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Wei L, He H, Yang S, Shi Q, Wang X, Huang L, Lu J, Shen Y, Zhi K, Xiang J, Chen C, Mo J, Zheng Z, Zou Y, Yang X, Tang S, Li X, Lu C. Synergistic suppression of BDNF via epigenetic mechanism deteriorating learning and memory impairment caused by Mn and Pb co-exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 277:116365. [PMID: 38657452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play a dual role in neurotoxicity by releasing the NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in response to environmental stress. Suppression of BDNF is implicated in learning and memory impairment induced by exposure to manganese (Mn) or lead (Pb) individually. Methyl CpG Binding Protein 2 (MeCp2) and its phosphorylation status are related to BDNF suppression. Protein phosphatase2A (PP2A), a member of the serine/threonine phosphatases family, dephosphorylates substrates based on the methylation state of its catalytic C subunit (PP2Ac). However, the specific impairment patterns and molecular mechanisms resulting from co-exposure to Mn and Pb remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effects of Mn and Pb exposure, alone and in combination, on inducing neurotoxicity in the hippocampus of mice and BV2 cells, and to determine whether simultaneous exposure to both metals exacerbate their toxicity. Our findings reveal that co-exposure to Mn and Pb leads to severe learning and memory impairment in mice, which correlates with the accumulation of metals in the hippocampus and synergistic suppression of BDNF. This suppression is accompanied by up-regulation of the epigenetic repressor MeCp2 and its phosphorylation status, as well as demethylation of PP2Ac. Furthermore, inhibition of PP2Ac demethylation using ABL127, an inhibitor for its protein phosphatase methylesterase1 (PME1), or knockdown of MeCp2 via siRNA transfection in vitro effectively increases BDNF expression and mitigates BV2 cell damage induced by Mn and Pb co-exposure. We also observe abnormal activation of microglia characterized by enhanced release of the NLRP3 inflammasome, Casepase-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, in the hippocampus of mice and BV2 cells. In summary, our experiments demonstrate that simultaneous exposure to Mn and Pb results in more severe hippocampus-dependent learning and memory impairment, which is attributed to epigenetic suppression of BDNF mediated by PP2A regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lancheng Wei
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hongjian He
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shuting Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Qianqian Shi
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xinhang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University) , Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Liyuan Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jianyong Lu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yinghui Shen
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Kaikai Zhi
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Junni Xiang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Chengying Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jiao Mo
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhijian Zheng
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shen Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University) , Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Xiyi Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Cailing Lu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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Wang J, Yao N, Chen Y, Li X, Jiang Z. Research progress of cGAS-STING signaling pathway in intestinal diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 135:112271. [PMID: 38762923 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signal has drawn much consideration due to its sensitivity to DNA in innate immune mechanisms. Activation of the cGAS-STIN signaling pathway induces the production of interferon and inflammatory cytokines, resulting in immune responses, or inflammatory diseases. The intestinal tract is a vital organ for the body's nutrition absorption, recent studies have had various points of view on the job of cGAS-STING pathway in various intestinal sicknesses. Therefore, understanding its role and mechanism in the intestinal environment can help to develop new strategies for the treatment of intestinal diseases. This article examines the mechanism of the cGAS-STING pathway and its function in inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal cancer, and long-injury ischemia-reperfusion, lists the current medications that target it for the treatment of intestinal diseases, and discusses the impact of intestinal flora on this signaling pathway, to offer a theoretical and scientific foundation for upcoming targeted therapies for intestinal disorders via the cGAS-STING pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Naiqi Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China
| | - Yonghu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Xuezheng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China; Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China
| | - Zhe Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China; Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China.
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Aschner M, Martins AC, Oliveira-Paula GH, Skalny AV, Zaitseva IP, Bowman AB, Kirichuk AA, Santamaria A, Tizabi Y, Tinkov AA. Manganese in autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: The state of the art. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 6:100170. [PMID: 38737010 PMCID: PMC11088232 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present narrative review was to synthesize existing clinical and epidemiological findings linking manganese (Mn) exposure biomarkers to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to discuss key pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders that may be affected by this metal. Existing epidemiological data demonstrated both direct and inverse association between Mn body burden and ASD, or lack of any relationship. In contrast, the majority of studies revealed significantly higher Mn levels in subjects with ADHD, as well as direct relationship between Mn body burden with hyperactivity and inattention scores in children, although several studies reported contradictory results. Existing laboratory studies demonstrated that impaired attention and hyperactivity in animals following Mn exposure was associated with dopaminergic dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Despite lack of direct evidence on Mn-induced neurobiological alterations in patients with ASD and ADHD, a plethora of studies demonstrated that neurotoxic effects of Mn overexposure may interfere with key mechanisms of pathogenesis inherent to these neurodevelopmental disorders. Specifically, Mn overload was shown to impair not only dopaminergic neurotransmission, but also affect metabolism of glutamine/glutamate, GABA, serotonin, noradrenaline, thus affecting neuronal signaling. In turn, neurotoxic effects of Mn may be associated with its ability to induce oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation, and/or impair neurogenesis. Nonetheless, additional detailed studies are required to evaluate the association between environmental Mn exposure and/or Mn body burden and neurodevelopmental disorders at a wide range of concentrations to estimate the potential dose-dependent effects, as well as environmental and genetic factors affecting this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- Department of Medical Elementology, and Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Irina P. Zaitseva
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
| | - Anatoly A. Kirichuk
- Department of Medical Elementology, and Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología y Nanomedicina, Departamento de Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Department of Medical Elementology, and Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
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Sun X, Zhou X, He W, Sun W, Xu Z. Co-Housing and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Technical Support for TCM Herbal Treatment of Extra-Intestinal Diseases Based on Gut Microbial Ecosystem Remodeling. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:3803-3831. [PMID: 38155743 PMCID: PMC10753978 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s443462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the gut microbial ecosystem (GME) (eg, alterations in the gut microbiota, gut-derived metabolites, and gut barrier) may contribute to the onset and progression of extra-intestinal diseases. Previous studies have found that Traditional Chinese Medicine herbs (TCMs) play an important role in manipulating the GME, but a prominent obstacle in current TCM research is the causal relationship between GME and disease amelioration. Encouragingly, co-housing and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) provide evidence-based support for TCMs to treat extra-intestinal diseases by targeting GME. In this review, we documented the principles, operational procedures, applications and limitations of the key technologies (ie, co-housing and FMT); furthermore, we provided evidence that TCM works through the GME, especially the gut microbiota (eg, SCFA- and BSH-producing bacteria), the gut-derived metabolites (eg, IS, pCS, and SCFAs), and intestinal barrier to alleviate extra-intestinal diseases. This will be beneficial in constructing microecological pathways for TCM treatment of extra-intestinal diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Sun
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhou
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiming He
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Cheng H, Villahoz BF, Ponzio RD, Aschner M, Chen P. Signaling Pathways Involved in Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity. Cells 2023; 12:2842. [PMID: 38132161 PMCID: PMC10742340 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, but insufficient or excessive bodily amounts can induce neurotoxicity. Mn can directly increase neuronal insulin and activate insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors. As an important cofactor, Mn regulates signaling pathways involved in various enzymes. The IGF signaling pathway plays a protective role in the neurotoxicity of Mn, reducing apoptosis in neurons and motor deficits by regulating its downstream protein kinase B (Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In recent years, some new mechanisms related to neuroinflammation have been shown to also play an important role in Mn-induced neurotoxicity. For example, DNA-sensing receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cCAS) and its downstream signal efficient interferon gene stimulator (STING), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)-pro-caspase1, cleaves to the active form capase1 (CASP1), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), sirtuin (SIRT), and Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducers and activators of the transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. Moreover, autophagy, as an important downstream protein degradation pathway, determines the fate of neurons and is regulated by these upstream signals. Interestingly, the role of autophagy in Mn-induced neurotoxicity is bidirectional. This review summarizes the molecular signaling pathways of Mn-induced neurotoxicity, providing insight for further understanding of the mechanisms of Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (H.C.); (B.F.V.); (R.D.P.); (M.A.)
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Guha L, Agnihotri TG, Jain A, Kumar H. Gut microbiota and traumatic central nervous system injuries: Insights into pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches. Life Sci 2023; 334:122193. [PMID: 37865177 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury are two distinct but fundamentally similar types of acute insults to the central nervous system (CNS) that often culminate in death or cognitive and motor impairment. Over the past decade, researchers have tapped into research to discover the potential role being played by gut bacteria in CNS. After an acute CNS injury, the altered composition of the gut microbiota disturbs the balance of the bidirectional gut-brain axis, aggravating secondary CNS injury, motor dysfunctions, and cognitive deficits, which worsens the patient's prognosis. Some of the well-known therapeutic interventions which can also be used as adjuvant therapy for alleviating CNS injuries include, the use of pro and prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and microbial engineering. In this review, we aim to discuss the importance of gut microbes in our nervous system, anatomy, and signaling pathways involved in regulating the gut-brain axis, the alteration of the gut microbiome in CNS injuries, and the therapeutic strategies to target gut microbiomes in traumatic CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahanya Guha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Tejas Girish Agnihotri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Aakanchha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India.
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Li T, Tang Q, Xu J, Ye X, Chen K, Zhong J, Zhu J, Lu S, Zhu T. Apelin-Overexpressing Neural Stem Cells in Conjunction with a Silk Fibroin Nanofiber Scaffold for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. Stem Cells Dev 2023; 32:539-553. [PMID: 37261998 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), especially moderate or severe TBI, is one of the most devastating injuries to the nervous system, as the existing therapies for neurological defect repair have difficulty achieving satisfactory results. Neural stem cells (NSCs) therapy is a potentially effective treatment option, especially after specific genetic modifications and when used in combination with biomimetic biological scaffolds. In this study, tussah silk fibroin (TSF) scaffolds with interconnected nanofibrous structures were fabricated using a top-down method. We constructed the apelin-overexpressing NSCs that were cocultured with a TSF nanofiber scaffold (TSFNS) that simulated the extracellular matrix in vitro. To verify the therapeutic efficacy of engineered NSCs in vivo, we constructed TBI models and randomized the C57BL/6 mice into three groups: a control group, an NSC-ctrl group (transplantation of NSCs integrated on TSFNS), and an NSC-apelin group (transplantation of apelin-overexpressing NSCs integrated on TSFNS). The neurological functions of the model mice were evaluated in stages. Specimens were obtained 24 days after transplantation for immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blot experiments, and statistical analysis was performed. The results showed that the combination of the TSFNS and apelin overexpression guided extension and elevated the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the transplantation of TSFNS-NSCs-Apelin reduced lesion volume, enhanced angiogenesis, inhibited neuronal apoptosis, reduced blood-brain barrier damage, and mitigated neuroinflammation. In summary, TSFNS-NSC-Apelin therapy could build a microenvironment that is more conducive to neural repair to promote the recovery of injured neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosurgery, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Qisheng Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosurgery, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- Endoscopy Centre and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangru Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosurgery, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Kezhu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosurgery, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosurgery, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhong Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosurgery, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijun Lu
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tongming Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosurgery, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
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Mitra S, Munni YA, Dash R, Sadhu T, Barua L, Islam MA, Chowdhury D, Bhattacharjee D, Mazumder K, Moon IS. Gut Microbiota in Autophagy Regulation: New Therapeutic Perspective in Neurodegeneration. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040957. [PMID: 37109487 PMCID: PMC10144697 DOI: 10.3390/life13040957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota and the brain are related via a complex bidirectional interconnective network. Thus, intestinal homeostasis is a crucial factor for the brain, as it can control the environment of the central nervous system and play a significant role in disease progression. The link between neuropsychological behavior or neurodegeneration and gut dysbiosis is well established, but many involved pathways remain unknown. Accumulating studies showed that metabolites derived from gut microbiota are involved in the autophagy activation of various organs, including the brain, one of the major pathways of the protein clearance system that is essential for protein aggregate clearance. On the other hand, some metabolites are evidenced to disrupt the autophagy process, which can be a modulator of neurodegeneration. However, the detailed mechanism of autophagy regulation by gut microbiota remains elusive, and little research only focused on that. Here we tried to evaluate the crosstalk between gut microbiota metabolites and impaired autophagy of the central nervous system in neurodegeneration and the key to future research regarding gut dysbiosis and compromised autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Mitra
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeasmin Akter Munni
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Toma Sadhu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Asian University for Women, Chittagong 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Largess Barua
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Md. Ariful Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Dipannita Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Debpriya Bhattacharjee
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus Senftenberg, D-03013 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Kishor Mazumder
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
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A Taxonomy-Agnostic Approach to Targeted Microbiome Therapeutics-Leveraging Principles of Systems Biology. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020238. [PMID: 36839510 PMCID: PMC9959781 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of human microbiomes has yielded insights into basic science, and applied therapeutics are emerging. However, conflicting definitions of what microbiomes are and how they affect the health of the "host" are less understood. A major impediment towards systematic design, discovery, and implementation of targeted microbiome therapeutics is the continued reliance on taxonomic indicators to define microbiomes in health and disease. Such reliance often confounds analyses, potentially suggesting associations where there are none, and conversely failing to identify significant, causal relationships. This review article discusses recent discoveries pointing towards a molecular understanding of microbiome "dysbiosis" and away from a purely taxonomic approach. We highlight the growing role of systems biological principles in the complex interrelationships between the gut microbiome and host cells, and review current approaches commonly used in targeted microbiome therapeutics, including fecal microbial transplant, bacteriophage therapies, and the use of metabolic toxins to selectively eliminate specific taxa from dysbiotic microbiomes. These approaches, however, remain wholly or partially dependent on the bacterial taxa involved in dysbiosis, and therefore may not capitalize fully on many therapeutic opportunities presented at the bioactive molecular level. New technologies capable of addressing microbiome-associated diseases as molecular problems, if solved, will open possibilities of new classes and categories of targeted microbiome therapeutics aimed, in principle, at all dysbiosis-driven disorders.
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Zhang X, Liu J, Wang H. The cGAS-STING-autophagy pathway: Novel perspectives in neurotoxicity induced by manganese exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120412. [PMID: 36240967 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic high-level heavy metal exposure increases the risk of developing different neurodegenerative diseases. Chronic excessive manganese (Mn) exposure is known to lead to neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, some evidence suggests that autophagy dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. Over the past decade, the DNA-sensing receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and its downstream signal-efficient interferon gene stimulator (STING), as well as the molecular composition and regulatory mechanisms of this pathway have been well understood. The cGAS-STING pathway has emerged as a crucial mechanism to induce effective innate immune responses by inducing type I interferons in mammalian cells. Moreover, recent studies have found that Mn2+ is the second activator of the cGAS-STING pathway besides dsDNA, and inducing autophagy is a primitive function for the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. However, overactivation of the immune response can lead to tissue damage. This review discusses the mechanism of neurotoxicity induced by Mn exposure from the cGAS-STING-autophagy pathway. Future work exploiting the cGAS-STING-autophagy pathway may provide a novel perspective for manganese neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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