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Zheng W, Dai X, Xu B, Tian W, Shi J. Discovery and development of Factor Xa inhibitors (2015-2022). Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1105880. [PMID: 36909153 PMCID: PMC9993480 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1105880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
As a pathological coagulation process, thrombus can lead to many serious diseases, including ischemic stroke, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). And anticoagulant drugs are one of the most effective ways to prevent and treat these diseases. Although macromolecular anticoagulant drugs such as low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are widely used in the clinic, their characteristics of requiring injectable use hinder their further promotion in the clinic, and the disadvantages of oral anticoagulant drugs, such as warfarin and dabigatran etexilate, which can easily cause bleeding adverse effects, are also not addressed. Factor Xa (FXa) has gained attention because it lies at the intersection of the coagulation cascade pathways, whereas subsequently introduced Factor Xa inhibitors such as rivaroxaban and apixaban, among others, have gained market popularity because of their high potency for anticoagulation and high specificity for Factor Xa when administered orally. But some of the drawbacks that these Factor Xa inhibitors have simultaneously such as fewer indications and the lack of an effective reversal drug when bleeding occurs are urgently addressed. The development of new Factor Xa inhibitors therefore becomes one means of addressing these questions. This article summarizes the small molecule Factor Xainhibitors developed from 2015 to 2022, classifies them according to their scaffolds, focuses on the analysis of their structure-activity relationships, and provides a brief assessment of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Dai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Binyao Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Operations Management Department, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu Sichuan China School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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2
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Mladentsev DY, Kuznetsova EN, Skvortsova MN, Dashkin RR. Review on Synthetic Approaches toward Rivaroxaban (Xarelto), an Anticoagulant Drug. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Y. Mladentsev
- Mendeleev Engineering Center, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Kuznetsova
- Division of Chemistry and Technology of Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Biomedical Preparations, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Maria N. Skvortsova
- Division of Chemistry and Technology of Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Biomedical Preparations, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Ratmir R. Dashkin
- Division of Chemistry and Technology of Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Biomedical Preparations, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow 125047, Russia
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3
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Liu M, Xu L, Wei Y. Electrochemical utilization of methanol and methanol-d4 as a C1 source to access (deuterated) 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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4
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Li X, Guo T, Feng Q, Bai T, Wu L, Liu Y, Zheng X, Jia J, Pei J, Wu S, Song Y, Zhang Y. Progress of thrombus formation and research on the structure-activity relationship for antithrombotic drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:114035. [PMID: 34902735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Many populations suffer from thrombotic disorders such as stroke, myocardial infarction, unstable angina and thromboembolic disease. Thrombus is one of the major threatening factors to human health and the prevalence of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases induced by thrombus is growing worldwide, even some persons got rare and severe blood clots after receiving the AstraZeneca COVID vaccine unexpectedly. In terms of mechanism of thrombosis, antithrombotic drugs have been divided into three categories including anticoagulants, platelet inhibitors and fibrinolytics. Nowadays, a large number of new compounds possessing antithrombotic activities are emerging in an effort to remove the inevitable drawbacks of previously approved drugs such as the high risk of bleeding, a slow onset of action and a narrow therapeutic window. In this review, we describe the causes and mechanisms of thrombus formation firstly, and then summarize these reported active compounds as potential antithrombotic candidates based on their respective mechanism, hoping to promote the development of more effective bioactive molecules for treating thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoan Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Tiantian Bai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yubo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Jianzhong Jia
- Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Jin Pei
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shaoping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Yiming Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
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5
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Identification of new pyrazolyl piperidine molecules as factor Xa inhibitors: Design, synthesis, in silico, and biological evaluation. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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6
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Salem MS, Al‐Mabrook SAM, El‐Hashash MAEM. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of some novel quinazolin‐4(
3
H
)‐one derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Sayed Salem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Selima Ali Mohamed Al‐Mabrook
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science, El‐Margeb University Al Khums Libya
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7
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Mou J, Chen N, Zhao Y, Qi H, Meng S, Xiang R, Pei D. An Aqueous Facile Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-One Derivatives by Reverse Zinc Oxide Micelles as Nanoreactor. Front Chem 2020; 8:239. [PMID: 32391312 PMCID: PMC7193868 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A green synthetic protocol has been developed for the efficient preparation of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin−4(1H)-one derivatives with excellent yield in aqueous media. Reverse zinc oxide micelles catalyzed the reactions efficiently and selectively as the hallow nanoreactor. Moreover, the catalyst was reusable without significant loss of catalytic efficiency. The notable advantages of the procedure are high yields and mild reaction conditions, simple operation, nonchromatographic purification, environmentally friendly and good versatile substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New drug and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ninghai Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New drug and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hao Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Sihan Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rui Xiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New drug and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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8
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Chernyshov VV, Gatilov YV, Yarovaya OI, Koskin IP, Yarovoy SS, Brylev KA, Salakhutdinov NF. The first example of the stereoselective synthesis and crystal structure of a spirobicycloquinazolinone based on (-)-fenchone and anthranilamide. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2019; 75:1675-1680. [PMID: 31802758 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229619015766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of a single-stage solvent-free stereoselective synthesis of a spirocyclic compound from the natural bicyclic monoterpenoid (-)-fenchone and anthranilamide has been shown for the first time. The molecular and crystal structure of (1R,2S,4S)-1,3,3-trimethyl-1'H-spiro[bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,2'-quinazolin]-4'(3'H)-one, C17H22N2O, was established by X-ray diffraction though the chirality was assumed via the known reactant connectivity and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. It has shown that in the molecule, for steric reasons, there is an elongation of the Me2C-C(N)N bond to 1.603 (5) Å. The formation of dimers via N-H...O=C hydrogen bonds with an interaction energy of 93.30 kJ mol-1 and through cavities (33.7% of the unit-cell volume) was established in the packing of the molecules. There are no π-stacking interactions in the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Chernyshov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 9 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri V Gatilov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 9 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Olga I Yarovaya
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 9 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Igor P Koskin
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 9 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Spartak S Yarovoy
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A Brylev
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nariman F Salakhutdinov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 9 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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9
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Kabankin AS, Sinauridze EI, Lipets EN, Ataullakhanov FI. Computer Design of Low-Molecular-Weight Inhibitors of Coagulation Factors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:119-136. [PMID: 31216971 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The review discusses main approaches to searching for new low-molecular-weight inhibitors of coagulation factors IIa, Xa, IXa, and XIa and the results of such studies conducted from 2015 to 2018. For each of these factors, several inhibitors with IC50 < 10 nM have been found, some of which are now tested in clinical trials. However, none of the identified inhibitors meets the requirements for an "ideal" anticoagulant, so further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kabankin
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - E I Sinauridze
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - E N Lipets
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - F I Ataullakhanov
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, 117997, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
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10
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Zhang X, Li Z, Ding Q, Li X, Fan X, Zhang G. Alkylamino-Directed One-Pot Reaction of N
-Alkyl Anilines with CO, Amines and Aldehydes Leading to 2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H
)-ones. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang 453007 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang 453007 People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Ding
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang 453007 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochuan Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang 453007 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang 453007 People's Republic of China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang 453007 People's Republic of China
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11
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Wang HX, Liu HY, Li W, Zhang S, Wu Z, Li X, Li CW, Liu YM, Chen BQ. Design, synthesis, antiproliferative and antibacterial evaluation of quinazolinone derivatives. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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12
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Xing J, Yang L, Zhou J, Zhang H. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of anthranilamide derivatives as potential factor Xa (fXa) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5987-5999. [PMID: 30446438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Factor Xa (fXa) is a crucial player in various thromboembolic disorders. Inhibition of fXa can provide safe and effective antithrombotic effects. In this study, a series of anthranilamide compounds were designed by utilizing structure-based design strategies. Optimization at P1 and P4 groups led to the discovery of compound 16g: a highly potent, selective fXa inhibitor with pronounced in vitro anticoagulant activity. Moreover, 16g also displayed excellent in vivo antithrombotic activity in the rat venous thrombosis (VT) and arteriovenous shunt (AV-SHUNT) models. The bleeding risk evaluation showed that 16g had a safer profile than that of betrixaban at 1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg dose. Additionally, 16g also exhibited satisfactory PK profiles. Eventually, 16g was selected to investigate its effect on hypoxia-reoxygenation- induced H9C2 cell viability. MTT results showed that H9C2 cell viability can be remarkably alleviated by 16g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Xing
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Lingyun Yang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jinpei Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, TongjiaXiang 24, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Huibin Zhang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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13
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Rao P, Burkart T. Advances in oral anticoagulation therapy – What's in the pipeline? Blood Rev 2017; 31:205-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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14
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Xiong L, Qi Z, Zheng B, Li Z, Wang F, Liu J, Li P. Inhibitory Effect of Triterpenoids from Panax ginseng on Coagulation Factor X. Molecules 2017; 22:E649. [PMID: 28441767 PMCID: PMC6154706 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes involved in the coagulation process have received great attention as potential targets for the development of oral anti-coagulants. Among these enzymes, coagulation factor Xa (FXa) has remained the center of attention in the last decade. In this study, 16 ginsenosides and two sapogenins were isolated, identified and quantified. To determine the inhibitory potential on FXa, the chromogenic substrates method was used. The assay suggested that compounds 5, 13 and 18 were mainly responsible for the anti-coagulant effect. Furthermore, these three compounds also possessed high thrombin selectivity in the thrombin inhibition assay. Furthermore, Glide XP from Schrödinger was employed for molecular docking to clarify the interaction between the bioactive compounds and FXa. Therefore, the chemical and biological results indicate that compounds 5 (ginsenoside Rg2), 13 (ginsenoside Rg3) and 18 (protopanaxtriol, PPT) are potential natural inhibitors against FXa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxin Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Innovative Drugs Development, Western Chaoyang Road 45, Changchun 130021, China.
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zeng Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Innovative Drugs Development, Western Chaoyang Road 45, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Bingzhen Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Innovative Drugs Development, Western Chaoyang Road 45, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Innovative Drugs Development, Western Chaoyang Road 45, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Innovative Drugs Development, Western Chaoyang Road 45, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Pingya Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Innovative Drugs Development, Western Chaoyang Road 45, Changchun 130021, China.
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