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Noel A, Guéant‐Rodriguez R, Cachard O, Kouche SE, Graindorge P, Wanny NE, Alpers DH, Grova N, Guéant J. A systematic review/meta-analysis of xenobiotics in apple products highlights lack of compliance with European Food Safety Authority Regulation. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2025; 24:e70153. [PMID: 40091751 PMCID: PMC11911976 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.70153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2025] [Accepted: 02/12/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
Apples and their derivatives are among the most widely consumed fruit products in the world and iconic examples of food-safety issues. By using a systematic search in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, we extracted 1374 publications on pesticides, mycotoxins, and heavy metal contents in apple products, which represented 44%, 48%, and 26% of publications on fruit, respectively. We selected 90 articles in which we were able to assess compliance with the European Food Safety Authority's (EFSA) regulations and found a 42.8% overall rate of checks exceeding the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL), a 51.6% rate for pesticides, a 42.55% rate for heavy metals, and a 40.2% rate for mycotoxins. Over 60% of the 92 pesticides considered were banned by the European Union. The rate of noncompliance was much higher in the Middle East (65.2%), Africa (50%), Asia (43.9%), Europe (37.5%), and South America (33.3%) than in North America (12.5%). We observed an influence of the climate Köppen classification and the 2024 Human Development Index (HDI) on the rate of exceeding MRLs. Our data raise questions about the compliance with production regulation requirements and the efficacy of controls. According to the criteria that define MRLs, we also question non-negligible public health issues generated by the high rate of noncompliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Noel
- Inserm UMRS 1256 NGERE, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk ExposureUniversity of LorraineNancyFrance
- FHU ARRIMAGE and Department of Biochemistry‐Molecular Biology and NutritionCHRU NancyNancyFrance
| | - Rosa‐Maria Guéant‐Rodriguez
- Inserm UMRS 1256 NGERE, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk ExposureUniversity of LorraineNancyFrance
- FHU ARRIMAGE and Department of Biochemistry‐Molecular Biology and NutritionCHRU NancyNancyFrance
| | - Olivier Cachard
- Institut François Geny, Pôle SJPEGUniversity of LorraineNancyFrance
| | - Sandra El Kouche
- Inserm UMRS 1256 NGERE, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk ExposureUniversity of LorraineNancyFrance
| | - Paul‐Henri Graindorge
- Inserm UMRS 1256 NGERE, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk ExposureUniversity of LorraineNancyFrance
| | - Nadine El Wanny
- Inserm UMRS 1256 NGERE, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk ExposureUniversity of LorraineNancyFrance
| | - David H. Alpers
- Department of Internal MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Nathalie Grova
- Inserm UMRS 1256 NGERE, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk ExposureUniversity of LorraineNancyFrance
- Department of Infection and Immunity‐Luxembourg Institute of HealthImmune Endocrine Epigenetics Research GroupEsch‐Sur‐AlzetteGrand‐Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Jean‐Louis Guéant
- Inserm UMRS 1256 NGERE, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk ExposureUniversity of LorraineNancyFrance
- FHU ARRIMAGE and Department of Biochemistry‐Molecular Biology and NutritionCHRU NancyNancyFrance
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Altynova N, Khamdiyeva O, Garshin A, Baratzhanova G, Amirgaliyeva A, Seisenbayeva A, Abylkassymova G, Yergali K, Tolebaeva A, Skvortsova L, Zhunussova G, Bekmanov B, Cakir-Kiefer C, Djansugurova L. Case-Control Study of the Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Genes Involved in Xenobiotic Detoxification and Antioxidant Protection with the Long-Term Influence of Organochlorine Pesticides on the Population of the Almaty Region. TOXICS 2023; 11:948. [PMID: 38133349 PMCID: PMC10747153 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The association of genetic polymorphisms with the individual sensitivity of humans to the action of pesticide pollution is being actively studied in the world. The aim of this study was a molecular epidemiological analysis of candidate polymorphisms of genes involved in pesticide metabolism, detoxification, and antioxidant protection. Some of the selected polymorphisms also relate to susceptibility to cancer and cardiovascular, respiratory, and immune system diseases in individuals exposed to pesticides for a long time. For a case-control study of a unique cohort of people exposed to organochlorine pesticides for 10 years or more were chosen, a control cohort was selected that matched with the experimental group by the main population characteristics. PCR-PRLF and genome-wide microarray genotyping (GWAS) methods were used. We identified 17 polymorphisms of xenobiotic detoxification genes and 27 polymorphisms of antioxidant defense genes, which had a significantly high statistical association with the negative impact of chronic pesticide intoxication on human health. We also found 17 polymorphisms of xenobiotic detoxification genes and 12 polymorphisms of antioxidant defense genes that have a protective effect. Data obtained added to the list of potential polymorphisms that define a group at high risk or resistant to the negative effects of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazym Altynova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan; (N.A.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (G.A.); (K.Y.); (A.T.); (L.S.); (G.Z.); (B.B.)
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Ozada Khamdiyeva
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan; (N.A.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (G.A.); (K.Y.); (A.T.); (L.S.); (G.Z.); (B.B.)
| | - Aleksandr Garshin
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan; (N.A.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (G.A.); (K.Y.); (A.T.); (L.S.); (G.Z.); (B.B.)
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulminyam Baratzhanova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan; (N.A.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (G.A.); (K.Y.); (A.T.); (L.S.); (G.Z.); (B.B.)
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- INRAE, UR AFPA, USC 340, University of Lorraine, Nancy F-54000, France;
| | - Almira Amirgaliyeva
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan; (N.A.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (G.A.); (K.Y.); (A.T.); (L.S.); (G.Z.); (B.B.)
| | - Akerke Seisenbayeva
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan; (N.A.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (G.A.); (K.Y.); (A.T.); (L.S.); (G.Z.); (B.B.)
| | - Gulnar Abylkassymova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan; (N.A.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (G.A.); (K.Y.); (A.T.); (L.S.); (G.Z.); (B.B.)
| | - Kanagat Yergali
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan; (N.A.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (G.A.); (K.Y.); (A.T.); (L.S.); (G.Z.); (B.B.)
| | - Anar Tolebaeva
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan; (N.A.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (G.A.); (K.Y.); (A.T.); (L.S.); (G.Z.); (B.B.)
| | - Liliya Skvortsova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan; (N.A.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (G.A.); (K.Y.); (A.T.); (L.S.); (G.Z.); (B.B.)
| | - Gulnur Zhunussova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan; (N.A.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (G.A.); (K.Y.); (A.T.); (L.S.); (G.Z.); (B.B.)
| | - Bakhytzhan Bekmanov
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan; (N.A.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (G.A.); (K.Y.); (A.T.); (L.S.); (G.Z.); (B.B.)
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Leyla Djansugurova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan; (N.A.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (G.A.); (K.Y.); (A.T.); (L.S.); (G.Z.); (B.B.)
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
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Garshin A, Altynova N, Djangalina E, Khamdiyeva O, Baratzhanova G, Tolebaeva A, Zhaniyazov Z, Khussainova E, Cakir-Kiefer C, Jurjanz S, Delannoy M, Djansugurova L. Individual Risk Assessment for Population Living on the Territories Long-Term Polluted by Organochlorine Pesticides. TOXICS 2023; 11:482. [PMID: 37368581 PMCID: PMC10304191 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The long-term storage of unutilized pesticides raised new problems of long-term environmental contamination. The study presents the results of surveying 151 individuals in 7 villages living close to pesticide-contaminated localities. All individuals have been surveyed concerning their consumption habits and lifestyle characteristics. An assessment of the general exposure risks of the local population was carried out using the analysis of pollutants in food products and the average levels of their consumption in the region. The cohort risk evaluation revealed that the greatest risk was associated with the regular consumption of cucumbers, pears, bell peppers, meat, and milk. The new model to estimate individual risks of long-term pesticide pollution was proposed as a calculation of the combined action of 9 risk factors, including individual genotypes, age, lifestyle, and personal pesticide consumption rates. The analysis of the predictive ability of this model showed that the final score for individual health risks corresponded to the development of chronic diseases. A high level of chromosomal aberrations was evidenced for individual genetic risk manifestations. The combined influence of all risk factors revealed contributions of 24.7% for health status and 14.2% for genetic status, while other impacts go to all unaccounted factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Garshin
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue, 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan (L.D.)
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue, 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Nazym Altynova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue, 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan (L.D.)
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue, 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Erika Djangalina
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue, 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan (L.D.)
| | - Ozada Khamdiyeva
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue, 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan (L.D.)
| | - Gulminyam Baratzhanova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue, 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan (L.D.)
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue, 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- INRAE, URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France (S.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Anar Tolebaeva
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue, 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan (L.D.)
| | - Zhasulan Zhaniyazov
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue, 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan (L.D.)
| | - Elmira Khussainova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue, 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan (L.D.)
| | | | - Stefan Jurjanz
- INRAE, URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France (S.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Matthieu Delannoy
- INRAE, URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France (S.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Leyla Djansugurova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue, 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan (L.D.)
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue, 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
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Li Q, Xiao P, Shen D, Huang Y, Shi X, Li X, Liu Y. Level and risk assessment of selected polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and organochlorine pesticides in walnut and soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:14849-14859. [PMID: 36161556 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is unknown how hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) are distributed and how they affect the environment in high-fat nuts and their planted soil. The profile of HOCs in walnut/soil system was investigated in this study. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were found in walnuts at concentrations of 0.67, 127, and 116 μg/kg, respectively. The target hazard quotients (THQ) of 17 PCBs, 16 PAHs, and 21 OCPs from walnut consumption by human were 0.06, 0.01, and 0.11, respectively. The highest concentrations of HOC in the soil were found in Nap and toxaphene, with concentrations of 2580 and 902 μg/kg, respectively. Bioaccumulation factors (BAF) and biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAF) in walnuts were ranged from <0.01 to 7.04 and <0.01 to 3.83, respectively. Concentrations of most individual HOCs in soil samples were significantly correlated with soil organic matter (SOM) (p < 0.01) and minerals (p < 0.01), with maximum correlation coefficients of 0.70 (OM-PCB81) and -0.84 (P-BaP). According to this study, high-fat walnuts do not have a high bioaccumulation of HOCs from soil, and the risk of consumption is within the safe range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Li
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 311400, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Xiao
- JiYang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, 311800, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyu Shen
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 311400, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunmei Huang
- JiYang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, 311800, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Shi
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 311400, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianbin Li
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100125, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihua Liu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 311400, People's Republic of China.
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Niu A, Lin C. Managing soils of environmental significance: A critical review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:125990. [PMID: 34229372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Globally, environmentally significant soils (ESSs) mainly include acid sulfate, heavy metal(loid)-contaminated, petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated, pesticide-contaminated, and radionuclide-contaminated soils. These soils are interrelated and have many common characteristics from an environmental management perspective. In this review, we critically evaluate the available literature on individual ESSs, aiming to identify common problems related to environmental quality/risk assessment, remediation approaches, and environmental regulation for these soils. Based on these findings, we highlight the challenges to, and possible solutions for sustainable ESS management. Contaminated land has been rapidly expanding since the first industrial revolution from the industrialized Western countries to the emerging industrialized Asia and other parts of the world. Clean-up of contaminated lands and slowdown of their expansion require concerted international efforts to develop advanced cleaner production and cost-effective soil remediation technologies in addition to improvement of environmental legislation, regulatory enforcement, financial instruments, and stakeholder involvement to create enabling environments. Two particular areas require further action and research efforts: developing a universal system for assessing ESS quality and improving the cost-effectiveness of remediation technologies. We propose an integrated framework for deriving ESS quality indicators and make suggestions for future research directions to improve the performance of soil remediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyi Niu
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chuxia Lin
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
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Mit N, Cherednichenko O, Mussayeva A, Khamdiyeva O, Amirgalieva A, Begmanova M, Tolebaeva A, Koishekenova G, Zaypanova S, Pilyugina A, Amandykova M, Tlenshieva A, Nurzhanova A, Mamirova A, Bekmanov B, Djansugurova L. Ecological risk assessment and long-term environmental pollution caused by obsolete undisposed organochlorine pesticides. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:490-502. [PMID: 34019462 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1913931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Obsolete organochlorine pesticides (OSPs) are currently prohibited as persistent organic pollutants that contaminate the environment. If undisposed, they continue to pollute soil and water, to accumulate in the food chain and to harm plants, animals and the human body. The aim of the study was to assess water and soil pollution around the storehouses of undisposed, banned OSPs and their possible genotoxic effect. The storehouses in four villages near Almaty, Kazakhstan were investigated. Chemical analysis confirmed contamination of water and soil around storehouses with OSPs. The genotoxic effect of water and soil samples was evaluated using model objects: S.typhymurium, D.melanogaster, sheep lymphocytes cultures and human lymphocytes cultures. It was found that water and soil samples caused mutagenic effect in all model systems. They increased the frequency of revertants in Salmonella, the frequency of lethal mutations in Drosophila chromosomes, and the frequency of chromosome aberrations in cultures of human and sheep lymphocytes. Although a genotoxic effect was demonstrated for each of these models, various models showed different sensitivity to the effects of pesticides and they varied degree of response. The association between the total content of OCPs in soil and the level of mutations for different model systems was discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Mit
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Department of molecular genetics, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Oksana Cherednichenko
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Department of genetic monitoring, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Aizhan Mussayeva
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Department of animal genetics and cytogenetics, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ozada Khamdiyeva
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Department of experimental mutagenesis, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Almira Amirgalieva
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Department of molecular genetics, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Mamura Begmanova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Department of molecular genetics, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Anar Tolebaeva
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Department of molecular genetics, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulshat Koishekenova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Department of experimental mutagenesis, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Saule Zaypanova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Department of experimental mutagenesis, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Anastassiya Pilyugina
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Department of genetic monitoring, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Makpal Amandykova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Department of animal genetics and cytogenetics, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Kazakh National University by al-Farabi, biological faculty, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Arshyn Tlenshieva
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Department of animal genetics and cytogenetics, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Asil Nurzhanova
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Department of plant physiology and biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Aigerim Mamirova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Department of experimental mutagenesis, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Kazakh National University by al-Farabi, biological faculty, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Bakhytzhan Bekmanov
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Department of molecular genetics, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Kazakh National University by al-Farabi, biological faculty, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Leyla Djansugurova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Department of molecular genetics, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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