Synthesis, anticancer and radiosensitizing evaluation of some novel sulfonamide derivatives

Steric Effects of N-Alkyl Group on the Base-Induced Nitrogen to Carbon Rearrangement of Orthogonally Protected N-Alkyl Arylsulphonamides

The rearrangement of a total of 56 members of 22 series of orthogonally protected N-alkyl arylsulphonamides of general structure 4-XC6H4SO2NR1CO2R2 [X = H, CH3, F, Cl, Br, CH3O, CN, CF3 or C(CH3)3; R1 = CH3, CH2CH3, CH2CH2CH3, CH(CH3)2 or CH2CH(CH3)2; R2 = CH3, C2H5 or C(CH3)3] when treated with lithium di-isopropylamide in tetrahydrofuran at -78 °C has been studied. The competition between directed ortho metalated rearrangement, to form 4-X-2-(R2O2C)C6H3SO2NHR1 and the production of a substituted saccharin, is strongly influenced by the size of R1 and R2, especially in the series with X = CH3. When R1 = CH3 or to a lesser degree, C2H5, formation of the saccharin competes to a significant extent, especially when the migrating group is CO2CH3 or CO2C2H5. In contrast, when R1 is a larger alkyl group, particularly if it is branched at either the α- or β-carbon atom [CH(CH3)2 or CH2CH(CH3)2], the increased steric hindrance essentially prevents cyclisation, thus facilitating rearrangement to 4-X-2-(R2O2C)C6H3SO2NHR1 in high yield. The size of the migrating CO2R2 group also exerts an effect on the competition between the reactions: when R2 = C(CH3)3, clean rearrangement is possible even when R1 = CH3 in each series of X. These results have implications for further elaboration and rearrangement of 4-X-2-(R2O2C)C6H3SO2NHR1 in order to prepare substituted saccharins containing a 6-CO2R3 group.

Uncovering the Potential of Chalcone-Sulfonamide Hybrids: A Systematic Review on Their Anticancer Activity and Mechanisms of Action

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and is considered a major public health problem. Despite the significant advances in cancer research, the conventional cancer treatment approaches often lead to serious side effects that affect the quality of life of cancer patients. Thus, searching for new alternatives for cancer treatment is crucial to minimize these problems. Chalcone-sulfonamide hybrids display a range of biological activities and have been widely investigated for their anticancer potential, being considered promising molecules for cancer treatment. This systematic review aimed to summarize the information available in the literature about the anticancer potential of chalcones-sulfonamides in vitro and in vivo and their mechanisms of action. Our analysis demonstrated that chalcones-sulfonamides have relevant cytotoxic potential against different cancer cell lines in vitro, especially against the human colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT-116. These molecules have also reduced tumor growth in vivo. Some chalcones-sulfonamides had improved cytotoxicity after chemical modification and could become more selective or even more potent than reference chemotherapeutics. The mechanisms underlying these effects demonstrated that chalcones-sulfonamides may lead to cell death by different pathways, predominantly via apoptosis or necroptosis. This review may encourage researchers to advance studies with chalcones-sulfonamides, especially to elucidate their mechanisms of action, contributing to the development of new alternatives to cancer treatment.

Synthesis of novel bioactive pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives with potent cytotoxicity through apoptosis as PIM-1 kinase inhibitors

Direct synthesis and cytotoxicity activity of new series of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine was described. Nicotinamide 2 was synthesized via cyclization of N-cyclohexyl derivative with cyanoacetamide. The o-aminonicotinonitrile 2 was subjected to acylation or thio acylation process followed by intramolecular heterocyclization to afford the desired pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (3-10) and pyrido triazine 11. Compounds 4 and 11 exhibited remarkable cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 0.57 μM and 1.31 μM and IC50 values of 1.13 μM and 0.99 μM against HepG2 cells. Interestingly, compounds 4 and 10 had potent PIM-1 kinase inhibition with IC50 values of 11.4 and 17.2 nM, respectively, with inhibition of 97.8% and 94.6% compared to staurosporine (IC50 = 16.7 nM, with 95.6% inhibition). Moreover, compound 4 significantly activated apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, increasing the cell apoptosis by 58.29-fold by having 36.14% total apoptosis in treated cells compared to 0.62% for control. Moreover, it arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase. PIM-1 kinase inhibition was virtually elucidated by the molecular docking study, highlighting binding interactions of the lead compound 4 towards the PIM-1 protein. Accordingly, compound 4 was validated as a promising PIM-1 targeted chemotherapeutic agent to treat breast cancer.

New Chalcone Derivatives Containing 2,4-Dichlorobenzenesulfonamide Moiety with Anticancer and Antioxidant Properties

Chalcones and their derivatives, both natural and synthetic, exhibit diverse biological activities. In this study, we focused on designing and synthesizing (E)-2,4-dichloro-N-(4-cinnamoylphenyl)-5-methylbenzenesulfonamides 4-8 with the following two pharmacophore groups: 2,4-dichlorobenzenesulfonamide and chalcone. The obtained compounds displayed notable anticancer effects on various human cancer cells, such as cervical HeLa, acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60, and gastric adenocarcinoma AGS, when assessed with the MTT test. The activity of all compounds against cancer cells was significant, and the obtained IC50 values were in the range of 0.89-9.63 µg/mL. Among all the tested compounds, derivative 5 showed the highest activity on the AGS cell line. Therefore, it was tested for cell cycle inhibition, induction of mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and activation of caspase-8 and -9. These results showed that this compound strongly arrested the cell cycle in the subG0 phase, depolarized the mitochondrial membrane, and activated caspase-8 and -9. Similar to the anticancer effects, all the obtained compounds 4-8 were also assessed for their antioxidant activity. The highest antiradical effect was demonstrated for derivative 5, which was able to inhibit DPPH and ABTS radicals. All examined compounds showed dose-dependent activity against neutrophil elastase. Notably, derivatives 7 and 8 demonstrated inhibitory properties similar to oleanolic acid, with IC50 values of 25.61 ± 0.58 and 25.73 ± 0.39 µg/mL, respectively. To determine the antibacterial activity of derivatives 4-8, the minimum bacteriostatic concentration (MIC) values were estimated (>500 µg/mL for all the tested bacterial strains). The findings demonstrate the substantial potential of sulfonamide-based chalcone 5 as a promising drug in anticancer therapy.

Novel sulfonamide-chalcone hybrid stimulates inflammation, angiogenesis and upregulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vivo

Chalcones and sulfonamides are well-known chemical groups associated with several biological activities such as antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. Over the past few decades, a series of sulfonamide-chalcone hybrids have been synthesized and assessed to develop compounds with interesting biological properties for application in disease therapy. In the present study, a new sulfonamide-chalcone hybrid μ - (2,5-dichloro-N-{4-[(3E)-4-(3-nitrophenyl) buta-1,3-dien-2-yl] phenyl} benzene sulfonamide), or simply CL185, was synthesized, and its angiogenic activity was assessed using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay at different concentrations (12.5, 25, and 50 μg/μL). To further investigate the role of CL185 in the angiogenic process, we evaluated the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in all treated CAMs. The results showed that all concentrations of CL185 significantly increased tissue vascularization (p < 0.05) as well as the parameters associated with angiogenesis, in which inflammation was the most marked phenomenon observed. In all CAMs treated with CL185, VEGF levels were significantly higher than those in the negative control (p < 0.05), and at the highest concentration, VEGF levels were even higher than in the positive control (p < 0.05). The pronounced angiogenic activity displayed by CL185 may be related to the increase in VEGF levels that were stimulated by inflammatory processes observed in our study. Therefore, CL185 presents a favorable profile for the development of drugs that can be used in pro-angiogenic and tissue repair therapies.

Synthesis, Structural and Biological Properties of the Ring-A Sulfonamido Substituted Chalcones: A Review

Sulfonamidochalcones continue to assert themselves as versatile synthetic intermedi-ates and several articles continue to appear in literature describing their synthesis, chemical transformation and biological properties. These compounds are not only of interest from the medicinal chemistry context, their conformations and crystalline structures also continue to attract attention to explore non-covalent (intramolecular and intermolecular) interactions, control molecular conformations, and improve their physicochemical and optical properties. Despite an exhaustive list of examples of the ring-A sulfonamide-appended chalcones described in the literature, there is no com-prehensive review dedicated to their synthesis, structural and biological properties. This review focuses attention on the synthesis, structure and biological properties of the ring-A sulfonamide-appended chalcones (o/m/p-sulfonamidochalcones) as well as their potential as non-linear optical materials.

Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Allylic Amidation via Decarboxylative Aromatization: Synthesis of N-Allyl-N-aryl Sulfonamides

A protocol in the preparation of functionalized N-allyl-N-aryl sulfonamides via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular decarboxylative N-allylation reaction is presented. The alkylated 2,5-cyclohexadienyl ketoesters reacted with arylsulfonamides in the presence of titanium tetrachloride and pyridine, which allows the formation of alkylated 2,5-cyclohexadienyl sulfonyl iminoesters which then undergo a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular allylic amidation through decarboxylative aromatization to provide functionalized N-allyl-N-aryl sulfonamides. This allylation protocol proceeds with good regioselectivity. Moreover, we have also shown that N-allyl-N-aryl sulfonamide can be transformed into 4-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline and nitrogen-containing β-hydroxysulfide bioactives.

1'-methylspiro[indoline-3,4'-piperidine] Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Anti-tumor Activity Studies

Background:

Spirocyclic indoline compounds widely exist in numerous natural products and synthetic molecules with significant biological activities. In recent years, these kinds of compounds have attracted extensive attention as potent anti-tumor agents in the fields of pharmacology and chemistry.

Objective:

In this study, we focused on designing and synthesizing novel 1'-methylspiro[indoline- 3,4'-piperidine] derivatives, which were evaluated by preliminary bioactivity experiment in vitro and molecular docking.

Methods and Materials:

The key intermediate 1'-methylspiro[indoline-3,4'-piperidine] (B4) reacted with benzenesulfonyl chloride with different substituents under alkaline condition to obtain its derivatives (B5-B10). We evaluated their antiproliferative activities against A549, BEL-7402 and HeLa cell lines by MTT assay. We performed the CDOCKER module in Accelrys Discovery Studio 2.5.5 for molecular docking of compound B5, and investigated the binding modes of compound B5 with three different target proteins.

Results:

The results indicated that compounds B4-B10 exhibited good antiproliferative activities against the above three types of cell lines, in which compound B5 with chloride atom as electronwithdrawing substituent on a phenyl ring showed the highest potency against BEL-7402 cell lines (IC50=30.03±0.43 μg/mL). The results of molecular docking showed that the binding energies of the prominent bioactive compound B5 with CDK, c-Met, and EGFR protein crystals are -44.3583 kcal/mol, -38.3292 kcal/mol, -33.3653 kcal/mol, respectively.

Conclusion:

1'-methylspiro[indoline-3,4'-piperidine] and its six derivatives were synthesized and evaluated against BEL-7402, A 549, and Hela cell lines. Compound B5 showed significant inhibition on BEL-7402 cell lines. Molecular docking assays revealed that B5 as a ligand showed strong affinity and appropriate binding pose on the amino acid residues in active sites of the tested targets, which encourage us to conduct further evaluation such as the kinase experiment.

A Comprehensive Review of Aminochalcones

Chalcones, members of the flavonoid family, display a plethora of interesting biological activities including but not limited to antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiprotozoal activities. The literature cites the synthesis and activity of a range of natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic chalcones. The current review comprehensively covers the literature on amino-substituted chalcones and includes chalcones with amino-groups at various positions on the aromatic rings as well as those with amino-groups containing mono alkylation, dialkylation, alkenylation, acylation, and sulfonylation. The aminochalcones are categorized according to their structure, and the corresponding biological activities are discussed as well. Some compounds showed high potency against cancer cells, microbes, and malaria, whereas others did not. The purpose of this review is to serve as a one-stop location for information on the aminochalcones reported in the literature in recent years.

Crystal structure of 3-((3-nitrophenyl)sulfonamido)propanoic acid — 4,4′-bipyridine (1/1), C19H18N4O6S

C19H18N4O6S, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 8.343(4) Å, b = 7.367(3) Å, c = 31.532(14) Å, β = 97.398(8)°, V = 1921.8(14) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0420, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1158, T = 296.15 K.

Chalcone hybrids as potential anticancer agents: Current development, mechanism of action, and structure-activity relationship

The continuous emergency of drug-resistant cancers and the low specificity of anticancer agents have been the major challenges in the control and treatment of cancer, making an urgent need to develop novel anticancer agents with high efficacy. Chalcones, precursors of flavonoids and isoflavonoids, exhibit structural heterogeneity and can act on various drug targets. Chalcones which demonstrated potential in vitro and in vivo activity against both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant cancers, are useful templates for the development of novel anticancer agents. Hybridization of chalcone moiety with other anticancer pharmacophores could provide the hybrids which have the potential to overcome drug resistance and improve the specificity, so it represents a promising strategy to develop novel anticancer agents. This review emphasizes the development, the mechanisms of action as well as structure-activity relationships of chalcone hybrids with potential therapeutic application for many cancers in recent 10 years.

Dihydroquinoline derivative as a potential anticancer agent: synthesis, crystal structure, and molecular modeling studies

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and requires intense and growing research investments from the public and private sectors. This is expected to lead to the development of new medicines. A determining factor in this process is the structural understanding of molecules with potential anticancer properties. Since the major compounds used in cancer therapies fail to encompass every spectrum of this disease, there is a clear need to research new molecules for this purpose. As it follows, we have studied the class of quinolinones that seem effective for such therapy. This paper describes the structural elucidation of a novel dihydroquinoline by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy characterization. Topology studies were carried through Hirshfeld surfaces analysis and molecular electrostatic potential map; electronic stability was evaluated from the calculated energy of frontier molecular orbitals. Additionally, in silico studies by molecular docking indicated that this dihydroquinoline could act as an anticancer agent due to their higher binding affinity with human aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH 1A1). Tests in vitro were performed for VERO (normal human skin keratinocytes), B16F10 (mouse melanoma), and MDA-MB-231 (metastatic breast adenocarcinoma), and the results certified that compound as a potential anticancer agent. A Dihydroquinoline derivative was tested against three cancer cell lines and the results attest that compound as potential anticancer agent.

On the in silico and in vitro anticancer activity of sulfonamide chalcones: potential JNKK3 inhibitors

Although many compound classes have been studied as JNK inhibitors, we are interested in using chalcones for this purpose. Do different groups drive to different bindings modes to JNK?

Phenylpropanoid-based sulfonamide promotes cyclin D1 and cyclin E down-regulation and induces cell cycle arrest at G1/S transition in estrogen positive MCF-7 cell line

Cancer is one of the most critical problems of public health in the world and one of the main challenges for medicine. Different biological effects have been reported for sulfonamide-based compounds including antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activities. Herein, a series of phenylpropanoid-based sulfonamides (4a, 4a', 4b, 4b', 5a, 5a', 5b and 5b') were synthesized and their cytotoxic activity was evaluated against four cell lines derived from human tumours (A549 - lung, MCF-7 - breast, Hep G2 - hepatocellular carcinoma, and HT-144-melanoma). Cell viability was significantly reduced in the MCF-7 cell line when compounds 4b, 4b' and 5a were used; IC₅₀ values were lower than those found for their precursors (eugenol and dihydroeugenol) and sulfanilamide. We observed that 4b induced cell cycle arrest at G1/S transition. This is probably due to its ability to reduce cyclin D1 and cyclin E expression. Moreover, 4b also induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells as demonstrated by an increase in the cell population positive for annexin V in treated cultures in comparison to the control group. Taken together, the data showed that 4b is a promising antitumor agent and it should be considered for further in vivo studies.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibition with a series of novel benzenesulfonamide-triazole conjugates

We report the synthesis and characterisation of a novel series of triazole benzenesulfonamide derivatives, which incorporate the general pharmacophore associated with carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors. The synthesised compounds were tested in vitro against four human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isozymes, hCA I, hCA II, hCA IV and hCA IX. The obtained results showed that the tumour-associated hCA IX was the most sensitive to inhibition with the synthesised derivatives, with the triazolo-pyridine benzenesulfonamides 14, 16 and 17 being the most effective inhibitors. Some selected compounds were chosen for a single dose anti-proliferative activity testing against a panel of 57 human tumour cell lines and show some anti-proliferative activity ex vivo.

Synthesis of 2-alkylthio-N-(quinazolin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives: anticancer activity, QSAR studies, and metabolic stability

Abstract

A new series of 2-alkylthio-N-(quinazolin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their antiproliferative activity by MTT assay against cancer cell lines HCT-116, MCF-7, and HeLa as well as the NCI-60 human tumor cell lines screen. In NCI screen, three compounds inhibited approximately 50% growth of RPMI-8226 and A549/ATCC cell lines. The mean of IC₅₀ calculated in MTT assays for three tested cell lines was about 45 μM for four compounds. The QSAR allowed finding statistically significant OPLS models for HeLa cell line. Metabolic stability in vitro studies indicated favorable and unfavorable structural elements. The good metabolic stability, with t_1/2 higher than 40 min, was observed for three derivatives, which together with their antiproliferative activity and good ADMET profile, makes them good leading structures for further research.

Graphical abstract

Detailed investigation of anticancer activity of sulfamoyl benz(sulfon)amides and 1H-pyrazol-4-yl benzamides: An experimental and computational study

Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Therapeutic approach to cancer is a multi-faceted one, whereby many cellular/enzymatic pathways have been discovered as important drug targets for the treatment of cancer. A major disadvantage of most of the currently available anticancer drugs is their non-selective cytotoxicity towards cancerous as well as healthy cells. Another major hurdle in cancer therapy is the development of resistance to anticancer drugs. This necessitates the discovery of new molecules with potent and selective cytotoxic activity towards only cancerous cells, with minimum or no damage to the normal/healthy cells. Herein we report detailed investigation into the anticancer activity of sulfamoyl benz(sulfon)amides (1a-1g, 2a-2k) and 1H-pyrazol-4-yl benzamides (3a-3j) against three cancer cell lines, breast cancer cells (MCF-7), bone-marrow cancer cells (K-562) and cervical cancer cells (HeLa). For comparison, screening against healthy baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21) was carried out. All compounds exhibited selective cytotoxicity towards cancerous cells. Cell cycle analysis was carried out using flow cytometry, followed by fluorescence microscopic analysis. DNA interaction and docking studies were also carried out.

Novel thioureido-benzenesulfonamide derivatives with enaminone linker as potent anticancer, radiosensitizers and VEGFR2 inhibitors

In this study, novel series of thioureido-benzenesulfonamide derivatives bearing an enaminone linker either meta or para oriented and having terminal linear or substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system 5-16a,b were designed and synthesized based on the general pharmacophoric features of type II VEGFR2 inhibitors. Evaluation of the synthesized compounds against HEPG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro identified compounds 5b, 6b and 10-13b as most active anticancer agents with IC50 equal to 0.12, 0.29, 0.58, 0.44, 0.42 and 0.66 µM, respectively. These compounds were evaluated for their ability to in vitro inhibit VEGFR2 kinase enzyme. The results demonstrated highly potent dose-related VEGFR2 inhibition with IC50 values in nanomolar range (33, 57, 210, 37, 37 and 220 nM, respectively). The radiosensitizing ability of the most promising compounds was studied which showed an increase in the cell killing effect of radiation after combination with the synthesized compounds which revealed lowered IC50 by nearly 50%. Molecular docking for the most potent compounds was performed to predict their possible binding mode within VEGFR2 active site and they showed binding affinity in a similar way to sorafenib.

Potent hydrazone derivatives targeting esophageal cancer cells

Hydrazone and their derivatives are a series of highly active molecules, which are widely used as lead compounds for the research and development of new anti-cancer drugs. In this study, 20 compounds were synthesized, based on this scaffold and their in vitro cytotoxicity against 6 cancer cell lines, including EC9706, SMMC-7721, MCF7, PC3, MGC-803 and EC109 was tested. Among them, compound 6p, showed strong anti-proliferative activities on esophageal carcinoma cells: EC9706 and EC109 with IC₅₀ values of 1.09 ± 0.03 and 2.79 ± 0.45 μM, respectively. 6p also significantly induces both EC9706 and EC109 cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and cell apoptosis, as well as intracellular ROS accumulation, which could be markedly reversed caspase or ROS inhibitor: NAC. Meanwhile, treatment of compound 6p results in significant declined mitochondria membrane potential, increases in the expression of P53 and bax, as well as decrease in Bcl-2. 6p also activates caspase-8/9/3, PARP and Bid, indicating that 6p induces cancer cell apoptosis via the death receptor-mediated extrinsic pathway and the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway. Further studies also proved that 6p does not show obvious side effects at cellular and in vivo levels. Our findings suggested that hydrazone derivative: compound 6p may serve as a lead compound for further optimization against esophageal cancer cells.

Efficient procedure with new fused pyrimidinone derivatives, Schiff base ligand and its La and Gd complexes by green chemistry

Synthetic strategies were developed for the construction of some newer more potent derivatives of thiobarbituric acid and its Schiff base metal complexes in both bulk and at the nanoscale.

Discovery of dehydroabietic acid sulfonamide based derivatives as selective matrix metalloproteinases inactivators that inhibit cell migration and proliferation

A series of dehydroabietic acid (DHAA) dipeptide derivatives containing the sulfonamide moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of MMPs as well as the effects of in vitro cell migration. These compounds exhibited relatively good inhibition activity against MMPs with IC₅₀ values in low micromolar range. A docking study of the most active compound 8k revealed key interactions between 8k and MMP-3 in which the sulfonamide moiety and the dipeptide group were important for improving activity. It is noteworthy that further antitumor activity screening revealed that some compounds exhibited better inhibitory activity than the commercial anticancer drug 5-FU. In particular, compound 8k appeared to be the most potent compound against the HepG2 cell line, at least partly, by inhibition of the activity of MMP-3 and apoptosis induction. The treatment of HepG2 cells with compound 8k resulted in inhibition of in vitro cell migration through wound healing assay and G1 phase of cell cycle arrested. In addition, 8k-induced apoptosis was significantly facilitated in HepG2 cells. Thus, we conclude that DHAA dipeptide derivatives containing the sulfonamide moiety may be the potential MMPs inhibitors with the ability to suppress cells migration.

Synthesis of a Sulfonimidamide-Based Analog of Tasisulam and Its Biological Evaluation in the Melanoma Cell Lines SKMel23 and A375

Tasisulam is a promising antitumor agent with complex pharmacology, which is used as an antiproliferative agent in patients with metastatic melanoma and other solid tumors. Phase 2 melanoma studies showed promising results but had to be stopped because of insufficient tasisulam clearance leading to toxic side effects. To reduce the negative effects of tasisulam, we synthesized a novel sulfonimidamide-based analog to evaluate its antiproliferative effects in comparison to the original compound by performing a cell proliferation assay in melanoma cell lines SKMel23 and A375. The results revealed that the analog had inhibitory effects on the proliferation comparable to tasisulam in both investigated cell lines. These results could contribute to a reduced toxicity of tasisulam and lead to further clinical trials in metastatic melanoma.

NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 inducer activity of novel 4-aminoquinazoline derivatives

Fourteen novel 4-aminoquinazoline derivatives 2-15 were designed and synthesized. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was established on the basis of elemental analyses, IR, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, and mass spectral data. The compounds were evaluated for their potential cytoprotective activity in murine Hepa1c1c7 cells. All of the synthesized compounds showed concentration-dependent ability to induce the cytoprotective enzyme

NAD(P)H

quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) with potencies in the low- to sub-micromolar range. This approach offers an encouraging framework which may lead to the discovery of potent cytoprotective agents.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2-phenylquinazoline-4-amine derivatives: identification of 6-phenyl-8H-benzo[g]quinazolino[4,3-b]quinazolin-8-one as a highly potent inducer of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1

A novel series of quinazoline compounds (2-14) incorporating biologically active heterocyclic moieties were designed and synthesized. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was recognized on the basis of elemental analyses, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectral data. All compounds were evaluated for their ability to induce the cytoprotective enzyme NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) using a quantitative bioassay and a docking study was performed in the Kelch domain of Keap1 obtained from the Protein Data Bank (PDB ID: 4IQK) to explore the ability of the synthesized compounds to block the Nrf2-binding site of Keap1. All of the synthesized compounds showed concentration-dependent inducer activity with potencies in the low- or sub-micromolar range. Compound 12 was the most potent inducer in this new series, with a concentration that doubles the specific activity of NQO1 (CD value) of 70 nM. The identification of this compound offers a new chemical scaffold for future development of highly potent inducers.

In-Vitro Anticancer Evaluation of Some Novel Thioureido-Benzensulfonamide Derivatives

A novel series of sulfonamide derivatives (14 compounds) bearing thiourea moieties were efficiently synthesized and evaluated for their possible in vitro anticancer activity against four human tumor cell lines. The results indicated that compound 6 was the most potent, showing effectiveness on all the tested cell lines. Compounds 7 and 10 also showed promising results.

Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Novel Quinazoline-Sulfonamide Hybrids

By combining the structural features of quinazoline and sulfonamides, novel hybrid compounds 2-21 were synthesized using a simple and convenient method. Evaluation of these compounds against different cell lines identified compounds 7 and 17 as most active anticancer agents as they showed effectiveness on the four tested cell lines. The anticancer screening results of the tested compounds provides an encouraging framework that could lead to the development of potent new anticancer agents.

Anti-cancer chalcones: Structural and molecular target perspectives

Chalcone or (E)-1,3-diphenyl-2-propene-1-one scaffold remained a fascination among researchers in the 21st century due to its simple chemistry, ease of synthesis and a wide variety of promising biological activities. Several natural and (semi) synthetic chalcones have shown anti-cancer activity due to their inhibitory potential against various targets namely ABCG2/P-gp/BCRP, 5α-reductase, aromatase, 17-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, HDAC/Situin-1, proteasome, VEGF, VEGFR-2 kinase, MMP-2/9, JAK/STAT signaling pathways, CDC25B, tubulin, cathepsin-K, topoisomerase-II, Wnt, NF-κB, B-Raf and mTOR etc. In this review, a comprehensive study on molecular targets/pathways involved in carcinogenesis, mechanism of actions (MOAs), structure activity relationships (SARs) and patents granted have been highlighted. With the knowledge of molecular targets, structural insights and SARs, this review may be helpful for (medicinal) chemists to design more potent, safe, selective and cost effective anti-cancer chalcones.

Synthesis of N-cyano-substituted sulfilimine and sulfoximine derivatives of S0859 and their biological evaluation as sodium bicarbonate co-transport inhibitors

Two analogs of S0859 have been synthesized and their effects on Na⁺,HCO₃⁻ co-transport activity have been evaluated.