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Mansoorian S, Schmidt M, Weissmann T, Delev D, Heiland DH, Coras R, Stritzelberger J, Saake M, Höfler D, Schubert P, Schmitter C, Lettmaier S, Filimonova I, Frey B, Gaipl US, Distel LV, Semrau S, Bert C, Eze C, Schönecker S, Belka C, Blümcke I, Uder M, Schnell O, Dörfler A, Fietkau R, Putz F. Reirradiation for recurrent glioblastoma: the significance of the residual tumor volume. J Neurooncol 2025:10.1007/s11060-025-05042-9. [PMID: 40310485 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-025-05042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2025] [Accepted: 04/09/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recurrent glioblastoma has a poor prognosis, and its optimal management remains unclear. Reirradiation (re-RT) is a promising treatment option, but long-term outcomes and optimal patient selection criteria are not well established. METHODS This study analyzed 71 patients with recurrent CNS WHO grade 4, IDHwt glioblastoma (GBM) who underwent re-RT at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg between January 2009 and June 2019. Imaging follow-ups were conducted every 3 months. Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined using RANO criteria. Outcomes, feasibility, and toxicity of re-RT were evaluated. Contrast-enhancing tumor volume was measured using a deep learning auto-segmentation pipeline with expert validation and jointly evaluated with clinical and molecular-pathologic factors. RESULTS Most patients were prescribed conventionally fractionated re-RT (84.5%) with 45 Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions, combined with temozolomide (TMZ, 49.3%) or lomustine (CCNU, 12.7%). Re-RT was completed as planned in 94.4% of patients. After a median follow-up of 73.8 months, 88.7% of patients had died. The median overall survival was 9.6 months, and the median progression-free survival was 5.3 months. Multivariate analysis identified residual contrast-enhancing tumor volume at re-RT (HR 1.040 per cm3, p < 0.001) as the single dominant predictor of overall survival. CONCLUSION Conventional fractionated re-RT is a feasible and effective treatment for recurrent high-grade glioma. The significant prognostic impact of residual tumor volume highlights the importance of combining maximum-safe resection with re-RT for improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Mansoorian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Schmidt
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Weissmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Delev
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dieter Henrik Heiland
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Coras
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jenny Stritzelberger
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marc Saake
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Höfler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Schubert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Charlotte Schmitter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lettmaier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Irina Filimonova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Luitpold V Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Semrau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Bert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Chukwuka Eze
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Schönecker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Ingmar Blümcke
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Schnell
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Putz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitaetsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany.
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Mut M, Zengin HY, Azizova A, Askun CS, Schiff D, Soylemezoglu F. Repeat Resection for Recurrent Glioblastoma in the WHO 2021 Era: A Longitudinal Matched Case-Control Study. Brain Sci 2025; 15:463. [PMID: 40426634 PMCID: PMC12109614 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci15050463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2025] [Revised: 04/19/2025] [Accepted: 04/26/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the overall survival benefits of repeat resection in patients with recurrent glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype (rGBM), and to identify factors for long-term survival, including the role of clinical, radiological, and molecular parameters. METHODS This longitudinal matched case-control study included 60 patients with rGBM divided into two groups: one surgery (n = 30) and repeat resection (n = 30). The baseline characteristics, preoperative and postoperative volumes, and molecular markers were assessed. Survival analyses were conducted using the Log-rank test, and associated factors with long-term survival were identified in the repeat resection cohort. RESULTS The patients who underwent repeat resection had a significantly longer median survival of 23.9 months compared to 9.2 months in the one-surgery group (p < 0.001). Preoperative tumor volume was found to correlate with postoperative residual volume in repeat resections. The patients with no residual contrast-enhancing tumor volume (0 cm3) after repeat resection had a median survival of 19.33 months, while those with any residual volume had a median survival of 10.13 months. The patients with lower KPS (≤70) and GCS (≤13) scores at the time of the repeat resection tended to have shorter survival, underscoring the potential clinical relevance of functional status when evaluating surgical candidacy. CONCLUSIONS Complete repeat resection may improve overall survival in patients with recurrent IDH-wildtype GBM and should be considered earlier as a therapeutic option rather than a diagnostic or salvage procedure. Early surgical intervention, before declines in the KPS and GCS or tumor volumes become unmanageable, may lead to better outcomes. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Mut
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Hatice Yagmur Zengin
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Aynur Azizova
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine Department, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Savas Askun
- Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - David Schiff
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Figen Soylemezoglu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
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Woo PYM, Law THP, Lee KKY, Chow JSW, Li LF, Lau SSN, Chan TKT, Ho JMK, Lee MWY, Chan DTM, Poon WS. Repeat resection for recurrent glioblastoma in the temozolomide era: a real-world multi-centre study. Br J Neurosurg 2024; 38:1381-1389. [PMID: 36654527 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2023.2167931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In contrast to standard-of-care treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma, there is limited consensus on therapy upon disease progression. The role of resection for recurrent glioblastoma remains unclear. This study aimed to identify factors for overall survival (OS) and post-progression survival (PPS) as well as to validate an existing prediction model. METHODS This was a multi-centre retrospective study that reviewed consecutive adult patients from 2006 to 2019 that received a repeat resection for recurrent glioblastoma. The primary endpoint was PPS defined as from the date of second surgery until death. RESULTS 1032 glioblastoma patients were identified and 190 (18%) underwent resection for recurrence. Patients that had second surgery were more likely to be younger (<70 years) (adjusted OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1-0.6), to have non-eloquent region tumours (aOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1-2.6) and received temozolomide chemoradiotherapy (aOR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1-0.4). Resection for recurrent tumour was an independent predictor for OS (aOR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.3-1.7) (mOS: 16.9 months versus 9.8 months). For patients that previously received temozolomide chemoradiotherapy and subsequent repeat resection (137, 13%), the median PPS was 9.0 months (IQR: 5.0-17.5). Independent PPS predictors for this group were a recurrent tumour volume of >50cc (aOR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-0.9), local recurrence (aOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1-3.3) and 5-ALA fluorescence-guided resection during second surgery (aOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1-2.8). A National Institutes of Health Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme Scale score of 0 conferred an mPPS of 10.0 months, a score of 1-2, 9.0 months and a score of 3, 4.0 months (log-rank test, p-value < 0.05). CONCLUSION Surgery for recurrent glioblastoma can be beneficial in selected patients and carries an acceptable morbidity rate. The pattern of recurrence influenced PPS and the NIH Recurrent GBM Scale was a reliable prognostication tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Y M Woo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tiffany H P Law
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelsey K Y Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joyce S W Chow
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lai-Fung Li
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sarah S N Lau
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tony K T Chan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason M K Ho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael W Y Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danny T M Chan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Sang Poon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Hainfellner A, Borkovec M, Seebrecht L, Neuhauser M, Roetzer-Pejrimovsky T, Greutter L, Surböck B, Hager-Seifert A, Gorka-Vom Hof D, Urbanic-Purkart T, Stultschnig M, Cijan C, Würtz F, Calabek-Wohinz B, Pichler J, Höllmüller I, Leibetseder A, Weis S, Kleindienst W, Seiberl M, Bieler L, Hecker C, Schwartz C, Iglseder S, Heugenhauser J, Nowosielski M, Thomé C, Moser P, Hoffermann M, Loibnegger K, Dieckmann K, Tomschik M, Widhalm G, Rössler K, Marosi C, Wöhrer A, Hainfellner JA, Oberndorfer S. Glioblastoma in the real-world setting: patterns of care and outcome in the Austrian population. J Neurooncol 2024; 170:407-418. [PMID: 39192069 PMCID: PMC11538164 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We present results of a retrospective population-based investigation of patterns of care and outcome of glioblastoma patients in Austria. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this nation-wide cooperative project, all Austrian glioblastoma patients newly diagnosed between 2014 and 2018 and registered in the ABTR-SANOnet database were included. Histological typing used criteria of the WHO classification of CNS tumors, 4th edition 2016. Patterns of care were assessed, and all patients were followed until the end of 2019. RESULTS 1,420 adult glioblastoma cases were identified. 813 (57.3%) patients were male and 607 (42.7%) female. Median age at diagnosis was 64 years (range: 18-88). Median overall survival (OS) was 11.6 months in the total cohort and 10.9 months in patients with proven IDH-wildtype. Median OS in the patient group ≤ 65 years receiving postoperative standard of care therapy was 16.1 months. In the patient group > 65 years with postoperative therapy, median OS was 11.2 months. Follow-up ≥ 5 years identified 13/264 (4.9%) long-term survivors. Brain tumor surgery frequently was assisted by 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence (up to 55%). Postoperative treatment was initiated around one month after surgery (median: 31 days) following standardized protocols in 1,041/1,420 (73.3%) cases. In 830 patients (58.5%), concomitant radiochemotherapy was started according to the established standard of care. Treatment in case of progressive disease was considerably variable. 170/1,420 patients (12.0%) underwent a second surgical procedure, 467 (33.0%) received systemic treatment after progression, and 173 (12.2%) were re-irradiated. CONCLUSION Our data illustrate and confirm nation-wide translation of effective standard of care to Austrian glioblastoma patients in the recent past. In the case of progressive disease, highly variable therapeutic approaches were used, most frequently accompanied by anti-angiogenic therapy. Long-term survival was observed in a minor proportion of mostly younger patients who typically had gross total tumor resection, a favorable postoperative ECOG score, and standard of care therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hainfellner
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Medical University Campus AKH 4J, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Martin Borkovec
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Medical University Campus AKH 4J, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Seebrecht
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Medical University Campus AKH 4J, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Neuhauser
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Medical University Campus AKH 4J, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Roetzer-Pejrimovsky
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Medical University Campus AKH 4J, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Greutter
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Medical University Campus AKH 4J, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Surböck
- Department of Neurology, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Clemens Cijan
- Department of Neurology, State Hospital Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Franz Würtz
- Department of Pathology, State Hospital Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | | | - Josef Pichler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Neuro-Oncology, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Isolde Höllmüller
- Department of Internal Medicine and Neuro-Oncology, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Annette Leibetseder
- Department of Neurology, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Serge Weis
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital, and Clinical Research Institute for Neurosciences, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Waltraud Kleindienst
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Seiberl
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lara Bieler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Constantin Hecker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christoph Schwartz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sarah Iglseder
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Martha Nowosielski
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudius Thomé
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrizia Moser
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Hoffermann
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Karin Loibnegger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Karin Dieckmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Tomschik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Widhalm
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Rössler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Marosi
- Division of Palliative Care, Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid Wöhrer
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Medical University Campus AKH 4J, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes A Hainfellner
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Medical University Campus AKH 4J, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Oberndorfer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital St. Pölten, Dunant-Platz 1, 3100, St. Pölten, Austria.
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Neurology and Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital St. Pölten, St. Pölten, Austria.
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Doms H, Lambert P, Legrand C. Flexible joint model for time-to-event and non-Gaussian longitudinal outcomes. Stat Methods Med Res 2024; 33:1783-1799. [PMID: 39248224 DOI: 10.1177/09622802241269010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
In medical studies, repeated measurements of biomarkers and time-to-event data are often collected during the follow-up period. To assess the association between these two outcomes, joint models are frequently considered. The most common approach uses a linear mixed model for the longitudinal part and a proportional hazard model for the survival part. The latter assumes a linear relationship between the survival covariates and the log hazard. In this work, we propose an extension allowing the inclusion of nonlinear covariate effects in the survival model using Bayesian penalized B-splines. Our model is valid for non-Gaussian longitudinal responses since we use a generalized linear mixed model for the longitudinal process. A simulation study shows that our method gives good statistical performance and highlights the importance of taking into account the possible nonlinear effects of certain survival covariates. Data from patients with a first progression of glioblastoma are analysed to illustrate the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hortense Doms
- Institut de Statistique, Biostatistique et Sciences Actuarielles, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lambert
- Institut de Statistique, Biostatistique et Sciences Actuarielles, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Institut de Mathématiques, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Catherine Legrand
- Institut de Statistique, Biostatistique et Sciences Actuarielles, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Lecce M, Rasile F, Tanzilli A, Gaviani P, Mariantonia C, Villani V, Pace A, Terrenato I, Casini B, Novello M, Telera S. Second surgery for relapsed glioblastoma: an observational study on criteria for patient selection in real life. Future Oncol 2024; 20:1565-1573. [PMID: 38861296 PMCID: PMC11457679 DOI: 10.1080/14796694.2024.2358743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: There is little consensus on salvage management of glioblastoma after recurrence, for lack of evidence.Materials & methods: A retrospective study of treatments in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.Results: Surgery at recurrence was related to better overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Surgery at recurrence, Karnofsky index, MGMT methylation status, younger age at diagnosis and number of chemotherapy cycles were positive factors for OS and PFS. The benefit of OS was relevant for a second surgery performed at least 9 months after the first one. Systemic treatments after the second surgery were linked to an improved PFS.Conclusion: Younger age, Karnofsky index, MGMT methylation status and a median time between surgeries ≥9 months may be criteria for eligibility for surgery at recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Lecce
- Neurosurgery Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Rasile
- Neurosurgery Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Tanzilli
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Gaviani
- Neuro Oncology Unit Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Carosi Mariantonia
- Pathology Unit IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Villani
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- Clinical Trial Center & Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Unit IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Casini
- Pathology Unit IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Novello
- Pathology Unit IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Telera
- Neurosurgery Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
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7
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Hudson EM, Noutch S, Webster J, Brown SR, Boele FW, Al-Salihi O, Baines H, Bulbeck H, Currie S, Fernandez S, Hughes J, Lilley J, Smith A, Parbutt C, Slevin F, Short S, Sebag-Montefiore D, Murray L. Brain Re-Irradiation Or Chemotherapy: a phase II randomised trial of re-irradiation and chemotherapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (BRIOChe) - protocol for a multi-centre open-label randomised trial. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e078926. [PMID: 38458809 PMCID: PMC11145639 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common adult primary malignant brain tumour. The condition is incurable and, despite aggressive treatment at first presentation, almost all tumours recur after a median of 7 months. The aim of treatment at recurrence is to prolong survival and maintain health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Chemotherapy is typically employed for recurrent GBM, often using nitrosourea-based regimens. However, efficacy is limited, with reported median survivals between 5 and 9 months from recurrence. Although less commonly used in the UK, there is growing evidence that re-irradiation may produce survival outcomes at least similar to nitrosourea-based chemotherapy. However, there remains uncertainty as to the optimum approach and there is a paucity of available data, especially with regards to HRQoL. Brain Re-Irradiation Or Chemotherapy (BRIOChe) aims to assess re-irradiation, as an acceptable treatment option for recurrent IDH-wild-type GBM. METHODS AND ANALYSIS BRIOChe is a phase II, multi-centre, open-label, randomised trial in patients with recurrent GBM. The trial uses Sargent's three-outcome design and will recruit approximately 55 participants from 10 to 15 UK radiotherapy sites, allocated (2:1) to receive re-irradiation (35 Gy in 10 daily fractions) or nitrosourea-based chemotherapy (up to six, 6-weekly cycles). The primary endpoint is overall survival rate for re-irradiation patients at 9 months. There will be no formal statistical comparison between treatment arms for the decision-making primary analysis. The chemotherapy arm will be used for calibration purposes, to collect concurrent data to aid interpretation of results. Secondary outcomes include HRQoL, dexamethasone requirement, anti-epileptic drug requirement, radiological response, treatment compliance, acute and late toxicities, progression-free survival. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION BRIOChe obtained ethical approval from Office for Research Ethics Committees Northern Ireland (reference no. 20/NI/0070). Final trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and adhere to the ICMJE guidelines. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN60524.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M Hudson
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Samantha Noutch
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Joanne Webster
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sarah R Brown
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Florien W Boele
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Helen Baines
- National Radiotherapy Trials QA (RTTQA) Group, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
| | | | - Stuart Currie
- Department of Radiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - Sharon Fernandez
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jane Hughes
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - John Lilley
- Department of Medical Physics, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - Alexandra Smith
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Finbar Slevin
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - Susan Short
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Louise Murray
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds, UK
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8
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Mistry AM, Daneshmand J, Seo SJ, Lehman NL, Miller DM, Goodin DA, Frieboes HB, Chen J, Masters A, Williams BJ, Yaddanapudi K. Spatially Resolved Microglia/Macrophages in Recurrent Glioblastomas Overexpress Fatty Acid Metabolism and Phagocytic Genes. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:1183-1194. [PMID: 38534921 PMCID: PMC10968993 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are rich in tumor-associated microglia/macrophages. Changes associated with treatment in this specific cell population are poorly understood. Therefore, we studied changes in gene expression of tumor-associated microglia/macrophages (Iba1+) cells in de novo versus recurrent GBMs. METHODS NanoString GeoMx® Digital Spatial Transcriptomic Profiling of microglia/macrophages (Iba1+) and glial cells (Gfap+) cells identified on tumor sections was performed on paired de novo and recurrent samples obtained from three IDH-wildtype GBM patients. The impact of differentially expressed genes on patient survival was evaluated using publicly available data. RESULTS Unsupervised analyses of the NanoString GeoMx® Digital Spatial Profiling data revealed clustering based on the transcriptomic data from Iba1+ and Gfap+ cells. As expected, conventional differential gene expression and enrichment analyses revealed upregulation of immune-function-related genes in Iba1+ cells compared to Gfap+ cells. A focused differential gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of phagocytosis and fatty acid/lipid metabolism genes in Iba1+ cells in recurrent GBM samples compared to de novo GBM samples. Importantly, of these genes, the lipid metabolism gene PLD3 consistently correlated with survival in multiple different publicly available datasets. CONCLUSION Tumor-associated microglia/macrophages in recurrent GBM overexpress genes involved in fatty acid/lipid metabolism. Further investigation is needed to fully delineate the role of PLD phospholipases in GBM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshitkumar M. Mistry
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (S.J.S.); (B.J.W.)
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (D.M.M.); (H.B.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Jonah Daneshmand
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - SeonYeong Jamie Seo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (S.J.S.); (B.J.W.)
| | - Norman L. Lehman
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Donald M. Miller
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (D.M.M.); (H.B.F.); (A.M.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Dylan A. Goodin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (D.A.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Hermann B. Frieboes
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (D.M.M.); (H.B.F.); (A.M.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (D.A.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Joseph Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (D.A.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Adrianna Masters
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (D.M.M.); (H.B.F.); (A.M.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Brian J. Williams
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (S.J.S.); (B.J.W.)
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (D.M.M.); (H.B.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Kavitha Yaddanapudi
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (D.M.M.); (H.B.F.); (A.M.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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9
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Stepanenko AA, Sosnovtseva AO, Valikhov MP, Chernysheva AA, Abramova OV, Naumenko VA, Chekhonin VP. The need for paradigm shift: prognostic significance and implications of standard therapy-related systemic immunosuppression in glioblastoma for immunotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1326757. [PMID: 38390330 PMCID: PMC10881776 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1326757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in our knowledge regarding the genetics and molecular biology of gliomas over the past two decades and hundreds of clinical trials, no effective therapeutic approach has been identified for adult patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma, and overall survival remains dismal. Great hopes are now placed on combination immunotherapy. In clinical trials, immunotherapeutics are generally tested after standard therapy (radiation, temozolomide, and steroid dexamethasone) or concurrently with temozolomide and/or steroids. Only a minor subset of patients with progressive/recurrent glioblastoma have benefited from immunotherapies. In this review, we comprehensively discuss standard therapy-related systemic immunosuppression and lymphopenia, their prognostic significance, and the implications for immunotherapy/oncolytic virotherapy. The effectiveness of immunotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy (viro-immunotherapy) critically depends on the activity of the host immune cells. The absolute counts, ratios, and functional states of different circulating and tumor-infiltrating immune cell subsets determine the net immune fitness of patients with cancer and may have various effects on tumor progression, therapeutic response, and survival outcomes. Although different immunosuppressive mechanisms operate in patients with glioblastoma/gliomas at presentation, the immunological competence of patients may be significantly compromised by standard therapy, exacerbating tumor-related systemic immunosuppression. Standard therapy affects diverse immune cell subsets, including dendritic, CD4+, CD8+, natural killer (NK), NKT, macrophage, neutrophil, and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC). Systemic immunosuppression and lymphopenia limit the immune system's ability to target glioblastoma. Changes in the standard therapy are required to increase the success of immunotherapies. Steroid use, high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and low post-treatment total lymphocyte count (TLC) are significant prognostic factors for shorter survival in patients with glioblastoma in retrospective studies; however, these clinically relevant variables are rarely reported and correlated with response and survival in immunotherapy studies (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, and oncolytic viruses). Our analysis should help in the development of a more rational clinical trial design and decision-making regarding the treatment to potentially improve the efficacy of immunotherapy or oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei A. Stepanenko
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia O. Sosnovtseva
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marat P. Valikhov
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Chernysheva
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Abramova
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor A. Naumenko
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P. Chekhonin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Malmström A, Oppong FB, O`Callaghan CJ, Wick W, Laperriere N, Gorlia T, Weller M, Henriksson R, Mason W, Platten M, Cantagallo E, Grønberg BH, Reifenberger G, Marosi C, Perry JR. Prognostic factors for overall survival in elderly patients with glioblastoma: Analysis of the pooled NOA-08 and Nordic trials with the CCTG-EORTC (CE.6) trial. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdae211. [PMID: 39759261 PMCID: PMC11697102 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma are >60 years. Three randomized trials addressed the roles of radiotherapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) for elderly patients. NORDIC and NOA-08 compared RT versus TMZ, while CE.6 randomized between hypofractionated RT and RT + TMZ. All showed significant benefits for the TMZ arms, especially for those patients with O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter-methylated tumors. This pooled analysis aimed at identifying additional factors that could improve individualized treatment recommendations. Methods Analyses were performed separately in the RT and TMZ arms of the pooled NORDIC and NOA-08 data, and in the RT and TMZ/RT arms of CE.6. The prognostic value of baseline clinical factors, comorbidities, and quality of life (QoL) scores were assessed. Results NORDIC + NOA-08 (NN) included 715 patients and CE.6 included 562 patients. Median age for NN was 71 and 73 years for CE.6. In NN and CE.6 respectively, 66.2% versus 70.5% underwent resection and 50.9% and 75.3% were on steroids. In NN, 401 patients received RT alone and 281 in CE.6, while 314 were randomized to TMZ alone in NN and 281 to concomitant RT + TMZ in CE.6. Known clinical prognostic factors, such as extent of resection and WHO performance status were confirmed, as was MGMT promoter methylation status for TMZ-treated patients. TMZ-treated patients with 2 or 3 comorbidities; hypertension, diabetes, and/or stroke had worse survival, both in NN (P = .022) and CE.6 (P = .022). Baseline QoL had a minor association with outcome. Conclusion Consideration of comorbidities allows improved personalized treatment decisions for elderly glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Malmström
- Department of Advanced Home Care in Linköping and Division of Cell and Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Normand Laperriere
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Henriksson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Warren Mason
- Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Platten
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, Heidelberg University, Mannheim and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Cantagallo
- Statistics Department, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bjørn H Grønberg
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology and Department of Oncology, St Olav´s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine Marosi
- Clinical Division of Palliative Care, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - James R Perry
- Odette Cancer Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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11
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Henriksen OM, Muhic A, Lundemann MJ, Larsson HBW, Lindberg U, Andersen TL, Hasselbalch B, Møller S, Marner L, Madsen K, Larsen VA, Poulsen HS, Hansen AE, Law I. Added prognostic value of DCE blood volume imaging in patients with suspected recurrent or residual glioblastoma-A hybrid [ 18F]FET PET/MRI study. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdae196. [PMID: 39664680 PMCID: PMC11632823 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cerebral blood volume (CBV) measurements improve the diagnosis of recurrent gliomas. The study investigated the prognostic value of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) CBV imaging in treated IDH wildtype glioblastoma when added to MRI or amino acid positron emission tomography (PET). Methods Hybrid [18F]FET PET/MRI with 2CXM (2-compartment exchange model) DCE from 86 adult patients with suspected recurrent or residual glioblastoma were retrospectively analyzed. High CBV tumor volume (VOLCBV), and contrast-enhancing (VOLCE) and [18F]FET active tumor (VOLFET) volumes were delineated. Absolute and fractional high CBV subvolumes within VOLCE and VOLFET were determined. Associations with overall survival (OS) were assessed by Cox analysis. Results Adjusted for methyltransferase gene status and steroid use all total tumor volumes were individually associated with shorter OS. Adding VOLCBV to VOLCE or VOLFET only the effect of VOLCBV was prognostic of OS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.327, P = .042 and 1.352, P = .011, respectively). High CBV subvolumes within both VOLCE and VOLFET were associated with shorter survival (HR 1.448, P = .042 and 1.416, P = .011, respectively), and the low CBV subvolumes with longer survival (HR 0.504, P = .002 and .365, P = .001, respectively). The fraction of VOLCE and VOLFET with high CBV was a strong predictor of OS with shorter median OS in upper versus lower tertiles (8.3 vs 14.5 months and 7.1 vs 15.6 months, respectively, both P < .001). Conclusions The high CBV tumor volume was a strong prognosticator of survival and allowed for the separation of high- and low-risk subvolumes underlining the heterogeneous physiological environment represented in the contrast-enhancing or metabolically active tumor volumes of treated glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Mølby Henriksen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aida Muhic
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Juncker Lundemann
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Bo Wiberg Larsson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Lindberg
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lund Andersen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benedikte Hasselbalch
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Møller
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Marner
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karine Madsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Andrée Larsen
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Adam Espe Hansen
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian Law
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Karschnia P, Dono A, Young JS, Juenger ST, Teske N, Häni L, Sciortino T, Mau CY, Bruno F, Nunez L, Morshed RA, Haddad AF, Weller M, van den Bent M, Beck J, Hervey-Jumper S, Molinaro AM, Tandon N, Rudà R, Vogelbaum MA, Bello L, Schnell O, Grau SJ, Chang SM, Berger MS, Esquenazi Y, Tonn JC. Prognostic evaluation of re-resection for recurrent glioblastoma using the novel RANO classification for extent of resection: A report of the RANO resect group. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1672-1685. [PMID: 37253096 PMCID: PMC10479742 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The value of re-resection in recurrent glioblastoma remains controversial as a randomized trial that specifies intentional incomplete resection cannot be justified ethically. Here, we aimed to (1) explore the prognostic role of extent of re-resection using the previously proposed Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) classification (based upon residual contrast-enhancing (CE) and non-CE tumor), and to (2) define factors consolidating the surgical effects on outcome. METHODS The RANO resect group retrospectively compiled an 8-center cohort of patients with first recurrence from previously resected glioblastomas. The associations of re-resection and other clinical factors with outcome were analyzed. Propensity score-matched analyses were constructed to minimize confounding effects when comparing the different RANO classes. RESULTS We studied 681 patients with first recurrence of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioblastomas, including 310 patients who underwent re-resection. Re-resection was associated with prolonged survival even when stratifying for molecular and clinical confounders on multivariate analysis; ≤1 cm3 residual CE tumor was associated with longer survival than non-surgical management. Accordingly, "maximal resection" (class 2) had superior survival compared to "submaximal resection" (class 3). Administration of (radio-)chemotherapy in the absence of postoperative deficits augmented the survival associations of smaller residual CE tumors. Conversely, "supramaximal resection" of non-CE tumor (class 1) was not associated with prolonged survival but was frequently accompanied by postoperative deficits. The prognostic role of residual CE tumor was confirmed in propensity score analyses. CONCLUSIONS The RANO resect classification serves to stratify patients with re-resection of glioblastoma. Complete resection according to RANO resect classes 1 and 2 is prognostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Karschnia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Antonio Dono
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jacob S Young
- Department of Neurosurgery and Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Nico Teske
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Levin Häni
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tommaso Sciortino
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Christine Y Mau
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Francesco Bruno
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Luis Nunez
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ramin A Morshed
- Department of Neurosurgery and Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alexander F Haddad
- Department of Neurosurgery and Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin van den Bent
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juergen Beck
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shawn Hervey-Jumper
- Department of Neurosurgery and Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurosurgery and Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Roberta Rudà
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Bello
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Oliver Schnell
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan J Grau
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Klinikum Fulda, Academic Hospital of Marburg University, Klinikum, Fulda, Germany
| | - Susan M Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mitchel S Berger
- Department of Neurosurgery and Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yoshua Esquenazi
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joerg-Christian Tonn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany
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13
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She L, Mao X, Su L, Liu Z. Prognostic evaluation of patients with glioblastoma using a new score prediction model. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2023; 49:106902. [PMID: 37076410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite the wide reportage of prognostic factors for glioblastoma (GBM), it is difficult to determine how these factors interact to affect patients' survival. To determine the combination of prognostic factors, we retrospectively analyzed the clinic data of 248 IDH wild-type GBM patients and built a novel prediction model. The survival variables of patients were identified via univariate and multivariate analyses. In addition, the score prediction models were constructed by combining classification and regression tree (CART) analysis with Cox regression analysis. Finally, the prediction model was internally validated using the bootstrap method. Patients were followed for a median of 34.4 (interquartile range, 26.1-46.0) months. Multivariate analysis identified gross total resection (GTR) (HR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.38-0.67), unopened ventricles (HR 0.75 [0.57-0.99]), and MGMT methylation (HR 0.56 [0.41-0.76]) as favorable independent prognostic factors for PFS. GTR (HR 0.67 [0.49-0.92]), unopened ventricles (HR 0.60 [0.44-0.82]), and MGMT methylation (HR 0.54 [0.38-0.76]) were favorable independent prognostic factors for OS. In the process of building the model, we incorporated GTR, ventricular opening, MGMT methylation status, and age. The model had six and five terminal nodules in PFS and OS respectively. We grouped terminal nodes with similar hazard ratios together to form three sub-groups with different PFS and OS (P < 0.001). After the internal verification of bootstrap method, the model had a good fitting and calibration. GTR, unopened ventricles, and MGMT methylation were independently associated with more satisfactory survival. The novel score prediction model which we construct can provide a prognostic reference for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei She
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Lin Su
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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14
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Segura PP, Quintela NV, García MM, del Barco Berrón S, Sarrió RG, Gómez JG, Castaño AG, Martín LMN, Rubio OG, Losada EP. SEOM-GEINO clinical guidelines for high-grade gliomas of adulthood (2022). Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:2634-2646. [PMID: 37540408 PMCID: PMC10425506 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas (HGG) are the most common primary brain malignancies and account for more than half of all malignant primary brain tumors. The new 2021 WHO classification divides adult HGG into four subtypes: grade 3 oligodendroglioma (1p/19 codeleted, IDH-mutant); grade 3 IDH-mutant astrocytoma; grade 4 IDH-mutant astrocytoma, and grade 4 IDH wild-type glioblastoma (GB). Radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CTX) are the current standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed HGG. Several clinically relevant molecular markers that assist in diagnosis and prognosis have recently been identified. The treatment for recurrent high-grade gliomas is not well defined and decision-making is usually based on prior strategies, as well as several clinical and radiological factors. Whereas the prognosis for GB is grim (5-year survival rate of 5-10%) outcomes for the other high-grade gliomas are typically better, depending on the molecular features of the tumor. The presence of neurological deficits and seizures can significantly impact quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Pérez Segura
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISCC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Vilariño Quintela
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PReTT) Group, Oncobell Program, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Martínez García
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia del Barco Berrón
- Medical Oncology Department, Unidad Cáncer de Mama y Tumores Cerebrales, Instituto Catalán de Oncologia, Hospital Universitario Doctor Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Regina Gironés Sarrió
- Medical Oncology Department. Hospital, Univeristari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús García Gómez
- Medical Oncology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Orense, Orense, Spain
| | | | | | - Oscar Gallego Rubio
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Sant Pau i La Santa Creu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Pineda Losada
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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van Opijnen MP, de Vos FYF, Nabuurs RJA, Snijders TJ, Nandoe Tewarie RDS, Taal W, Verhoeff JJC, van der Hoeven JJM, Broekman MLD. Practice variation in re-resection for recurrent glioblastoma: A nationwide survey among Dutch neuro-oncology specialists. Neurooncol Pract 2023; 10:360-369. [PMID: 37457228 PMCID: PMC10346413 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite current best treatment options, a glioblastoma almost inevitably recurs after primary treatment. However, in the absence of clear evidence, current guidelines on recurrent glioblastoma are not well-defined. Re-resection is one of the possible treatment modalities, though it can be challenging to identify those patients who will benefit. Therefore, treatment decisions are made based on multidisciplinary discussions. This study aimed to investigate the current practice variation between neuro-oncology specialists. Methods In this nationwide study among Dutch neuro-oncology specialists, we surveyed possible practice variation. Via an online survey, 4 anonymized recurrent glioblastoma cases were presented to neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists in The Netherlands using a standardized questionnaire on whether and why they would recommend a re-resection or not. The results were used to provide a qualitative analysis of the current practice in The Netherlands. Results The survey was filled out by 56 respondents, of which 15 (27%) were neurosurgeons, 26 (46%) neuro-oncologists, 2 (4%) medical oncologists, and 13 (23%) radiation oncologists. In 2 of the 4 cases, there appeared to be clinical equipoise. Overall, neurosurgeons tended to recommend re-resection more frequently compared to the other specialists. Neurosurgeons and radiation oncologists showed opposite recommendations in 2 cases. Conclusions This study showed that re-resection of recurrent glioblastoma is subject to practice variation both between and within neuro-oncology specialties. In the absence of unambiguous guidelines, we observed a relationship between preferred practice and specialty. Reduction of this practice variation is important; to achieve this, adequate prospective studies are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P van Opijnen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Filip Y F de Vos
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J A Nabuurs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Tom J Snijders
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Walter Taal
- Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost J C Verhoeff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marike L D Broekman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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16
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Kurdi M, Fadul MM, Addas BMJ, Faizo E, Alkhayyat S, Bamaga AK, Alsinani T, Katib Y, Okal F, Maghrabi Y, Sabbagh AJ, Moshref R, Albalawi S, Alkhotani A, Halawa TF, Mulla N, Hakamy S, Baeesa S. Dynamic interplay between corticosteroid treatment and the role of SRC-1 gene dysregulation in the progression of WHO-Grade 4 Astrocytoma. J Neurooncol 2023; 163:693-705. [PMID: 37402091 PMCID: PMC10393858 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corticosteroid is commonly used before surgery to control cerebral oedema in brain tumours and is frequently continued throughout treatment. Its long-term effect of on the recurrence of WHO-Grade 4 astrocytoma remains controversial. The interaction between corticosteroid, SRC-1 gene and cytotoxic T-cells has never been investigated. METHODS A retrospective cohort of 36 patients with WHO-Grade 4 astrocytoma were examined for CD8 + T-cell and SRC-1 gene expressions through IHC and qRT-PCR. The impact of corticosteroid on CD8+T-cells infiltration, SRC-1 expression, and tumour recurrence was analyzed. RESULTS The mean patients age was 47-years, with a male to female ratio 1.2. About 78% [n = 28] of the cases showed reduced or no CD8+T-cell expression while 22% [n = 8] of cases have showed medium to high CD8+T-cell expression. SRC-1 gene was upregulated in 5 cases [14%] and 31 cases [86%] showed SRC-1 downregulation. The average of total days and doses of administered corticosteroid from the preoperative period to the postoperative period was at range of 14-106 days and 41-5028 mg, respectively. There was no significant statistical difference in RFI among tumours expressing high or low CD8+T-cells when corticosteroid was administered in recommended or exceeded doses [p-value = 0.640]. There was a significant statistical difference in RFI between CD8+T-Cell expression and SRC-1 gene dysregulation [p-value = 002]. Tumours with high CD8+T T-cell expression and SRC-1 gene downregulation had late recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Corticosteroid treatment can directly affect the SRC-1 gene regulation but does not directly influence cytotoxic T-cells infiltration or tumor progression. However, SRC-1 gene downregulation can facilitate late tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Kurdi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Neuromuscular Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Motaz M Fadul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassam M J Addas
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eyad Faizo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadi Alkhayyat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University and Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed K Bamaga
- Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed Alsinani
- Department of Neurosurgery, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Katib
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Okal
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery Section, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazid Maghrabi
- Department of Neuroscience, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman J Sabbagh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Moshref
- Department of Neuroscience, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Albalawi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Alkhotani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taher F Halawa
- Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Mulla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Hakamy
- Neuromuscular Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Baeesa
- Department of Neuroscience, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Dadhania S, Pakzad-Shahabi L, Mistry S, Williams M. Triaxial accelerometer-measured physical activity and functional behaviours among people with High Grade Glioma: The BrainWear Study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285399. [PMID: 37224155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade gliomas (HGG) account for 60-75% of all adult gliomas. The complexity of treatment, recovery and survivorship creates a need for novel monitoring approaches. Accurate assessment of physical function plays a vital role in clinical evaluation. Digital wearable tools could help us address unmet needs by offering unique advantages such as scale, cost and continuous real-world objective data. We present data from 42 patients enrolled into the BrainWear study. METHODS An AX3 accelerometer was worn by patients from diagnosis or at recurrence. Age-, sex-matched UK Biobank control groups were chosen for comparison. RESULTS 80% of data were categorised as high-quality demonstrating acceptability. Remote, passive monitoring identifies moderate activity reduces both during a course of radiotherapy (69 to 16 minutes/day) and at the time of progressive disease assessed by MRI (72 to 52 minutes/day). Mean acceleration (mg) and time spent walking daily (h/day) correlated positively with the global health quality of life and physical functioning scores and inversely with the fatigue score. Healthy controls walked on average 2.91h/day compared to 1.32h/day for the HGG group on weekdays and 0.91h/day on the weekend. The HGG cohort slept for longer on weekends (11.6h/day) than weekdays (11.2h/day) compared to healthy controls (8.9h/day). CONCLUSION Wrist-worn accelerometers are acceptable and longitudinal studies feasible. HGG patients receiving a course of radiotherapy reduce their moderate activity by 4-fold and are at least half as active as healthy controls at baseline. Remote monitoring can provide a more informed and objective understanding of patient activity levels to help optimise health related quality of life (HRQoL) among a patient cohort with an extremely limited lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Dadhania
- Computational Oncology Group, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Radiotherapy Department, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lillie Pakzad-Shahabi
- Computational Oncology Group, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Radiotherapy Department, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Mistry
- NIHR Clinical Research Department, Medical Oncology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matt Williams
- Computational Oncology Group, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Radiotherapy Department, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Pálsson S, Cerri S, Poulsen HS, Urup T, Law I, Van Leemput K. Predicting survival of glioblastoma from automatic whole-brain and tumor segmentation of MR images. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19744. [PMID: 36396681 PMCID: PMC9671967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival prediction models can potentially be used to guide treatment of glioblastoma patients. However, currently available MR imaging biomarkers holding prognostic information are often challenging to interpret, have difficulties generalizing across data acquisitions, or are only applicable to pre-operative MR data. In this paper we aim to address these issues by introducing novel imaging features that can be automatically computed from MR images and fed into machine learning models to predict patient survival. The features we propose have a direct anatomical-functional interpretation: They measure the deformation caused by the tumor on the surrounding brain structures, comparing the shape of various structures in the patient's brain to their expected shape in healthy individuals. To obtain the required segmentations, we use an automatic method that is contrast-adaptive and robust to missing modalities, making the features generalizable across scanners and imaging protocols. Since the features we propose do not depend on characteristics of the tumor region itself, they are also applicable to post-operative images, which have been much less studied in the context of survival prediction. Using experiments involving both pre- and post-operative data, we show that the proposed features carry prognostic value in terms of overall- and progression-free survival, over and above that of conventional non-imaging features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sveinn Pálsson
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stefano Cerri
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hans Skovgaard Poulsen
- grid.475435.4Department of Oncology, The Finsen Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Urup
- grid.475435.4Department of Oncology, The Finsen Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian Law
- grid.475435.4Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Center of Diagnostic Investigation, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Koen Van Leemput
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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19
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Clavreul A, Autier L, Lemée JM, Augereau P, Soulard G, Bauchet L, Figarella-Branger D, Menei P, Network FGB. Management of Recurrent Glioblastomas: What Can We Learn from the French Glioblastoma Biobank? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225510. [PMID: 36428604 PMCID: PMC9688811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Safe maximal resection followed by radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) is universally accepted as the first-line treatment for glioblastoma (GB), but no standard of care has yet been defined for managing recurrent GB (rGB). We used the French GB biobank (FGB) to evaluate the second-line options currently used, with a view to defining the optimal approach and future directions in GB research. We retrospectively analyzed data for 338 patients with de novo isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype GB recurring after TMZ chemoradiotherapy. Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to investigate survival outcomes. Median overall survival after first surgery (OS1) was 19.8 months (95% CI: 18.5-22.0) and median OS after first progression (OS2) was 9.9 months (95% CI: 8.8-10.8). Two second-line options were noted for rGB patients in the FGB: supportive care and treatments, with systemic treatment being the treatment most frequently used. The supportive care option was independently associated with a shorter OS2 (p < 0.001). None of the systemic treatment regimens was unequivocally better than the others for rGB patients. An analysis of survival outcomes based on time to first recurrence (TFR) after chemoradiotherapy indicated that survival was best for patients with a long TFR (≥18 months; median OS1: 44.3 months (95% CI: 41.7-56.4) and median OS2: 13.0 months (95% CI: 11.2-17.7), but that such patients constituted only a small proportion of the total patient population (13.0%). This better survival appeared to be more strongly associated with response to first-line treatment than with response to second-line treatment, indicating that the recurring tumors were more aggressive and/or resistant than the initial tumors in these patients. In the face of high rates of treatment failure for GB, the establishment of well-designed large cohorts of primary and rGB samples, with the help of biobanks, such as the FGB, taking into account the TFR and survival outcomes of GB patients, is urgently required for solid comparative biological analyses to drive the discovery of novel prognostic and/or therapeutic clinical markers for GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Clavreul
- Département de Neurochirurgie, CHU, 49933 Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes Université, CRCINA, F-49000 Angers, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-241-354822; Fax: +33-241-354508
| | - Lila Autier
- Département de Neurologie, CHU, 49933 Angers, France
- Département d’Oncologie Médicale, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, Site Paul Papin, 49055 Angers, France
| | - Jean-Michel Lemée
- Département de Neurochirurgie, CHU, 49933 Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes Université, CRCINA, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Paule Augereau
- Département d’Oncologie Médicale, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, Site Paul Papin, 49055 Angers, France
| | | | - Luc Bauchet
- Département de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Dominique Figarella-Branger
- APHM, CHU Timone, Service d’Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, 13385 Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INP, Inst. Neurophysiopathol, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Menei
- Département de Neurochirurgie, CHU, 49933 Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes Université, CRCINA, F-49000 Angers, France
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20
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Gregucci F, Surgo A, Carbonara R, Laera L, Ciliberti MP, Gentile MA, Caliandro M, Sasso N, Bonaparte I, Fanelli V, Tortora R, Paulicelli E, Surico G, Lombardi G, Signorelli F, Fiorentino A. Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Brain Radiotherapy with Systemic Therapy in Recurrent High-Grade Gliomas: Is It Feasible? Therapeutic Strategies in Recurrent High-Grade Gliomas. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1336. [PMID: 36013284 PMCID: PMC9410141 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE For recurrent high-grade gliomas (HGG), no standard therapeutic approach has been reported; thus, surgery, chemotherapy, and re-irradiation (re-RT) may all be proposed. The aim of the study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of re-RT by radiosurgery or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRS/FSRT) in association to chemotherapy in patients with recurrent HGG. MATERIAL/METHODS All patients with histological diagnosis of HGG that suffered by recurrent disease diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), according to Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria, after primary/adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy treatment and underwent to re-RT by SRS/FSRT were included in the analysis. Second-line chemotherapy was administered. Outcomes were evaluated by neurological examination and brain MRI performed 1 month after re-RT and then every 2-3 months. RESULTS From November 2019 to September 2021, 30 patients presenting recurrent HGG underwent re-RT. Median dose was 24 Gy (range 15-36 Gy), and median fractions was 5 (range 1-6). Twenty-one patients (70%) had RPA class ≤ IV. One patient had a histological diagnosis of anaplastic oligodendroglioma, 24 patients (80%) were affected by glioblastoma (GBM) including 3 cases of multifocal form, and 5 patients (17%) by anaplastic astrocytoma. Median time between primary/adjuvant RT and disease recurrence was 8 months. In six cases (20%) re-operation was performed, and in most cases (87%), a second line of systemic therapy was administrated. At a median follow-up time from recurrence of 13 months (range 6-56 months), 10 patients (33%) were alive: 2 patients with partial response disease, 7 patients with stable disease, and 1 patient with out-field progression disease. Of the 20 patients who died (67%), 15 (75%) died for progression disease and 5 (25%) for other causes (3 due to septic event, 1 due to thrombo-embolic event, and 1 due to car accident). Median OS and PFS after recurrence were 12.1 and 11.2 months. Six-month and one-year OS were, respectively, 81% and 51%. No acute or late neurological side effects grade ≥ 2 and no case of radio-necrosis were reported. One patient experienced, after reintervention and during Regorafenib treatment (administered 40 days after surgery), dehiscence of the surgical wound. In three cases, grade 2 distal paresthesia was reported. Grade 3-4 hematologic toxicity occurred in seven cases. Three case of grade 5 toxicities during chemotherapy were reported: three septic events and one thrombo-embolic event. CONCLUSION Re-RT with SRT/FSRT in association with second-line systemic therapy is a safe and feasible treatment for patients with HGG recurrence. Validation of these results by prospective studies is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Gregucci
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miulli General Regional Hospital, 70021 Acquaviva delle Fonti (BA), Italy
| | - Alessia Surgo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miulli General Regional Hospital, 70021 Acquaviva delle Fonti (BA), Italy
| | - Roberta Carbonara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miulli General Regional Hospital, 70021 Acquaviva delle Fonti (BA), Italy
| | - Letizia Laera
- Department of Medical Oncology, Miulli General Regional Hospital, 70021 Acquaviva delle Fonti (BA), Italy
| | - Maria Paola Ciliberti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miulli General Regional Hospital, 70021 Acquaviva delle Fonti (BA), Italy
| | - Maria Annunziata Gentile
- Department of Radiology, Miulli General Regional Hospital, 70021 Acquaviva delle Fonti (BA), Italy
| | - Morena Caliandro
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miulli General Regional Hospital, 70021 Acquaviva delle Fonti (BA), Italy
| | - Nicola Sasso
- Department of Medical Oncology, Miulli General Regional Hospital, 70021 Acquaviva delle Fonti (BA), Italy
| | - Ilaria Bonaparte
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miulli General Regional Hospital, 70021 Acquaviva delle Fonti (BA), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Fanelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Miulli General Regional Hospital, 70021 Acquaviva delle Fonti (BA), Italy
| | - Romina Tortora
- Centro Orientamento Oncologico, Miulli General Regional Hospital, 70021 Acquaviva delle Fonti (BA), Italy
| | - Eleonora Paulicelli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miulli General Regional Hospital, 70021 Acquaviva delle Fonti (BA), Italy
| | - Giammarco Surico
- Department of Medical Oncology, Miulli General Regional Hospital, 70021 Acquaviva delle Fonti (BA), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lombardi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Signorelli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Division of Neurosurgery, University “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Alba Fiorentino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miulli General Regional Hospital, 70021 Acquaviva delle Fonti (BA), Italy
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21
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Sanborn RE, Pishvaian MJ, Callahan MK, Weise A, Sikic BI, Rahma O, Cho DC, Rizvi NA, Sznol M, Lutzky J, Bauman JE, Bitting RL, Starodub A, Jimeno A, Reardon DA, Kaley T, Iwamoto F, Baehring JM, Subramaniam DS, Aragon-Ching JB, Hawthorne TR, Rawls T, Yellin M, Keler T. Safety, tolerability and efficacy of agonist anti-CD27 antibody (varlilumab) administered in combination with anti-PD-1 (nivolumab) in advanced solid tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005147. [PMID: 35940825 PMCID: PMC9364417 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phase 1/2 dose-escalation and expansion study evaluating varlilumab, a fully human agonist anti-CD27 mAb, with nivolumab in anti-PD-1/L1 naïve, refractory solid tumors. METHODS Phase 1 evaluated the safety of varlilumab (0.1-10 mg/kg) with nivolumab (3 mg/kg) administered once every 2 weeks. Phase 2 evaluated varlilumab regimens (3 mg/kg once every 2 weeks, 3 mg/kg once every 12 weeks, and 0.3 mg/kg once every 4 weeks) with nivolumab 240 mg once every 2 weeks in tumor-specific cohorts. Primary objective was safety; key clinical endpoints included objective response rate (ORR) and overall survival rate at 12 months (OS12) (glioblastoma (GBM) only). Exploratory objectives included determination of effects on peripheral blood and intratumoral immune signatures. RESULTS 175 patients were enrolled (36 in phase 1 and 139 in phase 2). Phase 1 dose-escalation proceeded to the highest varlilumab dose level without determining a maximum tolerated dose. In phase 2, ORR were ovarian 12.5%, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck 12.5%, colorectal cancer 5%, and renal cell carcinoma 0%; GBM OS12 was 40.9%. Increased tumor PD-L1 and intratumoral T cell infiltration were observed in ovarian cancer patients, with increases of ≥5% associated with better progression-free survival. The most common treatment related adverse events were fatigue (18%), pruritus (16%), and rash (15%). CONCLUSION Varlilumab and nivolumab were well tolerated, without significant toxicity beyond that expected for each agent alone. Clinical activity was observed in patients that are typically refractory to anti-PD-1 therapy, however, overall was not greater than expected for nivolumab monotherapy. Treatment was associated with proinflammatory changes in the tumor microenvironment, particularly in ovarian cancer where the changes were associated with better clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02335918.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Sanborn
- Providence Cancer Institute, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael J Pishvaian
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Margaret K Callahan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amy Weise
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Branimir I Sikic
- Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Osama Rahma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel C Cho
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Naiyer A Rizvi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mario Sznol
- Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jose Lutzky
- Mount Sinai Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Julie E Bauman
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tuscon, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Antonio Jimeno
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David A Reardon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas Kaley
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fabio Iwamoto
- Department of Neurology, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joachim M Baehring
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale New Haven Health Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Deepa S Subramaniam
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | | | - Tracey Rawls
- Celldex Therapeutics Inc, Hampton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Tibor Keler
- R & D, Celldex Therapeutics Inc, Hampton, New Jersey, USA
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Ricciardi L, Manini I, Cesselli D, Trungu S, Piazza A, Mangraviti A, Miscusi M, Raco A, Ius T. Carmustine Wafers Implantation in Patients With Newly Diagnosed High Grade Glioma: Is It Still an Option? Front Neurol 2022; 13:884158. [PMID: 35812101 PMCID: PMC9259966 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.884158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe implantation protocol for Carmustine Wafers (CWs) in high grade glioma (HGG) was developed to offer a bridge between surgical resection and adjuvant treatments, such as radio- and chemotherapy. In the last years, however, a widespread use of CWs has been limited due to uncertainties regarding efficacy, in addition to increased risk of infection and elevated costs of treatment.ObjectiveThe aims of our study were to investigate the epidemiology of patients that underwent surgery for HGG with CW implantation, in addition to the assessment of related complications, long-term overall survival (OS), and associated prognostic factors.MethodsThree different medical databases were screened for conducting a systematic review of the literature, according to the PRISMA statement guidelines, evaluating the role of BCNU wafer implantation in patients with newly diagnosed HGG. The search query was based on a combination of medical subject headings (MeSH): “high grade glioma” [MeSH] AND “Carmustine” [MeSH] and free text terms: “surgery” OR “BCNU wafer” OR “Gliadel” OR “systemic treatment options” OR “overall survival.”ResultsThe analysis of the meta-data demonstrated that there was a significant advantage in using CWs in newly diagnosed GBM in terms of OS, and a very low heterogeneity among the included studies [mean difference 2.64 (95% CI 0.85, 4.44); p = 0.004; I2149 = 0%]. Conversely, no significant difference between the two treatment groups in terms of PFS wad detected (p = 0.55). The analysis of complications showed a relatively higher rate in Carmustine implanted patients, although this difference was not significant (p = 0.53).ConclusionsThis meta-analysis seems to suggest that CWs implantation plays a significant role in improving the OS, when used in patients with newly diagnosed HGG. To minimize the risk of side effects, however, a carful patient selection based mainly on patient age and tumor volume should be desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ricciardi
- UOC di Neurochirurgia, Department of NESMOS, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivana Manini
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Daniela Cesselli
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Sokol Trungu
- UO di Neurochirurgia, Azienda Ospedaliera Cardinal G. Panico, Tricase, Italy
| | - Amedeo Piazza
- UOC di Neurochirurgia, Department of NESMOS, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Mangraviti
- UOC di Neurochirurgia, Department of NESMOS, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Miscusi
- UOC di Neurochirurgia, Department of NESMOS, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Raco
- UOC di Neurochirurgia, Department of NESMOS, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tamara Ius
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, S. Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy
- *Correspondence: Tamara Ius
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Swildens KX, Sillevis Smitt PAE, van den Bent MJ, French PJ, Geurts M. The Effect of Dexamethasone on the Microenvironment and Efficacy of Checkpoint Inhibitors in Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac087. [PMID: 35990704 PMCID: PMC9389427 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy has not proven clinically effective in glioblastoma. This lack of effectiveness may be partially attributable to the frequent administration of dexamethasone in glioblastoma patients. In this systematic review, we assess whether dexamethasone (1) affects the glioblastoma microenvironment and (2) interferes with checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy efficacy in the treatment of glioblastoma. Methods PubMed and Embase were systematically searched for eligible articles published up to September 15, 2021. Both in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, as well as clinical studies were selected. The following information was extracted from each study: tumor model, corticosteroid treatment, and effects on individual immune components or checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. Results Twenty-one preclinical studies in cellular glioma models (n = 10), animal glioma models (n = 6), and glioblastoma patient samples (n = 7), and 3 clinical studies were included. Preclinical studies show that dexamethasone decreases the presence of microglia and other macrophages as well as the number of T lymphocytes in both tumor tissue and periphery. Dexamethasone abrogates the antitumor effects of checkpoint inhibitors on T lymphocytes in preclinical studies. Although randomized studies directly addressing our research question are lacking, clinical studies suggest a negative association between corticosteroids and survival outcomes in glioblastoma patients receiving checkpoint inhibitors after adjustment for relevant prognostic factors. Conclusions Preclinical research shows that dexamethasone inhibits the antitumor immune response in glioma, thereby promoting a protumorigenic microenvironment. The efficacy of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy in glioblastoma patients may therefore be negatively affected by the use of dexamethasone. Future research could investigate the potential of edema-reducing alternatives to dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra X Swildens
- Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A E Sillevis Smitt
- Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J van den Bent
- Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim J French
- Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Geurts
- Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Rammohan N, Ho A, Saxena M, Bajaj A, Kruser TJ, Horbinski C, Korutz A, Tate M, Sachdev S. Tumor-associated alterations in white matter connectivity have prognostic significance in MGMT-unmethylated glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2022; 158:331-339. [PMID: 35525907 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the prognostic significance of tumor-associated white matter (TA-WM) tracts in glioblastoma (GBM) using magnetic resonance-diffusion tensor imaging (MR-DTI). We hypothesized that (1) TA-WM tracts harbor microscopic disease not targeted through surgery or radiotherapy (RT), and (2) the greater the extent of TA-WM involvement, the worse the survival outcomes. METHODS We studied a retrospective cohort of 76 GBM patients. TA-WM tracts were identified by MR-DTI fractional anisotropy (FA) maps. For each patient, 22 TA-WM tracts were analyzed and each tract was graded 1-3 based on FA. A TA-WM score (TA-WMS) was computed based on number of involved tracts and corresponding FA grade of involvement. Kaplan-Meier statistics were utilized to determine survival outcomes, log-rank test was used to compare survival between groups, and Cox regression was utilized to determine prognostic variables. RESULTS For the MGMT-unmethylated cohort, there was a decrease in OS for increasing TA-WMS (median OS 16.5 months for TA-WMS 0-4; 13.6 months for TA-WMS 5-8; 7.3 months for TA-WMS > 9; p = 0.0002). This trend was not observed in the MGMT-methylated cohort. For MGMT-unmethylated patients with TA-WMS > 6 and involvement of tracts passing through brainstem or contralateral hemisphere, median OS was 8.3 months versus median OS 14.1 months with TA-WMS > 6 but not involving aforementioned critical tracts (p = 0.003 log-rank test). For MGMT-unmethylated patients, TA-WMS was predictive of overall survival in multivariate analysis (HR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.27, p = 0.012) while age, gender, and largest tumor dimension were non-significant. CONCLUSION Increased TA-WMS and involvement of critical tracts are associated with decreased overall survival in MGMT-unmethylated GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Rammohan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N St. Clair St, Ste 1820, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Alexander Ho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N St. Clair St, Ste 1820, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Mohit Saxena
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amishi Bajaj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N St. Clair St, Ste 1820, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Tim J Kruser
- Turville Bay Radiation Oncology Center, SSM Health Dean Medical Group, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Korutz
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Tate
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sean Sachdev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N St. Clair St, Ste 1820, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Survival after reoperation for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: A prospective study. Surg Oncol 2022; 42:101771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2022.101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Advances in local therapy for glioblastoma - taking the fight to the tumour. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18:221-236. [PMID: 35277681 PMCID: PMC10359969 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-022-00621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in neurosurgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, glioblastoma remains one of the most treatment-resistant CNS malignancies, and the tumour inevitably recurs. The majority of recurrences appear in or near the resection cavity, usually within the area that received the highest dose of radiation. Many new therapies focus on combatting these local recurrences by implementing treatments directly in or near the tumour bed. In this Review, we discuss the latest developments in local therapy for glioblastoma, focusing on recent preclinical and clinical trials. The approaches that we discuss include novel intraoperative techniques, various treatments of the surgical cavity, stereotactic injections directly into the tumour, and new developments in convection-enhanced delivery and intra-arterial treatments.
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27
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Gahrmann R, Smits M, Vernhout RM, Taal W, Kapsas G, de Groot JC, Hanse M, Vos M, Beerepoot LV, Buter J, Flach ZH, van der Holt B, van den Bent M. The impact of different volumetric thresholds to determine progressive disease in patients with recurrent glioblastoma treated with bevacizumab. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac032. [PMID: 35419519 PMCID: PMC9000300 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The optimal volumetric threshold for determining progressive disease (PD) in recurrent glioblastoma is yet to be determined. We investigated a range of thresholds in association with overall survival (OS). Methods First recurrent glioblastoma patients treated with bevacizumab and/or lomustine were included from the phase II BELOB and phase III EORTC26101 trials. Enhancing and nonenhancing tumor volumes were measured at baseline, first (6 weeks), and second (12 weeks) follow-up. Hazard ratios (HRs) for the appearance of new lesions and several thresholds for tumor volume increase were calculated using cox regression analysis. Results were corrected in a multivariate analysis for well-established prognostic factors. Results At first and second follow-up, 138 and 94 patients respectively, were deemed eligible for analysis of enhancing volumes, while 89 patients were included in the analysis of nonenhancing volumes at first follow-up. New lesions were associated with a significantly worse OS (3.2 versus 11.2 months, HR = 7.03, P < .001). At first follow-up a threshold of enhancing volume increase of ≥20% provided the highest HR (5.55, p = .001. At second follow-up, any increase in enhancing volume (≥0%) provided the highest HR (9.00, p < .001). When measuring nonenhancing volume at first follow-up, only 6 additional patients were scored as PD with the highest HR of ≥25% increase in volume (HR=3.25, p = .008). Conclusion Early appearing new lesions were associated with poor OS. Lowering the volumetric threshold for PD at both first and second follow-up improved survival prediction. However, the additional number of patients categorized as PD by lowering the threshold was very low. The per-RANO added change in nonenhancing volumes to the analyses was of limited value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske Gahrmann
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Smits
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Michel Vernhout
- Clinical Trial Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Walter Taal
- The Brain Tumor Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Institute Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgios Kapsas
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Cees de Groot
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Hanse
- Department of Neurology, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Vos
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Buter
- Department of Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bronno van der Holt
- Clinical Trial Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van den Bent
- The Brain Tumor Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Institute Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Re-irradiation for recurrent high grade glioma (HGG) patients: Results of a single arm prospective phase 2 study. Radiother Oncol 2022; 167:89-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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29
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Gan HK, Parakh S, Lassman AB, Seow A, Lau E, Lee ST, Ameratunga M, Perchyonok Y, Cao D, Burvenich IJG, O'Keefe GJ, Rigopoulos A, Gomez E, Maag D, Scott AM. Tumor volumes as a predictor of response to the anti-EGFR antibody drug conjugate depatuxizumab mafadotin. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab102. [PMID: 34549181 PMCID: PMC8446913 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The adverse impact of increasing brain tumor size on the efficacy of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) was investigated preclinically then validated with clinical data. Methods—Preclinical study The impact of tumor size on ADC tumor delivery and treatment response was evaluated in an EGFR-amplified patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) model following treatment with Depatuxizumab mafadotin (Depatux-M). Biodistribution and imaging studies correlated drug distribution with starting treatment volume and anti-tumor activity. Methods—Clinical study M12-356 was a Phase I study of Depatux-M in patients with GBM. Blinded volumetric analysis of baseline tumor volumes of M12-356 patients was undertaken by two reviewers and results correlated with response and survival. Results Preclinically, imaging and biodistribution studies showed specific and significantly higher tumor uptake of zirconium-89 labeled Depatux-M (89Zr-Depatux-M) in mice with smaller tumor volume (~98 mm3) versus those with larger volumes (~365 mm3); concordantly, mice with tumor volumes ≤100 mm3 at treatment commencement had significantly better growth inhibition by Depatux-M (93% vs 27%, P < .001) and significantly longer overall survival (P < .0001) compared to tumors ≥400 mm3. Clinically, patients with tumor volumes <25 cm3 had significantly higher response rates (17% vs. 0%, P = .009) and longer overall survival (0.5 vs 0.89 years, P = .001) than tumors above 25 cm3. Conclusion Both preclinical and clinical data showed intra-tumoral concentration and efficacy of Depatux-m inversely correlated with tumor size. This finding merit further investigation with pretreatment tumor volume as a predictor for response to ADCs, in both gliomas and other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui K Gan
- Tumour Targeting Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia.,La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sagun Parakh
- Tumour Targeting Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia.,La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew B Lassman
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aidan Seow
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eddie Lau
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Radiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sze Ting Lee
- Tumour Targeting Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia.,La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Malaka Ameratunga
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuliya Perchyonok
- Department of Radiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Diana Cao
- Tumour Targeting Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ingrid J G Burvenich
- Tumour Targeting Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia.,La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graeme J O'Keefe
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angela Rigopoulos
- Tumour Targeting Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erica Gomez
- Research and Development Department, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David Maag
- Research and Development Department, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Tumour Targeting Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia.,La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
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Collins SA, Shah AH, Ostertag D, Kasahara N, Jolly DJ. Clinical development of retroviral replicating vector Toca 511 for gene therapy of cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:1199-1214. [PMID: 33724117 PMCID: PMC8429069 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1902982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of tumor-selectively replicating viruses is a rapidly expanding field that is showing considerable promise for cancer treatment. Retroviral replicating vectors (RRV) are unique among the various replication-competent viruses currently being investigated for potential clinical utility, because they permanently integrate into the cancer cell genome and are capable of long-term persistence within tumors. RRV can mediate efficient tumor-specific delivery of prodrug activator genes, and subsequent prodrug treatment leads to synchronized cell killing of infected cancer cells, as well as activation of antitumor immune responses. AREAS COVERED Here we review preclinical studies supporting bench-to-bedside translation of Toca 511, an optimized RRV for prodrug activator gene therapy, the results from Phase I through III clinical trials to date, and potential future directions for this therapy as well as other clinical candidate RRV. EXPERT OPINION Toca 511 has shown highly promising results in early-stage clinical trials. This vector progressed to a registrational Phase III trial, but the results announced in late 2019 appeared negative overall. However, the median prodrug dosing schedule was not optimal, and promising possible efficacy was observed in some prespecified subgroups. Further clinical investigation, as well as development of RRV with other transgene payloads, is merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Collins
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ashish H Shah
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Derek Ostertag
- Tocagen, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Noriyuki Kasahara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), California, United States of America
| | - Douglas J Jolly
- Tocagen, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
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Haksoyler V, A Besen A, Koseci T, Olgun P, Bayram E, Topkan E. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is prognostic in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme treated with bevacizumab plus irinotecan. Biomark Med 2021; 15:851-859. [PMID: 33983042 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We intended to survey the prognostic utility of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a novel prognostic index in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (R-GBMs) treated with bevacizumab plus irinotecan (BEVIRI). Patients & methods: The present retrospective investigation incorporated the R-GBMs patients who underwent BEVIRI. The pre-BEVIRI NLR was calculated for each patient by utilizing the complete blood count tests obtained on the first day of BEVIRI. Results: The data of a total of 103 patients were analyzed. The ideal cutoff was identified at 3.04 (area under the curve: 60%; sensitivity: 60.3%; specificity 60%) for the pre-BEVIRI NLR. Low-NLR group had significantly longer overall survival times than the high-NLR group (15.8 vs 9.3 months; p = 0.015). Conclusion: NLR might be utilized as a novel biomarker in the prognostic stratification of the R-GBMs treated with BEVIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali A Besen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Baskent University Medical Faculty, Adana, Turkey
| | - Tolga Koseci
- Department of Medical Oncology, City Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Polat Olgun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Near East University, Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Bayram
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Erkan Topkan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baskent University Medical Faculty, Adana, Turkey
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Tewarie IA, Senders JT, Kremer S, Devi S, Gormley WB, Arnaout O, Smith TR, Broekman MLD. Survival prediction of glioblastoma patients-are we there yet? A systematic review of prognostic modeling for glioblastoma and its clinical potential. Neurosurg Rev 2021; 44:2047-2057. [PMID: 33156423 PMCID: PMC8338817 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-020-01430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is associated with a poor prognosis. Even though survival statistics are well-described at the population level, it remains challenging to predict the prognosis of an individual patient despite the increasing number of prognostic models. The aim of this study is to systematically review the literature on prognostic modeling in glioblastoma patients. A systematic literature search was performed to identify all relevant studies that developed a prognostic model for predicting overall survival in glioblastoma patients following the PRISMA guidelines. Participants, type of input, algorithm type, validation, and testing procedures were reviewed per prognostic model. Among 595 citations, 27 studies were included for qualitative review. The included studies developed and evaluated a total of 59 models, of which only seven were externally validated in a different patient cohort. The predictive performance among these studies varied widely according to the AUC (0.58-0.98), accuracy (0.69-0.98), and C-index (0.66-0.70). Three studies deployed their model as an online prediction tool, all of which were based on a statistical algorithm. The increasing performance of survival prediction models will aid personalized clinical decision-making in glioblastoma patients. The scientific realm is gravitating towards the use of machine learning models developed on high-dimensional data, often with promising results. However, none of these models has been implemented into clinical care. To facilitate the clinical implementation of high-performing survival prediction models, future efforts should focus on harmonizing data acquisition methods, improving model interpretability, and externally validating these models in multicentered, prospective fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishaan Ashwini Tewarie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, Lijnbaan 32, 2512 VA, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Medicine, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joeky T Senders
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, Lijnbaan 32, 2512 VA, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stijn Kremer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, Lijnbaan 32, 2512 VA, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Sharmila Devi
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- King's College, London, UK
| | - William B Gormley
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Omar Arnaout
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy R Smith
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marike L D Broekman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, Lijnbaan 32, 2512 VA, The Hague, The Netherlands.
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Nikova AS, Vlotinou P, Karelis L, Karanikas M, Birbilis TA. Gross total resection with fluorescence could lead to improved overall survival rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Neurosurg 2021; 36:316-322. [PMID: 34313526 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2021.1950637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma cases are often treated with aggressive resection. Recent studies have suggested that extended surgical resection could improve survival. Improved extent of resection could be afforded by the use of fluorescence during surgery. We aimed to examine the effect of fluorescence on the results of gross total resection (GTR) and its impact on the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates. METHODS We performed a literature search of studies published between 2000 and 2021. The study followed the PRISMA guidelines and focused on newly-diagnosed glioblastoma cases. The collected data were divided into two groups according to the fluorescence use: Group A (standard white-light use) and Group B (fluorescent-light use). RESULTS The results showed a superiority of the fluorescence use during surgery for newly diagnosed glioblastoma cases concerning the procurement of GTR. Additionally, we highlighted the importance of GTR on the OS but not on the PFS rate. We found that the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid resulted in better OS rates compared to fluorescein sodium. CONCLUSION GTR is a significant factor leading to improved OS; nevertheless, it was an apparently unrelated factor for estimating the PFS rate. Fluorescence use during surgery could lead to higher rates of complete resection and better OS rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandrina S Nikova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Democritus University of Thrace Medical School, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,Department of Neurosurgery, "Evangelismos" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Penelope Vlotinou
- Department of Neurology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Loukas Karelis
- Department of Pathology, "Metaxa" Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Michael Karanikas
- Department of Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace Medical School, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Theodossios A Birbilis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Democritus University of Thrace Medical School, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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34
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Detti B, Scoccianti S, Teriaca MA, Maragna V, Lorenzetti V, Lucidi S, Bellini C, Greto D, Desideri I, Livi L. Bevacizumab in recurrent high-grade glioma: a single institution retrospective analysis on 92 patients. Radiol Med 2021; 126:1249-1254. [PMID: 34081269 PMCID: PMC8370943 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-021-01381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade gliomas are among the most aggressive central nervous system primary tumors, with a high risk of recurrence and a poor prognosis. Re-operation, re-irradiation, chemotherapy are options in this setting. No-best therapy has been established. Bevacizumab was approved on the basis of two Phase 2 trials that evaluated its efficacy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have retrospectively review data of patients with high-grade glioma treated at our institution that undergone radiological or histological progression after at least one systemic treatment for recurrent disease. Bevacizumab was administered alone or in combination with chemotherapy until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Bevacizumab regimen was analyzed to assess PFS and OS. Histological, molecular and clinical features of the entire cohort were collected. RESULTS We reviewed data from 92 patients, treated from April 2009 to November 2019, with histologically confirmed diagnosis of high-grade gliomas and recurrent disease. A PFS of 55.2%, 22.9% and 9.6% was observed at 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively. Performance status, age at diagnosis (< 65 or > 65 ys.) and use of corticosteroids during bevacizumab therapy were strongly associated with PFS. The OS was 74.9% at 6 months, 31.7% at 12 months, 10.1% at 24 months. In our cohort, 51.1% were long-term responders (PFS > 6 months). Globally, bevacizumab treatment was well tolerated. CONCLUSION Our analysis confirms the efficacy of bevacizumab in recurrent high-grade glioma patients with an acceptable toxicity profile, in keeping with its known safety in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Detti
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 1, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Scoccianti
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 1, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Ausilia Teriaca
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 1, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Virginia Maragna
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 1, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Victoria Lorenzetti
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 1, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Lucidi
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 1, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Bellini
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 1, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Greto
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 1, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Isacco Desideri
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 1, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Livi
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 1, 50134, Florence, Italy
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35
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Patel M, Au K, Davis FG, Easaw JC, Mehta V, Broad R, Chow MMC, Hockley A, Kaderali Z, Magro E, Nataraj A, Scholtes F, Chagnon M, Gevry G, Raymond J, Darsaut TE. Clinical Uncertainty and Equipoise in the Management of Recurrent Glioblastoma. Am J Clin Oncol 2021; 44:258-263. [PMID: 33782334 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant proportion of glioblastoma (GBM) patients are considered for repeat resection, but evidence regarding best management remains elusive. Our aim was to measure the degree of clinical uncertainty regarding reoperation for patients with recurrent GBM. METHODS We first performed a systematic review of agreement studies examining the question of repeat resection for recurrent GBM. An electronic portfolio of 37 pathologically confirmed recurrent GBM patients including pertinent magnetic resonance images and clinical information was assembled. To measure clinical uncertainty, 26 neurosurgeons from various countries, training backgrounds, and years' experience were asked to select best management (repeat surgery, other nonsurgical management, or conservative), confidence in recommended management, and whether they would include the patient in a randomized trial comparing surgery with nonsurgical options. Agreement was evaluated using κ statistics. RESULTS The literature review did not reveal previous agreement studies examining the question. In our study, agreement regarding best management of recurrent GBM was slight, even when management options were dichotomized (repeat surgery vs. other options; κ=0.198 [95% confidence interval: 0.133-0.276]). Country of practice, years' experience, and training background did not change results. Disagreement and clinical uncertainty were more pronounced within clinicians with (κ=0.167 [0.055-0.314]) than clinicians without neuro-oncology fellowship training (κ=0.601 [0.556-0.646]). A majority (51%) of responders were willing to include the patient in a randomized trial comparing repeat surgery with nonsurgical alternatives in 26/37 (69%) of cases. CONCLUSION There is sufficient uncertainty and equipoise regarding the question of reoperation for patients with recurrent glioblastoma to support the need for a randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukt Patel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre
| | - Karolyn Au
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre
| | | | - Jacob C Easaw
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB
| | - Vivek Mehta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre
| | - Robert Broad
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre
| | - Michael M C Chow
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre
| | - Aaron Hockley
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre
| | - Zul Kaderali
- Section of Neurosurgery, GB1-Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Elsa Magro
- Neurosurgery service, CHU Cavale Blanche, INSERM UMR 1101 LaTIM, Boulevard Tanguy-Prigent Brest, France
| | - Andrew Nataraj
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre
| | | | - Miguel Chagnon
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, André-Aisenstadt Pavillon (AA-5190)
| | - Guylaine Gevry
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier of University of Montreal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Raymond
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier of University of Montreal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tim E Darsaut
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre
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36
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Durgin JS, Henderson F, Nasrallah MP, Mohan S, Wang S, Lacey SF, Melenhorst JJ, Desai AS, Lee JYK, Maus MV, June CH, Brem S, O'Connor RS, Binder Z, O'Rourke DM. Case Report: Prolonged Survival Following EGFRvIII CAR T Cell Treatment for Recurrent Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:669071. [PMID: 34026647 PMCID: PMC8138201 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.669071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeted to epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (CAR T-EGFRvIII) have been developed and administered experimentally to treat patients with IDH1 wildtype recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) (NCT02209376). We report the case of a 59-year-old patient who received a single peripheral infusion of CAR T-EGFRvIII cells and survived 36 months after disease recurrence, exceeding expected survival for recurrent glioblastoma. Post-infusion histopathologic analysis of tissue obtained during a second stage surgical resection revealed immunosuppressive adaptive changes in the tumor tissue as well as reduced EGFRvIII expression. Serial brain imaging demonstrated a significant reduction in relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), a measure strongly associated with tumor proliferative activity, at early time points following CAR T treatment. Notably, CAR T-EGFRvIII cells persisted in her peripheral circulation during 29 months of follow-up, the longest period of CAR T persistence reported in GBM trials to date. These findings in a long-term survivor show that peripherally administered CAR T-EGFRvIII cells can persist for years in the circulation and suggest that this cell therapy approach could be optimized to achieve broader efficacy in recurrent GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Durgin
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, The Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fraser Henderson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - MacLean P Nasrallah
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, The Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Suyash Mohan
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sumei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Simon F Lacey
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jan Joseph Melenhorst
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, The Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Arati S Desai
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, The Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John Y K Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Steven Brem
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, The Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Roddy S O'Connor
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zev Binder
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, The Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Donald M O'Rourke
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, The Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Schritz A, Aouali N, Fischer A, Dessenne C, Adams R, Berchem G, Huiart L, Schmitz S. Systematic review and network meta-analysis of the efficacy of existing treatments for patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab052. [PMID: 34095835 PMCID: PMC8174573 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite advances in the treatment of cancers over the last years, treatment options for patients with recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) remain limited with poor outcomes. Many regimens have been investigated in clinical trials; however, there is a lack of knowledge on comparative effectiveness. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of existing treatment strategies and to estimate the relative efficacy of these regimens in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Methods We conducted a systematic review to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating any treatment regimen in adult patients suffering from rGBM. Connected studies reporting at least one of our primary outcomes were included in a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) estimating relative treatment effects. Results Forty RCTs fulfilled our inclusion criteria evaluating the efficacy of 38 drugs as mono- or combination therapy. Median OS ranged from 2.9 to 18.3 months; median PFS ranged from 0.7 to 6 months. We performed an NMA including 24 treatments that were connected within a large evidence network. Our NMA indicated improvement in PFS with most bevacizumab (BV)-based regimens compared to other regimens. We did not find any differences in OS between treatments. Conclusion This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of existing treatment options for rGBM. The NMA provides relative effects for many of these treatment regimens, which have not been directly compared in RCTs. Overall, outcomes for patients with rGBM remain poor across all treatment options, highlighting the need for innovative treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schritz
- Competence Center for Methodology and Statistics, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Nassera Aouali
- Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation Center, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Aurélie Fischer
- Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation Center, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Coralie Dessenne
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Roisin Adams
- National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Guy Berchem
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Laetitia Huiart
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Susanne Schmitz
- Competence Center for Methodology and Statistics, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
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38
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Analysis of Factors Associated with Long-Term Survival in Patients with Glioblastoma. World Neurosurg 2021; 149:e758-e765. [PMID: 33540096 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) survive 3-5 years (or longer) after diagnosis. The goal of this study was to identify differences between the long-term survivors (LTS) and those who had a shorter overall survival (non-LTS groups). METHODS This study was a retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained surgical databases. All patients who underwent safe maximal resection for GBM were included. Demographic, clinical, radiologic, and pathologic data were obtained from electronic medical records. Values of the biomarkers of systemic inflammation were computed from the preoperative hemogram reports. Patients with an overall survival (OS) ≥36 months were defined as the LTS group and were compared with the non-LTS groups (OS<36 months). RESULTS Patients in the LTS group were younger, had a better baseline performance status, and were more likely to have undergone near- or gross-total resection. LTS was associated with lower Ki67 labeling, MGMT methylation, IDH mutation, and lack of p53 overexpression. Several novel findings were generated by this study. A longer pretreatment duration of symptoms was associated with a longer OS. Higher pretreatment levels of the absolute neutrophil count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-lymphocyte ratio, derived neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and systemic index of inflammation, and lower levels of the absolute eosinophil count and eosinophil-lymphocyte ratio all correlated with a shorter OS. CONCLUSIONS Several differences were identified between the LTS and non-LTS groups. These differences will likely be incorporated into future prognostic models. They may also aid in differentiation between recurrent disease and treatment-related changes.
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Scoccianti S, Perna M, Olmetto E, Delli Paoli C, Terziani F, Ciccone LP, Detti B, Greto D, Simontacchi G, Grassi R, Scoccimarro E, Bonomo P, Mangoni M, Desideri I, Di Cataldo V, Vernaleone M, Casati M, Pallotta S, Livi L. Local treatment for relapsing glioblastoma: A decision-making tree for choosing between reirradiation and second surgery. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 157:103184. [PMID: 33307416 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In case of circumscribed recurrent glioblastoma (rec-GBM), a second surgery (Re-S) and reirradiation (Re-RT) are local strategies to consider. The aim is to provide an algorithm to use in the daily clinical practice. The first step is to consider the life expectancy in order to establish whether the patient should be a candidate for active treatment. In case of a relatively good life expectancy (>3 months) and a confirmed circumscribed disease(i.e. without multiple lesions that are in different lobes/hemispheres), the next step is the assessment of the prognostic factors for local treatments. Based on the existing prognostic score systems, patients who should be excluded from local treatments may be identified; based on the validated prognostic factors, one or the other local treatment may be preferred. The last point is the estimation of expected toxicity, considering patient-related, tumor-related and treatment-related factors impacting on side effects. Lastly, patients with very good prognostic factors may be considered for receiving a combined treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Scoccianti
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Radiotherapy Unit, Oncology Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Marco Perna
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Radiotherapy Unit, Oncology Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuela Olmetto
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Radiotherapy Unit, Oncology Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Camilla Delli Paoli
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Radiotherapy Unit, Oncology Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Terziani
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Radiotherapy Unit, Oncology Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Pia Ciccone
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Radiotherapy Unit, Oncology Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Beatrice Detti
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Radiotherapy Unit, Oncology Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Greto
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Radiotherapy Unit, Oncology Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Simontacchi
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Radiotherapy Unit, Oncology Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Grassi
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Radiotherapy Unit, Oncology Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Erika Scoccimarro
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Radiotherapy Unit, Oncology Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Bonomo
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Radiotherapy Unit, Oncology Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Mangoni
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Radiotherapy Unit, Oncology Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Isacco Desideri
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Radiotherapy Unit, Oncology Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Vanessa Di Cataldo
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Radiotherapy Unit, Oncology Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Vernaleone
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Radiotherapy Unit, Oncology Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Casati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Medical Physics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefania Pallotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Medical Physics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Livi
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Radiotherapy Unit, Oncology Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Gunawan PY, Islam AA, July J, Patellongi I, Nasrum M, Aninditha T. Karnofsky Performance Scale and Neurological Assessment of Neuro-Oncology Scale as Early Predictor in Glioma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3387-3392. [PMID: 33247700 PMCID: PMC8033113 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.11.3387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioma is one of the most frequent and disabling primary brain tumour. Patients are not only dealing with survival, but also quality of life, which remains another major concern. Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) is one of the most commonly used scale to assess patients' quality of life. A recent scale, known as Neurological Assessment of Neuro-Oncology Scale, has surfaced to examine neurological disability caused by brain tumour. Previous study showed this scale to be superior to KPS in predicting survival. However, these scales have never been used to foresee functional scale improvement during disease progression. We sought to determine whether initial KPS and NANO Scale can predict functional scale improvement 2 months after surgery. METHODS Patients with glioma grade II-IV were included in the study. IDH mutation and MGMT methylation were tested. KPS and NANO scale were examined before surgery and 2 months after surgery. Favorable outcome (FO) was defined as improvement in functional scale 2 months after surgery. Patients initial functional scales were analyzed towards favorable outcome. RESULTS Glioma WHO grade II, III and IV was found in 17 patients (36.2%), 3 patients (6.4%) and 27 patients (57.4%) respectively. Median KPS before and 2 months after surgery were 50 (30-80) and 60 (0-100), whereas median NANO scale before and 2 months after surgery were 5 (0-12) and 3 (0-12). Favorable outcome was found in 63.8% (KPS) and 78.7% (NANO Scale). Patients initial functional scales were significantly related to FO. CONCLUSION Good initial functional scales are 4 to 5 times likely of having a favorable outcome 2 months after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pricilla Yani Gunawan
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Jl. M.H.Thamrin Boulevard 1100, Lippo Village, Tangerang 15811, Indonesia.
| | - Andi Asadul Islam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl.Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Makassar, Indonesia.
| | - Julius July
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Jl. M.H.Thamrin Boulevard 1100, Lippo Village, Tangerang 15811, Indonesia.
| | - Ilhamjaya Patellongi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl.Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Makassar, Indonesia.
| | - Muhammad Nasrum
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl.Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Makassar, Indonesia.
| | - Tiara Aninditha
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia. Jl. Diponegoro No.71, Jakarta, Indonesia.
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Ene CI, Cimino PJ, Fine HA, Holland EC. Incorporating genomic signatures into surgical and medical decision-making for elderly glioblastoma patients. Neurosurg Focus 2020; 49:E11. [PMID: 33002863 DOI: 10.3171/2020.7.focus20418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of malignant primary brain tumor in adults. It is a uniformly fatal disease (median overall survival 16 months) even with aggressive resection and an adjuvant temozolomide-based chemoradiation regimen. Age remains an independent risk factor for a poor prognosis. Several factors contribute to the dismal outcomes in the elderly population with GBM, including poor baseline health status, differences in underlying genomic alterations, and variability in the surgical and medical management of this subpopulation. The latter arises from a lack of adequate representation of elderly patients in clinical trials, resulting in limited data on the response of this subpopulation to standard treatment. Results from retrospective and some prospective studies have indicated that resection of only contrast-enhancing lesions and administration of hypofractionated radiotherapy in combination with temozolomide are effective strategies for optimizing survival while maintaining baseline quality of life in elderly GBM patients; however, survival remains dismal relative to that in a younger cohort. Here, the authors present historical context for the current strategies used for the multimodal management (surgical and medical) of elderly patients with GBM. Furthermore, they provide insights into elderly GBM patient-specific genomic signatures such as isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) wildtype status, telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (TERTp) mutations, and somatic copy number alterations including CDK4/MDM2 coamplification, which are becoming better understood and could be utilized in a clinical trial design and patient stratification to guide the development of more effective adjuvant therapies specifically for elderly GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibawanye I Ene
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine
| | - Patrick J Cimino
- 2Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Howard A Fine
- 3Meyer Cancer Center, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and
| | - Eric C Holland
- 4Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Ius T, Somma T, Altieri R, Angileri FF, Barbagallo GM, Cappabianca P, Certo F, Cofano F, D'Elia A, Della Pepa GM, Esposito V, Fontanella MM, Germanò A, Garbossa D, Isola M, La Rocca G, Maiuri F, Olivi A, Panciani PP, Pignotti F, Skrap M, Spena G, Sabatino G. Is age an additional factor in the treatment of elderly patients with glioblastoma? A new stratification model: an Italian Multicenter Study. Neurosurg Focus 2020; 49:E13. [PMID: 33002864 DOI: 10.3171/2020.7.focus20420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Approximately half of glioblastoma (GBM) cases develop in geriatric patients, and this trend is destined to increase with the aging of the population. The optimal strategy for management of GBM in elderly patients remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the role of surgery in the elderly (≥ 65 years old) based on clinical, molecular, and imaging data routinely available in neurosurgical departments and to assess a prognostic survival score that could be helpful in stratifying the prognosis for elderly GBM patients. METHODS Clinical, radiological, surgical, and molecular data were retrospectively analyzed in 322 patients with GBM from 9 neurosurgical centers. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of survival. A random forest approach (classification and regression tree [CART] analysis) was utilized to create the prognostic survival score. RESULTS Survival analysis showed that overall survival (OS) was influenced by age as a continuous variable (p = 0.018), MGMT (p = 0.012), extent of resection (EOR; p = 0.002), and preoperative tumor growth pattern (evaluated with the preoperative T1/T2 MRI index; p = 0.002). CART analysis was used to create the prognostic survival score, forming six different survival groups on the basis of tumor volumetric, surgical, and molecular features. Terminal nodes with similar hazard ratios were grouped together to form a final diagram composed of five classes with different OSs (p < 0.0001). EOR was the most robust influencing factor in the algorithm hierarchy, while age appeared at the third node of the CART algorithm. The ability of the prognostic survival score to predict death was determined by a Harrell's c-index of 0.75 (95% CI 0.76-0.81). CONCLUSIONS The CART algorithm provided a promising, thorough, and new clinical prognostic survival score for elderly surgical patients with GBM. The prognostic survival score can be useful to stratify survival risk in elderly GBM patients with different surgical, radiological, and molecular profiles, thus assisting physicians in daily clinical management. The preliminary model, however, requires validation with future prospective investigations. Practical recommendations for clinicians/surgeons would strengthen the quality of the study; e.g., surgery can be considered as a first therapeutic option in the workflow of elderly patients with GBM, especially when the preoperative estimated EOR is greater than 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Ius
- 1Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine
| | - Teresa Somma
- 2Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples
| | - Roberto Altieri
- 3Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (G.F. Ingrassia); Neurological Surgery, Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco" University Hospital, University of Catania
| | | | - Giuseppe Maria Barbagallo
- 3Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (G.F. Ingrassia); Neurological Surgery, Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco" University Hospital, University of Catania.,4Interdisciplinary Research Center on Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Treatment, University of Catania
| | - Paolo Cappabianca
- 2Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples
| | - Francesco Certo
- 3Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (G.F. Ingrassia); Neurological Surgery, Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco" University Hospital, University of Catania.,4Interdisciplinary Research Center on Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Treatment, University of Catania
| | - Fabio Cofano
- 6Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini," Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin
| | - Alessandro D'Elia
- 7Department of Neurosurgery "Giampaolo Cantore"-IRCSS Neuromed, Pozzilli
| | | | - Vincenzo Esposito
- 7Department of Neurosurgery "Giampaolo Cantore"-IRCSS Neuromed, Pozzilli.,9Department of Human Neurosciences-"Sapienza" University of Rome
| | - Marco Maria Fontanella
- 10Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia
| | - Antonino Germanò
- 5Division of Neurosurgery, BIOMORF Department, University of Messina
| | - Diego Garbossa
- 6Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini," Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin
| | | | - Giuseppe La Rocca
- 8Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Catholic University, Rome.,13Department of Neurosurgery, Mater Olbia Hospital, Olbia, Italy
| | - Francesco Maiuri
- 2Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples
| | - Alessandro Olivi
- 8Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Catholic University, Rome
| | - Pier Paolo Panciani
- 10Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia
| | | | - Miran Skrap
- 1Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine
| | | | - Giovanni Sabatino
- 8Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Catholic University, Rome.,13Department of Neurosurgery, Mater Olbia Hospital, Olbia, Italy
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Zhang P, Xia Q, Liu L, Li S, Dong L. Current Opinion on Molecular Characterization for GBM Classification in Guiding Clinical Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:562798. [PMID: 33102518 PMCID: PMC7506064 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.562798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is highly invasive and the deadliest brain tumor in adults. It is characterized by inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity, short patient survival, and lack of effective treatment. Prognosis and therapy selection is driven by molecular data from gene transcription, genetic alterations and DNA methylation. The four GBM molecular subtypes are proneural, neural, classical, and mesenchymal. More effective personalized therapy heavily depends on higher resolution molecular subtype signatures, combined with gene therapy, immunotherapy and organoid technology. In this review, we summarize the principal GBM molecular classifications that guide diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shouwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Therapeutic Strategies for Overcoming Immunotherapy Resistance Mediated by Immunosuppressive Factors of the Glioblastoma Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071960. [PMID: 32707672 PMCID: PMC7409093 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Various mechanisms of treatment resistance have been reported for glioblastoma (GBM) and other tumors. Resistance to immunotherapy in GBM patients may be caused by acquisition of immunosuppressive ability by tumor cells and an altered tumor microenvironment. Although novel strategies using an immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), such as anti-programmed cell death-1 antibody, have been clinically proven to be effective in many types of malignant tumors, such strategies may be insufficient to prevent regrowth in recurrent GBM. The main cause of GBM recurrence may be the existence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment involving immunosuppressive cytokines, extracellular vesicles, chemokines produced by glioma and glioma-initiating cells, immunosuppressive cells, etc. Among these, recent research has paid attention to various immunosuppressive cells—including M2-type macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells—that cause immunosuppression in GBM microenvironments. Here, we review the epidemiological features, tumor immune microenvironment, and associations between the expression of immune checkpoint molecules and the prognosis of GBM. We also reviewed various ongoing or future immunotherapies for GBM. Various strategies, such as a combination of ICI therapies, might overcome these immunosuppressive mechanisms in the GBM microenvironment.
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45
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Gatson NTN, Bross SP, Odia Y, Mongelluzzo GJ, Hu Y, Lockard L, Manikowski JJ, Mahadevan A, Kazmi SAJ, Lacroix M, Conger AR, Vadakara J, Nayak L, Chi TL, Mehta MP, Puduvalli VK. Early imaging marker of progressing glioblastoma: a window of opportunity. J Neurooncol 2020; 148:629-640. [PMID: 32602020 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Therapeutic intervention at glioblastoma (GBM) progression, as defined by current assessment criteria, is arguably too late as second-line therapies fail to extend survival. Still, most GBM trials target recurrent disease. We propose integration of a novel imaging biomarker to more confidently and promptly define progression and propose a critical timepoint for earlier intervention to extend therapeutic exposure. METHODS A retrospective review of 609 GBM patients between 2006 and 2019 yielded 135 meeting resection, clinical, and imaging inclusion criteria. We qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed 2000+ sequential brain MRIs (initial diagnosis to first progression) for development of T2 FLAIR signal intensity (SI) within the resection cavity (RC) compared to the ventricles (V) for quantitative inter-image normalization. PFS and OS were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves stratified by SI. Specificity and sensitivity were determined using a 2 × 2 table and pathology confirmation at progression. Multivariate analysis evaluated SI effect on the hazard rate for death after adjusting for established prognostic covariates. Recursive partitioning determined successive quantifiers and cutoffs associated with outcomes. Neurological deficits correlated with SI. RESULTS Seventy-five percent of patients developed SI on average 3.4 months before RANO-assessed progression with 84% sensitivity. SI-positivity portended neurological decline and significantly poorer outcomes for PFS (median, 10 vs. 15 months) and OS (median, 20 vs. 29 months) compared to SI-negative. RC/V ratio ≥ 4 was the most significant prognostic indicator of death. CONCLUSION Implications of these data are far-reaching, potentially shifting paradigms for glioma treatment response assessment, altering timepoints for salvage therapeutic intervention, and reshaping glioma clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Tosha N Gatson
- Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA, 17822, USA. .,Cancer Institute, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA, 17822, USA. .,Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, 18509, USA. .,Geisinger Medical Center, Neuroscience Institute MC 14-03, 100 N. Academy Ave, Danville, PA, 17822, USA.
| | - Shane P Bross
- Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Yazmin Odia
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute/Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, 33176, USA
| | | | - Yirui Hu
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Laura Lockard
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, 18509, USA
| | | | - Anand Mahadevan
- Cancer Institute, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Syed A J Kazmi
- Department of Pathology, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Michel Lacroix
- Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Andrew R Conger
- Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA, 17822, USA.,Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, 18509, USA
| | - Joseph Vadakara
- Cancer Institute, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Lakshmi Nayak
- Harvard Medical School, Center for Neuro-Oncology,, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - T Linda Chi
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Minesh P Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute/Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, 33176, USA
| | - Vinay K Puduvalli
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, The OH State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James and OSU Neurological Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Aparicio-Blanco J, Sanz-Arriazu L, Lorenzoni R, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Glioblastoma chemotherapeutic agents used in the clinical setting and in clinical trials: Nanomedicine approaches to improve their efficacy. Int J Pharm 2020; 581:119283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Di Nunno V, Franceschi E, Gatto L, Bartolini S, Brandes AA. Predictive markers of immune response in glioblastoma: hopes and facts. Future Oncol 2020; 16:1053-1063. [PMID: 32270715 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) represent a concrete hope for patients with advanced solid tumors. Indeed, patients responding to these agents may experience a long-lasting response. Recently, results of interventional clinical trials investigated the role of ICIs in patients with glioblastoma. Results of these studies suggested that only a small percentage of these patients could benefit from these agents. Research of predictive markers assumes a critical importance to adequately select patients likely to benefit from ICIs. Molecular and clinical variables associated to tumors and patients have been evaluated as potential predictive markers. Main aim of the current work is to summarize and critically evaluate current knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Di Nunno
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda USL/IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Franceschi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda USL/IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lidia Gatto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda USL/IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Bartolini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda USL/IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alba Ariela Brandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda USL/IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
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Yaprak G, Isık N, Gemici C, Pekyurek M, Ceylaner Bıcakcı B, Demircioglu F, Tatarlı N. Stereotactic Radiotherapy in Recurrent Glioblastoma: A Valid Salvage Treatment Option. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2020; 98:167-175. [PMID: 32248188 DOI: 10.1159/000505706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is a dismal disease. Recurrence is inevitable despite initial surgery and postoperative temozolomide (TMZ) and radiotherapy. Salvage surgery is the standard treatment in selected patients. Chemotherapy, biological agents, and re-irradiation are other treatment approaches available. Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) is nowadays a common treatment as a salvage treatment option. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the files of 132 GBM cases treated between 2010 and 2018. All patients received TMZ and radiotherapy after surgery or biopsy. Among the patients who had recurrence, we identified 42 cases treated with salvage SRT. The CyberKnife robotic system was used to administer SRT. RESULTS While the median follow-up time for all patients was 16 months (range 1-123), the median follow-up time for patients treated with SRT after initial diagnosis was 26.5 months (range 9-123). The median follow-up time after SRT was 10 months (range 2-107). SRT was performed in a median of 3 fractions (range 2-5). The median prescription dose was 20 Gy (range 18-30). While the median actuarial survival after initial diagnosis for patients treated with salvage SRT was 30 months (range 9-123), it was only 14 months (range 1-111) for patients who could not be treated with salvage SRT (p = 0.001). The median survival time after SRT was 12 months, and 1- and 2-year survival rates were 48 and 9%, respectively. The time to progression after SRT was 5 months (range 1-62), and 6-month and 1-year progression-free survival rates were 50 and 22%, respectively. Patients with longer time to recurrence >12 months had longer overall survival with respect to the ones having recurrence <12 months (p < 0.001). Salvage surgery had been performed in 7 out of 42 patients before SRT. These reoperated patients had significantly worse survival after SRT when compared to the patients who underwent SRT alone (p = 0.02). SRT was well tolerated and there was no grade III/IV toxicity. CONCLUSIONS SRT is a viable salvage treatment option for recurrent GBM. SRT provides acceptable local control and survival benefit for recurrent GBM cases. SRT can be considered especially in patients with long time to recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Yaprak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Lutfi Kırdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey,
| | - Naciye Isık
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Lutfi Kırdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Gemici
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Lutfi Kırdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Pekyurek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Lutfi Kırdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beyhan Ceylaner Bıcakcı
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Lutfi Kırdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Demircioglu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Lutfi Kırdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Necati Tatarlı
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Lutfi Kırdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Guo XD, Ji J, Xue TF, Sun YQ, Guo RB, Cheng H, Sun XL. FTY720 Exerts Anti-Glioma Effects by Regulating the Glioma Microenvironment Through Increased CXCR4 Internalization by Glioma-Associated Microglia. Front Immunol 2020; 11:178. [PMID: 32194542 PMCID: PMC7065571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant and aggressive primary brain tumors. The incurability of glioblastoma is heavily influenced by the glioma microenvironment. FTY720, a potent immunosuppressant, has been reported to exert anti-tumor effects in glioblastoma. However, the impact of FTY720 on the glioma microenvironment remains unclear. Methods: We examined the effects of FTY720 on the distribution and polarization of glioma-associated microglia and macrophages (GAMs) in glioma-bearing rats using immunofluorescence staining. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expressions of CXCR4 and MAPK pathway-related signal molecules on microglia in the coculture system. The levels of inflammatory factors were tested via ELISA. Wound healing assay and Matrigel invasion assay were used to determine the migration and invasion of C6 glioma cells. Results: We discovered that FTY720 could inhibit the growth, migration, and invasion of glioma by targeting GAMs to impede their effect on glioma cells. Simultaneously, FTY720 could block the chemoattraction of GAMs by inhibiting MAPK-mediated secretion of IL-6 through increased internalization of CXCR4. Moreover, microglia and macrophages are polarized from pro-glioma to an anti-tumor phenotype. Conclusion: These results provide novel insights into the inhibitory effects of FTY720 on glioma by targeting GAMs-glioma interaction in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Guo
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Juan Ji
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teng-Fei Xue
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Qin Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruo-Bing Guo
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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50
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Królicki L, Kunikowska J, Bruchertseifer F, Koziara H, Królicki B, Jakuciński M, Pawlak D, Rola R, Morgenstern A, Rosiak E, Merlo A. 225Ac- and 213Bi-Substance P Analogues for Glioma Therapy. Semin Nucl Med 2020; 50:141-151. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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