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Zhao P, Tian Y, Geng Y, Zeng C, Ma X, Kang J, Lu L, Zhang X, Tang B, Geng F. Aconitine and its derivatives: bioactivities, structure-activity relationships and preliminary molecular mechanisms. Front Chem 2024; 12:1339364. [PMID: 38318112 PMCID: PMC10839071 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1339364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aconitine (AC), which is the primary bioactive diterpene alkaloid derived from Aconitum L plants, have attracted considerable interest due to its unique structural feature. Additionally, AC demonstrates a range of biological activities, such as its ability to enhance cardiac function, inhibit tumor growth, reduce inflammation, and provide analgesic effects. However, the structure-activity relationships of AC are remain unclear. A clear understanding of these relationships is indeed critical in developing effective biomedical applications with AC. In line with these challenges, this paper summarized the structural characteristics of AC and relevant functional and bioactive properties and the structure-activity relationships presented in biomedical applications. The primary temporal scope of this review was established as the period spanning from 2010 to 2023. Subsequently, the objective of this review was to provide a comprehensive understanding of the specific action mechanism of AC, while also exploring potential novel applications of AC derivatives in the biomedical field, drawing upon their structural characteristics. In conclusion, this review has provided a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and prospects associated with AC in the elucidation of structure-bioactivity relationships. Furthermore, the importance of exploring modern biotechnology approaches to enhance the potential biomedical applications of AC has been emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Guizhou Yunfeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, China
| | - Yuefei Geng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical American Cockroach, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenjuan Zeng
- Guizhou Yunfeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, China
| | - Xiuying Ma
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical American Cockroach, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Kang
- Guizhou Yunfeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Medicinal Animals, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Sichuan Good Doctor Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Medicinal Animals, Chengdu, China
| | - Funeng Geng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical American Cockroach, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Vikram ENT, Ilavarasan R, Kamaraj R. Anti-cancer activities of Schedule E1 drugs used in ayurvedic formulations. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100545. [PMID: 35661925 PMCID: PMC9163510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Schedule E1 is an important part of Drugs and Cosmetics Act (Government of India) that comprises the list of poisonous drugs from plant, animal and mineral origins to be consumed under medical supervision. Ayurveda, the world's oldest medicinal system has a list of drugs represented in schedule E1 that are used since thousands of years. This review reports the anti-cancer activities of fifteen toxic ayurvedic drugs from plant origin represented in Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940. The information was collected from the various authentic sources, compiled and summarised. The plant extracts, formulations, phytoconstituents and other preparations of these drugs have shown effective activities against mammary carcinoma, neuroblastoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, lymphocytic leukaemia, colorectal adenocarcinoma, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, prostate adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma asterocytoma and other malignancies. They have various mechanisms of action including Bax upregulation, Bcl2 downregulation, induction of cell cycle arrest at S phase, G2/M phase, inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factors, inhibition of Akt/mTOR signalling etc. Certain traditional ayurvedic preparations containing these plants are reported beneficial and the possibilities of these drugs as the alternative and adjuvant therapeutic agents in the current cancer care have been discussed. The studies suggest that these drugs could be utilised in future for the critical care of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N T Vikram
- SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram (Dt.), Tamilnadu 603203, India
| | - R Ilavarasan
- Captain Srinivasa Murthy Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Arumbakkam, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600106, India
| | - R Kamaraj
- SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram (Dt.), Tamilnadu 603203, India.
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Luan S, Gao Y, Liang X, Zhang L, Yin L, He C, Liu S, Yin Z, Yue G, Zou Y, Li L, Song X, Lv C, Zhang W, Jing B. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of lipo-diterpenoid alkaloids with potential target of topoisomerase IIα for breast cancer treatment. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104699. [PMID: 33611138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aconitine linoleate (11) isolated from the Aconitum sinchiangense W. T. Wang exhibited significant anti-tumor activity. Based on this, a series of novel lipo-diterpenoid alkaloids were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activities against MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cell lines. Seventeen compounds, including 18-20, 22, 24-32, 36, 39, 41-42 possessed higher anti-proliferative activities (IC50 < 20 μM) against MCF-7 cell lines, which were better than the reference drug etoposide (IC50 = 18.01 ± 1.64 μM), among which compound 24 (IC50 = 4.00 ± 0.30 μM) was found to be the most potent derivative, being 4.5-fold more active than etoposide. Meanwhile, eighteen compounds, including 18-22, 24, 26-32, 36, 38-39, 41-42 presented excellent activities (IC50 < 20 μM) against MCF-7/ADR cell lines, better than etoposide (IC50 = 35.48 ± 0.29 μM) and doxorubicin (IC50 = 67.61 ± 6.5 μM). The most potent compound (19) was 13.5- and 25.7-fold more active than etoposide and doxorubicin against MCF-7/ADR cell lines, respectively. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies indicated that the 3-OH, 8-lipo, 14-benzene ring, and nitrogen atom with proper alkaline are crucial elements for anti-proliferative activity of target lipo-diterpenoid compounds. The proper length, the double bonds or di-fluoro-substituted at C-8 fatty acid chain, the para-donating electron group on 14-benzene group, and 13-OH are all favorable for the enhancement of anti-proliferative activities. In conclusion, the introduction of the 8-lipo group into aconitine leads to significant increase of anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells, which suggests these kinds of lipo-alkaloids are powerful and promising antitumor compounds for breast cancer, especially for drug-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangxian Luan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yingying Gao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Shixi Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Guizhou Yue
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Bo Jing
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
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Liang X, Gao Y, Luan S. Two decades of advances in diterpenoid alkaloids with cytotoxicity activities. RSC Adv 2018; 8:23937-23946. [PMID: 35540251 PMCID: PMC9081856 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03911a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The important pharmacological activities and structural complexity of diterpenoid alkaloids have long stimulated strong scientific interest; some of these naturally abundant compounds have been reported to be highly promising for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- P. R. China
| | - Yingying Gao
- Natural Medicine Research Center
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- P. R. China
| | - Shangxian Luan
- Natural Medicine Research Center
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- P. R. China
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Anticancer Activities of C 18-, C 19-, C 20-, and Bis-Diterpenoid Alkaloids Derived from Genus Aconitum. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020267. [PMID: 28208826 PMCID: PMC6155828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common lethal diseases, and natural products have been extensively studied as anticancer agents considering their availability, low toxicity, and economic affordability. Plants belonging to the genus Aconitum have been widely used medically in many Asian countries since ancient times. These plants have been proven effective for treating several types of cancer, such as lung, stomach, and liver cancers. The main effective components of Aconitum plants are diterpenoid alkaloids—which are divided into C18-, C19-, C20-, and bis-diterpenoid alkaloids—are reportedly some of the most promising, naturally abundant compounds for treating cancer. This review focuses on the progress of diterpenoid alkaloids with different structures derived from Aconitum plants and some of their derivatives with potential anticancer activities. We hope that this work can serve as a reference for further developing Aconitum diterpenoid alkaloids as anticancer agents.
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Bioactive heterocyclic alkaloids with diterpene structure isolated from traditional Chinese medicines. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1026:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Liang Y, Wu JL, Leung ELH, Zhou H, Liu Z, Yan G, Liu Y, Liu L, Li N. Identification of Oxygenated Fatty Acid as a Side Chain of Lipo-Alkaloids in Aconitum carmichaelii by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and a Database. Molecules 2016; 21:437. [PMID: 27043515 PMCID: PMC6273321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipo-alkaloid is a kind of C19-norditerpenoid alkaloid usually found in Aconitum species. Structurally, they contain an aconitane skeleton and one or two fatty acid moieties of 3–25 carbon chains with 1–6 unsaturated degrees. Analysis of the lipo-alkaloids in roots of Aconitum carmichaelii resulted in the isolation of six known pure lipo-alkaloids (A1–A6) and a lipo-alkaloid mixture (A7). The mixture shared the same aconitane skeleton of 14-benzoylmesaconine, but their side chains were determined to be 9-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid, 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid and 10-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid, respectively, by MS/MS analysis after alkaline hydrolysis. To our knowledge, this is the first time of the reporting of the oxygenated fatty acids as the side chains in naturally-occurring lipo-alkaloids. In order to identify more lipo-alkaloids, a compound database was established based on various combinations between the aconitane skeleton and the fatty acid chain, and then, the identification of lipo-alkaloids was conducted using the database, UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and MS/MS. Finally, 148 lipo-alkaloids were identified from A. carmichaelii after intensive MS/MS analysis, including 93 potential new compounds and 38 compounds with oxygenated fatty acid moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
- School of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Guanyu Yan
- School of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medicinal Sciences and Nursing, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
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Antitumor activity of semisynthetic derivatives of Aconitum alkaloids. Invest New Drugs 2013; 32:60-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-013-9986-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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