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Zhang C, Wang X, Kaur P, Gan J. A critical review on the accumulation of neonicotinoid insecticides in pollen and nectar: Influencing factors and implications for pollinator exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165670. [PMID: 37478949 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are a class of neuro-active insecticides widely used to protect major crops, primarily because of their broad-spectrum insecticidal activity and low vertebrate toxicity. Owing to their systemic nature, plants readily take up neonicotinoids and translocate them through roots, leaves, and other tissues to flowers (pollen and nectar) that serve as a critical point of exposure to pollinators foraging on treated plants. The growing evidence for potential adverse effects on non-target species, especially pollinators, and persistence has raised serious concerns, as these pesticides are increasingly prevalent in terrestrial and aquatic systems. Despite increasing research efforts, our understanding of the potential toxicity of neonicotinoids and the risks they pose to non-target species remains limited. Therefore, this critical review provides a succinct evaluation of the uptake, translocation, and accumulation processes of neonicotinoids in plants and the factors that may affect the eventual build-up of neonicotinoids in pollen and nectar. The role of plant species, as well as the physicochemical properties and application methods of neonicotinoids is discussed. Potential knowledge gaps are identified, and questions meriting future research are suggested for improving our understanding of the relationship between neonicotinoid residues in plants and exposure to pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside 92521, CA, USA; Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside 92521, CA, USA; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside 92521, CA, USA.
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside 92521, CA, USA
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2
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Advantages of Multiplexing Ability of the Orbitrap Mass Analyzer in the Multi-Mycotoxin Analysis. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020134. [PMID: 36828448 PMCID: PMC9965799 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In routine measurements, the length of the analysis time and nfumber of samples analysed during a time unit are crucial parameters, which are especially important for the food analysis, particularly in the case of mycotoxin determinations. High-resolution equipment, including time-of-flight or Orbitrap analyzators, can provide stable instrumental background for high-throughput analyses. In this report, a short, 1 min MS-based multi-mycotoxin method was developed with the application of a short column as a reduced chromatographic separation, taking advantages of the multiplexing and high-resolution capability of the QExactive Orbitrap MS possessing sub-1 ppm mass accuracy. The performance of the method was evaluated regarding selectivity, LOD, LOQ, linearity, matrix effect, and recovery, and compared to a UHPLC-MS/MS method. The final multiplexing method was able to quantify 11 mycotoxins in defined ranges (aflatoxins (corn, 2.8-600 μg/kg; wheat, 1.5-350 μg/kg), deoxynivalenol (corn, 640-9600 μg/kg; wheat, 128-3500 μg/kg), fumonisins (corn, 20-1500 μg/kg; wheat, 30-3500 μg/kg), HT-2 (corn, 64-5200 μg/kg; wheat, 61-3500 μg/kg), T-2 (corn, 10-800 μg/kg; wheat, 4-250 μg/kg), ochratoxin (corn, 4.7-600 μg/kg; wheat, 1-1000 μg/kg), zearalenone (corn, 64-4800 μg/kg; wheat, 4-500 μg/kg)) within one minute in corn and wheat matrices at the MRL levels stated by the European Union.
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3
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Presence and distribution of pesticides in apicultural products: A critical appraisal. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Analytical methods for pesticide residues determination in propolis and propolis-based products. ACTA CHIMICA SLOVACA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/acs-2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
As a result of massive bee deaths in recent years, beekeeping is raising concerns about the presence of pesticides in propolis which is considered as a safe product. The paper is focused on the analysis of bee propolis and propolis-based products using various chromatographic techniques using mass spectrometry detection predominantly. An important part of the work is an overview concerning methods of sample preparation, extraction, and purification of extracts, followed by separation and detection techniques. Positive findings of contaminants and their concentrations in propolis samples and propolis products were evaluated. Sorption based techniques such as matrix solid phase dispersion and solvent-based extraction techniques are frequently applied for propolis analysis in connection with chromatographic techniques. Liquid-based extractions, such as the QuEChERS extraction technique (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe), combine extraction by solvent with several ways of extract cleaning using combinations of salts and sorbents, primary secondary amine, MgSO4, NaCl, graphitized carbon, EMR-lipid, florisil, or octadecylsilane-modified silica gel. Other extraction techniques were reviewed. The most significant problem to be considered in pesticides detection is the topic of matrix effects, which have to be solved for each sample analysis with special care.
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5
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Hrynko I, Kaczyński P, Łozowicka B. A global study of pesticides in bees: QuEChERS as a sample preparation methodology for their analysis - Critical review and perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148385. [PMID: 34153771 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To this day, it remains unknown what the cause of decline of honey bee populations is and how to prevent this phenomenon efficiently. Poisonings with pesticides are assumed to be among the main causes for the decline of the honey bee population. Despite the significant progress observed in analytics over recent years, research aimed at improving methods applied in diagnostics of bee poisoning is still in progress. This is no easy task, since determination of the content of trace amounts (often equal to sublethal doses) of a wide range of compounds with diverse physico-chemical properties in honey bee samples with a complex matrix composition poses a serious challenge to modern analytics. This overview is the first to include a comprehensive critical assessment of analytical methods proposed for quantification of pesticides in honey bees over the last decade. Since the QuEChERS method is currently of great significance to ensuring accurate and reliable results of pesticide quantification in honey bees, the present overview focuses on the major aspects of this method, which will provide a comprehensive reference for scientists. The review focuses on the limitations of methods and on potential future prospects. It also contains information on the detection of pesticides in honey bees between 2010 and 2020 and characterizes the pesticide classes which are most toxic to these insects. This is extremely important, not just in the context of understanding the potential adverse impact of pesticides, manifesting as losses in bee colonies; it is also intended to facilitate decision-making in future research related to this difficult yet very important subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Hrynko
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Food and Feed Safety, Chelmonskiego 22, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kaczyński
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Food and Feed Safety, Chelmonskiego 22, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bożena Łozowicka
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Food and Feed Safety, Chelmonskiego 22, Bialystok, Poland
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6
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Mateus ARS, Barros S, Pena A, Silva AS. Development and Validation of QuEChERS Followed by UHPLC-ToF-MS Method for Determination of Multi-Mycotoxins in Pistachio Nuts. Molecules 2021; 26:5754. [PMID: 34641298 PMCID: PMC8510078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pistachios are one of the types of tree nut fruits with the highest mycotoxin contamination, especially of aflatoxins, worldwide. This study developed a Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method that was followed by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography combined with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-ToF-MS) for the determination of mycotoxins in pistachios. Different approaches to dispersive solid phase extraction as a clean-up method for high lipid matrices were evaluated. For this, classic sorbents such as C18 (octadecyl-modified silica) and PSA (primary secondary amine), and new classes of sorbents, namely EMR-Lipid (enhanced matrix removal-lipid) and Z-Sep (modified silica gel with zirconium oxide), were used. The QuEChERS method, followed by Z-Sep d-SPE clean-up, provided the best analytical performance for aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), toxin T2 (T2) and toxin HT-2 (HT2) in pistachios. The method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, repeatability, interday precision and recovery; it achieved good results according to criteria imposed by Commission Regulation (EC) no. 401/2006. The method was applied to real samples and the results show that pistachios that are available in Portuguese markets are safe from mycotoxins that are of concern to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Soares Mateus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.R.S.M.); (A.S.S.)
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal;
| | - Sílvia Barros
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal;
| | - Angelina Pena
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.R.S.M.); (A.S.S.)
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.R.S.M.); (A.S.S.)
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal;
- Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Oporto, Apartado, 55142 Oporto, Portugal
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7
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Kaczyński P, Łozowicka B, Perkowski M, Hrynko I, Zoń W. Exposure of wild boars (Sus scrofa L) to neonicotinoid insecticides. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130519. [PMID: 33862362 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to determine, for the first time, concentrations of 7 neonicotinoids (NEOs) and 5 metabolites in Sus scrofa from hunting areas in north-eastern Poland and assess the risk to consumers eating boar meat. 42 wild boar muscle samples were collected over a one-year period. The concentrations of 12 NEOs were determined by a fully validated LC-ESI-MS/MS protocol based on ultrasonic, freezing and cleanup EMR-lipid sample preparation. NEOs were present in over 83% of samples, 17% had no residue, and one pesticide was present in 36% of samples. Most often found were: clothianidin (35%), acetamiprid and imidacloprid (33%), thiacloprid (31%), thiamethoxam (9%), and the average concentrations were (ng g-1): thiacloprid 6.2 > imidacloprid 5.7 > acetamiprid 4.6 > clothianidin 2.2 > thiacloprid 1.6 > thiamethoxam 1.0. Multi-residue samples were found, one with 7 and one with 5 NEOs. Two NEOs were present in 24%; 3 in 39% and 4 in 10% of samples. In the metabolic degradation of acetamiprid, imidacloprid and thiacloprid, it was observed that metabolites account for no more than 8.5% of the measured parent substance. Acetamiprid-n-desmethyl was noted most often (21%). Due to the detection of NEOs in a large proportion of samples, chronic and acute risk assessment were performed. The estimated chronic and acute risk for consumers from NEOs neonicotinoids through the consumption of wild boar was very low and amounted to respectively 0.02% of ADI and 0.86% of ARfD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kaczyński
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Bożena Łozowicka
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195, Białystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Perkowski
- University of Białystok, Faculty of Law, Department of Public International Law and European Law, Mickiewicza 1, 15-213, Białystok, Poland
| | - Izabela Hrynko
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195, Białystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zoń
- University of Białystok, Faculty of Law, Department of Public International Law and European Law, Mickiewicza 1, 15-213, Białystok, Poland
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8
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Kaczyński P, Łozowicka B, Perkowski M, Zoń W, Hrynko I, Rutkowska E, Skibko Z. Impact of broad-spectrum pesticides used in the agricultural and forestry sector on the pesticide profile in wild boar, roe deer and deer and risk assessment for venison consumers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147215. [PMID: 34088076 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The present work is the first extensive study of large-scale pesticides research in wild animals. The investigation covered three game species: wild boar (n = 42), roe deer (n = 79) and deer (n = 15) collected from north-eastern Poland. To characterize the 480 pesticides in muscle samples, LC-GC-MS/MS techniques were used. A total of 28 compounds were detected: 5 neonicotinoids, 6 organochlorine and 5 other insecticides, 9 fungicides and 4 herbicides, in the range of 0.1-85.3 ng g-1. Over four hundred detections were done. The highest mean concentrations were as follows: anthraquinone (85.3 ng g-1) > DDT-p,p' (4.6 ng g-1) > imidacloprid (4.3 ng g-1) > permethrin (3.6 ng g-1) > thiacloprid (2.8 ng g-1). DDT and metabolites were the most frequently detected, followed by acetamiprid, tebuconazole, clothianidin and imidacloprid. Overall, 92% samples with residues were recorded, including 100% of wild boar, 88% of roe deer and 86% of deer. More than one pesticide (up to 9) was found in over 73% of the tested samples. The estimated chronic and acute risk to consumers of venison were very low (below 1% ADI and ARfD). This interdisciplinary study may be helpful for estimating ecological risk to wild animals and risk to consumers of wild animal products, and also as a source of biomonitoring data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kaczyński
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Bożena Łozowicka
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195 Białystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Perkowski
- University of Białystok, Faculty of Law, Department of Public International Law and European Law, Mickiewicza 1, 15-213 Białystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zoń
- University of Białystok, Faculty of Law, Department of Public International Law and European Law, Mickiewicza 1, 15-213 Białystok, Poland
| | - Izabela Hrynko
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195 Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Rutkowska
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195 Białystok, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Skibko
- Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
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9
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Albert J, More CA, Dahlke NRP, Steinmetz Z, Schaumann GE, Muñoz K. Validation of a Simple and Reliable Method for the Determination of Aflatoxins in Soil and Food Matrices. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:18684-18693. [PMID: 34337207 PMCID: PMC8319938 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are toxic fungal secondary metabolites that are commonly detected in food commodities. Currently, there is a lack of generic methods capable of determining AFs both at postharvest stages in agricultural products and preharvest stages, namely, the agricultural soil. Here, we present a simple and reliable method for quantitative analysis of AFs in soil and food matrices at environmentally relevant concentrations for the first time, using the same extraction procedure and chromatography, either by HPLC-FLD or LC-MS. AFs were extracted from matrices by ultrasonication using an acetonitrile/water mixture (84:16, v + v) without extensive and time-consuming cleanup procedures. Food extracts were defatted with n-hexane. Matrix effects in terms of signal suppression/enhancement (SSE) for HPLC-FLD were within ±20% for all matrices tested. For LC-MS, the SSE values were mostly within ±20% for soil matrices but outside ±20% for all food matrices. The sensitivity of the method allowed quantitative analysis even at trace levels with quantification limits (LOQs) between 0.04 and 0.23 μg kg-1 for HPLC-FLD and 0.06-0.23 μg kg-1 for LC-MS. The recoveries ranged from 64 to 92, 74 to 101, and 78 to 103% for fortification levels of 0.5, 5, and 20 μg kg-1, respectively, with repeatability values of 2-18%. The validation results are in accordance with the quality criteria and limits for mycotoxins set by the European Commission, thus confirming a satisfactory performance of the analytical method. Although reliable analysis is possible with both instruments, the HPLC-FLD method may be more suitable for routine analysis because it does not require consideration of the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Albert
- iES
Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Organic and
Ecological Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Camilla A. More
- iES
Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Organic and
Ecological Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Niklaus R. P. Dahlke
- iES
Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Organic and
Ecological Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Zacharias Steinmetz
- iES
Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Environmental
and Soil Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Gabriele E. Schaumann
- iES
Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Environmental
and Soil Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Katherine Muñoz
- iES
Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Organic and
Ecological Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
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10
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Hrynko I, Łozowicka B, Kaczyński P. Development of precise micro analytical tool to identify potential insecticide hazards to bees in guttation fluid using LC-ESI-MS/MS. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128143. [PMID: 33297131 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper illustrates the development of a miniaturized and precise analytical tool for biomonitoring of honey bee exposure to insecticides. This is the first work describing an analytical method for determination of very low concentrations of a wide range of insecticides in maize guttation fluid. Seed treatment with systemic insecticides or their foliar application causes the accumulation of compounds in the guttation liquid, which consists of excess water and compounds removed by plants and is a source of water for bees. A micro-QuEChERS protocol using 1 g of sample was used for analysis of over 140 insecticides belonging to 30 different chemical classes by LC-ESI-MS/MS. The determination of insecticides in guttation fluid is a difficult analytical task due to 1) the complexity of the sample matrix, 2) small amounts of test samples and 3) trace levels of analytes (often equal sublethal dose of insecticide for bees). An efficient sample treatment is proposed, involving 1 g of sample, extraction with 1% formic acid in acetonitrile, frozen, ultrasound-assisted, centrifugation and dispersive solid phase extraction with nano graphene oxide. Other tested sorbents: Fe3O4MNPs and two mixtures PSA/C18/GCB and Z-Sep did not give satisfactory parameters during sample purification. The graphene oxide proved to be the best, ensuring negligible matrix effects and analyte recoveries between 70% and 120% with relative standard deviations <20% for most of the compounds studied. The proposed method enables assessment of risk to honey bees resulting from exposure to guttation fluids containing toxic insecticides at very low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Hrynko
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Food and Feed Safety Laboratory, Chelmonskiego 22, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Bożena Łozowicka
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Food and Feed Safety Laboratory, Chelmonskiego 22, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaczyński
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Food and Feed Safety Laboratory, Chelmonskiego 22, Bialystok, Poland
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11
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Wang X, Wang Z, Di S, Xue X, Jin Y, Qi P, Wang X, Han L, Xiao Y, Min S. Determination of 14 Lipophilic Pesticide Residues in Raw Propolis by Selective Sample Preparation and Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Fu Y, Dou X, Lu Q, Qin J, Luo J, Yang M. Comprehensive assessment for the residual characteristics and degradation kinetics of pesticides in Panax notoginseng and planting soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136718. [PMID: 31982747 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Incorrect and excess usage of pesticides during crop cultivation poses a serious threat to human health and ecosystems. In this study, we tested for the presence of 201 pesticide residues in 90 batches of Panax notoginseng (P. notoginseng) and 10 batches of planting soil. Pesticide residue characteristics and the relationship between pesticides present in P. notoginseng and the soil were discussed. Twenty-nine pesticides were detected in P. notoginseng samples and 15 pesticides were found in the soil samples. In P. notoginseng samples, the 68.9% of the identified pesticides were fungicides, and six fungicides (procymidone, iprodione, pyrimethanil, propiconazole, dimethomorph and tebuconazole) were found in >90% of the samples. Nine insecticides were found, with one insecticide, chlorpyrifos, detected in 93.3% of the P. notoginseng samples. The residual concentrations of 17 pesticides were found at levels exceeded the "non-Chinese" maximum residue levels (MRLs) for Ginseng and 17 pesticides were found at levels exceeding the MRLs set by China for "pollution-free" P. notoginseng. We observed no significant differences in pesticide residues were found on P. notoginseng from different cultivation areas. We also analyzed the degradation kinetics of pesticides in the soil, as well as their bioconcentration factors (BCFs), and found that the fungicides iprodione and myclobutanil displayed strong uptake from the soil to the root of P. notoginseng. Together, our data suggest that fungicides should be considered as key monitoring substances in P. notoginseng and planting soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaowen Dou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaoyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Meihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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13
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García-Valcárcel AI, Martínez-Ferrer MT, Campos-Rivela JM, Hernando Guil MD. Analysis of pesticide residues in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) and in corbicular pollen. Exposure in citrus orchard with an integrated pest management system. Talanta 2019; 204:153-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Target Analysis and Retrospective Screening of Multiple Mycotoxins in Pet Food Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11080434. [PMID: 31344880 PMCID: PMC6723864 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11080434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive strategy combining a quantitative method for 28 mycotoxins and a post-target screening for other 245 fungal and bacterial metabolites in dry pet food samples were developed using an acetonitrile-based extraction and an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) method. The proposed method showed satisfactory validation results according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Average recoveries from 72 to 108% were obtained for all studied mycotoxins, and the intra-/inter-day precision were below 9 and 14%, respectively. Results showed mycotoxin contamination in 99% of pet food samples (n = 89) at concentrations of up to hundreds µg/kg, with emerging Fusarium mycotoxins being the most commonly detected mycotoxins. All positive samples showed co-occurrence of mycotoxins with the simultaneous presence of up to 16 analytes per sample. In the retrospective screening, up to 54 fungal metabolites were tentatively identified being cyclopiazonic acid, paspalitrem A, fusaric acid, and macrosporin, the most commonly detected analytes.
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Bernal J, Nozal MJ, Martín MT, Bernal JL, Ares AM. Trace analysis of flubendiamide in bee pollen using enhanced matrix removal-lipid sorbent clean-up and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Hrynko I, Łozowicka B, Kaczyński P. Comprehensive analysis of insecticides in melliferous weeds and agricultural crops using a modified QuEChERS/LC-MS/MS protocol and of their potential risk to honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 657:16-27. [PMID: 30530215 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The risk of exposure of honey bees to the presence of insecticides in melliferous plants is higher than previously reported. Therefore, monitoring insecticide residues in these plants is of great importance to honey bee safety. A novelty of the present research was the development of an innovative procedure for determination of residues of 142 insecticides in weeds and agricultural crops among melliferous plants. Phacelia, buckwheat, rape, common dandelion, cornflower and clover were selected for testing. Samples were extracted via QuEChERS. Two single sorbents (Z-Sep and Chitosan) and two combinations of sorbents (PSA/C18/ENVI-Carb/MgSO4, PSA/GCB/MgSO4) were tested. The matrix effect was applied as the main criterion for assessment of the method's effectiveness. The best sorbent for preparation of: (i) common dandelion samples was PSA/GCB/MgSO4, (ii) rape, cornflower and clover samples - PSA/C18/ENVI-Carb/MgSO4 sorbent and (iii) phacelia and buckwheat samples - Z-Sep sorbent. The developed procedure was applied for quantification of insecticide residues in 41 melliferous plant samples to estimate exposure of honey bees to pesticides through calculation of the hazard quotient (HQ). In total, 12 different insecticides were detected. The presence of neonicotinoid insecticides was found 7 times. The residues most frequently identified in melliferous plants were deltamethrin, dimethoate, and its metabolite, omethoate. An increased insecticide risk to honey bees was found for 4.9% and 9.8% of samples, for the oral and contact dose, respectively. This is why the hazard of melliferous plant residues was considered elevated for honey bees. The results clearly demonstrated that the approach developed provides reliable, simple and rapid determination of insecticides in melliferous plants, which is of great importance to honey bee safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Hrynko
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chelmonskiego 22, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Bożena Łozowicka
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chelmonskiego 22, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaczyński
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chelmonskiego 22, Bialystok, Poland
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Michlig MP, Merke J, Pacini AC, Orellano EM, Beldoménico HR, Repetti MR. Determination of imidacloprid in beehive samples by UHPLC-MS/MS. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Fast determination of neonicotinoid insecticides in beeswax by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using an enhanced matrix removal-lipid sorbent for clean-up. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Bargańska Ż, Lambropoulou D, Namieśnik J. Problems and Challenges to Determine Pesticide Residues in Bumblebees. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 48:447-458. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1445517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Żaneta Bargańska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dimitra Lambropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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Liquid Chromatographic MS/MS Analysis of a Large Group of Insecticides in Honey by Modified QuEChERS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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