 96 h Cu exposure at a target concentration of 100 μg L-1. We determined resting oxygen consumption (ṀO2), ṀO2max after exhaustive exercise, and followed ṀO2 for 3 h in post-exercise recovery in water with either no Cu or 100 μg L-1 Cu. We assessed hypoxia tolerance by determining the critical oxygen tension (Pcrit). It was found that killifish exposed to combined 96 h Cu exposure and Cu present during metabolic measurements, showed a significant decrease in ṀO2max and in aerobic scope (ṀO2max - ṀO2rest), compared to control fish. However, changes in blood and muscle lactate and muscle glycogen were not consistent with an upregulation of anaerobic metabolism as compensation for reduced aerobic performance in Cu exposed fish. Hypoxia tolerance was not influenced by the 96 h Cu exposure or by presence or absence of Cu during the Pcrit test. This study suggests that Cu differentially influences responses to changes in oxygen demand and oxygen availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adomas Kulesza
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Erin M Leonard
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Grant B McClelland
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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7
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Rodgers EM, De Boeck G. Nitrite-induced reductions in heat tolerance are independent of aerobic scope in a freshwater teleost. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.212035. [PMID: 31704898 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.212035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitrite is a widespread form of pollution that directly lowers the blood oxygen carrying capacity of aquatically respiring species. It is unknown if this impairment of oxygen transport translates into an increased susceptibility to elevated temperatures. We hypothesised that nitrite exposure would lower blood oxygen carrying capacity and decrease both aerobic scope (maximum-standard metabolic rate) and heat tolerance. To test these hypotheses, juvenile European carp (Cyprinus carpio) were exposed to two levels of nitrite (0 mmol l-1 or 1 mmol l-1) for 7 days and haematological parameters, critical thermal maxima (CTmax) and aerobic scope were assessed. Nitrite exposure reduced total haemoglobin by 32.9%. Aerobic scope remained unchanged in fish exposed to nitrite; however, marked declines in CTmax (1.2°C reduction) were observed in nitrite-exposed fish. These findings demonstrate that nitrite exposure can significantly impair heat tolerance, even when aerobic capacity is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essie M Rodgers
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Gudrun De Boeck
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
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Fitzgerald JA, Urbina MG, Rogers NJ, Bury NR, Katsiadaki I, Wilson RW, Santos EM. Sublethal exposure to copper supresses the ability to acclimate to hypoxia in a model fish species. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 217:105325. [PMID: 31711009 PMCID: PMC6891231 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the major threats to biodiversity in aquatic systems. The association of hypoxia with nutrient-rich effluent input into aquatic systems results in scenarios where hypoxic waters could be contaminated with a wide range of chemicals, including metals. Despite this, little is known about the ability of fish to respond to hypoxia when exposures occur in the presence of environmental toxicants. We address this knowledge gap by investigating the effects of exposures to different levels of oxygen in the presence or absence of copper using the three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) model. Fish were exposed to different air saturations (AS; 100%, 75% and 50%) in combination with copper (20 μg/L) over a 4 day period. The critical oxygen level (Pcrit), an indicator of acute hypoxia tolerance, was 54.64 ± 2.51% AS under control conditions, and 36.21 ± 2.14% when fish were chronically exposed to hypoxia (50% AS) for 4 days, revealing the ability of fish to acclimate to low oxygen conditions. Importantly, the additional exposure to copper (20 μg/L) prevented this improvement in Pcrit, impairing hypoxia acclimation. In addition, an increase in ventilation rate was observed for combined copper and hypoxia exposure, compared to the single stressors or the controls. Interestingly, in the groups exposed to copper, a large increase in variation in the measured Pcrit was observed between individuals, both under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. This variation, if observed in wild populations, may lead to selection for a tolerant phenotype and alterations in the gene pool of the populations, with consequences for their sustainability. Our findings provide strong evidence that copper reduces the capacity of fish to respond to hypoxia by preventing acclimation and will inform predictions of the consequences of global increases of hypoxia in water systems affected by other pollutants worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Fitzgerald
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - Mauricio G Urbina
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK; Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, 4070386, Chile; Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía (IMO), Universidad de Concepción, PO Box 1313, Concepción, Chile
| | - Nicholas J Rogers
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Nic R Bury
- University of Suffolk, School of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Hehir Building, University Avenue, Ipswich, IP3 0FS, UK
| | - Ioanna Katsiadaki
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, 4070386, Chile
| | - Rod W Wilson
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Eduarda M Santos
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
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Affandi FA, Ishak MY. Impacts of suspended sediment and metal pollution from mining activities on riverine fish population-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:16939-16951. [PMID: 31028621 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mining activities are responsible for the elevated input levels of suspended sediment and hazardous metals into the riverine ecosystem. These have been shown to threaten the riverine fish populations and can even lead to localized population extinction. To date, research on the effects of mining activities on fish has been focused within metal contamination and bioaccumulation and its threat to human consumption, neglecting the effects of suspended sediment. This paper reviews the effects of suspended sediment and metal pollution on riverine ecosystem and fish population by examining the possibilities of genetic changes and population extinction. In addition, possible assessments and studies of the riverine fish population are discussed to cope with the risks from mining activities and fish population declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Ahmad Affandi
- Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yusoff Ishak
- Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Mohammadi M, Mahboobi-Soofiani N, Farhadian O, Malekpouri P. Metabolic and NH 4 excretion rate of fresh water species, Chondrostoma regium in response to environmental stressors, different scenarios for temperature and pH. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:90-101. [PMID: 30114592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Changes in water temperature and pH levels have substantial adverse effects on aquatic organisms, hence causing physiological constraint on their well-being. To understand the physiological responses of Chondrostoma regium to temperature or pH changes, standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), absolute and factorial aerobic scope (AS&FAS) as well as the specific rate of ammonia excretion (Jamm) were measured at following temperatures: acute low (3.5-4.5 °C), 24 h low (5.5-6.5 °C), 7 d low (5.5-6.5 °C), acute high (30-31 °C), 24 h high (29-30 °C), 7 d high (28-29 °C), and different pH treatments: acute low (4.3-4.4), 24 h low (4.3-4.4), 7 d low (6.3-6.4), acute high (9.8-9.9), 24 h high (9.8-9.9), 7 d high (8.8-8.9). A control group was also assigned to optimum temperature = 22-23 °C and pH = 7.8-7.9. These experimental ranges for each treatment were obtained based on critical thermal and pH thresholds, i.e., 1.9 to 31.7 °C and 2.7 to 11.1, respectively. SMR was enhanced significantly (P < 0.05) following pH treatments, except for 24 h low pH treatment. Results showed significant (P < 0.05) changes in both SMR and MMR at low and high temperature treatments. The AS was elevated following pH treatments except for acute low pH treatment in which AS significantly was declined (P < 0.05). Low temperature treatments resulted in lower AS while no significant changes in AS were observed in high temperatures. In all treatments, FAS value did not differ significantly from control, except for acute and 24 h low treatments of both temperature and pH. All high pH and temperature treatments showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in Jamm. Histopathological results of gills indicated hyperplasia and fusion of secondary lamella and kidneys histopathology revealed necrosis and loss of tubular lumen in the most treatments. Results indicated that increases in water temperature or pH are more stressful than the lower ranges of them, suggesting higher capability of fish to adjust to the low levels of temperature or pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Mohammadi
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
| | | | - Omidvar Farhadian
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
| | - Pedram Malekpouri
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Giacomin M, Vilarinho GC, Castro KF, Ferreira M, Duarte RM, Wood CM, Val AL. Physiological impacts and bioaccumulation of dietary Cu and Cd in a model teleost: The Amazonian tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 199:30-45. [PMID: 29604500 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing anthropogenic activities in the Amazon have led to elevated metals in the aquatic environment. Since fish are the main source of animal protein for the Amazonian population, understanding metal bioaccumulation patterns and physiological impacts is of critical importance. Juvenile tambaqui, a local model species, were exposed to chronic dietary Cu (essential, 500 μg Cu/g food) and Cd (non-essential, 500 μg Cd/g food). Fish were sampled at 10-14, 18-20 and 33-36 days of exposure and the following parameters were analyzed: growth, voluntary food consumption, conversion efficiency, tissue-specific metal bioaccumulation, ammonia and urea-N excretion, O2 consumption, Pcrit, hypoxia tolerance, nitrogen quotient, major blood plasma ions and metabolites, gill and gut enzyme activities, and in vitro gut fluid transport. The results indicate no ionoregulatory impacts of either of the metal-contaminated diets at gill, gut, or plasma levels, and no differences in plasma cortisol or lactate. The Cd diet appeared to have suppressed feeding, though overall tank growth was not affected. Bioaccumulation of both metals was observed. Distinct tissue-specific and time-specific patterns were seen. Metal burdens in the edible white muscle remained low. Overall, physiological impacts of the Cu diet were minimal. However dietary Cd increased hypoxia tolerance, as evidenced by decreased Pcrit, increased time to loss of equilibrium, a lack of plasma glucose elevation, decreased plasma ethanol, and decreased NQ during hypoxia. Blood O2 transport characteristics (P50, Bohr coefficient, hemoglobin, hematocrit) were unaffected, suggesting that tissue level changes in metabolism accounted for the greater hypoxia tolerance in tambaqui fed with a Cd-contaminated diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Giacomin
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Gisele C Vilarinho
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Katia F Castro
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Ferreira
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Rafael M Duarte
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, São Vicente, SP, Brazil.
| | - Chris M Wood
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada; Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, FL 33149, USA.
| | - Adalberto L Val
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
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Moghimi M, Mahboobi-Soofiani N, Malekpouri P. Effects of water-borne copper and lead on metabolic and excretion rate of bahaii loach (Turcinoemacheilus bahaii). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 60:176-183. [PMID: 29730226 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Beyond the role of anthropogenic activities, natural sources of metal contaminations are still controversial, together counting, however, as a major threat to inland and coastal waters, becoming an even more prominent stressor for aquatic life. To address the effects of metals on the physiological response of fish, standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), aerobic scope (AS) and factorial aerobic scope (FAS) as well as specific rate of ammonia excretion (Jamm) of Turcinoemacheilus bahaii were determined following different water-borne Cu2+ and Pb2+ treatments. Following LC50-96 h determination, 72 fish (BW = 1.153 ± 0.56 g and TL = 6.155 ± 0.97 cm) were exposed to different amounts of Cu2+ and Pb2+ in 9 different treatments (eight fish/treatment), including 0.910 mg l-1 Cu2+ for 24 h, 0.455 mg l-1 Cu2+ for 7d, 0.182 mg l-1 Cu2+ for 14d and 0.091 mg l-1 Cu2+ for 30 d as well as 124.430 mg l-1 Pb2+ for 24 h, 62.215 mg l-1 Pb2+ for 7d,12.443 mg l-1 Pb2+ for 14d, 6.221 mg l-1 Pb2+ for 30d and control. The SMR of fish was reduced following exposures to all Cu2+ and Pb2+ treatments (P < 0.05), except for 30d exposure as compared with the control. The MMR remained steady following all Cu2+ treatments while it was raised significantly (P < 0.05) following Pb2+ treatments at 7, 14 and 30d exposure. Although the AS showed a similar pattern to MMR, the FAS was elevated (P < 0.05) following all the treatments when compared with control. Lower Jamm were observed following all metals-treated fish in comparison with control (P < 0.05). In addition, higher (P < 0.05) levels of injuries were observed following all Cu2+ and Pb2+ treatments in gills and kidneys. The results suggest that Cu2+ and Pb2+ over the experimental period could impair the metabolic and excretory capacities, hence affecting the possible physiological performance of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Moghimi
- Fisheries Division, Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
| | - Nasrollah Mahboobi-Soofiani
- Fisheries Division, Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran.
| | - Pedram Malekpouri
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Fitzgerald JA, Katsiadaki I, Santos EM. Contrasting effects of hypoxia on copper toxicity during development in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 222:433-443. [PMID: 28017364 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a global problem in aquatic systems and often co-occurs with pollutants. Despite this, little is known about the combined effects of these stressors on aquatic organisms. The objective of this study was to investigate the combined effects of hypoxia and copper, a toxic metal widespread in the aquatic environment. We used the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) as a model because of its environmental relevance and amenability for environmental toxicology studies. We focused on embryonic development as this is considered to be a sensitive life stage to environmental pollution. We first investigated the effects of hypoxia alone on stickleback development to generate the information required to design subsequent studies. Our data showed that exposure to low oxygen concentrations (24.7 ± 0.9% air saturation; AS) resulted in strong developmental delays and increased mortalities, whereas a small decrease in oxygen (75.0 ± 0.5%AS) resulted in premature hatching. Stickleback embryos were then exposed to a range of copper concentrations under hypoxia (56.1 ± 0.2%AS) or normoxia (97.6 ± 0.1%AS), continuously, from fertilisation to free swimming larvae. Hypoxia caused significant changes in copper toxicity throughout embryonic development. Prior to hatching, hypoxia suppressed the occurrence of mortalities, but after hatching hypoxia significantly increased copper toxicity. Interestingly, when exposures were conducted only after hatching, the onset of copper-induced mortalities was delayed under hypoxia compared to normoxia, but after 48 h, copper was more toxic to hatched embryos under hypoxia. This is the second species for which the protective effect of hypoxia on copper toxicity prior to hatching, followed by its exacerbating effect after hatching is demonstrated, suggesting the hypothesis that this pattern may be common for teleost species. Our research highlights the importance of considering the interactions between multiple stressors, as understanding these interactions is essential to facilitate the accurate prediction of the consequences of exposure to complex stressors in a rapidly changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Fitzgerald
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - Ioanna Katsiadaki
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Eduarda M Santos
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
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14
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Fitzgerald JA, Jameson HM, Fowler VHD, Bond GL, Bickley LK, Webster TMU, Bury NR, Wilson RJ, Santos EM. Hypoxia Suppressed Copper Toxicity during Early Development in Zebrafish Embryos in a Process Mediated by the Activation of the HIF Signaling Pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:4502-4512. [PMID: 27019216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a global and increasingly important stressor in aquatic ecosystems, with major impacts on biodiversity worldwide. Hypoxic waters are often contaminated with a wide range of chemicals but little is known about the interactions between these stressors. We investigated the effects of hypoxia on the responses of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to copper, a widespread aquatic contaminant. We showed that during continuous exposures copper toxicity was reduced by over 2-fold under hypoxia compared to normoxia. When exposures were conducted during 24 h windows, hypoxia reduced copper toxicity during early development and increased its toxicity in hatched larvae. To investigate the role of the hypoxia signaling pathway on the suppression of copper toxicity during early development, we stabilized the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway under normoxia using a prolyl-4-hydroxylase inhibitor, dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) and demonstrated that HIF activation results in a strong reduction in copper toxicity. We also established that the reduction in copper toxicity during early development was independent of copper uptake, while after hatching, copper uptake was increased under hypoxia, corresponding to an increase in copper toxicity. These findings change our understanding of the current and future impacts of worldwide oxygen depletion on fish communities challenged by anthropogenic toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Fitzgerald
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science , Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah M Jameson
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria H Dewar Fowler
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia L Bond
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa K Bickley
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Tamsyn M Uren Webster
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Nic R Bury
- King's College London , 83 Franklin-Wilkins Building, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Wilson
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Eduarda M Santos
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
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