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Abstract
Production of metals stands for 40% of all industrial greenhouse gas emissions, 10% of the global energy consumption, 3.2 billion tonnes of minerals mined, and several billion tonnes of by-products every year. Therefore, metals must become more sustainable. A circular economy model does not work, because market demand exceeds the available scrap currently by about two-thirds. Even under optimal conditions, at least one-third of the metals will also in the future come from primary production, creating huge emissions. Although the influence of metals on global warming has been discussed with respect to mitigation strategies and socio-economic factors, the fundamental materials science to make the metallurgical sector more sustainable has been less addressed. This may be attributed to the fact that the field of sustainable metals describes a global challenge, but not yet a homogeneous research field. However, the sheer magnitude of this challenge and its huge environmental effects, caused by more than 2 billion tonnes of metals produced every year, make its sustainability an essential research topic not only from a technological point of view but also from a basic materials research perspective. Therefore, this paper aims to identify and discuss the most pressing scientific bottleneck questions and key mechanisms, considering metal synthesis from primary (minerals), secondary (scrap), and tertiary (re-mined) sources as well as the energy-intensive downstream processing. Focus is placed on materials science aspects, particularly on those that help reduce CO2 emissions, and less on process engineering or economy. The paper does not describe the devastating influence of metal-related greenhouse gas emissions on climate, but scientific approaches how to solve this problem, through research that can render metallurgy fossil-free. The content is considering only direct measures to metallurgical sustainability (production) and not indirect measures that materials leverage through their properties (strength, weight, longevity, functionality).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dierk Raabe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
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2
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Acetoacetate Production from CO2 and Acetone with Acetone Carboxylase from Photosynthetic Bacteria Rhodobacter Capsulatus. CATALYSIS SURVEYS FROM ASIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10563-022-09371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
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3
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Rashid MI, Benhelal E, Anderberg L, Farhang F, Oliver T, Rayson MS, Stockenhuber M. Aqueous carbonation of peridotites for carbon utilisation: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:75161-75183. [PMID: 36129648 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Peridotite and serpentinites can be used to sequester CO2 emissions through mineral carbonation. Olivine dissolution rate is directly proportional with temperature, presence of CO2, surface area of mineral particles and presence of ligands and is inversely proportional to pH. Olivine dissolution is better under air flow and increases seven times when rock-inhibiting fungus (Knufia petricola) is used. Olivine dissolution retards as silica layers form during reaction. Sonication, acoustic and concurrent grinding using various grinding medias have been used to artificially break these silica layers and achieve high magnesium extraction. Wet grinding using 50 wt.% ethanol enhanced CO2 uptake of dunite 6.9 times and CO2 uptake of harzburgite by 4.5 times. The best economical process is single-stage concurrent grinding at 130 bar, 185 °C, 15 wt.% solids and 50 wt.% grinding media (zirconia) using 0.64 M NaHCO3. Ratio of grinding media to feed should not be less than 3:1. Yield increases with temperature, pressure, time of reaction, pH and rpm and using additives and grinding media and reducing particle size. This review aims to investigate the progress from 1970s to 2021 on aqueous mineral carbonation of olivine and its naturally available rocks (harzburgite and dunite). This paper comprehensively reviews all aspects of olivine carbonation including olivine dissolution kinetics, effects of grinding and concurrent grinding, thermal activation of olivine feedstock (dunites and harzburgites) as well as chemistry of olivine mineral carbonation. The effects of different reaction parameters on the carbonation yield, role of mineral carbonation accelerators and costs of mineral carbonation process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Rashid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, (New Campus), Lahore, 39021, Pakistan.
| | - Emad Benhelal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Leo Anderberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Faezeh Farhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Timothy Oliver
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mark Stuart Rayson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Michael Stockenhuber
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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4
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Crystal facet-dependent electrocatalytic performance of metallic Cu in CO2 reduction reactions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Okoye-Chine CG, Otun K, Shiba N, Rashama C, Ugwu SN, Onyeaka H, Okeke CT. Conversion of carbon dioxide into fuels—A review. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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6
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Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Qian L, Luo D, Dou H, Wen G, Yu A, Chen Z. Emerging Trends in Sustainable CO 2 -Management Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201547. [PMID: 35307897 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the rising level of atmospheric CO2 worsening climate change, a promising global movement toward carbon neutrality is forming. Sustainable CO2 management based on carbon capture and utilization (CCU) has garnered considerable interest due to its critical role in resolving emission-control and energy-supply challenges. Here, a comprehensive review is presented that summarizes the state-of-the-art progress in developing promising materials for sustainable CO2 management in terms of not only capture, catalytic conversion (thermochemistry, electrochemistry, photochemistry, and possible combinations), and direct utilization, but also emerging integrated capture and in situ conversion as well as artificial-intelligence-driven smart material study. In particular, insights that span multiple scopes of material research are offered, ranging from mechanistic comprehension of reactions, rational design and precise manipulation of key materials (e.g., carbon nanomaterials, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, zeolites, ionic liquids), to industrial implementation. This review concludes with a summary and new perspectives, especially from multiple aspects of society, which summarizes major difficulties and future potential for implementing advanced materials and technologies in sustainable CO2 management. This work may serve as a guideline and road map for developing CCU material systems, benefiting both scientists and engineers working in this growing and potentially game-changing area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yun Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Lanting Qian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Haozhen Dou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Guobin Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Aiping Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Chehrazi M, Moghadas BK. A review on CO2 capture with chilled ammonia and CO2 utilization in urea plant. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Li L, Ling TC, Pan SY. Environmental benefit assessment of steel slag utilization and carbonation: A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150280. [PMID: 34560457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in steel slag generation globally highlights the urgent need to manage the disposal or utilization processes. In addition to conventional landfill disposal, researchers have successfully reused steel slag in the construction, chemical, and agricultural fields. With the large portions of alkaline silicate mineral content, steel slag can also be used as a suitable material for carbon capture to mitigate global warming. This article comprehensively reviews the environmental performance of steel slag utilization, especially emphasizing quantitative evaluation using life cycle assessment. This paper first illustrates the production processes, properties, and applications of steel slag, and then summarizes the key findings of the environmental benefits for steel slag utilization using life cycle assessment from the reviewed literature. This paper also identifies the limitations of quantifying the environmental benefits using life cycle assessment. The results indicate steel slag is largely utilized in pavement concrete and/or block as a substitution for natural aggregates. The associated environmental benefits are mostly attributed to the avoidance of the large amount of cement utilized. The environmental benefits for the substitution of traditional energy-intensive material and carbonation treatment are further discussed in detail. Due to the presence of heavy metals, the potential risks to human and ecological health caused by the manufacturing process and usage stage are examined. Finally, the current challenges and global social implications for steel slag valorization are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufan Li
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, China
| | - Tung-Chai Ling
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, China.
| | - Shu-Yuan Pan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10673, Taiwan, ROC
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Factors controlling and influencing polymorphism, morphology and size of calcium carbonate synthesized through the carbonation route: A review. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.117050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Batuecas E, Liendo F, Tommasi T, Bensaid S, Deorsola F, Fino D. Recycling CO2 from flue gas for CaCO3 nanoparticles production as cement filler: A Life Cycle Assessment. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gao N, Quiroz-Arita C, Diaz LA, Lister TE. Intensified co-electrolysis process for syngas production from captured CO2. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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12
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Critical Analysis and Evaluation of the Technology Pathways for Carbon Capture and Utilization. CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cleantechnol2040031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) is the process of capturing unwanted carbon dioxide (CO2) and utilizing for further use. CCU offers significant potential as part of a sustainable circular economy solution to help mitigate the impact of climate change resulting from the burning of hydrocarbons and alongside adoption of other renewable energy technologies. However, implementation of CCU technologies faces a number of challenges, including identifying optimal pathways, technology maturity, economic viability, environmental considerations as well as regulatory and public perception issues. Consequently, this research study provides a critical analysis and evaluation of the technology pathways for CCU in order to explore the potential from a circular economy perspective of this emerging area of clean technology. This includes a bibliographic study on CCU, evaluation of carbon utilization processes, trend estimation of CO2 usage as well as evaluation of methane and methanol production. A value chain analysis is provided to support the development of CCU technologies. The research study aims to inform policy-makers engaged in developing strategies to mitigate climate change through reduced carbon dioxide emission levels and improve our understanding of the circular economy considerations of CCU in regard to production of alternative products. The study will also be of use to researchers concerned with pursuing empirical investigations of this important area of sustainability.
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Methodology to Calculate the CO2 Emission Reduction at the Coal-Fired Power Plant: CO2 Capture and Utilization Applying Technology of Mineral Carbonation. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study introduces a novel methodology to calculate the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reduction related to residual emissions, calculating the CO2 emission reduction through a 2 MW (40 tCO2/day) carbon capture and utilization (CCU) plant installed at a 500 MW coal-fired power plant in operation, to evaluate the accuracy, maintainability, and reliability of the quantified reduction. By applying the developed methodology to calculate the CO2 emission reduction, the established amount of CO2 reduction in the mineral carbonation was evaluated through recorded measurement and monitoring data of the 2 MW CCU plant at the operating coal-fired plant. To validate the reduction, the accuracy, reproducibility, consistency, and maintainability of the reduction should be secured, and based on these qualifications, it is necessary to evaluate the contribution rate of nationally determined contributions (NDCs) in each country. This fundamental study establishes the concept of CCU CO2 reduction and quantifies the reduction to obtain the validation of each country for the reduction. The established concept of the CCU in this study can also be applied to other CCU systems to calculate the reduction, thereby providing an opportunity for CCU technology to contribute to the NDCs in each country and invigorate the technology.
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14
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Comparison of Two Processes Forming CaCO3 Precipitates by Electrolysis. ENERGIES 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/en9121052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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The Potential of CO2 Capture and Storage Technology in South Africa’s Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plants. ENVIRONMENTS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/environments3030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Gönen M, Nyankson E, Gupta RB. Boric Acid Production from Colemanite Together with ex Situ CO2 Sequestration. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Gönen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Süleyman Demirel University, Batı Yerleşkesi, Isparta 32260, Turkey
- Chemical
and Life Science Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United States
| | - Emmanuel Nyankson
- Chemical
and Life Science Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ghana, LG 25, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Ram B. Gupta
- Chemical
and Life Science Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United States
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18
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Cuéllar-Franca RM, Azapagic A. Carbon capture, storage and utilisation technologies: A critical analysis and comparison of their life cycle environmental impacts. J CO2 UTIL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 849] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Jung S, Wang LP, Dodbiba G, Fujita T. Two-step accelerated mineral carbonation and decomposition analysis for the reduction of CO₂ emission in the eco-industrial parks. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:1411-1422. [PMID: 25079989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions are a leading contributor to the negative effects of global warming. Globally, research has focused on effective means of reducing and mitigating CO₂ emissions. In this study, we examined the efficacy of eco-industrial parks (EIPs) and accelerated mineral carbonation techniques in reducing CO₂ emissions in South Korea. First, we used Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) analysis to determine the trends in carbon production and mitigation at the existing EIPs. We found that, although CO₂ was generated as byproducts and wastes of production at these EIPs, improved energy intensity effects occurred at all EIPs, and we strongly believe that EIPs are a strong alternative to traditional industrial complexes for reducing net carbon emissions. We also examined the optimal conditions for using accelerated mineral carbonation to dispose of hazardous fly ash produced through the incineration of municipal solid wastes at these EIPs. We determined that this technique most efficiently sequestered CO₂ when micro-bubbling, low flow rate inlet gas, and ammonia additives were employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Jung
- Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Li Pang Wang
- Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Gjergj Dodbiba
- Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Toyohisa Fujita
- Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Han JH, Ahn YC, Lee JU, Lee IB. Optimal strategy for carbon capture and storage infrastructure: A review. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-012-0083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Fagerlund J, Highfield J, Zevenhoven R. Kinetics studies on wet and dry gas–solid carbonation of MgO and Mg(OH)2 for CO2 sequestration. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21428h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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22
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Khoo HH, Sharratt PN, Bu J, Yeo TY, Borgna A, Highfield JG, Björklöf TG, Zevenhoven R. Carbon Capture and Mineralization in Singapore: Preliminary Environmental Impacts and Costs via LCA. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie200592h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsien H. Khoo
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833 Singapore
| | - Paul N. Sharratt
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833 Singapore
| | - Jie Bu
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833 Singapore
| | - Tze Y. Yeo
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833 Singapore
| | - Armando Borgna
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833 Singapore
| | - James G. Highfield
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833 Singapore
| | - Thomas G. Björklöf
- Thermal and Flow Engineering Laboratory, Abo Akademi University, Piispankatu 8, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Ron Zevenhoven
- Thermal and Flow Engineering Laboratory, Abo Akademi University, Piispankatu 8, 20500 Turku, Finland
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