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Naeem N, Sadiq A, Othman GA, Yassin HM, Mughal EU. Exploring heterocyclic scaffolds in carbonic anhydrase inhibition: a decade of structural and therapeutic insights. RSC Adv 2024; 14:35769-35970. [PMID: 39534850 PMCID: PMC11555472 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra06290f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds represent a prominent class of molecules with diverse pharmacological activities. Among their therapeutic applications, they have gained significant attention as carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors, owing to their potential in the treatment of various diseases such as epilepsy, cancer and glaucoma. CA is a widely distributed zinc metalloenzyme that facilitates the reversible interconversion of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate. This reaction is essential for numerous physiological and pathological processes. In humans, CA exists in sixteen different isoforms, labeled hCA-I to hCA-XV, each distributed across various tissues and organs and involved in crucial physiological functions. Clinically utilized CA inhibitors, such as brinzolamide, dorzolamide and acetazolamide, exhibit poor selectivity, leading to undesirable side effects. A significant challenge in designing effective CA inhibitors is achieving balanced isoform selectivity, prompting the exploration of new chemotypes. This review compiles recent strategies employed by various researchers in developing CAIs across different structural classes, including pyrazoline, quinoline, imidazole, oxadiazole, pyrimidine, coumarin, chalcone, rhodanine, phthalazine, triazole, isatin, and indole. Additionally, the review summarizes structure-activity relationship (SAR) analyses, isoform selectivity evaluations, along with mechanistic and in silico investigations. Insights derived from SAR studies provide crucial directions for the rational design of next-generation heterocyclic CA inhibitors, with improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, we have comprehensively summarized all known isoforms of CA in relation to various heterocyclic motifs. This review examines the use of different heterocycles as CA inhibitors, drawing on research published over the past 11 years. It offers a valuable resource for early-career researchers, encouraging further exploration of synthetic heterocycles in the development of CA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat 50700 Pakistan
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University Sialkot 51300 Pakistan
| | - Gehan Ahmed Othman
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University Abha 61421 Saudi Arabia
| | - Habab M Yassin
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University Abha 61421 Saudi Arabia
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2
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Baroni C, D’Agostino I, Renzi G, Kilbile JT, Tamboli Y, Ferraroni M, Carradori S, Capasso C, Carta F, Supuran CT. Lasamide, a Potent Human Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor from the Market: Inhibition Profiling and Crystallographic Studies. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:1749-1755. [PMID: 39411526 PMCID: PMC11472397 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Lasamide is a synthetic precursor and a contaminant of the diuretic Furosemide manufacturing process and represents a highly valuable building block for fragment-based drug discovery approaches. We assessed the ability of Lasamide to inhibit in vitro the human-expressed Carbonic Anhydrases by means of the stopped-flow technique, and we assessed its binding modes within hCAs II and XII-mimic catalytic clefts by X-ray crystallography. Interestingly, an unprecedented crystal form for the hCA IX mimic H-tag is reported and discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Baroni
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria D’Agostino
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Department
of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio”
University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- NEUROFARBA
Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Gioele Renzi
- NEUROFARBA
Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Jaydeo T. Kilbile
- University
Department of Basic and Applied Sciences (Chemistry), MGM University, Aurangabad-431003, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yasinalli Tamboli
- King Abdullah
International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry
of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 14811, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marta Ferraroni
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department
of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio”
University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department
of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, National Research Council
(CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- NEUROFARBA
Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA
Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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3
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Srikanth D, Shanthi K, Paoletti N, Joshi SV, Shaik MG, Rana P, Vadakattu M, Yaddanapudi VM, Supuran CT, Nanduri S. Exploration of 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoline derivatives as human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135890. [PMID: 39313048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) IX and XII isoforms are overexpressed in hypoxic conditions, contributing to cancer. Lack of isoform selectivity has been one of the main challenges associated with the existing drugs targeting hCAs. Hence, the development of alternative approaches, such as tail approach to develop more selective hCA IX and XII inhibitors is need of the hour. In the present work, we designed and synthesized 24 new 1,3.5-trisubstituted-pyrazoline derivatives with diverse substitutions. The synthesized analogs were evaluated for their hCA inhibitory activities against hCA I, II, IX, and XII isoforms. Among the tested compounds, derivative 8 displayed good inhibitory activity against hCA IX (Ki = 331 nM) and XII (Ki = 96.7 nM). In addition, 9a-g also exhibited some inhibitory activities against hCA IX and XII, with Kis ranging from 574-799 nM and 137-369 nM, respectively. Molecular modelling studies of compound 8 displayed metal coordination with zinc ion and hydrophobic, hydrophilic interactions with adjacent amino acid residues, and maintained stable interactions throughout 100 ns. In addition, ADMET studies demonstrated that compound 8 obeyed the Lipinski's rule of five and was found to be druggable and non-toxic. Hence, compound 8 was identified as potential lead for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danaboina Srikanth
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Kollu Shanthi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Niccolò Paoletti
- Università Degli Studi di Firenze, Neurofarba Dept., Sezione di ScienzeFarmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Swanand Vinayak Joshi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Mahammad Ghouse Shaik
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Preeti Rana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Manasa Vadakattu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Venkata Madhavi Yaddanapudi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università Degli Studi di Firenze, Neurofarba Dept., Sezione di ScienzeFarmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
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Bendi A, Taruna, Rajni, Kataria S, Singh L, Kennedy JF, Supuran CT, Raghav N. Chemistry of heterocycles as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: A pathway to novel research in medicinal chemistry review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400073. [PMID: 38683875 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, the scientific community has focused on dealing with different kinds of diseases by exploring the chemistry of various heterocycles as novel drugs. In this connection, medicinal chemists identified carbonic anhydrases (CA) as one of the biologically active targets for curing various diseases. The widespread distribution of these enzymes and the high degree of homology shared by the different isoforms offer substantial challenges to discovering potential drugs. Medicinal and synthetic organic chemists have been continuously involved in developing CA inhibitors. This review explored the chemistry of different heterocycles as CA inhibitors using the last 11 years of published research work. It provides a pathway for young researchers to further explore the chemistry of a variety of synthetic as well as natural heterocycles as CA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjaneyulu Bendi
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Taruna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Rajni
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Sweety Kataria
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Lakhwinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | | | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Neutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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Kilbile J, Sapkal SB, Renzi G, D’Agostino I, Cutarella L, Mori M, De Filippis B, Islam I, Massardi ML, Somenza E, Ronca R, Tamboli Y, Carta F, Supuran CT. Novel 2,4-Dichloro-5-sulfamoylbenzoic Acid Oxime Esters: First Studies as Potential Human Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:972-978. [PMID: 38894925 PMCID: PMC11181484 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a focused library of oxime ester derivatives of 2,4-dichloro-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid (lasamide) containing Schiff bases was synthesized and tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit the cytosolic human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) I and II, as well as the transmembrane and tumor-associated IX and XII isoforms. As a result, we obtained a first line of knowledge on lasamide derivatives potentially useful for development as CA inhibitors (CAIs). In particular, we focused our attention on the derivative 11, which was selective toward hCAs IX and XII over the cytosolic isoenzymes. An in silico study was conducted to assess the binding mode of 11 within hCAs IX and XII. Also, antiproliferative assays highlighted promising derivatives. The data obtained in this study are currently in use for the development of better-performing compounds on the tumor-associated isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaydeo
T. Kilbile
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, MGM University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, 431003 Maharashtra, India
| | - Suryakant B. Sapkal
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, MGM University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, 431003 Maharashtra, India
| | - Gioele Renzi
- NEUROFARBA
Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria D’Agostino
- NEUROFARBA
Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Cutarella
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Barbara De Filippis
- Department
of Pharmacy “G. d’Annunzio”, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Imadul Islam
- King
Abdullah
International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry
of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 14811, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Luisa Massardi
- Department
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Somenza
- Department
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Yasinalli Tamboli
- King
Abdullah
International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry
of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 14811, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- NEUROFARBA
Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA
Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
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Hesar Shourkabi M, Ghobeh M, Jafary H. Benzenesulfonamide as a novel, pharmaceutical small molecule inhibitor on Aβ gene expression and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's Wistar rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 674:154-161. [PMID: 37421923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent acute neurodegenerative disease described by memory loss and other cognitive functions. Benzenesulfonamide, a novel, potent, and small organic molecule, was synthesized to investigate its effects on the levels of oxidative biomarkers (GPx, ROS, and MDA) and expression of beta-amyloid peptides (Aβ40 and Aβ42) in the pathology of AD. The results were compared with the rivastigmine drug. Applying benzenesulfonamide to Alzheimer's-induced Wistar rats showed a significant increase in the level of oxidative biomarkers (GPx, ROS, and MDA) in both the brain and blood serum as well as amyloid-β40 and 42 gene expressions. Therefore, benzenesulfonamide could be considered a novel therapeutic agent against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Ghobeh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hanieh Jafary
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Yang C, Feng Y, Yang X, Sun M, Li Z, Liu X, Lu L, Sun X, Zhang J, He X. Synthesis and evaluation of 4-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamides as potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126874. [PMID: 31859159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human Carbonic anhydrase (hCA) I and II are crucial targets for anti-acute mountain sickness. Twenty-one 4-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl) benzenesulfonamides were synthesized and screened against these two isoforms. The results illustrated that 5c, 5g, 5h, 5k were more potent against both hCA I and II than clinical drug AAZ. In particular, the value of compound 5c with hCA I (18.08 nM) was over 84-fold more than of AAZ with hCA I. The data of docking simulations were also in accord with the tendency of inhibitive activities. Furthermore, compound 6h, the methanesulfonate of 5h, showed better anti-hypoxia activity than AAZ in vivo, making it interesting lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofu Yang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yan Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Mingxia Sun
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhenwang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Animal Science and Technique, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xianyu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Animal Science and Technique, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xinhua He
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China.
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8
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Sharma V, Kumar R, Bua S, Supuran CT, Sharma PK. Synthesis of novel benzenesulfonamide bearing 1,2,3-triazole linked hydroxy-trifluoromethylpyrazolines and hydrazones as selective carbonic anhydrase isoforms IX and XII inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:198-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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9
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Vats L, Sharma V, Angeli A, Kumar R, Supuran CT, Sharma PK. Synthesis of novel 4-functionalized 1,5-diaryl-1,2,3-triazoles containing benzenesulfonamide moiety as carbonic anhydrase I, II, IV and IX inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:678-686. [PMID: 29571155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a library of 1,2,3-triazole carboxylates incorporating carboxylic acid, hydroxymethyl, carboxylic acid hydrazide, carboxamide and benzenesulfonamide moieties is disclosed. All the novel compounds were investigated for their inhibition potential against carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) human (h) isoforms hCA I, II, IV and IX, well established drug targets. The cytosolic isoform hCA I was inhibited with Ki's ranging between 53.2 nM and 7.616 μM whereas the glaucoma associated cytosolic isoform hCA II was inhibited with Ki's in the range 21.8 nM-0.807 μM. The membrane bound isoform hCA IV, involved in glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa among others, was effectively inhibited by some of these compounds with Ki < 60 nM, better than the reference drug acetazolamide (AAZ). The tumor associated isoform hCA IX, a recently validated antitumor/antimetastatic drug target, was also effectively inhibited by some of the new sulfonamides, which possess thus the potential to be used as tools for exploring in more details the selective inhibition of hCAs involved in various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Vats
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm 188, and Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via U. Schiff 6, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm 188, and Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via U. Schiff 6, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
| | - Pawan K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India.
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Ulus R, Esirden İ, Aday B, Turgut GÇ, Şen A, Kaya M. Synthesis of novel acridine-sulfonamide hybrid compounds as acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for the treatment of alzheimer’s disease. Med Chem Res 2018; 27:634-641. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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11
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Novel 2-(2-arylmethylthio-4-chloro-5-methylbenzenesulfonyl)-1-(1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)guanidine derivatives: Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase cytosolic isozymes I and II and the transmembrane tumor-associated isozymes IX and XII, anticancer activity, and molecular modeling studies. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:1931-1941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Pogorzelska A, Sławiński J, Żołnowska B, Szafrański K, Kawiak A, Chojnacki J, Ulenberg S, Zielińska J, Bączek T. Novel 2-(2-alkylthiobenzenesulfonyl)-3-(phenylprop-2-ynylideneamino)guanidine derivatives as potent anticancer agents – Synthesis, molecular structure, QSAR studies and metabolic stability. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:357-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Sławiński J, Szafrański K, Pogorzelska A, Żołnowska B, Kawiak A, Macur K, Belka M, Bączek T. Novel 2-benzylthio-5-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamides with anticancer activity: Synthesis, QSAR study, and metabolic stability. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 132:236-248. [PMID: 28364658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel 2-benzylthio-4-chloro-5-(5-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamides (4-27) have been synthesized as potential anticancer agents. MTT assay was carried out to determine the cytotoxic activity against three human cancer cell lines: colon cancer HCT-116, breast cancer MCF-7 and cervical cancer HeLa as well as to determine the influence on human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Relatively high (IC50: 7-17 μM) cytostatic activity and selectivity against HeLa cell line was found for compounds 6, 7, 9-11 and 16. While compounds 23-27 bearing styryl moieties attached to a 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring at position 5, exhibited significant activity against two and/or three cancer cell lines with IC50: 11-29 μM. Further quantitative structure-activity relationships based on molecular descriptors calculated by DRAGON software, were investigated by Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures (OPLS) technique and Variable Influence on Projection (VIP) analysis. Considering molecular descriptors with the highest influence on projection (highest VIP values) lipophilicity of tested compounds was pointed as main factor affecting activity towards HCT-116 cell line, while structural parameters associated with presence of styryl substituent in position 5 of 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring were identified as essential for activity towards MCF-7 breast cancer. In vitro tests for metabolic stability in the presences of pooled human liver microsomes and NADPH showed that some of the most active compounds 26 and 27 presented favorable metabolic stability with t1/2 in the range of 28.1-36.0 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Sławiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Szafrański
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aneta Pogorzelska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Beata Żołnowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Kawiak
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland; Laboratory of Human Physiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Tuwima 15, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Macur
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Core Facility Laboratories, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Belka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
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14
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Eldehna WM, Al-Ansary GH, Bua S, Nocentini A, Gratteri P, Altoukhy A, Ghabbour H, Ahmed HY, Supuran CT. Novel indolin-2-one-based sulfonamides as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation against carbonic anhydrases isoforms I, II, IV and VII and molecular docking studies. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 127:521-530. [PMID: 28109946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of three different series of novel sulfonamides (3a-f, 6a-f and 9a-f) incorporating substituted indolin-2-one moieties (as tails) linked to benzenesulfonamide (as zinc anchoring moieties) through aminoethyl or (4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)aminoethyl linkers. The synthesized sulfonamides were evaluated in vitro for their inhibitory activity against the following human (h) carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms, hCA I, II, IV and VII. All these isoforms were inhibited by the sulfonamides reported here in variable degrees. hCA I was inhibited with KIs in the range of 42-8550.9 nM, hCA II in the range of 5.9-761 nM; hCA IV in the range of 4.0-2069.5 nM, whereas hCA VII in the range of 13.2-694 nM. Molecular docking studies were carried out for some of the tested compounds within the hCA II active site, allowed us to rationalize the obtained inhibition results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Ghada H Al-Ansary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Abbassia, P.O. Box 11566, Egypt
| | - Silvia Bua
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy; Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Ayman Altoukhy
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Sadat City University, Egypt
| | - Hazem Ghabbour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Y Ahmed
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
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15
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Żołnowska B, Sławiński J, Pogorzelska A, Szafrański K, Kawiak A, Stasiłojć G, Belka M, Ulenberg S, Bączek T, Chojnacki J. Novel 5-Substituted 2-(Aylmethylthio)-4-chloro-N-(5-aryl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamides: Synthesis, Molecular Structure, Anticancer Activity, Apoptosis-Inducing Activity and Metabolic Stability. Molecules 2016; 21:E808. [PMID: 27338337 PMCID: PMC6273912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 5-substituted 2-(arylmethylthio)-4-chloro-N-(5-aryl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl) benzenesulfonamide derivatives 27-60 have been synthesized by the reaction of aminoguanidines with an appropriate phenylglyoxal hydrate in glacial acetic acid. A majority of the compounds showed cytotoxic activity toward the human cancer cell lines HCT-116, HeLa and MCF-7, with IC50 values below 100 μM. It was found that for the analogues 36-38 the naphthyl moiety contributed significantly to the anticancer activity. Cytometric analysis of translocation of phosphatidylserine as well as mitochondrial membrane potential and cell cycle revealed that the most active compounds 37 (HCT-116 and HeLa) and 46 (MCF-7) inhibited the proliferation of cells by increasing the number of apoptotic cells. Apoptotic-like, dose dependent changes in morphology of cell lines were also noticed after treatment with 37 and 46. Moreover, triazines 37 and 46 induced caspase activity in the HCT-116, HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. Selected compounds were tested for metabolic stability in the presence of pooled human liver microsomes and NADPH, both R² and Ar = 4-CF₃-C₆H₄ moiety in 2-(R²-methylthio)-N-(5-aryl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamides simultaneously increased metabolic stability. The results pointed to 37 as a hit compound with a good cytotoxicity against HCT-116 (IC50 = 36 μM), HeLa (IC50 = 34 μM) cell lines, apoptosis-inducing activity and moderate metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Żołnowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, Gdańsk 80-416, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Sławiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, Gdańsk 80-416, Poland.
| | - Aneta Pogorzelska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, Gdańsk 80-416, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Szafrański
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, Gdańsk 80-416, Poland.
| | - Anna Kawiak
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Abrahama 58, Gdańsk 80-307, Poland.
- Laboratory of Human Physiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Tuwima 15, Gdańsk 80-210, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Stasiłojć
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 1, Gdańsk 80-211, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Belka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, Gdańsk 80-416, Poland.
| | - Szymon Ulenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, Gdańsk 80-416, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, Gdańsk 80-416, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Chojnacki
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
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16
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Sławiński J, Grzonek A, Żołnowska B, Kawiak A. Synthesis of Novel Pyrido[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazino[3,2-c][1,2,4]thiadiazine 6,6-dioxide Derivatives with Potential Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2015; 21:E41. [PMID: 26729078 PMCID: PMC6273831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 3-/2,3-substituted pyrido[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazino[3,2-c][1,2,4]thiadiazine 6,6-dioxides 4-28 have been synthesized by the reaction of 3-amino-2-(4-thioxo-1,4-dihydropyridin-3-yl-sulfonyl)guanidine with either 2-oxoalkanoic acids and its esters, or phenylglyoxylic hydrates in glacial acetic acid. Some of them exhibited reasonable or moderate anticancer activity toward human cancer cell lines, HCT-116, MCF-7 and HeLa. The structure of this novel heterocyclic ring system was confirmed by ¹D-NMR and ²D-NMR spectroscopic data including COSY, ROESY and HMBC, elemental analyses and MS spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Sławiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Grzonek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Beata Żołnowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Anna Kawiak
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland.
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Ul. Tuwima 15, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland.
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17
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Żołnowska B, Sławiński J, Belka M, Bączek T, Kawiak A, Chojnacki J, Pogorzelska A, Szafrański K. Synthesis, Molecular Structure, Metabolic Stability and QSAR Studies of a Novel Series of Anticancer N-Acylbenzenesulfonamides. Molecules 2015; 20:19101-29. [PMID: 26506328 PMCID: PMC6332020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201019101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel N-acyl-4-chloro-5-methyl-2-(R1-methylthio)benzenesulfonamides 18–47 have been synthesized by the reaction of N-[4-chloro-5-methyl-2-(R1-methylthio)benzenesulfonyl]cyanamide potassium salts with appropriate carboxylic acids. Some of them showed anticancer activity toward the human cancer cell lines MCF-7, HCT-116 and HeLa, with the growth percentages (GPs) in the range from 7% to 46%. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies on the cytotoxic activity of N-acylsulfonamides toward MCF-7, HCT-116 and HeLa were performed by using topological, ring and charge descriptors based on the stepwise multiple linear regression technique (MLR). The QSAR studies revealed three predictive and statistically significant models for the investigated compounds. The results obtained with these models indicated that the anticancer activity of N-acylsulfonamides depends on topological distances, number of ring system, maximum positive charge and number of atom-centered fragments. The metabolic stability of the selected compounds had been evaluated on pooled human liver microsomes and NADPH, both R1 and R2 substituents of the N-acylsulfonamides simultaneously affected them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Żołnowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Sławiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Belka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Anna Kawiak
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland.
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Tuwima 15, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Chojnacki
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Aneta Pogorzelska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Szafrański
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
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18
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Aday B, Sola P, Çolak F, Kaya M. Synthesis of novel sulfonamide analogs containing sulfamerazine/sulfaguanidine and their biological activities. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:1005-10. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1079183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Muharrem Kaya
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey
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19
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De Luca V, Del Prete S, Vullo D, Carginale V, Di Fonzo P, Osman SM, AlOthman Z, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Expression and characterization of a recombinant psychrophilic γ-carbonic anhydrase (NcoCA) identified in the genome of the Antarctic cyanobacteria belonging to the genus Nostoc. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1069289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Napoli, Italy,
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Dipartimento Di Chimica, Polo Scientifico, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy,
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Dipartimento Di Chimica, Polo Scientifico, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy,
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and
| | | | | | - Sameh M Osman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid AlOthman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Dipartimento Di Chimica, Polo Scientifico, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy,
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Scozzafava A, Kalın P, Supuran CT, Gülçin İ, Alwasel SH. The impact of hydroquinone on acetylcholine esterase and certain human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (hCA I, II, IX, and XII). J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 30:941-6. [PMID: 25586344 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2014.999236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are widespread and the most studied members of a great family of metalloenzymes in higher vertebrates including humans. CAs were investigated for their inhibition of all of the catalytically active mammalian isozymes of the Zn(2+)-containing CA, (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). On the other hand, acetylcholinesterase (AChE. EC 3.1.1.7), a serine protease, is responsible for ACh hydrolysis and plays a fundamental role in impulse transmission by terminating the action of the neurotransmitter ACh at the cholinergic synapses and neuromuscular junction. In the present study, the inhibition effect of the hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) on AChE activity was evaluated and effectively inhibited AChE with Ki of 1.22 nM. Also, hydroquinone strongly inhibited some human cytosolic CA isoenzymes (hCA I and II) and tumour-associated transmembrane isoforms (hCA IX, and XII), with Kis in the range between micromolar (415.81 μM) and nanomolar (706.79 nM). The best inhibition was observed in cytosolic CA II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scozzafava
- a Dipartimento di Chimica Ugo Schiff , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze) , Italy
| | - Pınar Kalın
- b Chemistry Department, Science Faculty , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- a Dipartimento di Chimica Ugo Schiff , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze) , Italy .,c Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino (Florence) , Italy , and
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- b Chemistry Department, Science Faculty , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey .,d Department of Zoology, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh-Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- d Department of Zoology, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh-Saudi Arabia
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