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Yao SX, Huang YJ, Zhang YX, Cui ZX, Lu HY, Wang R, Shi L. Revisiting VEGF/VEGFR-2 signalling as an anticancer target and its inhibitor discovery: where are we and where should we go? J Drug Target 2025:1-24. [PMID: 40387416 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2025.2508985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2025] [Revised: 04/30/2025] [Accepted: 05/14/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role in tumour growth and metastasis. Targeting tumour vascular endothelial cells to inhibit tumour angiogenesis and thus block tumour blood and nutrition supply is the current research focus on anti-tumour growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) signal pathway regulates the proliferation, migration, survival and angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells, which is abnormally activated in different tumours. Studies have confirmed that inhibiting VEGF/VEGFR-2 signalling pathway can produce anti-tumour effect. Nowadays, anti-angiogenesis therapy targeting VEGF/VEGFR-2 inhibition has become the most effective clinical strategy for cancer treatment. Therefore, a variety of VEGF/VEGFR-2 inhibitors with different structures have been developed. A few selectively inhibit VEGF to block the activation of VEGFR-2 pathway, while the majority selectively inhibit VEGFR-2 as multi-target inhibitors. Based on the classification of dominant skeletons, this paper briefly analyzes the biological activity, clinical research process and structure-activity relationship of the representative small molecule inhibitors of VEGF/VEGFR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Xin Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Jing Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue-Xi Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ze-Xi Cui
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Ru Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Temirak A, El Kerdawy AM, Nageeb AM, Abdel-Mohsen HT. Novel 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole derivatives as dual BRAF WT and BRAF V600E inhibitors: design, synthesis, anti-cancer activity and molecular dynamics simulations. BMC Chem 2025; 19:45. [PMID: 39985108 PMCID: PMC11844072 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-025-01402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2025] [Indexed: 02/24/2025] Open
Abstract
A new series of 1-substiuted-5,6-dichloro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazoles 10a-p was designed and synthesized to target both BRAFWT and BRAFV600E. The design strategy ensures that these derivatives would effectively occupy the ATP binding pocket of BRAFWT/V600E kinase domains and extend over the gate area interacting through hydrogen bonding with the surrounding key amino acids Glu500 and Asp593 and to finally occupy the allosteric hydrophobic back pocket. Some synthesized derivatives demonstrated impressive potency against BRAFWT with % inhibition approaching 91% at a concentration of 10 µM. The most potent candidate 10h demonstrated IC50 values of 1.72 and 2.76 µM on BRAFWT and BRAFV600E, respectively. At the same time, the synthesized benzimidazoles 10a-p were examined for their growth inhibitory activity on NCI-60 cancer cell lines. Again, compound 10h revealed a potent GI50 across a range of cancer cell lines. Moreover, it arrested cell cycle progression in HT29 colon cancer cell line at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis in the same cell line. Molecular dynamics simulations supported the validity of the design assumption, simultaneously, ADME prediction study displayed that the designed benzimidazoles exhibit promising physiochemical and drug-likeness properties as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Temirak
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, P.O. 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- School of Health and Care Sciences, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira M Nageeb
- High Throughput Molecular and Genetic Technology Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, P.O. 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba T Abdel-Mohsen
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, P.O. 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
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3
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Eldehna WM, Habib YA, Mahmoud AE, Barghash MF, Elsayed ZM, Elsawi AE, Maklad RM, Rashed M, Khalil A, Hammad SF, Ali MM, El Kerdawy AM. Design, synthesis, and in silico insights of novel N'-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)piperidine-4-carbohydrazide derivatives as VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 153:107829. [PMID: 39317037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a crucial key factor in breast tumorigenesis. VEGF plays an important role in angiogenesis, tumor proliferation, and metastasis. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of twenty-one novel piperidine/oxindole derivatives as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors. The designed compound library aimed to occupy the binding site of VEGFR-2 in a similar binding pattern to that of the reference VEGFR-2 inhibitor Sorafenib. The synthesized compounds were biologically evaluated for their cytotoxic effects against two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468). Compounds 12e and 6n were the most potent cytotoxic derivatives against the former and the latter cell lines, showing IC50 values of 8.00 and 0.60 µM, respectively. Furthermore, all the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activities towards VEGFR-2, with compound 12e showing the most potent activity with an IC50 value of 45.9 nM, surpassing the reference standard Sorafenib (IC50 = 48.6 nM). Additionally, compound 6n emerged as the top performer when tested with the other most promising compounds for their cytotoxic effects on HUVEC (IC50 = 28.77 nM). The designed library of compounds was subjected to molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations, which revealed key binding interactions within the VEGFR-2 active site, including hydrogen bonding with Cys919, Glu885, and Asp1046 residues. Moreover, in silico predictions of physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties for the target compounds indicated favorable drug-like characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh P.O. Box 33516, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Canal El Mahmoudia St., Alexandria 21648, Egypt.
| | - Youmna A Habib
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Abeer E Mahmoud
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Barghash
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Zainab M Elsayed
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Elsawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Raed M Maklad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Rashed
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Amira Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Sherif F Hammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Ain Helwan, Egypt; PharmD Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh M Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, P.O. Box 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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4
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Marques CS, Brandão P, Burke AJ. Targeting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR-2): Latest Insights on Synthetic Strategies. Molecules 2024; 29:5341. [PMID: 39598729 PMCID: PMC11596329 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29225341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 11/08/2024] [Accepted: 11/09/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) is a crucial mediator of angiogenesis, playing a pivotal role in both normal physiological processes and cancer progression. Tumors harness VEGFR-2 signaling to promote abnormal blood vessel growth, which is a key step in the metastasis process, making it a valuable target for anticancer drug development. While there are VEGFR-2 inhibitors approved for therapeutic use, they face challenges like drug resistance, off-target effects, and adverse side effects, limiting their effectiveness. The quest for new drug candidates with VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity often starts with the selection of key structural motifs present in molecules currently used in clinical practice, expanding the chemical space by generating novel derivatives bearing one or more of these moieties. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the development of novel VEGFR-2 inhibitors, focusing on the synthesis of new drug candidates with promising antiproliferative and VEGFR-2 inhibition activities, organizing them by relevant structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina S. Marques
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Institute for Research and Advanced Training, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000-641 Evora, Portugal
| | - Pedro Brandão
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Campus Universitátio, Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
- Centro de Química de Coimbra, Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bio-Economy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anthony J. Burke
- Centro de Química de Coimbra, Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Valapil DG, Devabattula G, Sakla AP, Godugu C, Shankaraiah N. Design, Development of Pyrazole-Linked Spirocyclopropyl Oxindole-Carboxamides as Potential Cytotoxic Agents and Type III Allosteric VEGFR-2 Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400422. [PMID: 39087579 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Tumor progression depends on angiogenesis, which is stimulated by growth factors like VEGF, targeting VEGFR kinase with small molecules is an effective anti-angiogenic therapeutic approach. The rational modification of sunitinib (VEGFR-2 inhibitor) to spirocyclopropyloxindoline carboxamides have been performed and their in vitro cytotoxic profiling was evaluated. The molecular modelling studies enabled the screening of designed analogues and identifying the possible interactions within the type III allosteric inhibitor binding site of VEGFR-2. The biological screening of synthesized compounds 15 a-y, revealed the ability of compound 15 w to inhibit the cell growth in MCF-7 cell line with IC50 value of 3.87±0.19 μM and alongside inhibition of VEGFR-2 kinase at a IC50 concentration of 4.34±0.13 μM was observed. Also, VEGFR-2 inhibition was validated through HUVEC tube formation inhibition assay. The qualitative assessment of apoptosis induction by 15 w in MCF-7 cells was evaluated through staining studies such as AO/EB and DAPI staining, whereas quantification of apoptosis and cell cycle analysis were performed through FACS analysis. The metastatic ability of the cancer cells was evaluated through inhibition of cell migration by a scratch wound healing assay. The current study strives to sequentially optimize the structural attributes of the 3-alkenyl oxindole core to surpass the existing challenges of well-known VEGFR-2 inhibitors. The findings observed from this study highlights that compound 15 w to be a prominent lead towards the development of clinical drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Gurukkala Valapil
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Geetanjali Devabattula
- Department of Biological Sciences (Pharmacology & Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Akash P Sakla
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Biological Sciences (Pharmacology & Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
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Bayoumi HH, Ibrahim MK, Dahab MA, Khedr F, El-Adl K. Exploration of the VEGFR-2 inhibition activity of phthalazine derivatives: design, synthesis, cytotoxicity, ADMET, molecular docking and dynamic simulation. RSC Adv 2024; 14:21668-21681. [PMID: 38979468 PMCID: PMC11229888 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03459g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel phthalazine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated against Hep G2 and MCF-7 as VEGFR-2 inhibitors. In particular, compounds 2g and 4a were found to be the most potent derivatives among all the tested compounds against MCF-7 and Hep G2 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 0.15 and 0.12 and 0.18 and 0.09 μM respectively. Moreover, compounds 3a, 3c, 5a and 5b displayed excellent anticancer activities against MCF-7 and Hep G2 cancer cell lines. The highly active derivatives 2g, 3a, 3c, 4a, 5a and 5b were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against VEGFR-2. The tested compounds displayed high to low inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 0.148 to 0.892 μM. Among them, compounds 2g and 4a were found to be the most potent derivatives that inhibited VEGFR-2 with IC50 values of 0.148 and 0.196 μM respectively. Compounds 3a, 3c, 5a and 5b exhibited good activity with IC50 values of 0.375, 0.892, 0.548 and 0.331 μM respectively. Sorafenib was used as a reference drug in this study. Molecular modeling studies were carried out for all compounds against the VEGFR-2 active site. The data obtained from biological testing highly correlated with those obtained from molecular modeling studies. Moreover, MD simulation results indicated the stability of ligand-target interaction. Furthermore, our derivatives 2g and 4a showed a good in silico calculated ADMET profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Hussein Bayoumi
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Nasr City 11884 Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohamed-Kamal Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Nasr City 11884 Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Dahab
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Nasr City 11884 Cairo Egypt
| | - Fathalla Khedr
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Nasr City 11884 Cairo Egypt
| | - Khaled El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development Cairo Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Nasr City 11884 Cairo Egypt
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Ezelarab HAA, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Ali TFS, Sayed AM, Hassan HA, Beshr EAM, Abbas SH. New 2-oxoindole derivatives as multiple PDGFRα/ß and VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107234. [PMID: 38412650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Two new series of N-aryl acetamides 6a-o and benzyloxy benzylidenes 9a-p based 2-oxoindole derivatives were designed as potent antiproliferative multiple kinase inhibitors. The results of one-dose NCI antiproliferative screening for compounds 6a-o and 9a-p elucidated that the most promising antiproliferative scaffolds were 6f and 9f, which underwent five-dose testing. Notably, the amido congener 6f was the most potent derivative towards pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma MDA-PATC53 and PL45 cell lines (IC50 = 1.73 µM and 2.40 µM, respectively), and the benzyloxy derivative 9f was the next potent one with IC50 values of 2.85 µM and 2.96 µM, respectively. Both compounds 6f and 9f demonstrated a favorable safety profile when tested against normal prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1). Additionally, compound 6f displayed exceptional selectivity as a multiple kinase inhibitor, particularly targeting PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, and VEGFR-2 kinases, with IC50 values of 7.41 nM, 6.18 nM, and 7.49 nM, respectively. In contrast, the reference compound Sunitinib exhibited IC50 values of 43.88 nM, 2.13 nM, and 78.46 nM against the same kinases. The derivative 9f followed closely, with IC50 values of 9.9 nM, 6.62 nM, and 22.21 nM for the respective kinases. Both 6f and 9f disrupt the G2/M cell cycle transition by upregulating p21 and reducing CDK1 and cyclin B1 mRNA levels. The interplay between targeted kinases and these cell cycle regulators underpins the G2/M cell cycle arrest induced by our compounds. Also, compounds 6f and 9f fundamentally resulted in entering MDA-PATC53 cells into the early stage of apoptosis with good percentages compared to the positive control Sunitinib. The in silico molecular-docking outcomes of scaffolds 6a-o and 9a-p in VEGFR-2, PDGFRα, and PDGFRβ active sites depicted their ability to adopt essential binding interactions like the reference Sunitinib. Our designed analogs, specifically 6f and 9f, possess promising antiproliferative and kinase inhibitory properties, making them potential candidates for further therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend A A Ezelarab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Amer Ali Abd El-Hafeez
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Taha F S Ali
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, 62513 Beni-Suef, Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy, Collage of Pharmacy, Almaaqal University, 61014 Basrah, Iraq
| | - Heba A Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt.
| | - Eman A M Beshr
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Samar H Abbas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt.
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Șandor A, Fizeșan I, Ionuț I, Marc G, Moldovan C, Oniga I, Pîrnău A, Vlase L, Petru AE, Macasoi I, Oniga O. Discovery of A Novel Series of Quinazoline-Thiazole Hybrids as Potential Antiproliferative and Anti-Angiogenic Agents. Biomolecules 2024; 14:218. [PMID: 38397456 PMCID: PMC10886515 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the pivotal role of angiogenesis in solid tumor progression, we developed a novel series of quinazoline-thiazole hybrids (SA01-SA07) as antiproliferative and anti-angiogenic agents. Four out of the seven compounds displayed superior antiproliferative activity (IC50 =1.83-4.24 µM) on HepG2 cells compared to sorafenib (IC50 = 6.28 µM). The affinity towards the VEGFR2 kinase domain was assessed through in silico prediction by molecular docking, molecular dynamics studies, and MM-PBSA. The series displayed a high degree of similarity to sorafenib regarding the binding pose within the active site of VEGFR2, with a different orientation of the 4-substituted-thiazole moieties in the allosteric pocket. Molecular dynamics and MM-PBSA evaluations identified SA05 as the hybrid forming the most stable complex with VEGFR2 compared to sorafenib. The impact of the compounds on vascular cell proliferation was assessed on EA.hy926 cells. Six compounds (SA01-SA05, SA07) displayed superior anti-proliferative activity (IC50 = 0.79-5.85 µM) compared to sorafenib (IC50 = 6.62 µM). The toxicity was evaluated on BJ cells. Further studies of the anti-angiogenic effect of the most promising compounds, SA04 and SA05, through the assessment of impact on EA.hy296 motility using a wound healing assay and in ovo potential in a CAM assay compared to sorafenib, led to the confirmation of the anti-angiogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Șandor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babes, Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.Ș.); (I.I.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Ionel Fizeșan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioana Ionuț
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babes, Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.Ș.); (I.I.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Gabriel Marc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babes, Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.Ș.); (I.I.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Cristina Moldovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babes, Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.Ș.); (I.I.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Ilioara Oniga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 Ion Creangă Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adrian Pîrnău
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș, Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Andreea-Elena Petru
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioana Macasoi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Oniga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babes, Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.Ș.); (I.I.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (O.O.)
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Abdelhamed AM, Hassan RA, Kadry HH, Helwa AA. Novel pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine derivatives: design, synthesis, anticancer evaluation, VEGFR-2 inhibition, and antiangiogenic activity. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2640-2657. [PMID: 38107182 PMCID: PMC10718518 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00476g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel series of 12 pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives were created and evaluated in vitro for their antiproliferative activity against the NCI 60 human tumor cell line panel. Compounds 12a-d displayed significant antitumor activity against MDA-MB-468 and T-47D (breast cancer cell lines), especially compound 12b, which exhibited the highest anticancer activity against MDA-MB-468 and T-47D cell lines with IC50 values of 3.343 ± 0.13 and 4.792 ± 0.21 μM, respectively compared to staurosporine with IC50 values of 6.358 ± 0.24 and 4.849 ± 0.22 μM. The most potent cytotoxic derivatives 12a-d were studied for their VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity to explore the mechanism of action of these substances. Compound 12b had potent activity against VEGFR-2 with an IC50 value of 0.063 ± 0.003 μM, compared to sunitinib with IC50 = 0.035 ± 0.012 μM. Moreover, there was an excellent reduction in HUVEC migratory potential that resulted in a significant disruption of wound healing patterns by 23% after 72 h of treatment with compound 12b. Cell cycle and apoptosis investigations showed that compound 12b could stop the cell cycle at the S phase and significantly increase total apoptosis in the MDA-MB-468 cell line by 18.98-fold compared to the control. Moreover, compound 12b increased the caspase-3 level in the MDA-MB-468 cell line by 7.32-fold as compared to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abdelhamed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST) 6th of October City Egypt
| | - Rasha A Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El-Aini Street Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - Hanan H Kadry
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El-Aini Street Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - Amira A Helwa
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST) 6th of October City Egypt
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10
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Aboutaleb MH, El-Gohary NS, Ghabbour HA, El-Kerdawy MM. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of new benzimidazole thiourea derivatives as antitumor agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300269. [PMID: 37602810 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Novel benzimidazole thiourea derivatives were designed and synthesized based on sorafenib as a lead compound. The benzimidazole moiety was traded by the pyridine ring to enhance the hydrophobic interaction and retain hydrogen bonding in the hinge region, while lipophilic moieties with different bulkiness were employed in the deep hydrophobic pocket for better hydrophobic interactions. Thiourea as a urea bioisostere was also utilized. Substantial activity was demonstrated against a leukemia subpanel in an in vitro antitumor screening at the NCI. In the single-dose assay, compounds 7i, 7j, and 7l had a GI%) higher than sorafenib against most leukemia cell lines (GI% = 86.2%-137.1%), while in the five-dose assay, compound 7l outperformed sorafenib against the HL-60(TB) and SR leukemia cell lines in terms of GI50 , TGI, and LC50 . Compound 7l also caused cycle arrest at the G0-G1 and S phases in the HL-60(TB) leukemia cell line and induced apoptosis via elevating the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and increasing caspases 3, 7, and 9 by 5.1-, 3.2-, and 5.2-fold, respectively. Compounds 7i, 7j, and 7l also inhibited the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), B-Raf(V600E) , and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-β) enzymes with an IC50 range of 0.063-0.44 μM. COMPARE analysis and a molecular docking study were also performed to predict the possible mechanism of action and binding mode, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Aboutaleb
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Nadia S El-Gohary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hazem A Ghabbour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M El-Kerdawy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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11
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Seif SE, Mahmoud Z, Wardakhan WW, Abdou AM, Hassan RA. Design and synthesis of novel hexahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as potential anticancer agents with antiangiogenic activity via VEGFR-2 inhibition, and down-regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:839-860. [PMID: 37016480 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
New thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) evaluated the synthesized novel compounds against a panel of 60 tumor cell lines for their antiproliferative activity. Compounds 6b, 6f, and 6g showed potent anticancer activity at 10 µM dose, with mean GI of 20.86%, 76.41%, and 31.49%, respectively. Compound 6f was selected for five-dose concentrations evaluation. Compound 6f scored a submicromolar range of GI50 values against 10 cancer cell lines, indicating broad-spectrum and potent antiproliferative activity. Compound 6f TGI values were recorded in the cytostatic range of 4.02-95.1 µM. In comparison to sorafenib, the tested compounds 6b, 6f, and 6g inhibited VEGFR-2 with IC50 values of 0.290 ± 0.032, 0.066 ± 0.004, and 0.16 ± 0.006 µM, correspondingly. Compound 6f significantly reduced the total VEGFR-2 expression and its phosphorylation. Additionally, 6f reduced the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR pathway proteins. Moreover, the migratory potential of HUVECs was significantly reduced, after 72 h of treatment with compound 6f, resulting in disrupted wound healing patterns which verified the angiogenesis suppression properties of compound 6f. Compound 6f increased the total apoptosis percentage by 21.27-fold compared to sorafenib, which caused a 24.11-fold increase in the total apoptosis percentage. This apoptotic activity was accompanied by a 7.81-fold increase in the level of apoptotic caspase-3. Furthermore, the cell cycle analysis revealed that the target derivative 6f reduced cellular proliferation and induced an arrest in HCT-15 colon cancer cell cycle at the S phase. Molecular modeling was used to determine the binding profile and affinity of derivative 6f toward the VEGFR-2 active site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeinab Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Amr M Abdou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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El-Fakharany ZS, Nissan YM, Sedky NK, Arafa RK, Abou-Seri SM. New proapoptotic chemotherapeutic agents based on the quinolone-3-carboxamide scaffold acting by VEGFR-2 inhibition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11346. [PMID: 37443185 PMCID: PMC10444817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38264-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we designed and synthesized a series of new quinoline derivatives 10a-p as antiproliferative agents targeting cancer through inhibition of VEGFR-2. Preliminary molecular docking to assess the interactions of the designed derivatives with the binding site of VEGFR-2 (PDB code: 4ASD) displayed binding poses and interactions comparable to sorafenib. The synthesized compounds exhibited VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity with IC50 ranging from 36 nM to 2.23 μM compared to sorafenib (IC50 = 45 nM), where derivative 10i was the most potent. Additionally, the synthesized derivatives were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cancer cell line. Seven compounds 10a, 10c, 10d, 10e, 10i, 10n and 10o (IC50 = 4.60, 4.14, 1.07, 0.88, 1.60, 2.88 and 2.76 μM respectively) displayed better antiproliferative activity than sorafenib (IC50 = 8.38 μM). Compound 10i was tested against Transformed Human Liver Epithelial-2 normal cell line (THLE-2) to evaluate its selective cytotoxicity. Furthermore, 10i, as a potent representative of the series, was assayed for its apoptotic activity and cell cycle kinetics' influence on HepG2, its effects on the gene expression of VEGFR-2, and protein expression of the apoptotic markers Caspase-7 and Bax. Compound 10i proved to have a potential role in apoptosis by causing significant increase in the early and late apoptotic quartiles, a remarkable activity in elevating the relative protein expression of Bax and Caspase-7 and a significant reduction of VEGFR-2 gene expression. Collectively, the obtained results indicate that compound 10i has a promising potential as a lead compound for the development of new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab S El-Fakharany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo, 12451, Egypt
| | - Yassin M Nissan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo, 12451, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Nada K Sedky
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem K Arafa
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12578, Egypt.
- Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, 12578, Egypt.
| | - Sahar M Abou-Seri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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13
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Abdelgawad MA, Bukhari SNA, Musa A, Elmowafy M, Nayl AA, El-Ghorab AH, Sadek Abdel-Bakky M, Omar HA, Hadal Alotaibi N, Hassan HM, Ghoneim MM, Bakr RB. Phthalazone tethered 1,2,3-triazole conjugates: In silico molecular docking studies, synthesis, in vitro antiproliferative, and kinase inhibitory activities. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106404. [PMID: 36812829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
New phthalazone tethered 1,2,3-triazole derivatives 12-21 were synthesized utilizing the Cu(I)-catalyzed click reactions of alkyne-functionalized phthalazone 1 with functionalized azides 2-11. The new phthalazone-1,2,3-triazoles structures 12-21 were confirmed by different spectroscopic tools, like IR; 1H, 13C, 2D HMBC and 2D ROESY NMR; EI MS, and elemental analysis. The antiproliferative efficacy of the molecular hybrids 12-21 against four cancer cell lines was evaluated, including colorectal cancer, hepatoblastoma, prostate cancer, breast adenocarcinoma, and the normal cell line WI38. The antiproliferative assessment of derivatives 12-21 showed potent activity of compounds 16, 18, and 21 compared to the anticancer drug doxorubicin. Compound 16 showed selectivity (SI) towardthe tested cell lines ranging from 3.35 to 8.84 when compared to Dox., that showed SI ranged from 0.75 to 1.61. Derivatives 16, 18 and 21 were assessed towards VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity and result in that derivative 16 showed the potent activity (IC50 = 0.123 µM) in comparison with sorafenib (IC50 = 0.116 µM). Compound 16 caused an interference with the cell cycle distribution of MCF7 and increased the percentage of cells in S phase by 1.37-fold. In silico molecular docking of the effective derivatives 16, 18, and 21 against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) confirmed the formation of stable protein-ligand interactions within the pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, college of pharmacy, Jouf university, sakaka 72431, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, college of pharmacy, Jouf university, sakaka 72431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Elmowafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - AbdElAziz A Nayl
- Department of chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H El-Ghorab
- Department of chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Sadek Abdel-Bakky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany A Omar
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nasser Hadal Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam M Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania B Bakr
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
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14
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Ghannam IAY, El Kerdawy AM, Mounier MM, Abo-Elfadl MT, Ali IH. Novel 2-oxo-2-phenylethoxy and benzyloxy diaryl urea hybrids as VEGFR-2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, and anticancer evaluation. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200341. [PMID: 36398495 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two series of diaryl urea derivatives, 6a-k and 7a-n, were synthesized. All the newly synthesized compounds were tested against the NCI (US) cancer cell lines via SRB assay. The p-chloro-m-trifluoromethyl phenyl derivatives 6e-g and 7e-g showed the most potent cytotoxic activity with a GI50 value range of 1.2-15.9 µM. Furthermore, the p-fluorobenzyloxy diaryl urea derivative 7g revealed the most potent cytotoxicity against eight cancer cell lines in the MTT assay with IC50 values below 5 µM. Compounds 6a-k and 7a-n were tested for their vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) kinase inhibitory activities. The p-chloro-m-trifluoromethyl diaryl urea benzyloxy derivatives 7e-i and the p-methoxydiaryl urea benzyloxy derivatives 7k, 7l, and 7n were found to be the most active compounds as VEGFR-2 inhibitors in the benzyloxy series 7, with an IC50 range of 0.09-4.15 µM. In the 2-oxo-2-phenylethoxy series 6, compounds 6e-g and 6i were reported with IC50 values of 0.94, 0.54, 2.71, and 4.81 µM, respectively. Moreover, compounds 7e and 7g induced apoptosis, causing cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. In addition, 7g showed an antimigratory effect in A-375 cells and inhibited the VEGFR-2 expression in an immunohistofluorescence study. Molecular docking simulations on VEGFR-2 as well as ADME properties prediction were also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman A Y Ghannam
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Newgiza, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Mounier
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud T Abo-Elfadl
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt.,Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Islam H Ali
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
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15
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Rahman A, Ningegowda NB, Siddappa MK, Pargi M, Kumaraswamy HM, Satyanarayan ND, Achur R. Synthesis of Palladium-Catalysed C-C Bond Forming 5-Chloro Quinolines via Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling; Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Screening on PANC-1 Cell Lines. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200622. [PMID: 36437502 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the most severe among other cancers due to its late detection and less chance of survivability. Heterocycles are proven ring systems in the treatment of various cancers and this is due to the presence of two biodynamic molecules combined, which have a greater synergistic efficacy in many anticancer drugs. Quinoline and pyridine ring systems are brought together to obtain greater potency and this is achieved by coupling both using Pd-catalyst, and in the present investigation, Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (SMC) reactions are adopted to generate potent molecular entities. Pancreatic cancer is difficult to treat due to overexpression of the VEGFR2 protein. VEGFR2 is targeted to design the molecules of quinoline-coupled pyridine moieties and is docked to evaluate the protein-ligand interaction at the binding site. The binding affinity of conjugates revealed the potency and capability of ligands to inhibit the VEGFR2 pathway. The in-silico ADMET properties determined their inherent pharmacokinetic feasibility. The synthesized conjugates have been evaluated by MTT assay against the human pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC-1). Among the series, compounds 5d, 5e, and 5h exhibited a greater inhibitory activity against the cell lines with an IC50 value of 82.32±1.38, 54.74±1.18 and 80.35±1.68 μM. In the present exploration, 5e exhibited greater inhibitory activity and it could be a promising lead for the development of new chemotherapeutics against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Post Graduate Center, Kadur, Chikkamagaluru, Karnataka, India -, 577548
| | - Nippu Belur Ningegowda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Post Graduate Center, Kadur, Chikkamagaluru, Karnataka, India -, 577548
| | - Manjunatha Kammathalli Siddappa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Post Graduate Center, Kadur, Chikkamagaluru, Karnataka, India -, 577548
| | - Meghana Pargi
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankargatta, Shimoga, Karnataka, India -, 577451
| | | | - Nayak Devappa Satyanarayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Post Graduate Center, Kadur, Chikkamagaluru, Karnataka, India -, 577548
| | - Rajeshwara Achur
- Department of Biochemistry, Kuvempu University, Shankargatta, Shimoga, Karnataka, India -, 577451
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16
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Akl L, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Ibrahim TM, Salem R, Marzouk HMM, El-Domany RA, Ghosh P, Eldehna WM, Abou-Seri SM. Identification of novel piperazine-tethered phthalazines as selective CDK1 inhibitors endowed with in vitro anticancer activity toward the pancreatic cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114704. [PMID: 36095992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacologic inhibition of the oncogenic protein kinases using small molecules is a promising strategy to combat several human malignancies. CDK1 is an example of such a valuable target for the management of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC); its overexpression in PDAC positively correlates with the size, histological grade and tumor aggressiveness. Here we report the identification of novel series of 1-piperazinyl-4-benzylphthalazine derivatives (8a-g, 10a-i and 12a-d) as promising anticancer agents with CDK1 inhibitory activity. The anti-proliferative activity of these agents was first screened on a panel of 11 cell lines representing 5 cancers (pancreas, melanoma, leukemia, colon and breast), and then confirmed on two CDK1-overexpressing PDAC cell lines (MDA-PATC53 and PL45 cells). Phthalazines 8g, 10d and 10h displayed potent activity against MDA-PATC53 (IC50 = 0.51, 0.88 and 0.73 μM, respectively) and PL45 (IC50 = 0.74, 1.14 and 1.00 μM, respectively) cell lines. Furthermore, compounds 8g, 10d and 10h exhibited potent and selective inhibitory activity toward CDK1 with IC50 spanning in the range 36.80-44.52 nM, whereas they exerted weak inhibitory effect on CDK2, CDK5, AXL, PTK2B, FGFR, JAK1, IGF1R and BRAF kinases. Western blotting of CDK1 in MDA-PATC53 cells confirmed the ability of target phthalazines to diminish the CDK1 levels, and cell cycle analyses revealed their ability to arrest the cell cycle at G2/M phase. In conclusion, a panel of potent and selective CDK1 inhibitors were identified which can serve as lead compounds for designing further CDK1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Akl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Amer Ali Abd El-Hafeez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Tamer M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Rofaida Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Hala Mohamed M Marzouk
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Ramadan A El-Domany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt.
| | - Sahar M Abou-Seri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt.
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17
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Kotb AR, Bakhotmah DA, Abdallah AE, Elkady H, Taghour MS, Eissa IH, El-Zahabi MA. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel bioactive thalidomide analogs as anticancer immunomodulatory agents. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33525-33539. [PMID: 36505721 PMCID: PMC9680624 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06188k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is still a dangerous disease with a high mortality rate all over the world. In our attempt to develop potential anticancer candidates, new quinazoline and phthalazine based compounds were designed and synthesized. The new derivatives were built in line with the pharmacophoric features of thalidomide. The new derivatives as well as thalidomide were examined against three cancer cell lines, namely: hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2), breast cancer (MCF-7) and prostate cancer (PC3). Then the effects on the expression levels of caspase-8, VEGF, NF-κB P65, and TNF-α in HepG-2 cells were evaluated. The biological data revealed the high importance of phthalazine based compounds (24a-c), which were far better than thalidomide with regard to the antiproliferative activity. 24b showed IC50 of 2.51, 5.80 and 4.11 μg mL-1 compared to 11.26, 14.58, and 16.87 μg mL-1 for thalidomide against the three cell lines respectively. 24b raised caspase-8 level by about 7 folds, compared to 8 folds reported for thalidomide. Also, VEGF level in HepG-2 cells treated with 24b was 185.3 pg mL-1, compared to 432.5 pg mL-1 in control cells. Furthermore, the immunomodulatory properties were proven to 24b, which reduced TNF-α level by approximately half. At the same time, NF-κB P65 level in HepG-2 cells treated with 24b was 76.5 pg mL-1 compared to 278.1 and 110.5 pg mL-1 measured for control cells and thalidomide treated HepG-2 cells respectively. Moreover, an in vitro viability study against Vero non-cancerous cell line was investigated and the results reflected a high safety profile of all tested compounds. This work suggests 24b as a promising lead compound for development of new immunomodulatory anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Ramadan Kotb
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar UniversityCairo11884Egypt
| | - Dina A. Bakhotmah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah E. Abdallah
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar UniversityCairo11884Egypt
| | - Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar UniversityCairo11884Egypt
| | - Mohammed S. Taghour
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar UniversityCairo11884Egypt
| | - Ibrahim. H. Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar UniversityCairo11884Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ayman El-Zahabi
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar UniversityCairo11884Egypt
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18
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Naharwal S, Karishma P, Mahesha CK, Bajaj K, Mandal SK, Sakhuja R. Ruthenium-catalyzed (spiro)annulation of N-aryl-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-diones with quinones to access pentacyclic spiro-indazolones and fused-cinnolines. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4753-4764. [PMID: 35616276 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00493c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ru(II)-catalyzed strategies were developed for the [4 + 1] and [4 + 2] oxidative coupling between N-aryl-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-diones and 1,4-benzoquinones, achieving spiro-indazolones and fused-cinnolines, respectively. Mild, aerobic and external oxidant-free conditions, as well as the use of a ruthenium catalyst for such (spiro)annulative strategies with quinones over reported Rh/Ir-catalyts, underline the rewards of the disclosed protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Naharwal
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| | - Pidiyara Karishma
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| | - Chikkagundagal K Mahesha
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| | - Kiran Bajaj
- Department of Chemistry, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manuali P.O., Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rajeev Sakhuja
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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19
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El-Sayed DS, El-Faham A, Soliman SM. Synthesis, molecular and supramolecular structure aspects and biological evaluations of a novel [Ag2(phthalazine)(NO3)2]n 3D coordination polymer. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Chao Gao, Dai H, Si X, Zhang Y, Liu L, Wang Z, Meng Y, Zhang Y, Wang T, Zheng J, Shan L, Liu H, Zhang Q. Synthesis and Antitumor Activity Evaluation of Novel 2-Amino-5-Ethylpyrimidine Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Eldehna WM, Maklad RM, Almahli H, Al-Warhi T, Elkaeed EB, Abourehab MAS, Abdel-Aziz HA, El Kerdawy AM. Identification of 3-(piperazinylmethyl)benzofuran derivatives as novel type II CDK2 inhibitors: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and in silico insights. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1227-1240. [PMID: 35470754 PMCID: PMC9126595 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2062337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current work, a hybridisation strategy was adopted between the privileged building blocks, benzofuran and piperazine, with the aim of designing novel CDK2 type II inhibitors. The hybrid structures were linked to different aromatic semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide, or acylhydrazone tails to anchor the designed inhibitors onto the CDK2 kinase domain. The designed compounds showed promising CDK2 inhibitory activity. Compounds 9h, 11d, 11e and 13c showed potent inhibitory activity (IC50 of 40.91, 41.70, 46.88, and 52.63 nM, respectively) compared to staurosporine (IC50 of 56.76 nM). Moreover, benzofurans 9e, 9h, 11d, and 13b showed promising antiproliferative activities towards different cancer cell lines, and non-significant cytotoxicity on normal lung fibroblasts MRC-5 cell line. Furthermore, a cell cycle analysis as well as Annexin V-FITC apoptosis assay on Panc-1 cell line were performed. Molecular docking simulations were performed to explore the ability of target benzofurans to adopt the common binding pattern of CDK2 type II inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Raed M Maklad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.,Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hadia Almahli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, NewGiza University (NGU), Cairo, Egypt
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22
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Mekheimer RA, Abd-Elmonem M, Abou Elsebaa M, Nazmy MH, Sadek KU. Recent developments in the green synthesis of biologically relevant cinnolines and phthalazines. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022; 0. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Both cinnolines and phthalazines are heterocyclic compounds which have a wide range of biological activities and pharmacological profiles. This work represents the recent advances in the green synthesis of cinnolines and phthalazines as 1,2 and 2,3-diazanaphalenes were cited. The docking studies and mode of action for key scaffolds were also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Abd-Elmonem
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abou Elsebaa
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
| | - Maiiada Hassan Nazmy
- Biochemistry Department , Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
| | - Kamal Usef Sadek
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
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23
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Abd El-Meguid EA, Naglah AM, Moustafa GO, Awad HM, El Kerdawy AM. Novel Benzothiazole-Based Dual VEGFR-2/EGFR Inhibitors Targeting Breast and Liver Cancers: Synthesis, Cytotoxic Activity, QSAR and Molecular Docking Studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 58:128529. [PMID: 35007724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of benzothiazole-based derivatives linked to various amino acids and their corresponding ethyl ester analogues were synthesized and were initially screened for their cytotoxic activity against human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and human liver carcinoma (HepG-2) and were further assessed as VEGFR-2 inhibitors. All the newly synthesized benzothiazole derivatives showed promising cytotoxic activities against the tested cell lines. Derivatives exhibited potent cytotoxic and VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities were then evaluated further as anticancer agents against the resistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line (MDA-MB-231) and as EGFR inhibitors. The carboxylic acid derivatives 10-12 and their ester analogues 21-23 displayed the highest anticancer activities with IC50 of 0.73-0.89 µM, against MCF-7 and IC50 of 2.54-2.80 µM, against HepG-2; compared to doxorubicin (IC50 = 1.13 and 2.75 µM, respectively). In addition to their safety towards the normal cell line, the ethyl ester derivatives 21-23 showed a potent activity against the resistant MDA-MB-231 cell line with IC50 of 5.45-7.28 µM, relative to doxorubicin (IC50 = 7.46 µM) surpassing their carboxylic acid analogues 10-12 (IC50 of 8.88-11.02 µM). Furthermore, the promising derivatives 10-12 and 21-23 displayed promising VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.15-0.19 µM) comparable to that of sorafenib (IC50 = 0.12 µM). Against EGFR, the ethyl ester derivatives 21-23 showed superior inhibitory activity relative to the used reference standard, erlotinib, with IC50 of 0.11-0.16 vs. 0.18 µM, respectively. The QSAR study revealed that the molecular bulkiness and molecular partial charge distribution govern the kinase inhibition potency in this series. Furthermore, the molecular docking study in VEGFR-2 active site showed that the newly synthesized benzothiazole derivatives adopted the common binding pattern of type II PK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Abd El-Meguid
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Naglah
- Peptide Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Gaber O Moustafa
- Peptide Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Hanem M Awad
- Department of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo P.O. Box 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Newgiza, km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt
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24
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Identification of lead inhibitors of TMPRSS2 isoform 1 of SARS-CoV-2 target using neural network, random forest, and molecular docking. DATA SCIENCE FOR COVID-19 2022. [PMCID: PMC8988906 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-90769-9.00021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was responsible for over 4 million confirmed cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome, of which more than 300,000 cases were confirmed to be dead as of May 2020. The virulent endocytotic activities of SARS-CoV-2 have been associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Previous studies on the viral activation of TMPRSS2 focused most often than not on the isoform 2 of TMPRSS2, but the isoform 1 (529 residues) has also been shown to be expressed in target cells and contribute to viral activation in host. The inhibition of TMPRSS2 has been reported to grossly reduce the pathogenic effects of SARS-CoV-2 endocytotic activities. In this study therefore, we developed two machine learning models using random forest classifier (RFC) and neural networks (NNs) based on 2251 serine protease inhibitors to screen a database of 21,000,000 virtual compounds. We screened the hit compounds using absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties and finally docked the filtered compounds into the predicted binding site of TMPRSS2 isoform 1 homology model to determine their corresponding binding affinity and plausible molecular interactions. One (ASONN) and four (ASOIRFC1–4) lead compounds were obtained from the ADME-NN and RFC filtered hits, respectively, having better binding affinity and lead-likeness properties than those of camostat; this could be due to extensive hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions.
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25
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El-Adl K, Abdel-Rahman AAH, Omar AM, Alswah M, Saleh NM. Design, synthesis, anticancer, and docking of some S- and/or N-heterocyclic derivatives as VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100237. [PMID: 34862655 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Novel heterocyclic derivatives (4-22) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated against hepatocellular carcinoma type (HepG2) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cells, targeting the VEGFR-2 enzyme. Compounds 18, 10, 13, 11, and 14 were found to be the most potent derivatives against both the HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, with GI50 = 2.11, 2.54 µM, 3.16, 3.64 µM, 3.24, 6.99 µM, 7.41, 6.49 µM and 8.08, 10.46 µM, respectively. Compounds 18 and 10 showed higher activities against both HepG2 and MCF-7 cells than sorafenib (GI50 = 9.18, 5.47 µM, respectively) and doxorubicin (GI50 = 7.94, 8.07 µM, respectively). Compounds 13, 11, and 14 showed higher activities than sorafenib against HepG2 cancer cells, but lower activities against MCF-7 cells. Compounds 18, 13, and 10 were more potent than sorafenib, inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) at GI50 values of 0.05, 0.06, and 0.08 µM, respectively. Compound 11 inhibited VEGFR-2 at an IC50 value of 0.10 µM, which is equipotent to sorafenib. Compound 14 inhibited VEGFR-2 at an IC50 value of 0.11 µM, which is nearly equipotent to sorafenib. The tested compounds have more selectivity against cancer cell lines. Compounds 18, 10, 13, 11, and 14 are, respectively, 16.76, 9.24, 6.06, 2.78, and 2.85 times more toxic in HePpG2 cancer cells than in VERO normal cells. Also, compounds 18, 10, 13, 11, and 14 are, respectively, 14.07, 8.02, 2.81, 3.18, and 2.20 times more toxic in MCF-7 than in VERO normal cells. The most active compounds, 10, 13, and 18, showed a good ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa M Omar
- Chemistry Department, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koam, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Alswah
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nashwa M Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Kassab AE, Gedawy EM, Hamed MIA, Doghish AS, Hassan RA. Design, synthesis, anticancer evaluation, and molecular modelling studies of novel tolmetin derivatives as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors and apoptosis inducers. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:922-939. [PMID: 33896327 PMCID: PMC8079033 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1901089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel tolmetin derivatives 5a-f to 8a-c were designed, synthesised, and evaluated for antiproliferative activity by NCI (USA) against a panel of 60 tumour cell lines. The cytotoxic activity of the most active tolmetin derivatives 5b and 5c was examined against HL-60, HCT-15, and UO-31 tumour cell lines. Compound 5b was found to be the most potent derivative against HL-60, HCT-15, and UO-31 cell lines with IC50 values of 10.32 ± 0.55, 6.62 ± 0.35, and 7.69 ± 0.41 µM, respectively. Molecular modelling studies of derivative 5b towards the VEGFR-2 active site were performed. Compound 5b displayed high inhibitory activity against VEGFR-2 (IC50 = 0.20 µM). It extremely reduced the HUVECs migration potential exhibiting deeply reduced wound healing patterns after 72 h. It induced apoptosis in HCT-15 cells (52.72-fold). This evidence was supported by an increase in the level of apoptotic caspases-3, -8, and -9 by 7.808-, 1.867-, and 7.622-fold, respectively. Compound 5b arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, the ADME studies showed that compound 5b possessed promising pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa E. Kassab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ehab M. Gedawy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Egypt
| | - Mohammed I. A. Hamed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Doghish
- Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Department of Biochemistry, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Egypt
| | - Rasha A. Hassan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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27
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El-Adl K, Ibrahim MK, Khedr F, Abulkhair HS, Eissa IH. Design, synthesis, docking, and anticancer evaluations of phthalazines as VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100278. [PMID: 34596910 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Twenty new N-substituted-4-phenylphthalazin-1-amine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anticancer activities against HepG2, HCT-116, and MCF-7 cells as VEGFR-2 inhibitors. HCT-116 was the most sensitive cell line to the influence of the new derivatives. In particular, compound 7f was found to be the most potent derivative among all the tested compounds against the three cancer cell lines, with 50% inhibition concentration, IC50 = 3.97, 4.83, and 4.58 µM, respectively, which is more potent than both sorafenib (IC50 = 9.18, 5.47, and 7.26 µM, respectively) and doxorubicin (IC50 = 7.94, 8.07, and 6.75 µM, respectively). Fifteen of the synthesized derivatives were selected to evaluate their inhibitory activities against VEGFR-2. Compound 7f was found to be the most potent derivative that inhibited VEGFR-2 at an IC50 value of 0.08 µM, which is more potent than sorafenib (IC50 = 0.10 µM). Compound 8c inhibited VEGFR-2 at an IC50 value of 0.10 µM, which is equipotent to sorafenib. Moreover, compound 7a showed very good activity with IC50 values of 0.11 µM, which is nearly equipotent to sorafenib. In addition, compounds 7d, 7c, and 7g possessed very good VEGFR-2-inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 0.14, 0.17, and 0.23 µM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled El-Adl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, El Salam City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Khedr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamada S Abulkhair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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28
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Chen TL, Patel AS, Jain V, Kuppusamy R, Lin YW, Hou MH, Su TL, Lee TC. Discovery of Oral Anticancer 1,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)benzo[ g]pyrrolo[2,1- a]phthalazine Hybrids That Inhibit Angiogenesis and Induce DNA Cross-Links. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12469-12486. [PMID: 34459195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Designing hybrid molecules with dual functions is one approach to improve the therapeutic efficacy of combination treatment. We have previously conjugated phthalazine and bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrole pharmacophores to form hybrids bearing antiangiogenesis and DNA interstrand cross-linking activities. To improve the bioavailability, we adopted a benzology approach to design and synthesize a new series of 1,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)benzo[g]pyrrolo[2,1-a]phthalazines. These new hybrids retained the dual functions and could be formulated into vehicles for intravenous and oral administration. Among them, we demonstrated that compound 19a with dimethylamine at the C6 position markedly suppressed the tumor growth of human small cell lung cancer cell line H526, squamous lung cancer cell line H520, and renal cancer cell line 786-O in nude mice, implying that compound 19a is a broad-spectrum anticancer agent. Our results implicated that the conjugation of antiangiogenic and DNA cross-linking is likely to be a helpful approach to improving the efficacy of combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40400, Taiwan
| | - Anilkumar S Patel
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, Atmiya University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India
| | - Vicky Jain
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, Marwadi University, Rajkot 360003, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Yi-Wen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hon Hou
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Tsann-Long Su
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chang Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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29
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Karishma P, Mandal SK, Sakhuja R. Rhodium‐Catalyzed Spirocyclization of Maleimide with
N
‐Aryl‐2,3‐dihydrophthalazine‐1,4‐dione to Access Pentacyclic Spiro‐Succinimides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pidiyara Karishma
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Rajasthan 333031 India
| | - Sanjay K. Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manuali P.O. Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| | - Rajeev Sakhuja
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Rajasthan 333031 India
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30
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Discovery of new quinoxaline-2(1H)-one-based anticancer agents targeting VEGFR-2 as inhibitors: Design, synthesis, and anti-proliferative evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105105. [PMID: 34175720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway is the crucial therapeutic target in the treatment of cancer. So that, a new series of quinoxaline-2(1H)-one derivatives were designed and synthesized. The synthesized compounds were tested against three human cancer cell lines (HepG-2, MCF-7 and HCT-116) aiming to evaluate its anti-proliferative activities. Doxorubicin as a universal anticancer drug and sorafenib as a potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor were used as positive controls. The data obtained from biological activity were found highly correlated with that obtained from molecular modeling studies. The most sensitive cell line to the influence of our new derivatives was HCT-116. Compounds 13b, 15, 16e and 17b exert the highest cytotoxic activities against the tested cell lines. Overall, compound 15 was the most active member with IC50 values of 5.30, 2.20, 5.50 µM against HepG-2, MCF-7 and HCT-116, respectively. Compounds 15 and 17b showed better anti-proliferative activities than doxorubicin and sorafenib against the three cancer cell lines. Additionally, compound 16e showed better anti-proliferative activities than doxorubicin and sorafenib against HepG-2 and HCT-116 but exhibited lower activity against MCF-7 cell line. In addition, the most promising members were further evaluated for their inhibitory activities against VEGFR-2. Compounds 15 and 17b potently inhibited VEGFR-2 at lower IC50 values of 1.09 and 1.19 µM, respectively, compared to sorafenib (IC50 = 1.27 µM). Moreover, docking studies were conducted to investigate the binding pattern of the synthesized compounds against the prospective molecular target VEGFR-2.
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31
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Wang T, Zhang Q, Wang N, Liu Z, Zhang B, Zhao Y. Research Progresses of Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3107-3146. [PMID: 33050856 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201013162144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, with nearly one million new cases and deaths every year. Owing to the complex pathogenesis, hidden early symptoms, rapidly developing processes, and poor prognosis, the morbidity and mortality of HCC are increasing yearly. With the progress being made in modern medicine, the treatment of HCC is no longer limited to traditional methods. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have emerged to treat advanced and metastatic HCC in recent years. Since Sorafenib is the first molecular targeting drug against angiogenesis, targeted drugs for HCC are continually emerging. Moreover, immunotherapy plays a vital role in clinical trials. In particular, the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have received increasing attention in the field of cancer treatment, is a possible research path. Interestingly, these two therapies generally complement each other at some stages of HCC, bringing new hope for patients with advanced HCC. In this paper, we discuss the research progress of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for HCC in recent years, which will provide a reference for the further development of drugs for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Qiting Zhang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, the PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
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32
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Molecular structure, spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, NMR), HOMO-LUMO, chemical reactivity, AIM, ELF, LOL and Molecular docking studies on 1-Benzyl-4-(N-Boc-amino)piperidine. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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33
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Reddy NN, Hung SJ, Swamy MK, Sanjeev A, Rao VS, Rohini R, Raju AK, Bhaskar K, Hu A, Reddy PM. Synthesis and Rational Design of New Appended 1,2,3-Triazole-uracil Ensembles as Promising Anti-Tumor Agents via In Silico VEGFR-2 Transferase Inhibition. Molecules 2021; 26:1952. [PMID: 33808444 PMCID: PMC8037033 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis inhibition is a key step towards the designing of new chemotherapeutic agents. In a view to preparing new molecular entities for cancer treatment, eighteen 1,2,3-triazole-uracil ensembles 5a-r were designed and synthesized via the click reaction. The ligands were well characterized using 1H-, 13C-NMR, elemental analysis and ESI-mass spectrometry. The in silico binding propinquities of the ligands were studied sequentially in the active region of VEGFR-2 using the Molegro virtual docker. All the compounds produced remarkable interactions and potentially inhibitory ligands against VEGFR-2 were obtained with high negative binding energies. Drug-likeness was assessed from the ADME properties. Cytotoxicity of the test compounds was measured against HeLa and HUH-7 tumor cells and NIH/3T3 normal cells by MTT assay. Compound 5h showed higher growth inhibition activity than the positive control, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), against both HeLa and HUH-7 cells with IC50 values of 4.5 and 7.7 μM respectively. Interestingly, the compounds 5a-r did not show any cytotoxicity towards the normal cell lines. The results advance the position of substituted triazoles in the area of drug design with no ambiguity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadipolla Naresh Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India; (N.N.R.); (M.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.S.R.); (R.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Sung-Jen Hung
- Department of Dermatology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan;
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
| | - Merugu Kumara Swamy
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India; (N.N.R.); (M.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.S.R.); (R.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Ananthula Sanjeev
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India; (N.N.R.); (M.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.S.R.); (R.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Vankadari Srinivasa Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India; (N.N.R.); (M.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.S.R.); (R.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Rondla Rohini
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India; (N.N.R.); (M.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.S.R.); (R.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Atcha Krishnam Raju
- Department of Chemistry, Nizam College, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500001, India;
| | - Kuthati Bhaskar
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India; (N.N.R.); (M.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.S.R.); (R.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Anren Hu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Puchakayala Muralidhar Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India; (N.N.R.); (M.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.S.R.); (R.R.); (K.B.)
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Yousef RG, Sakr HM, Eissa IH, Mehany ABM, Metwaly AM, Elhendawy MA, Radwan MM, ElSohly MA, Abulkhair HS, El-Adl K. New quinoxaline-2(1 H)-ones as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors: design, synthesis, molecular docking, ADMET profile and anti-proliferative evaluations. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02509k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eleven new quinoxaline derivatives were designed and synthesized as modified VEGFR-2 inhibitors of our previous work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda G. Yousef
- Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Helmy M. Sakr
- Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H. Eissa
- Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed. B. M. Mehany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Metwaly
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A. Elhendawy
- Department of Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mohamed M. Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Hamada S. Abulkhair
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University – Egypt, International Costal Road, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Khaled. El-Adl
- Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
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He ZX, Gong YP, Zhang X, Ma LY, Zhao W. Pyridazine as a privileged structure: An updated review on anticancer activity of pyridazine containing bioactive molecules. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 209:112946. [PMID: 33129590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Identification of potent anticancer agents with high selectivity and low toxicity remains on the way to human health. Pyridazine featuring advantageous physicochemical properties and antitumor potential usually is regarded as a central core in numerous anticancer derivatives. There are several approved pyridazine-based drugs in the market and analogues currently going through different clinical phases or registration statuses, suggesting pyridazine as a promising drug-like scaffold. The current review is intended to provide a comprehensive and updated overview of pyridazine derivatives as potential anticancer agents. In particular, we focused on their structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, design strategies, binding modes and biological activities in the hope of offering novel insights for further rational design of more active and less toxic anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Xu He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Yun-Peng Gong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Li-Ying Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Wen Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
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El-Adl K, Ibrahim MK, Khedr F, Abulkhair HS, Eissa IH. N-Substituted-4-phenylphthalazin-1-amine-derived VEGFR-2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, molecular docking, and anticancer evaluation studies. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 354:e2000219. [PMID: 33197080 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In accordance with the significant impetus of the discovery of potent vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) inhibitors, herein, we report the design, synthesis, and anticancer evaluation of 12 new N-substituted-4-phenylphthalazin-1-amine derivatives against HepG2, HCT-116, and MCF-7 cells as VEGFR-2 inhibitors. The results of the cytotoxicity investigation indicated that HCT-116 and MCF-7 were the most sensitive cell lines to the influence of the newly synthesized derivatives. In particular, compound 7a was found to be the most potent derivative among all the tested compounds against the three cancer cell lines, HepG2, HCT116, and MCF-7, with IC50 = 13.67 ± 1.2, 5.48 ± 0.4, and 7.34 ± 0.6 µM, respectively, which is nearly equipotent to that of sorafenib (IC50 = 9.18 ± 0.6, 5.47 ± 0.3, and 7.26 ± 0.3 µM, respectively). All synthesized derivatives, 4a,b-8a-c, were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against VEGFR-2. The tested compounds displayed high to low inhibitory activity, with IC50 values ranging from 0.14 ± 0.02 to 9.54 ± 0.85 µM. Among them, compound 7a was found to be the most potent derivative that inhibited VEGFR-2 at an IC50 value of 0.14 ± 0.02 µM, which is nearly 72% of that of the sorafenib IC50 value (0.10 ± 0.02 µM). Compounds 7b, 8c, 8b, and 8a exhibited very good activity with IC50 values of 0.18 ± 0.02, 0.21 ± 0.03, 0.24 ± 0.02, and 0.35 ± 0.04 µM, respectively. Molecular modeling studies were carried out for all compounds against the VEGFR-2 active site. The data obtained from biological testing highly correlated with that obtained from molecular modeling studies. However, these modifications led to new phthalazine derivatives with higher VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities than vatalanib and which are nearly equipotent to sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed-Kamal Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Khedr
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamada S Abulkhair
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zaib S, Khan I. Synthetic and medicinal chemistry of phthalazines: Recent developments, opportunities and challenges. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104425. [PMID: 33157344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fused diaza-heterocycles constitute the core structure of numerous bioactive natural products and effective therapeutic drugs. Among them, phthalazines have been recognized as remarkable structural leads in medicinal chemistry due to their wide application in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Accessing such challenging pharmaceutical agents/drug candidates with high chemical complexity through synthetically efficient approaches remains an attractive goal in the contemporary medicinal chemistry and drug discovery arena. In this review, we focus on the recent developments in the synthetic routes towards the generation of phthalazine-based active pharmaceutical ingredients and their biological potential against various targets. The general reaction scope of these innovative and easily accessible strategies was emphasized focusing on the functional group tolerance, substrate and coupling partner compatibility/limitation, the choice of catalyst, and product diversification. These processes were also accompanied by the mechanistic insights where deemed appropriate to demonstrate meaningful information. Moreover, the rapid examination of the structure-activity relationship analyses around the phthalazine core enabled by the pharmacophore replacement/integration revealed the generation of robust, efficient, and more selective compounds with pronounced biological effects. A large variety of in silico methods and ADME profiling tools were also employed to provide a global appraisal of the pharmacokinetics profile of diaza-heterocycles. Thus, the discovery of new structural leads offers the promise of improving treatments for various tropical diseases such as tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, malaria, Chagas disease, among many others including various cancers, atherosclerosis, HIV, inflammatory, and cardiovascular diseases. We hope this review would serve as an informative collection of structurally diverse molecules enabling the generation of mature, high-quality, and innovative routes to support the drug discovery endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
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Mahmoud HK, Farghaly TA, Abdulwahab HG, Al-Qurashi NT, Shaaban MR. Novel 2-indolinone thiazole hybrids as sunitinib analogues: Design, synthesis, and potent VEGFR-2 inhibition with potential anti-renal cancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112752. [PMID: 32947227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Novel 2-indolinone thiazole hybrids were designed and synthesized as VEGFR-2 inhibitors based on sunitinib, an FDA-approved anticancer drug. The proposed structures of the prepared 2-indolinone thiazole hybrids were confirmed based on their spectral data and CHN analyses. The target compounds were screened in vitro for their anti-VEGFR-2 activity. All tested compounds exhibited a potent submicromolar inhibition of VEGFR-2 kinase with IC50 values ranging from 0.067 to 0.422 μM, relative to sunitinib reference drug (IC50 = 0.075 ± 0.002 μM). Compounds 5, 15a, 15b, 17, 19c displayed excellent VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity, comparable or nearly equipotent to sunitinib. Compound 13b stood out as the most potent against VEGFR-2 showing IC50 value of 0.067 ± 0.002 μM, lower than that of sunitinib. In addition, the most potent derivatives were assessed for their anticancer activity against two renal cancer cell lines. Compound 13b (IC50 = 3.9 ± 0.13 μM) was more potent than sunitinib (IC50 = 4.93 ± 0.16 μM) against CAKI-1 cell line. Moreover, thiazole 15b displayed excellent anticancer activity against CAKI-1 cell line (IC50 = 3.31 ± 0.11 μM), superior to that of sunitinib (IC50 = 4.93 ± 0.16 μM). Thiazole 15b was also equipotent to sunitinib (IC50 = 1.23 ± 0.04 μM) against A498 cell line. Besides, compound 15b revealed a safety profile much better than that of sunitinib against normal human renal cells. Furthermore, a docking study revealed a proper fitting of the most active compounds into the ATP binding site of VEGFR-2, rationalizing their potent anti-VEGFR-2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda K Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Thoraya A Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Almukkarramah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hanan G Abdulwahab
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia T Al-Qurashi
- Department of Basic Science, University College in Adam, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Almukkarramah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed R Shaaban
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Almukkarramah, Saudi Arabia
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39
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Singh J, Suryan A, Kumar S, Sharma S. Phthalazinone Scaffold: Emerging Tool in the Development of Target Based Novel Anticancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:2228-2245. [PMID: 32767957 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200807220146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phthalazinones are important nitrogen-rich heterocyclic compounds which have been a topic of considerable medicinal interest because of their diversified pharmacological activities. This versatile scaffold forms a common structural feature for many bioactive compounds, which leads to the design and development of novel anticancer drugs with fruitful results. The current review article discusses the progressive development of novel phthalazinone analogues that are targets for various receptors such as PARP, EGFR, VEGFR-2, Aurora kinase, Proteasome, Hedgehog pathway, DNA topoisomerase and P-glycoprotein. It describes mechanistic insights into the anticancer properties of phthalazinone derivatives and also highlights various simple and economical techniques for the synthesis of phthalazinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Singh
- Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Landran, Punjab, India
| | - Amruta Suryan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Shweta Sharma
- Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Landran, Punjab, India
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40
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Romero AH, Sojo F, Arvelo F, Calderón C, Morales A, López SE. Anticancer potential of new 3-nitroaryl-6-(N-methyl)piperazin-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines targeting voltage-gated K + channel: Copper-catalyzed one-pot synthesis from 4-chloro-1-phthalazinyl-arylhydrazones. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:104031. [PMID: 32629281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of six 3-aryl-6-(N-methylpiperazin)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines were prepared through a facile and efficient one-pot copper-catalyzed procedure from 4-chloro-1-phthalazinyl-arylhydrazones with relatively good yields (62-83%). The one-pot copper-catalytic procedure consists of two simultaneous reactions: (i) a direct intramolecular dehydrogentaive cyclization between ylidenic carbon and adjacent pyrazine nitrogen to form 1,2,4-triazolo ring and, (ii) a direct N-amination on carbon-chlorine bond. Then, an in vitro anticancer evaluation was performed for the synthesized compounds against five selected human cancer cells (A549, MCF-7, SKBr3, PC-3 and HeLa). The nitro-derivatives were significantly more active against cancer strains than against the rest of tested compounds. Specifically, compound 8d was identified as the most promising anticancer agent with significant biological responses and low relative toxicities on human dermis fibroblast. The cytotoxic effect of compound 8d was more significant on PC3, MCF-7 and SKBr3 cancer cells with low-micromolar IC50 value ranging from 0.11 to 0.59 μM, superior to Adriamycin drug. Mechanistic experimental and theoretical studies demonstrated that compounds 8d act as a K+ channel inhibitor in cancer models. Further molecular docking studies suggest that the EGFR Tyrosine Kinase enzyme may be a potential target for the most active 3-aryl-6-(N-methylpiperazin)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel H Romero
- Cátedra de Química General, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Los Chaguaramos, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela.
| | - Felipe Sojo
- Fundación Institutos de Estudios Avanzados-IDEA, Área Salud, Venezuela; Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos y Biología de Tumores, Instituto de Biología Experimental-IBE, Facultad de Ciencias-UCV, Bello Monte, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Francisco Arvelo
- Fundación Institutos de Estudios Avanzados-IDEA, Área Salud, Venezuela; Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos y Biología de Tumores, Instituto de Biología Experimental-IBE, Facultad de Ciencias-UCV, Bello Monte, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Christian Calderón
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biofísica, Centro de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biología Experimental-IBE, Facultad de Ciencias, UCV, Bello Monte, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Alvaro Morales
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Clínica Santa María, Cevalfes, Valencia, Venezuela
| | - Simón E López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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Abdel-Mohsen HT, Abd El-Meguid EA, El Kerdawy AM, Mahmoud AEE, Ali MM. Design, synthesis, and molecular docking of novel 2-arylbenzothiazole multiangiokinase inhibitors targeting breast cancer. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e1900340. [PMID: 32045054 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 2-arylbenzothiazoles 9, 10, and 12 were designed and synthesized as VEGFR-2/FGFR-1/PDGFR-β multiangiokinase inhibitors targeting breast cancer. Structural elongation of the known 2-phenylbenzothiazole scaffold (type I protein kinase inhibitor [PKI]), was carried out to afford series of type II PKIs 9, 10, and 12. Compounds 9d, 9f, 9i, and 9k exhibited potent multikinase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.19, 0.18, 0.17, and 0.13 μM, respectively, against VEGFR-2; IC50 values of 0.28, 0.37, 0.19, and 0.27 μM, respectively, against FGFR-1; and IC50 values of 0.07, 0.04, 0.08, and 0.14 μM, respectively, against PDGFR-β. Moreover, the synthesized benzothiazoles demonstrated promising cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 cell line. The most potent benzothiazoles 9d and 9i exhibited IC50 values of 7.83 and 6.58 μM, respectively, on the MCF-7 cell line in comparison to sorafenib (III), which showed IC50 = 4.33 μM. Additionally, 9d and 9i showed VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity in MCF-7 cells of 81% and 83% when compared with sorafenib (III), which showed 88% inhibition. Molecular docking of the designed compounds in the VEGFR-2 and FGFR-1 active sites showed the accommodation of the 2-phenylbenzothiazole moiety, as reported, in the hinge region of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-binding site, while the amide moiety is involved in hydrogen bond interactions with the key amino acids in the gate area; this in turn directs the aryl group to the hydrophobic allosteric back pocket of the RTKs in a type II-like binding mode. The synthesized benzothiazoles showed satisfactory ADME properties for further optimization in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba T Abdel-Mohsen
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman A Abd El-Meguid
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Giza University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer E E Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh M Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Targeting Receptor Tyrosine Kinase VEGFR-2 in Hepatocellular Cancer: Rational Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,2-Disubstituted Benzimidazoles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040770. [PMID: 32053964 PMCID: PMC7071059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel series of 1,2-disubstituted benzo[d]imidazoles was rationally designed as VEGFR-2 inhibitors targeting hepatocellular carcinoma. Our design strategy is two-fold; it aimed first at studying the effect of replacing the 5-methylfuryl moiety of the well-known antiangiogenic 2-furylbenzimidazoles with an isopropyl moiety on the VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity and the cytotoxic activity. Our second objective was to further optimize the structures of the benzimidazole derivatives through elongation of the side chains at their one-position for the design of more potent type II-like VEGFR-2 inhibitors. The designed 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles demonstrated potent cytotoxic activity against the HepG2 cell line, reaching IC50 = 1.98 μM in comparison to sorafenib (IC50 = 10.99 μM). In addition, the synthesized compounds revealed promising VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity in the HepG2 cell line, e.g., compounds 17a and 6 showed 82% and 80% inhibition, respectively, in comparison to sorafenib (% inhibition = 92%). Studying the effect of 17a on the HepG2 cell cycle demonstrated that 17a arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and induced a dose-dependent apoptotic effect. Molecular docking studies of the synthesized 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles in the VEGFR-2 active site displayed their ability to accomplish the essential hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions for optimum inhibitory activity.
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El-Helby AGA, Sakr H, Eissa IH, Al-Karmalawy AA, El-Adl K. Benzoxazole/benzothiazole-derived VEGFR-2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, molecular docking, and anticancer evaluations. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1900178. [PMID: 31596514 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of benzoxazole/benzothiazole derivatives 4a-c-11a-e were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for anticancer activity against HepG2, HCT-116, and MCF-7 cells. HCT-116 was the most sensitive cell line to the influence of the new derivatives. In particular, compound 4c was found to be the most potent derivative against HepG2, HCT-116, and MCF-7 cells, with IC50 values = 9.45 ± 0.8, 5.76 ± 0.4, and 7.36 ± 0.5 µM, respectively. Compounds 4b, 9f, and 9c showed the highest anticancer activities against HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 9.97 ± 0.8, 9.99 ± 0.8, and 11.02 ± 1.0 µM, respectively, HCT-116 cells with IC50 values of 6.99 ± 0.5, 7.44 ± 0.4, and 8.15 ± 0.8 µM, respectively, and MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 7.89 ± 0.7, 8.24 ± 0.7, and 9.32 ± 0.7 µM, respectively, in comparison with sorafenib as reference drug with IC50 values of 9.18 ± 0.6, 5.47 ± 0.3, and 7.26 ± 0.3 µM, respectively. The most active compounds 4a-c, 9b,c,e,f,h, and 11c,e were further evaluated for their VEGFR-2 inhibition. Compounds 4c and 4b potently inhibited VEGFR-2 at IC50 values of 0.12 ± 0.01 and 0.13 ± 0.02 µM, respectively, which are nearly equipotent to the sorafenib IC50 value (0.10 ± 0.02 µM). Furthermore, molecular docking studies were performed for all synthesized compounds to assess their binding pattern and affinity toward the VEGFR-2 active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Ghany A El-Helby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Helmy Sakr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled El-Adl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
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Eldehna WM, Hassan GS, Al-Rashood ST, Al-Warhi T, Altyar AE, Alkahtani HM, Almehizia AA, Abdel-Aziz HA. Synthesis and in vitro anticancer activity of certain novel 1-(2-methyl-6-arylpyridin-3-yl)-3-phenylureas as apoptosis-inducing agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:322-332. [PMID: 30722708 PMCID: PMC6366416 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1547286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In connection with our research program on the development of novel anticancer candidates, herein we report the design and synthesis of novel series of 1-(2-methyl-6-arylpyridin-3-yl)-3-phenylureas 5a-l. The target pyridins were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against two cancer cell lines: non-small cell lung cancer A549 cell line and colon cancer HCT-116 cell line. Compound 5l emerged as the most active congener towards both A549 and HCT-116 cell lines with IC50 values equal to 3.22 ± 0.2 and 2.71 ± 0.16 µM, respectively, which are comparable to those of Doxorubicin; 2.93 ± 0.28 and 3.10 ± 0.22, respectively. Furthermore, compound 5l stood out as the most potent pyridine derivative (mean % GI = 40), at US-NCI Developmental Therapeutic Program anticancer assay, with broad-spectrum antitumor activity against the most tested cancer cell lines from all subpanels. Compound 5l was able to provoke apoptosis in HCT-116 cells as evidenced by the decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, and the enhanced expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins levels; Bax, cytochrome C, p53, caspase-3 and caspase-9. Moreover, 5l disrupted the HCT-116 cell cycle via alteration of the Sub-G1 phase and arresting the G2-M stage. Also, 5l showed a significant increase in the percent of annexinV-FITC positive apoptotic cells from 1.99 to 15.76%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ghada S. Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sara T. Al-Rashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E. Altyar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad M. Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Almehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A. Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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Makar S, Saha T, Swetha R, Gutti G, Kumar A, Singh SK. Rational approaches of drug design for the development of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), implicated in breast cancer. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103380. [PMID: 31757413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery and development have gained momentum due to the rational drug design by engaging computational tools and bioinformatics methodologies. Bioisosteric replacements and hybrid molecular approaches are the other inventive processes, used by medicinal chemists for the desired modifications of leads for clinical drug candidates. SERMs, ought to produce inhibitory activity in breast, uterus and agonist activity in other tissues, are beneficial for estrogen-like actions. ER subtypes α and β are hormone dependent modulators of intracellular signaling and gene expression, and development of ER selective ligands could be an effective approach for treatment of breast cancer. This report has critically investigated the possible designing considerations of SERMs, their in silico interactions, and potent pharmacophore generation approaches viz. indole, restricted benzothiophene [3, 2-b] indole, carborane, xanthendione, combretastatin A-4, organometallic heterocycles, OBHS-SAHA hybrids, benzopyranones, tetrahydroisoquinolines, Dig G derivatives and their specifications in drug design and development, to rationally improve the understanding in drug discovery. This also includes various strategies for the development of dual inhibitors for the management of antiestrogenic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Makar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Tanmay Saha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Rayala Swetha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Gopichand Gutti
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Sushil K Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India.
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Synthesis and biological activity of structurally diverse phthalazine derivatives: A systematic review. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3979-3997. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR-2)/KDR Inhibitors: Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2019.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Rampogu S, Baek A, Park C, Son M, Parate S, Parameswaran S, Park Y, Shaik B, Kim JH, Park SJ, Lee KW. Discovery of Small Molecules that Target Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 Signalling Pathway Employing Molecular Modelling Studies. Cells 2019; 8:E269. [PMID: 30901950 PMCID: PMC6468367 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels and is a key phenomenon manifested in a host of cancers during which tyrosine kinases play a crucial role. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) is pivotal in cancer angiogenesis, which warrants the urgency of discovering new anti-angiogenic inhibitors that target the signalling pathways. To obtain this objective, a structure-based pharmacophore model was built from the drug target VEGFR-2 (PDB code: 4AG8), complexed with axitinib and was subsequently validated and employed as a 3D query to retrieve the candidate compounds with the key inhibitory features. The model was escalated to molecular docking studies resulting in seven candidate compounds. The molecular docking studies revealed that the seven compounds displayed a higher dock score than the reference-cocrystallised compound. The GROningen MAchine for Chemical Simulations (GROMACS) package guided molecular dynamics (MD) results determined their binding mode and affirmed stable root mean square deviation. Furthermore, these compounds have preserved their key interactions with the residues Glu885, Glu917, Cys919 and Asp1046. The obtained findings deem that the seven compounds could act as novel anti-angiogenic inhibitors and may further assist as the prototype in designing and developing new inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailima Rampogu
- Division of Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.R.); (A.B.); (C.P.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Ayoung Baek
- Division of Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.R.); (A.B.); (C.P.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Chanin Park
- Division of Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.R.); (A.B.); (C.P.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Minky Son
- Division of Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.R.); (A.B.); (C.P.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Shraddha Parate
- Division of Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.R.); (A.B.); (C.P.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Saravanan Parameswaran
- Division of Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.R.); (A.B.); (C.P.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Yohan Park
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Korea;
| | - Baji Shaik
- Department of Chemistry (BK 21 plus), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Korea; (B.S.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Ju Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry (BK 21 plus), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Korea; (B.S.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Seok Ju Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Gyeongnam 47392, Korea
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.R.); (A.B.); (C.P.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (S.P.)
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Chang SM, Jain V, Chen TL, Patel AS, Pidugu HB, Lin YW, Wu MH, Huang JR, Wu HC, Shah A, Su TL, Lee TC. Design and Synthesis of 1,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolo[2,1-a]phthalazine Hybrids as Potent Anticancer Agents that Inhibit Angiogenesis and Induce DNA Interstrand Cross-links. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2404-2418. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anamik Shah
- Center of Excellence in Drug Discovery, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, India
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One-pot synthesis of spiro(indoline-3,4'-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine)-5'-carbonitriles as p53-MDM2 interaction inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:2771-2789. [PMID: 30526032 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Inhibition of P53-mdm2 interaction will lead to cancer cell apoptosis. This strategy was achieved by reported spiro-oxindole derivatives. MATERIALS & METHODS Spiro(indoline-3,4'-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine)-5'-carbonitrile derivatives (4a-i and 9a, b) were synthesized and screened for their in vitro anticancer activity. The most active compounds were subjected to P53-MDM2 inhibitory activity, apoptotic and molecular docking studies. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Compound 4d exhibited potent and broad spectrum of antiproliferative activity with full panel GI50 (MG-MID) value of 3.97 μM. Compounds 4d and 4i inhibited p53-MDM2 protein-protein interaction with IC50 = 52.1 and 95.2 nM, respectively. Compound 4d inhibits the expression of wild p53 in MCF-7 more than mutant p53 in MDA-MB231 at the molecular level. Molecular docking studies illustrated the possible interaction of the target spiro-oxindoles with the p53 binding site on MDM2.
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