1
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Francesconi V, Rizzo M, Schenone S, Carbone A, Tonelli M. State-of-the-art Review on the Antiparasitic Activity of Benzimidazolebased Derivatives: Facing Malaria, Leishmaniasis, and Trypanosomiasis. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1955-1982. [PMID: 37718524 PMCID: PMC11071657 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230915093928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Protozoan parasites represent a significant risk for public health worldwide, afflicting particularly people in more vulnerable categories and cause large morbidity and heavy economic impact. Traditional drugs are limited by their toxicity, low efficacy, route of administration, and cost, reflecting their low priority in global health management. Moreover, the drug resistance phenomenon threatens the positive therapy outcome. This scenario claims the need of addressing more adequate therapies. Among the diverse strategies implemented, the medicinal chemistry efforts have also focused their attention on the benzimidazole nucleus as a promising pharmacophore for the generation of new drug candidates. Hence, the present review provides a global insight into recent progress in benzimidazole-based derivatives drug discovery against important protozoan diseases, such as malaria, leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis. The more relevant chemical features and structure-activity relationship studies of these molecules are discussed for the purpose of paving the way towards the development of more viable drugs for the treatment of these parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Francesconi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Marco Rizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Anna Carbone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Michele Tonelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, Genoa, 16132, Italy
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2
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Chen X, Zhou XY, Liu HL, Zhang S, Bao M. Cu-catalyzed convenient synthesis of 2-trifluoromethyl benzimidazoles via cyclization of o-phenylenediamines with hexafluoroacetylacetone. Org Biomol Chem 2023. [PMID: 38018160 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01702h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and convenient method for the synthesis of 2-trifluoromethyl benzimidazoles is described in this paper. The cyclization reaction of various o-phenylenediamines with hexafluoroacetylacetone proceeded smoothly in the presence of Cu2O as the catalyst to produce 2-trifluoromethyl benzimidazoles in satisfactory to excellent yields (up to >99% yield). The CF3 source, hexafluoroacetylacetone, acted not only as cyclization partner, but also acted as a ligand for the Cu catalyst. Various synthetically useful functional groups, such as halogen atoms, cyano, and methoxycarbonyl groups, remained intact during the cyclization reactions. The reaction mechanism was thoroughly investigated and was determined to involve a seven-membered cyclic diimine intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, 553004, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, 553004, China.
| | - Hai-Long Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, 553004, China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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3
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Darwish AS, Mahmoud SS, Bayaumy FE. Microwave-assisted hydrothermal fabrication of hierarchical-stacked mesoporous decavanadate-intercalated ZnAl nanolayered double hydroxide to exterminate different developmental stages of Trichinella spiralis and Schistosoma mansoniin-vitro. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18110. [PMID: 37483817 PMCID: PMC10362335 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hierarchically stacked mesoporous zinc-aluminium nanolayered-double-hydroxide intercalated with decavanadate (ZnAl-LDH-V10O28) is constructed using anion-exchange process via microwave-hydrothermal treatment. Physicochemical properties of ZnAl-LDH-V10O28 are characterized in detail. Decavanadate anions are intimately interacted with ZnAl-LDH nanosheets, generating highly ordered architecture of well-dimensioned stacking blocks of brucite-like nanolayers (∼8 nm). Such hierarchy improves surface-porosity and electrical-impedivity of ZnAl-LDH-V10O28 with declining its zeta-potential (ζav = 8.8 mV). In-vitro treatment of various developmental-stages of Trichinella spiralis and Schistosoma mansoni by ZnAl-LDH-V10O28 is recognized using parasitological and morphological (SEM/TEM) analyses. ZnAl-LDH-V10O28 exterminates muscle-larvae and adult-worms of Trichinella spiralis, and juvenile and adult Schistosoma mansoni, yielding near 100% mortality with rates achieving 5%/h within about 17 h of incubation. This parasiticidal behavior results from the symphony of biological activity gathering decavanadate and LDH-nanosheets. Indeed, ZnAl-LDH-V10O28 nanohybrid sample, as a promissory biocide for killing food-borne/waterborne parasites, becomes a futuristic research hotspot for studying its in-vivo bioactivity and impact-effectiveness on parasite molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef S. Darwish
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soheir S. Mahmoud
- Schistosome Biological Materials Supply Program, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fatma E.A. Bayaumy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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4
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Alheety NF, Mohammed LA, Majeed AH, Aydin A, Ahmed KD, Alheety MA, Guma MA, Dohare S. Antiproliferative and antimicrobial studies of novel organic-inorganic nanohybrids of ethyl 2-((5-methoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)thio)acetate (EMBIA) with TiO2 and ZnO. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Xu P, Wang XY, Wang Z, Zhao J, Cao XD, Xiong XC, Yuan YC, Zhu S, Guo D, Zhu X. Defluorinative Alkylation of Trifluoromethylbenzimidazoles Enabled by Spin-Center Shift: A Synergistic Photocatalysis/Thiol Catalysis Process with CO 2•. Org Lett 2022; 24:4075-4080. [PMID: 35648621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We describe a catalytic strategy for direct single C(sp3)-F bond alkylation of trifluoromethylbenzimidazoles under a photoinduced thiol catalysis process. The CO2 radical anion (CO2•-) proved to be the most efficient single-electron reductant to realize such a transformation. The spin-center shift of the generated radical anion intermediate is the key step in realizing C-F bond activation under mild conditions with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xing-Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Zhijuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering (SCME), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jinjin Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering (SCME), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xu-Dong Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yu-Chao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Songlei Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
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6
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Amahong K, Yan M, Li J, Yang N, Liu H, Bi X, Vuitton DA, Lin R, Lü G. EgGLUT1 Is Crucial for the Viability of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto Metacestode: A New Therapeutic Target? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:747739. [PMID: 34858873 PMCID: PMC8632494 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.747739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by infection with the larvae of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) cluster. It is urgent to identify novel drug targets and develop new drug candidates against CE. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is mainly responsible for the transmembrane transport of glucose to maintain its constant cellular availability and is a recent research hotspot as a drug target in various diseases. However, the role of GLUT1 in E. granulosus s.l. (EgGLUT1) was unknown. In this study, we cloned a conserved GLUT1 homology gene (named EgGLUT1-ss) from E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) and found EgGLUT1-ss was crucial for glucose uptake and viability by the protoscoleces of E. granulosus s.s. WZB117, a GLUT1 inhibitor, inhibited glucose uptake by E. granulosus s.s. and the viability of the metacestode in vitro. In addition, WZB117 showed significant therapeutic activity in E. granulosus s.s.-infected mice: a 10 mg/kg dose of WZB117 significantly reduced the number and weight of parasite cysts (P < 0.05) as efficiently as the reference drug, albendazole. Our results demonstrate that EgGLUT1-ss is crucial for glucose uptake by the protoscoleces of E. granulosus s.s., and its inhibitor WZB117 has a therapeutic effect on CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuerbannisha Amahong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Mingzhi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jintian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaojuan Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Dominique A Vuitton
- French National Reference Centre for Echinococcosis, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Renyong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Care Management of Echinococcosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Guodong Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Care Management of Echinococcosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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7
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Brishty SR, Hossain MJ, Khandaker MU, Faruque MRI, Osman H, Rahman SMA. A Comprehensive Account on Recent Progress in Pharmacological Activities of Benzimidazole Derivatives. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:762807. [PMID: 34803707 PMCID: PMC8597275 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.762807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, nitrogenous heterocyclic molecules have attracted a great deal of interest among medicinal chemists. Among these potential heterocyclic drugs, benzimidazole scaffolds are considerably prevalent. Due to their isostructural pharmacophore of naturally occurring active biomolecules, benzimidazole derivatives have significant importance as chemotherapeutic agents in diverse clinical conditions. Researchers have synthesized plenty of benzimidazole derivatives in the last decades, amidst a large share of these compounds exerted excellent bioactivity against many ailments with outstanding bioavailability, safety, and stability profiles. In this comprehensive review, we have summarized the bioactivity of the benzimidazole derivatives reported in recent literature (2012-2021) with their available structure-activity relationship. Compounds bearing benzimidazole nucleus possess broad-spectrum pharmacological properties ranging from common antibacterial effects to the world's most virulent diseases. Several promising therapeutic candidates are undergoing human trials, and some of these are going to be approved for clinical use. However, notable challenges, such as drug resistance, costly and tedious synthetic methods, little structural information of receptors, lack of advanced software, and so on, are still viable to be overcome for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shejuti Rahman Brishty
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | | | - Hamid Osman
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. M. Abdur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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8
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Synthesis, Antiprotozoal Activity, and Cheminformatic Analysis of 2-Phenyl-2 H-Indazole Derivatives. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082145. [PMID: 33917871 PMCID: PMC8068258 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Indazole is an important scaffold in medicinal chemistry. At present, the progress on synthetic methodologies has allowed the preparation of several new indazole derivatives with interesting pharmacological properties. Particularly, the antiprotozoal activity of indazole derivatives have been recently reported. Herein, a series of 22 indazole derivatives was synthesized and studied as antiprotozoals. The 2-phenyl-2H-indazole scaffold was accessed by a one-pot procedure, which includes a combination of ultrasound synthesis under neat conditions as well as Cadogan's cyclization. Moreover, some compounds were derivatized to have an appropriate set to provide structure-activity relationships (SAR) information. Whereas the antiprotozoal activity of six of these compounds against E. histolytica, G. intestinalis, and T. vaginalis had been previously reported, the activity of the additional 16 compounds was evaluated against these same protozoa. The biological assays revealed structural features that favor the antiprotozoal activity against the three protozoans tested, e.g., electron withdrawing groups at the 2-phenyl ring. It is important to mention that the indazole derivatives possess strong antiprotozoal activity and are also characterized by a continuous SAR.
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9
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Moreno-Herrera A, Cortez-Maya S, Bocanegra-Garcia V, Banik BK, Rivera G. Recent Advances in the Development of Broad-Spectrum Antiprotozoal Agents. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:583-606. [PMID: 32124688 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200303170000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Plasmodium spp., and Trichomonas vaginalis, are part of a large list of human parasitic diseases. Together, they cause more than 500 million infections per year. These protozoa parasites affect both low- and high-income countries and their pharmacological treatments are limited. Therefore, new and more effective drugs in preclinical development could improve overall therapy for parasitic infections even when their mechanisms of action are unknown. In this review, a number of heterocyclic compounds (diamidine, guanidine, quinoline, benzimidazole, thiazole, diazanaphthalene, and their derivatives) reported as antiprotozoal agents are discussed as options for developing new pharmacological treatments for parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Moreno-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia Farmaceutica, Centro de Biotecnologia Genomica, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Sandra Cortez-Maya
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Cd. Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacan, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Virgilio Bocanegra-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia Farmaceutica, Centro de Biotecnologia Genomica, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Bimal Krishna Banik
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Deanship of Research, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia Farmaceutica, Centro de Biotecnologia Genomica, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
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10
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Metabolic effects of anthelminthic drugs in the larval stage of the cestode Taenia crassiceps, cysticercosis experimental model - A review. Acta Trop 2020; 206:105448. [PMID: 32194066 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Taenia crassiceps is an experimental model used for cysticercosis studies and has suffered metabolic analyzes regarding the effect of anthelminthic drugs. The metabolic analyses are useful tools to determine the drugs mode of action and the parasite`s survival mechanisms. The energetic pathways are good candidates for this kind of approach as they are essential for the parasite`s survival and adaptation to the environment. In this review we discuss the anthelminthic drugs mode of action and its metabolic impact on Taenia crassiceps cysticerci.
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11
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Picanço GDA, Lima NF, Alves DSMM, Fraga CM, Costa TL, Junior RDSL, Castillo R, Hernández-Campos A, Ambrosio J, Vinaud MC. Partial inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in Taenia crassiceps cysticerci after the in vitro exposure to a benzimidazole derivative (RCB15). Acta Trop 2020; 202:105254. [PMID: 31689380 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The benzimidazole derivative, 6-chloro-5-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazole (RCB15), has a similar mode of action and efficacy as albendazole, a commonly used anthelminthic drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate its influence on the tricarboxylic acid cycle in Taenia crassiceps cysticerci. The parasites were cultured in supplemented RPMI medium containing albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSO) or RCB15, for 24 h. Then, frozen in liquid nitrogen for organic metabolites extraction. Samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and organic acids of the tricarboxylic acid cycle were detected. It was possible to observe changes in the concentrations of all acids involved in this metabolic pathway, with the exception of α-ketoglutarate, which was not detected in the control group neither in most of the treated groups. It indicates that the parasite presented a partial inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The significant increase in the concentration of citrate, oxaloacetate and succinate in the RCB15 treated groups may indicate an activation of the fumarate reductase pathway, leading to metabolic distress. Therefore RCB15 may be considered an alternative for the treatment of tissue parasitic diseases, since it induced changes in the main metabolic pathway of the parasite.
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12
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Drug resistance in Giardia: Mechanisms and alternative treatments for Giardiasis. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2020; 107:201-282. [PMID: 32122530 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of chemotherapeutic drugs is the main resource against clinical giardiasis due to the lack of approved vaccines. Resistance of G. duodenalis to the most used drugs to treat giardiasis, metronidazole and albendazole, is a clinical issue of growing concern and yet unknown impact, respectively. In the search of new drugs, the completion of the Giardia genome project and the use of biochemical, molecular and bioinformatics tools allowed the identification of ligands/inhibitors for about one tenth of ≈150 potential drug targets in this parasite. Further, the synthesis of second generation nitroimidazoles and benzimidazoles along with high-throughput technologies have allowed not only to define overall mechanisms of resistance to metronidazole but to screen libraries of repurposed drugs and new pharmacophores, thereby increasing the known arsenal of anti-giardial compounds to some hundreds, with most demonstrating activity against metronidazole or albendazole-resistant Giardia. In particular, cysteine-modifying agents which include omeprazole, disulfiram, allicin and auranofin outstand due to their pleiotropic activity based on the extensive repertoire of thiol-containing proteins and the microaerophilic metabolism of this parasite. Other promising agents derived from higher organisms including phytochemicals, lactoferrin and propolis as well as probiotic bacteria/fungi have also demonstrated significant potential for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes in giardiasis. In this context the present chapter offers a comprehensive review of the current knowledge, including commonly prescribed drugs, causes of therapeutic failures, drug resistance mechanisms, strategies for the discovery of new agents and alternative drug therapies.
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13
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Kankate RS, Gide PS, Belsare DP. Design, synthesis and antifungal evaluation of novel benzimidazole tertiary amine type of fluconazole analogues. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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14
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Suk FM, Liu CL, Hsu MH, Chuang YT, Wang JP, Liao YJ. Treatment with a new benzimidazole derivative bearing a pyrrolidine side chain overcomes sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17259. [PMID: 31754201 PMCID: PMC6872581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Currently, sorafenib is the standard first-line drug for patients with advanced HCC. However, long-term exposure to sorafenib often results in reduced sensitivity of tumour cells to the drug, leading to acquired resistance. Therefore, developing new compounds to treat sorafenib resistance is urgently needed. Although benzimidazole and its derivatives have been reported to exert antimicrobial and antitumour effects, the anti-drug resistance potential of these molecules is still unknown. In this study, we established sorafenib-resistant (SR) cell lines and an acquired sorafenib resistance xenograft model. We showed that treatment with a benzimidazole derivative bearing a pyrrolidine side chain (compound 9a) inhibited the proliferation of SR cells by blocking the phosphorylation of AKT, p70S6 and the downstream molecule RPS6. In addition, caspase 3/PARP-dependent apoptotic signals were induced in 9a-treated cells. Regarding epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) activities, 9a treatment significantly suppressed the migration of SR cells. In particular, the levels of EMT-related transcription factors (snail, slug and twist) and mesenchymal markers (vimentin and N-cadherin) were downregulated. In the acquired sorafenib resistance xenograft model, compound 9a administration decreased the growth of tumours with acquired sorafenib resistance and the expression of the HCC markers α-fetoprotein, glypican 3 and survivin. In conclusion, treatment with this compound may be a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with sorafenib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fat-Moon Suk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lien Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hua Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chuang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jack P Wang
- Department of International Medicine, Taipei City Hospital Ranai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Liao
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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15
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Ganie AM, Dar AM, Khan FA, Dar BA. Benzimidazole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial and Antiulcer Agents: A Mini Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1292-1297. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666181017102930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:Here in we report the number of strategies for the synthesis of differently substituted benzimidazole derivatives. The protocols involved in the syntheses of these derivatives were one-pot or multi-component. The characterization studies of these derivatives were carried by using different spectroscopic techniques (1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS) and elemental analyses. The biological screening studies revealed that these benzimidazole derivatives show potential antibacterial as well as antifungal behavior. These benzimidazole derivatives not only depicted potential antiulcer properties but also showed moderate to good anticancer/cytotoxic behavior against different cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohd Ganie
- Department of Chemistry, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi U.P, India
| | - Ayaz Mahmood Dar
- Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College Kulgam 192231, J&K, India
| | - Fairooz Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College (Boys) Sopore 193201, India
| | - Bashir Ahmad Dar
- Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College (Boys) Sopore 193201, India
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16
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Design and Synthesis of Benzimidazole-Chalcone Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183259. [PMID: 31500191 PMCID: PMC6767017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous reports have shown that conjugated benzimidazole derivatives possess various kinds of biological activities, including anticancer properties. In this report, we designed and synthesized 24 new molecules comprising a benzimidazole ring, arene, and alkyl chain-bearing cyclic moieties. The results showed that the N-substituted benzimidazole derivatives bearing an alkyl chain and a nitrogen-containing 5- or 6-membered ring enhanced the cytotoxic effects on human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and human ovarian carcinoma (OVCAR-3) cell lines. Among the 24 synthesized compounds, (2E)-1-(1-(3-morpholinopropyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2 -yl)-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-one) (23a) reduced the proliferation of MCF-7 and OVCAR-3 cell lines demonstrating superior outcomes to those of cisplatin.
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17
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Pharmacological significance of heterocyclic 1 H-benzimidazole scaffolds: a review. BMC Chem 2019; 13:101. [PMID: 31410412 PMCID: PMC6685272 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds are inevitable in a numerous part of life sciences. These molecules perform various noteworthy functions in nature, medication and innovation. Nitrogen-containing heterocycles exceptionally azoles family are the matter of interest in synthesis attributable to the way that they happen pervasively in pharmacologically dynamic natural products, multipurpose arranged useful materials also profoundly powerful pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Benzimidazole moiety is the key building block for several heterocyclic scaffolds that play central role in the biologically functioning of essential molecules. They are considered as promising class of bioactive scaffolds encompassing diverse varieties of activities like antiprotozoal, antihelminthic, antimalarial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-mycobacterial and antiparasitic. Therefore in the present review we tried to compile the various pharmacological activities of different derivatives of heterocyclic benzimidazole moiety.![]()
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18
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Partial inhibition of the main energetic pathways and its metabolic consequences after in vivo treatment with benzimidazole derivatives in experimental neurocysticercosis. Parasitology 2019; 146:1578-1582. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBenzimidazole derivatives such as albendazole (ABZ) and mebendazole are important molecules used in helminthic treatment. Neurocysticercosis is the main cause of acquired epilepsy throughout the world and is currently treated with ABZ. New molecules have been studied in order to aid in the treatment of this neglected tropical disease, among them RCB15 and RCB20. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic impact of RCB15 and RCB20 on Taenia crassiceps cysticerci intracranially inoculated in Balb/c mice. Thirty days after the inoculation the mice were treated with 50 mg kg−1 of RCB15, RCB20, ABZ or NaCl 0.9%. The euthanasia and cysticerci removal were performed 24 h after the treatment. The cysticerci were analysed through high performance liquid chromatography. After the treatments, there was an impairment in the main energetic pathways such as glycolytic pathway, homolactic fermentation or in mitochondrion energy production detected through the decrease in pyruvate, lactate, oxaloacetate, malate and fumarate concentrations. This induced the parasite to resort to alternative energetic pathways such as proteins catabolism, propionate fermentation and fatty acids oxidation. Therefore, benzimidazole derivatives are a promising alternative to ABZ use as they also reach the brain tissue and induce a metabolic stress in the cysticerci.
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19
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In vitro efficacies of solubility-improved mebendazole derivatives against Echinococcus multilocularis. Parasitology 2019; 146:1256-1262. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractRecently, we introduced an epoxy group to mebendazole by a reaction with epichlorohydrin and obtained two isoforms, mebendazole C1 (M-C1) and mebendazole C2 (M-C2). The in vitro effects of mebendazole derivatives at different concentrations on Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces and metacestodes as well as cytotoxicity in rat hepatoma (RH) cells were examined. The results demonstrated that the solubility of the two derivatives was greatly improved compared to mebendazole. The mortality of protoscoleces in vitro reached to 70–80% after 7 days of exposure to mebendazole or M-C2, and M-C2 showed higher parasiticidal effects than mebendazole (P > 0.05). The parasiticidal effect of M-C1 was low, even at a concentration of 30 µm. The percentage of damaged metacestodes that were treated with mebendazole and M-C2 in vitro at different concentrations were similar, and M-C1 exhibited insignificant effects on metacestodes. Significant morphological changes on protoscoleces and metacestodes were observed after treatment with mebendazole and M-C2. In addition, the introduction of an epoxy group to mebendazole also reduced its cytotoxicity in RH cells. Our results demonstrate that the introduction of an epoxy group not only improved the solubility of mebendazole, but also increased its parasiticidal effects on E. multilocularis and reduced its cytotoxicity in RH cells.
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20
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Su WY, Pan RK, Song JL, Li GB, Liu SG. Synthesis, crystal structures and cytotoxic activity of two zinc(II) complexes derived from benzimidazole derivatives. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Karaburun AÇ, Kaya Çavuşoğlu B, Acar Çevik U, Osmaniye D, Sağlık BN, Levent S, Özkay Y, Atlı Ö, Koparal AS, Kaplancıklı ZA. Synthesis and Antifungal Potential of Some Novel Benzimidazole-1,3,4-Oxadiazole Compounds. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24010191. [PMID: 30621357 PMCID: PMC6337182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovery of novel anticandidal agents with clarified mechanisms of action, could be a rationalist approach against diverse pathogenic fungal strains due to the rise of resistance to existing drugs. In support to this hypothesis, in this paper, a series of benzimidazole-oxadiazole compounds were synthesized and subjected to antifungal activity evaluation. In vitro activity assays indicated that some of the compounds exhibited moderate to potent antifungal activities against tested Candida species when compared positive control amphotericin B and ketoconazole. The most active compounds 4h and 4p were evaluated in terms of inhibitory activity upon ergosterol biosynthesis by an LC-MS-MS method and it was determined that they inhibited ergosterol synthesis concentration dependently. Docking studies examining interactions between most active compounds and lanosterol 14-α-demethylase also supported the in vitro results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Çağrı Karaburun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Betül Kaya Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Ulviye Acar Çevik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Derya Osmaniye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Serkan Levent
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Atlı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Ali Savaş Koparal
- Open Education Faculty, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
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22
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Tonelli M, Gabriele E, Piazza F, Basilico N, Parapini S, Tasso B, Loddo R, Sparatore F, Sparatore A. Benzimidazole derivatives endowed with potent antileishmanial activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:210-226. [PMID: 29233048 PMCID: PMC7011974 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1410480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Two sets of benzimidazole derivatives were synthesised and tested in vitro for activity against promastigotes of Leishmania tropica and L. infantum. Most of the tested compounds resulted active against both Leishmania species, with IC50 values in the low micromolar/sub-micromolar range. Among the set of 2-(long chain)alkyl benzimidazoles, whose heterocyclic head was quaternised, compound 8 resulted about 100-/200-fold more potent than miltefosine, even if the selectivity index (SI) versus HMEC-1 cells was only moderately improved. In the set of 2-benzyl and 2-phenyl benzimidazoles, bearing a basic side chain in position 1, compound 28 (2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1-lupinyl-5-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole) was 12-/7-fold more potent than miltefosine, but exhibited a further improved SI. Therefore, compounds 8 and 28 represent interesting hit compounds, susceptible of structural modification to improve their safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tonelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Gabriele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Piazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Basilico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Parapini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Bruno Tasso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Loddo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Fabio Sparatore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Sparatore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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23
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Samanta PK, Banerjee R, Richards RM, Biswas P. Mesoporous silica supported ytterbium as catalyst for synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles and 2-substituted benzimidazoles. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Partha Kumar Samanta
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur; Howrah 711 103 West Bengal India
| | - Rumeli Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur; Howrah 711 103 West Bengal India
| | - Ryan M. Richards
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado School of Mines; Golden CO 80401 USA
| | - Papu Biswas
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur; Howrah 711 103 West Bengal India
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24
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Systematic search for benzimidazole compounds and derivatives with antileishmanial effects. Mol Divers 2018; 22:779-790. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9830-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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25
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de Andrade Picanço G, de Lima NF, Fraga CM, da Costa TL, Isac E, Ambrosio J, Castillo R, Vinaud MC. A benzimidazole derivative (RCB15) in vitro induces the alternative energetic metabolism and glycolysis in Taenia crassiceps cysticerci. Acta Trop 2017; 176:288-292. [PMID: 28865900 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of resistance to albendazole has encouraged the search for effective alternatives for cysticercosis and other parasitosis treatment. RCB15 is a benzimidazole derivative that may be used against such diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro effect of RCB15 on the alternative energetic pathways of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci. The cysticerci were in vitro exposed to albendazole sulphoxide (ABZSO) or RCB15 at different concentrations during 24h. The cysticerci extract and the culture medium were analyzed through spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography as to detect glucose, urea, creatinine and organic acids of the energetic metabolism. The drugs did not influence the protein catabolism. Fatty acids oxidation was enhanced through significantly higher acetate concentrations in the groups treated with RCB15 and ABZSO. Beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were decreased which indicates the use of fatty acids towards acetyl-CoA synthesis. There was a decrease in glucose uptake and pyruvate concentrations. The absence of lactate indicates the use of pyruvate in gluconeogenesis. Therefore it is possible to conclude that RCB15 enhanced the alternative energetic pathways of cysticerci in vitro exposed to different concentration, with emphasis on the fatty acids catabolism.
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26
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Nieto-Meneses R, Castillo R, Hernández-Campos A, Maldonado-Rangel A, Matius-Ruiz JB, Trejo-Soto PJ, Nogueda-Torres B, Dea-Ayuela MA, Bolás-Fernández F, Méndez-Cuesta C, Yépez-Mulia L. In vitro activity of new N-benzyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine derivatives against cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral Leishmania species. Exp Parasitol 2017; 184:82-89. [PMID: 29191699 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The identification of specific therapeutic targets and the development of new drugs against leishmaniasis are urgently needed, since chemotherapy currently available for its treatment has several problems including many adverse side effects. In an effort to develop new antileishmanial drugs, in the present study a series of 28 N-benzyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine derivatives was synthesized and evaluated in vitro against Leishmania mexicana promastigotes. Compounds 7 and 8 with the highest antileishmanial activity (micromolar) and lower cytotoxicity than miltefosine and amphotericin B were selected to evaluate their activity against L. braziliensis 9and L. donovani, species causative of mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, respectively. Compound 7 showed significantly higher activity against L. braziliensis promastigotes than compound 8 and slightly lower than miltefosine. Compounds 7 and 8 had IC50 values in the micromolar range against the amastigote of L. mexicana and L. braziliensis. However, both compounds did not show better activity against L. donovani than miltefosine. Compound 8 showed the highest SI against both parasite stages of L. mexicana. In addition, compound 8 inhibited 68.27% the activity of recombinant L. mexicana arginase (LmARG), a therapeutic target for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Docking studies were also performed in order to establish the possible mechanism of action by which this compound exerts its inhibitory effect. Compound 8 shows promising potential for the development of more potent antileishmanial benzimidazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Nieto-Meneses
- Departamento de Parasitología, ENCB-IPN, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias-Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Castillo
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, UNAM, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ma Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, Avda. Seminario s/n, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - Francisco Bolás-Fernández
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid Spain
| | | | - Lilián Yépez-Mulia
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias-Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico.
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27
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Bala V, Chhonker YS. Recent developments in anti-Trichomonas research: An update review. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:232-243. [PMID: 29175675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis is a major non-viral sexually-transmitted infection resulted into serious obstetrical and gynecological troubles. The increasing resistance to nitroimidazole therapy and recurrence makes it crucial to develop new drugs against trichomoniasis. Over the past few years, a large number of research articles highlighting the synthetic and natural product research to combat Trichomonas vaginalis have been published. Electronic databases were searched to collect all data from the year 2006 through June 2017 for anti-Trichomonas activity potential of synthetic and natural products. This review article put together the synthetic and natural product research to find out an effective metronidazole alternative to cure trichomoniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veenu Bala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India.
| | - Yashpal S Chhonker
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, USA.
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28
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Flores-Carrillo P, Velázquez-López JM, Aguayo-Ortiz R, Hernández-Campos A, Trejo-Soto PJ, Yépez-Mulia L, Castillo R. Synthesis, antiprotozoal activity, and chemoinformatic analysis of 2-(methylthio)-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxamide derivatives: Identification of new selective giardicidal and trichomonicidal compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 137:211-220. [PMID: 28595066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of twelve new 2-(methylthio)-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxamide derivatives (1-12) were synthesized and their antiparasitic activity was tested in vitro against Giardia intestinalis, Trichomonas vaginalis and Entamoeba histolytica. Experimental evaluations showed IC50 values within the nanomolar range for all tested compounds, some showing higher activity than metronidazole and albendazole. A chemoinformatic study was used to compare the structure-activity relationship of the synthesized carboxamides with those of 91 previously studied benzimidazoles, and with some Nitazoxanide-N-methylbenzimidazole hybrids recently synthetized by our group. Compounds 1 and 3 were identified as prominent selective compounds against T. vaginalis and G. intestinalis, respectively, while compound 4 was found to be of broad spectrum against the three protozoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Flores-Carrillo
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | - José Miguel Velázquez-López
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | - Alicia Hernández-Campos
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | - Pedro Josué Trejo-Soto
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | - Lilián Yépez-Mulia
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, IMSS, México, CDMX 06720, Mexico
| | - Rafael Castillo
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, CDMX 04510, Mexico.
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29
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Hsu MH, Hsu SM, Kuo YC, Liu CY, Hsieh CY, Twu YC, Wang CK, Wang YH, Liao YJ. Treatment with low-dose sorafenib in combination with a novel benzimidazole derivative bearing a pyrolidine side chain provides synergistic anti-proliferative effects against human liver cancer. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28281d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies and deadliest cancers in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Hsu
- Nuclear Science & Technology Development Center
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences
- National Yang-Ming University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Kuo
- Radiation Oncology
- Show Chwan Memorial Hospital
- Changhua
- Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology
- College of Medical Science and Technology
- Taipei Medical University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ying Hsieh
- Nuclear Science & Technology Development Center
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Yuh-Ching Twu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering
- National Yang-Ming University
- 11221 Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kwe Wang
- Department of International Medicine
- Taipei City Hospital Ranai Branch
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hsi Wang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology
- College of Medical Science and Technology
- Taipei Medical University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Liao
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology
- College of Medical Science and Technology
- Taipei Medical University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
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30
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Synthesis, Molecular Docking Studies, and Antifungal Activity Evaluation of New Benzimidazole-Triazoles as Potential Lanosterol 14α-Demethylase Inhibitors. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/9387102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to anticandidal importance of azole compounds, a new series of benzimidazole-triazole derivatives(5a–5s)were designed and synthesized as ergosterol inhibitors. The chemical structures of the target compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. The final compounds were screened for antifungal activity againstCandida glabrata(ATCC 90030),Candida krusei(ATCC 6258),Candida parapsilosis(ATCC 22019), andCandida albicans(ATCC 24433). Compounds5iand5sexhibited significant inhibitory activity againstCandidastrains with MIC50values ranging from 0.78 to 1.56 μg/mL. Cytotoxicity results revealed that IC50values of compounds5iand5sagainst NIH/3T3 are significantly higher than their MIC50values. Effect of the compounds5iand5sagainst ergosterol biosynthesis was determined by LC-MS-MS analysis. Both compounds caused a significant decrease in the ergosterol level. The molecular docking studies were performed to investigate the interaction modes between the compounds and active site of lanosterol 14-α-demethylase (CYP51), which is as a target enzyme for anticandidal azoles. Theoretical ADME predictions were also calculated for final compounds.
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Kovvuri J, Nagaraju B, Kamal A, Srivastava AK. An Efficient Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzimidazoles via Photocatalytic Condensation of o-Phenylenediamines and Aldehydes. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2016; 18:644-650. [PMID: 27631587 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A photocatalytic method has been developed for the efficient synthesis of functionalized benzimidazoles. This protocol involves photocatalytic condensation of o-phenylenediamines with various aldehydes using the Rose Bengal as photocatalyst. The method was found to be general and was successfully employed for accessing pharmaceutically important benzimidazoles by the condensation of aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic aldehydes with o-phenylenediamines, in good-to-excellent yields. Notably, the method was found to be effective for the condensation of less reactive heterocyclic aldehydes with o-phenylenediamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeshma Kovvuri
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi-110025, India
- Medicinal
Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Burri Nagaraju
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi-110025, India
- Medicinal
Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi-110025, India
- Medicinal
Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
- Catalytic
Chemistry Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajay K. Srivastava
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi-110025, India
- Medicinal
Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
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Synthesis of new α-trifluoromethyl substituted formamidines framework by using N -nucleophiles and N,S bidentate nucleophiles. J Fluor Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Mandlik V, Singh S. Integrative approaches for identification of novel ISCL inhibitors in Leishmaniasis: A computational insight into the structure. GENE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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34
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Zhou Y, Shen G, Sui Y, Zhou H. Fe(OTf) 3 -catalyzed practical synthesis of 2-trifluoromethylarylimidazoles from o -arylenediamines and hexafluoroacetylacetone. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Göker H, Karaaslan C, Püsküllü MO, Yildiz S, Duydu Y, Üstündağ A, Yalcin CÖ. Synthesis and In Vitro Activity of Polyhalogenated 2-phenylbenzimidazoles as a New Class of anti-MRSA and Anti-VRE Agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015. [PMID: 26221778 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel polyhalogenated 2-phenylbenzimidazoles have been synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antistaphylococcal activity against drug-resistant bacterial strains (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Certain compounds inhibit bacterial growth perfectly. 11 was active than vancomycin (0.78 μg/mL) with the lowest MIC values with 0.19 μg/mL against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 8 and 35 exhibited best inhibitory activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (1.56 μg/mL). The mechanism of action for this class of compounds appears to be different than clinically used antibiotics. These polyhalogenated benzimidazoles have potential for further investigation as a new class of potent anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and anti-vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Göker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Dogol Str, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Karaaslan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Dogol Str, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Orhan Püsküllü
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sulhiye Yildiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Dogol Str, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yalcin Duydu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Dogol Str, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aylin Üstündağ
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Dogol Str, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Can Özgür Yalcin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Dogol Str, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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Li Q, Hu Q, Wang X, Zong Y, Zhao L, Xing J, Zhou J, Zhang H. Discovery of Novel 2-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole Derivatives as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:509-16. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Center of Drug Discovery; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Xinning Wang
- Center of Drug Discovery; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yang Zong
- Center of Drug Discovery; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Leilei Zhao
- Center of Drug Discovery; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Junhao Xing
- Center of Drug Discovery; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Jinpei Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Huibin Zhang
- Center of Drug Discovery; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
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37
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Ming CL, Du X, Qin L, Cui GH. Crystal structural and fluorescence properties of a two-dimensional cobaltous coordination polymer containing bis(benzimidazole) ligand. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476614050205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Keri RS, Hiremathad A, Budagumpi S, Nagaraja BM. Comprehensive Review in Current Developments of Benzimidazole-Based Medicinal Chemistry. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 86:19-65. [PMID: 25352112 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The properties of benzimidazole and its derivatives have been studied over more than one hundred years. Benzimidazole derivatives are useful intermediates/subunits for the development of molecules of pharmaceutical or biological interest. Substituted benzimidazole derivatives have found applications in diverse therapeutic areas such as antiulcer, anticancer agents, and anthelmintic species to name just a few. This work systematically gives a comprehensive review in current developments of benzimidazole-based compounds in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic agents, anti-HIV, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, antihistaminic, antimalarial agents, and other medicinal agents. This review will further be helpful for the researcher on the basis of substitution pattern around the nucleus with an aim to help medicinal chemists for developing an SAR on benzimidazole drugs/compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangappa S Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Asha Hiremathad
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Srinivasa Budagumpi
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Bhari Mallanna Nagaraja
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
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Xiao YL, Zhang B, Feng Z, Zhang X. Heteroaryldifluoromethylation of Organoborons Catalyzed by Palladium: Facile Access to Aryl(Heteroaryl)difluoromethanes. Org Lett 2014; 16:4822-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502121m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Tonelli M, Novelli F, Tasso B, Vazzana I, Sparatore A, Boido V, Sparatore F, La Colla P, Sanna G, Giliberti G, Busonera B, Farci P, Ibba C, Loddo R. Antiviral activity of benzimidazole derivatives. III. Novel anti-CVB-5, anti-RSV and anti-Sb-1 agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4893-909. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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41
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Xiao YL, Guo WH, He GZ, Pan Q, Zhang X. Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Functionalized Difluoromethyl Bromides and Chlorides with Aryl Boronic Acids: A General Method for Difluoroalkylated Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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42
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Xiao YL, Guo WH, He GZ, Pan Q, Zhang X. Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of functionalized difluoromethyl bromides and chlorides with aryl boronic acids: a general method for difluoroalkylated arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9909-13. [PMID: 25044391 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed difluoroalkylation of aromatics remains challenging despite the importance of difluoroalkylated arenes in medicinal chemistry. Herein, the first successful example of nickel-catalyzed difluoroalkylation of aryl boronic acids is described. The reaction allows access to a variety of functionalized difluoromethyl bromides and chlorides, and paves the way to highly cost-efficient synthesis of a wide range of difluoroalkylated arenes. The notable features of this protocol are its high generality, excellent functional-group compatibility, low-cost nickel-catalyst, and practicality for gram-scale production, thus providing a facile method for applications in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032 (China)
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Guha R, Medina-Franco JL. On the validity versus utility of activity landscapes: are all activity cliffs statistically significant? J Cheminform 2014; 6:11. [PMID: 24694189 PMCID: PMC4021161 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2946-6-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most work on the topic of activity landscapes has focused on their quantitative description and visual representation, with the aim of aiding navigation of SAR. Recent developments have addressed applications such as quantifying the proportion of activity cliffs, investigating the predictive abilities of activity landscape methods and so on. However, all these publications have worked under the assumption that the activity landscape models are "real" (i.e., statistically significant). RESULTS The current study addresses for the first time, in a quantitative manner, the significance of a landscape or individual cliffs in the landscape. In particular, we question whether the activity landscape derived from observed (experimental) activity data is different from a randomly generated landscape. To address this we used the SALI measure with six different data sets tested against one or more molecular targets. We also assessed the significance of the landscapes for single and multiple representations. CONCLUSIONS We find that non-random landscapes are data set and molecular representation dependent. For the data sets and representations used in this work, our results suggest that not all representations lead to non-random landscapes. This indicates that not all molecular representations should be used to a) interpret the SAR and b) combined to generate consensus models. Our results suggest that significance testing of activity landscape models and in particular, activity cliffs, is key, prior to the use of such models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Guha
- NIH Center for Advancing Translational Science, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - José L Medina-Franco
- Circuito Exterior, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México D.F. 04510, Mexico ; Current address: Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
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45
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Chemoinformatic characterization of activity and selectivity switches of antiprotozoal compounds. Future Med Chem 2013; 6:281-94. [PMID: 24279680 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzimidazole derivatives are promising compounds for the treatment of parasitic infections. The structure-activity relationships of 91 benzimidazoles with activity against Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia intestinalis were analyzed using a novel activity landscape modeling approach. RESULTS We identified two prominent cases of 'activity switches' and 'selectivity switches' where two R group substitutions in the benzimidazole scaffold completely invert the activity and selectivity pattern for T. vaginalis and G. intestinalis. CONCLUSION A chemoinformatic methodology was used to rapidly identify discrete structural changes around the central scaffold that are associated with large changes in biological activity for each parasite. The structure-activity relationships for the benzimidazole derivatives is smooth for both protozoan with few but markedly important activity cliffs.
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Soria-Arteche O, Hernández-Campos A, Yépez-Mulia L, Trejo-Soto PJ, Hernández-Luis F, Gres-Molina J, Maldonado LA, Castillo R. Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of nitazoxanide-N-methylbenzimidazole hybrids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6838-41. [PMID: 24183540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of a novel hybrid compounds between nitazoxanide and N-methylbenzimidazole were synthesized starting from the corresponding N-methyl-2-nitroanilines. The new hybrid compounds (1-13) were evaluated in vitro against Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Trichomonas vaginalis. NTZ, MTZ and ABZ were used as drug standards. Experimental evaluations revealed all of the new compounds (1-13) were active and showed strong activity against the three protozoa, particularly with E. histolytica where the IC50 values ranged between 3 and 69 nM. Overall, compounds 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12 stood out with values lower than 87 nM for all three protozoa, comparatively better than the reference drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Soria-Arteche
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, UAM-Xochimilco, México, DF 04960, Mexico; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, UNAM, México, DF 04510, Mexico
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Pérez-Villanueva J, Hernández-Campos A, Yépez-Mulia L, Méndez-Cuesta C, Méndez-Lucio O, Hernández-Luis F, Castillo R. Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of novel 2-{[2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl]sulfanyl}-1H-benzimidazole derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4221-4. [PMID: 23731944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of 19 new 2-{[2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl]sulfanyl}-1H-benzimidazole derivatives was synthesized starting from the properly substituted 1,2-phenylendiamine. These compounds have hydrogen or methyl at position 1; while hydrogen, chlorine, ethoxy or methoxycarbonyl group is at position 5 and/or 6. The novel compounds were tested against protozoa Trichomonas vaginalis, Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica. Experimental evaluations revealed strong activity for all tested compounds, having IC50 values in the nanomolar range, which were even better than metronidazole, the drug of choice for these parasites.
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Márquez-Navarro A, Pérez-Reyes A, Zepeda-Rodríguez A, Reynoso-Ducoing O, Hernández-Campos A, Hernández-Luis F, Castillo R, Yépez-Mulia L, Ambrosio JR. RCB20, an experimental benzimidazole derivative, affects tubulin expression and induces gross anatomical changes in Taenia crassiceps cysticerci. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:2215-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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50
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Analysis of the effect of a 2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazole derivative on Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae. Vet Parasitol 2013; 194:193-7. [PMID: 23462252 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Albendazole and mebendazole are widely used in the treatment of trichinellosis; however, chemotherapy failure has been reported. In an effort to develop new anthelminthic compounds, we examined a previously synthesized 2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazole derivative (1) that showed good in vitro activity against Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae but low in vivo efficacy. In order to improve the solubility of compound 1, an inclusion complex with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (1/HP-βCD) was prepared. When 1/HP-βCD was tested in vivo, it significantly reduced the ML burden (84%). In addition, a proteomic analysis of T. spiralis ML treated with 1 revealed significant changes in the expression levels of proteins involved in energy metabolism and the cytoskeleton of the parasite. Compound (1) also induced extensive ultrastructural changes in the cuticle, hypodermis and midgut of the parasite.
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