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Hung CS, Lee KL, Huang WJ, Su FH, Liang YC. Pan-Inhibition of Protein Disulfide Isomerase Caused Cell Death through Disrupting Cellular Proteostasis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16467. [PMID: 38003657 PMCID: PMC10671009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family is a group of thioredoxin endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident enzymes and molecular chaperones that play crucial roles in the correct folding of proteins. PDIs are upregulated in multiple cancer types and are considered a novel target for cancer therapy. In this study, we found that a potent pan-PDI inhibitor, E64FC26, significantly decreased the proliferation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. As expected, E64FC26 treatment increased ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR), as evidenced by upregulation of glucose-regulated protein, 78-kDa (GRP78), phosphorylated (p)-PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), and p-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). Persistent ER stress was found to lead to apoptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy, all of which are dependent on lysosomal functions. First, there was little cleaved caspase-3 in E64FC26-treated cells according to Western blotting, but a higher dose of E64FC26 was needed to induce caspase activity. Then, E64FC26-induced cell death could be reversed by adding the iron chelator, deferoxamine, and the reactive oxygen species scavengers, ferrostatin-1 and N-acetylcysteine. Furthermore, the autophagosome-specific marker, light chain 3B (LC3B)-II, increased, but the autolysosome marker, sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1)/p62, was not degraded in E64FC26-treated cells. Using the FUW mCherry-LC3 plasmid and acridine orange staining, we also discovered a lower number of acidic vesicles, such as autolysosomes and mature lysosomes, in E64FC26-treated cells. Finally, E64FC26 treatment increased the cathepsin L precursor (pre-CTSL) but decreased mature CTSL expression according to Western blotting, indicating a defective lysosome. These results suggested that the PDI inhibitor, E64FC26, might initially impede proper folding of proteins, and then induce ER stress and disrupt proteostasis, subsequently leading to lysosomal defects. Due to defective lysosomes, the extents of apoptosis and ferroptosis were limited, and fusion with autophagosomes was blocked in E64FC26-treated cells. Blockade of autolysosomal formation further led to the autophagic cell death of PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Sheng Hung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan;
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Kun-Lin Lee
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Fang-He Su
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chih Liang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Feng D, Li L, Li D, Wu R, Zhu W, Wang J, Ye L, Han P. Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta (P4HB) could serve as a prognostic and radiosensitivity biomarker for prostate cancer patients. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:245. [PMID: 37480146 PMCID: PMC10362756 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta (P4HB) has been reported as a suppressor in ferroptosis. However, no known empirical research has focused on exploring relationships between P4HB and prostate cancer (PCa). In this research, we initially examine the function of P4HB in PCa by thorough analysis of numerous databases and proliferation experiment. METHODS We analyzed the correlations of P4HB expression with prognosis, clinical features, mutation genes, tumor heterogeneity, stemness, tumor immune microenvironment and PCa cells using multiple databases and in vitro experiment with R 3.6.3 software and its suitable packages. RESULTS P4HB was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues and was closely related to biochemical recurrence-free survival. In terms of clinical correlations, we found that higher P4HB expression was significantly related to older age, higher Gleason score, advanced T stage and residual tumor. Surprisingly, P4HB had highly diagnostic accuracy of radiotherapy resistance (AUC 0.938). TGF beta signaling pathway and dorso ventral axis formation were upregulated in the group of low-expression P4HB. For tumor stemness, P4HB expression was positively related to EREG.EXPss and RNAss, but was negatively associated with ENHss and DNAss with statistical significance. For tumor heterogeneity, P4HB expression was positively related to MATH, but was negatively associated with tumor ploidy and microsatellite instability. For the overall assessment of TME, we observed that P4HB expression was negatively associated with all parameters, including B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, stromal score, immune score and ESTIMATE score. Spearman analysis showed that P4HB expression was negatively related to TIDE score with statistical significance. In vitro experiment, RT-qPCR and western blot showed that three siRNAs of P4HB were effective on the knockdown of P4HB expression. Furthermore, we observed that the downregulation of P4HB had significant influence on the cell proliferation of six PCa cell lines, including LNCap, C4-2, C4-2B, PC3, DU145 and 22RV1 cells. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that P4HB might serve as a prognostic biomarker and predict radiotherapy resistance for PCa patients. Downregulation of P4HB expression could inhibit the cell proliferation of PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Dengxiong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruicheng Wu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Weizhen Zhu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Luxia Ye
- Department of Public Research Platform, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
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Lan H, Tong Z, Jiao Y, Han H, Ma Y, Li Y, Jia X, Hu B, Zhang W, Zhong M, Wang Z. Deep Vein Thrombosis Is Facilitated by Endothelial-Derived Extracellular Vesicles via the PDI-GRP94-GPIIb/IIIa Pathway in Mice. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4265. [PMID: 37445300 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a prevalent cardiovascular condition. Endothelial-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play a crucial role in platelet-dependent DVT development via platelet activation, but the mechanism is not clear yet. This research aims to understand how platelets and endothelial-derived EVs work in DVT. METHODS The interaction between protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) was founded by molecular docking. Inferior vena cava stasis-induced mice received PDI and GRP94 inhibitor treatments. Platelet activation, endothelial-derived EVs, and PDI were measured using flow cytometry. The expression of PDI and dimetric GRP94 in platelets co-cultured with hypoxic endothelial cells was confirmed by Western blot or native PAGE. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay shows conformational changes in GPIIb/IIIa on platelet surfaces. A tracking experiment was performed using PKH26, which labelled endothelial-derived EVs, and the endocytosis of EVs by platelets was tracked by confocal microscope. RESULTS In a DVT mouse model, platelets enhance venous thrombus formation in a coagulation-independent manner, instead, platelet activation and the length of the thrombus are related to PDI and GRP94 activity. Next, we found that the expression level of endothelial-derived EVs carrying PDI is significantly increased in plasma. Endothelial-derived EVs carrying PDI are endocytosed by platelets, in which the content of GRP94 dimer is elevated, and consequently increases the expression of surface GPIIb/IIIa. In addition, PDI allosterically interacts with GPIIb/IIIa, which is re-configurated into an activated form. CONCLUSION Endothelial-derived EVs carrying PDI induce DVT via interplay with GRP94 and GPIIb/IIIa in platelets. These findings emphasize the significance of platelets in DVT formation, and PDI may be a suitable target in DVT prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Lan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhoujie Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yaqiong Jiao
- Department of General Practice, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Haitao Han
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xu Jia
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Boang Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Yue X, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Meng T, Zhao Y, Guo W. Synthesis of a versatile 1 H-indene-3-carboxylate scaffold enabled by visible-light promoted Wolff rearrangement of 1-diazonaphthalen-2(1 H)-ones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6363-6366. [PMID: 37140082 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01093g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have developed a sequential visible-light-promoted Wolff rearrangement of 1-diazonaphthalen-2(1H)-ones, followed by capturing the in situ generated ketene intermediates with various alcohols, producing diverse 1H-indene-3-carboxylates in moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions. The broad substrate scope, high functional group tolerance, and robust conditions make the resulting derivative a versatile platform for the synthesis of plenty of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yue
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 21364, China.
| | - Ying Zhou
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 21364, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 21364, China.
| | - Tengfei Meng
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 21364, China.
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 21364, China.
| | - Wengang Guo
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 21364, China.
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Jiang H, Thapa P, Hao Y, Ding N, Alshahrani A, Wei Q. Protein Disulfide Isomerases Function as the Missing Link Between Diabetes and Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:1191-1205. [PMID: 36000195 PMCID: PMC9805878 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Diabetes has long been recognized as an independent risk factor for cancer, but there is insufficient mechanistic understanding of biological mediators that bridge two disorders together. Understanding the pathogenic association between diabetes and cancer has become the focus of many studies, and findings are potentially valuable for the development of effective preventive or therapeutic strategies for both disorders. Recent Advances: A summary of literature reveals a possible connection between diabetes and cancer through the family of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). Historical as well as the most recent findings on the structure, biochemistry, and biology of the PDI family were summarized in this review. Critical Issues: PDIs in general function as redox enzymes and protein chaperones to control the quality of proteins by correcting or otherwise eliminating misfolded proteins in conditions of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, respectively. However, individual members of the PDI family may contribute uniquely to the pathogenesis of diabetes and cancer. Studies of exemplary members such as protein disulfide isomerase-associated (PDIA) 1, PDIA6, and PDIA15 were reviewed to highlight their contributions in the pathogenesis of diabetes and cancer and how they can be potential links bridging the two disorders through the cross talk of signaling pathways. Future Directions: Apparently ubiquitous presence of the PDIs creates difficulties and challenges for scientific community to develop targeted therapeutics for the treatment of diabetes and cancer simultaneously. Understanding molecular contribution of individual PDI in the context of specific disease may provide some insights into the development of mechanism-based target-directed therapeutics. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1191-1205.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Pratik Thapa
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yanning Hao
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Na Ding
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Aziza Alshahrani
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Qiou Wei
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Tao J, Yin L, Wu A, Zhang J, Zhang J, Shi H, Liu S, Niu L, Xu L, Feng Y, Lian S, Li L, Zeng L, Meng X, Zhou X, Liu T, Zhang L. PDIA2 Bridges Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Metabolic Reprogramming During Malignant Transformation of Chronic Colitis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:836087. [PMID: 35860571 PMCID: PMC9289542 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.836087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation contributes to approximately 20% of cancers; the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Here, using an animal model of colitis to colon-cancerous transformation, we demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress couples with metabolic reprogramming to promote a malignant transformation of chronic inflammation. Methods The animal model for chronic colitis to colon-cancerous transformation was established in C57BL/6N mice by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatments. The differential proteins in control and AOM/DSS-treated colon mucosa were determined using proteomic analysis; the kinetics of metabolic modifications were monitored by mitochondrial oxygen flux, extracellular acidification, and targeted metabolomics; the molecule linker between ER stress and metabolic modifications were identified by coimmunoprecipitation, KEGG pathway analysis, and the subcutaneous tumor model using gene-specific knockdown colon cancer cells. Tissue array analysis were used to evaluate the differential protein in cancer and cancer-adjacent tissues. Results AOM/DSS treatment induced 38 tumors in 10 mice at the 14th week with the mean tumor size 9.35 ± 3.87 mm2, which was significantly decreased to 5.85 ± 0.95 mm2 by the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4PBA). Seven differential proteins were determined from control (1,067 ± 48) and AOM/DSS-treated mucosa (1,077 ± 59); the level of ER protein PDIA2 (protein disulfide isomerase-associated 2) was increased over 7-fold in response to AOM/DSS treatment. PDIA2 interacted with 420 proteins that were involved in 8 signaling pathways, in particular with 53 proteins in metabolic pathways. PDIA2 translocated from ER to mitochondria and interacted with the components of complexes I and II to inhibit oxophosphorylation but increase glycolysis. Knockdown PDIA2 in colon cancer cells restored the metabolic imbalance and significantly repressed tumor growth in the xenograft animal model. 4PBA therapy inhibited the AOM/DSS-mediated overexpression of PDIA2 and metabolic modifications and suppressed colon cancer growth. In clinic, PDIA2 was overexpressed in colon cancer tissues rather than cancer-adjacent tissues and was related with the late stages and lymph node metastasis of colon cancer. Conclusions Persistent ER stress reprograms the metabolism to promote the malignant transformation of chronic colitis; PDIA2 serves as a molecule linker between ER stress and metabolic reprogramming. The inhibition of ER stress restores metabolic homeostasis and attenuates the cancerous transformation of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tao
- Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yin
- Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ao Wu
- Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaoli Zhang
- Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingpu Zhang
- Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huichun Shi
- Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- The College of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangfei Niu
- Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xu
- Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shixian Lian
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyan Zeng
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianmin Meng
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Animal Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiefu Liu
- Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lijun Zhang, ; Tiefu Liu,
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lijun Zhang, ; Tiefu Liu,
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Ferreira BV, Carneiro EA, Pestana C, Barahona F, Caetano J, Lopes R, Lúcio P, Neves M, Beck HC, Carvalho AS, Matthiesen R, Costa-Silva B, João C. Patient-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Proteins as New Biomarkers in Multiple Myeloma - A Real-World Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:860849. [PMID: 35800053 PMCID: PMC9254863 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.860849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy of clonal antibody–secreting plasma cells (PCs). MM diagnosis and risk stratification rely on bone marrow (BM) biopsy, an invasive procedure prone to sample bias. Liquid biopsies, such as extracellular vesicles (EV) in peripheral blood (PB), hold promise as new minimally invasive tools. Real-world studies analyzing patient-derived EV proteome are rare. Here, we characterized a small EV protein content from PB and BM samples in a cohort of 102 monoclonal gammopathies patients routinely followed in the clinic and 223 PB and 111 BM samples were included. We investigated whether EV protein and particle concentration could predict an MM patient prognosis. We found that a high EV protein/particle ratio, or EV cargo >0.6 µg/108 particles, is related to poorer survival and immune dysfunction. These results were supported at the protein level by mass spectrometry. We report a set of PB EV-proteins (PDIA3, C4BPA, BTN1A1, and TNFSF13) with a new biomarker potential for myeloma patient outcomes. The high proteomic similarity between PB and BM matched pairs supports the use of circulating EV as a counterpart of the BM EV proteome. Overall, we found that the EV protein content is related to patient outcomes, such as survival, immune dysfunction, and possibly treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Velosa Ferreira
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Hemato-Oncology Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Emilie Arnault Carneiro
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Pestana
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre of Statistics and its Applications, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Barahona
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Caetano
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Hemato-Oncology Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel Lopes
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Lúcio
- Hemato-Oncology Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuel Neves
- Hemato-Oncology Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hans Christian Beck
- Centre for Clinical Proteomics, Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ana Sofia Carvalho
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rune Matthiesen
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno Costa-Silva
- Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Physiology and Cancer Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Bruno Costa-Silva, ; Cristina João,
| | - Cristina João
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Hemato-Oncology Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Bruno Costa-Silva, ; Cristina João,
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8
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Robinson RM, Basar AP, Reyes L, Duncan RM, Li H, Dolloff NG. PDI inhibitor LTI6426 enhances panobinostat efficacy in preclinical models of multiple myeloma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 89:643-653. [PMID: 35381875 PMCID: PMC9054865 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), panobinostat (Pano), is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) for treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Despite regulatory approvals, Pano is used on a limited basis in MM due largely to an unfavorable toxicity profile. The MM treatment landscape continues to evolve, and for Pano to maintain a place in that paradigm it will be necessary to identify treatment regimens that optimize its effectiveness, particularly those that permit dose reductions to eliminate unwanted toxicity. Here, we propose such a regimen by combining Pano with LTI6426, a first-in-class orally bioavailable protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) inhibitor. We show that LTI6426 dramatically enhances the anti-MM activity of Pano in vitro and in vivo using a proteasome inhibitor resistant mouse model of MM and a low dose of Pano that exhibited no signs of toxicity. We go on to characterize a transcriptional program that is induced by the LTI6426/Pano combination, demonstrating a convergence of the two drugs on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway effectors ATF3 (Activating Transcription Factor 3), DDIT3/CHOP (DNA Damage Inducible Transcript 3, a.k.a. C/EBP Homologous Protein), and DNAJB1 (DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 1, a.k.a. HSP40). We conclude that LTI6426 may safely enhance low-dose Pano regimens and that ATF3, DDIT3/CHOP, and DNAJB1 are candidate pharmacodynamic biomarkers of response to this novel treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeder M Robinson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, MSC509, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Ashton P Basar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, MSC509, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Leticia Reyes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, MSC509, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Ravyn M Duncan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, MSC509, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Nathan G Dolloff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, MSC509, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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9
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Maas G, Keim M, Jasarevic M, Miller I. 1,3-Bis(trifluoromethyl)prop-2-ene 1-Iminium Salts: Reactions with Alkoxybenzenes and Anilines. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1681-4823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract1,3-Bis(trifluoromethyl)prop-2-ene 1-iminium triflate salts were prepared for the first time and some synthetic applications as 1,3-biselectrophilic building blocks were established. They were found to react with dimethoxybenzenes or methylene-1,2-dioxybenzenes to furnish vinylogous trifluoroacetylation products (4-aryl-1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoropent-3-en-2-ones) and 1-dialkylamino-1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indenes. With aniline and ring-substituted anilines, 2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolines were formed. An unusual 4H-pyran, formally a condensation product of the N,N-dimethyl-1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)prop-2-en-1-iminium ion and its enaminone precursor, is also reported.
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10
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Hasipek M, Grabowski D, Guan Y, Alugubelli RR, Tiwari AD, Gu X, DeAvila GA, Silva AS, Meads MB, Parker Y, Lindner DJ, Saunthararajah Y, Shain KH, Maciejewski JP, Reu FJ, Phillips JG, Jha BK. Therapeutic Targeting of Protein Disulfide Isomerase PDIA1 in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112649. [PMID: 34071205 PMCID: PMC8198550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a genetically complex hematologic neoplasia in which malignant plasma cells constantly operate at the maximum limit of their unfolded protein response (UPR) due to a high secretory burden of immunoglobulins and cytokines. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein disulfide isomerase, PDIA1 is indispensable for maintaining structural integrity of cysteine-rich antibodies and cytokines that require accurate intramolecular disulfide bond arrangement. PDIA1 expression analysis from RNA-seq of multiple myeloma patients demonstrated an inverse relationship with survival in relapsed or refractory disease, supporting its critical role in myeloma persistence. Using a structure-guided medicinal chemistry approach, we developed a potent, orally bioavailable small molecule PDIA1 inhibitor CCF642-34. The inhibition of PDIA1 overwhelms the UPR in myeloma cells, resulting in their apoptotic cell death at doses that do not affect the normal CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Bortezomib resistance leads to increased PDIA1 expression and thus CCF642-34 sensitivity, suggesting that proteasome inhibitor resistance leads to PDIA1 dependence for proteostasis and survival. CCF642-34 induces acute unresolvable UPR in myeloma cells, and oral treatment increased survival of mice in the syngeneic 5TGM1 model of myeloma. Results support development of CCF642-34 to selectively target the plasma cell program and overcome the treatment-refractory state in myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metis Hasipek
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.H.); (D.G.); (Y.G.); (A.D.T.); (X.G.); (Y.P.); (D.J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.P.M.); (J.G.P.)
| | - Dale Grabowski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.H.); (D.G.); (Y.G.); (A.D.T.); (X.G.); (Y.P.); (D.J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.P.M.); (J.G.P.)
| | - Yihong Guan
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.H.); (D.G.); (Y.G.); (A.D.T.); (X.G.); (Y.P.); (D.J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.P.M.); (J.G.P.)
| | - Raghunandan Reddy Alugubelli
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (R.R.A.); (G.A.D.); (K.H.S.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Anand D. Tiwari
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.H.); (D.G.); (Y.G.); (A.D.T.); (X.G.); (Y.P.); (D.J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.P.M.); (J.G.P.)
| | - Xiaorong Gu
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.H.); (D.G.); (Y.G.); (A.D.T.); (X.G.); (Y.P.); (D.J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.P.M.); (J.G.P.)
| | - Gabriel A. DeAvila
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (R.R.A.); (G.A.D.); (K.H.S.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Ariosto S. Silva
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.S.S.); (M.B.M.)
| | - Mark B. Meads
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.S.S.); (M.B.M.)
| | - Yvonne Parker
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.H.); (D.G.); (Y.G.); (A.D.T.); (X.G.); (Y.P.); (D.J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.P.M.); (J.G.P.)
| | - Daniel J. Lindner
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.H.); (D.G.); (Y.G.); (A.D.T.); (X.G.); (Y.P.); (D.J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.P.M.); (J.G.P.)
| | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.H.); (D.G.); (Y.G.); (A.D.T.); (X.G.); (Y.P.); (D.J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.P.M.); (J.G.P.)
- Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kenneth H. Shain
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (R.R.A.); (G.A.D.); (K.H.S.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.H.); (D.G.); (Y.G.); (A.D.T.); (X.G.); (Y.P.); (D.J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.P.M.); (J.G.P.)
- Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Frederic J. Reu
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (R.R.A.); (G.A.D.); (K.H.S.); (F.J.R.)
| | - James G. Phillips
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.H.); (D.G.); (Y.G.); (A.D.T.); (X.G.); (Y.P.); (D.J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.P.M.); (J.G.P.)
| | - Babal K. Jha
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.H.); (D.G.); (Y.G.); (A.D.T.); (X.G.); (Y.P.); (D.J.L.); (Y.S.); (J.P.M.); (J.G.P.)
- Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-444-6739
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11
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Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism to Induce Myeloma Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102411. [PMID: 34067602 PMCID: PMC8156203 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological disease characterized by the accumulation of clonal malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Over the past two decades, new therapeutic strategies have significantly improved the treatment outcome and patients survival. Nevertheless, most MM patients relapse underlying the need of new therapeutic approaches. Plasma cells are prone to produce large amounts of immunoglobulins causing the production of intracellular ROS. Although adapted to high level of ROS, MM cells die when exposed to drugs increasing ROS production either directly or by inhibiting antioxidant enzymes. In this review, we discuss the efficacy of ROS-generating drugs for inducing MM cell death and counteracting acquired drug resistance specifically toward proteasome inhibitors.
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12
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Duncan RM, Reyes L, Moats K, Robinson RM, Murphy SA, Kaur B, Stessman HAF, Dolloff NG. ATF3 Coordinates Antitumor Synergy between Epigenetic Drugs and Protein Disulfide Isomerase Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3279-3291. [PMID: 32561529 PMCID: PMC7442646 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-4046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are largely ineffective in the treatment of solid tumors. In this study, we describe a new class of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) inhibitors that significantly and synergistically enhance the antitumor activity of HDACi in glioblastoma and pancreatic cancer preclinical models. RNA-sequencing screening coupled with gene silencing studies identified ATF3 as the driver of this antitumor synergy. ATF3 was highly induced by combined PDI and HDACi treatment as a result of increased acetylation of key histone lysine residues (acetylated histone 3 lysine 27 and histone 3 lysine 18) flanking the ATF3 promoter region. These chromatin marks were associated with increased RNA polymerase II recruitment to the ATF3 promoter, a synergistic upregulation of ATF3, and a subsequent apoptotic response in cancer cells. The HSP40/HSP70 family genes DNAJB1 and HSPA6 were found to be critical ATF3-dependent genes that elicited the antitumor response after PDI and HDAC inhibition. In summary, this study presents a synergistic antitumor combination of PDI and HDAC inhibitors and demonstrates a mechanistic and tumor suppressive role of ATF3. Combined treatment with PDI and HDACi offers a dual therapeutic strategy in solid tumors and the opportunity to achieve previously unrealized activity of HDACi in oncology. SIGNIFICANCE: This study uses a first-in-class PDI inhibitor entering clinical development to enhance the effects of epigenetic drugs in some of the deadliest forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravyn M Duncan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Leticia Reyes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Katelyn Moats
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Reeder M Robinson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Sara A Murphy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, Texas
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, Texas
| | - Holly A F Stessman
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Nathan G Dolloff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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13
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Tanaka LY, Oliveira PVS, Laurindo FRM. Peri/Epicellular Thiol Oxidoreductases as Mediators of Extracellular Redox Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:280-307. [PMID: 31910038 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.8012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Supracellular redox networks regulating cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) and organ system architecture merge with structural and functional (catalytic or allosteric) properties of disulfide bonds. This review addresses emerging evidence that exported thiol oxidoreductases (TORs), such as thioredoxin, protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), quiescin sulfhydryl oxidases (QSOX)1, and peroxiredoxins, composing a peri/epicellular (pec)TOR pool, mediate relevant signaling. pecTOR functions depend mainly on kinetic and spatial regulation of thiol-disulfide exchange reactions governed by redox potentials, which are modulated by exported intracellular low-molecular-weight thiols, together conferring signal specificity. Recent Advances: pecTOR redox-modulates several targets including integrins, ECM proteins, surface molecules, and plasma components, although clear-cut documentation of direct effects is lacking in many cases. TOR catalytic pathways, displaying common patterns, culminate in substrate thiol reduction, oxidation, or isomerization. Peroxiredoxins act as redox/peroxide sensors, contrary to PDIs, which are likely substrate-targeted redox modulators. Emerging evidence suggests important pecTOR roles in patho(physio)logical processes, including blood coagulation, vascular remodeling, mechanosensing, endothelial function, immune responses, and inflammation. Critical Issues: Effects of pecPDIs supporting thrombosis/platelet activation have been well documented and reached the clinical arena. Roles of pecPDIA1 in vascular remodeling/mechanosensing are also emerging. Extracellular thioredoxin and pecPDIs redox-regulate immunoinflammation. Routes of TOR externalization remain elusive and appear to involve Golgi-independent routes. pecTORs are particularly accessible drug targets. Future Directions: Further understanding mechanisms of thiol redox reactions and developing assays for assessing pecTOR redox activities remain important research avenues. Also, addressing pecTORs as disease markers and achieving more efficient/specific drugs for pecTOR modulation are major perspectives for diagnostic/therapeutic improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Y Tanaka
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64 (Translational Cardiovascular Biology), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Percillia V S Oliveira
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64 (Translational Cardiovascular Biology), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64 (Translational Cardiovascular Biology), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Johnson BD, Geldenhuys WJ, Hazlehurst LA. The Role of ERO1α in Modulating Cancer Progression and Immune Escape. JOURNAL OF CANCER IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 2:103-115. [PMID: 33615311 PMCID: PMC7894644 DOI: 10.33696/cancerimmunol.2.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin-1 alpha (ERO1α) was originally shown to be an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein undergoing oxidative cycles in concert with protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) to promote proper protein folding and to maintain homeostasis within the ER. ERO1α belongs to the flavoprotein family containing a flavin adenine dinucleotide utilized in transferring of electrons during oxidation-reduction cycles. This family is used to maintain redox potentials and protein homeostasis within the ER. ERO1α's location and function has since been shown to exist beyond the ER. Originally thought to exist solely in the ER, it has since been found to exist in the golgi apparatus, as well as in exosomes purified from patient samples. Besides aiding in protein folding of transmembrane and secretory proteins in conjunction with PDI, ERO1α is also known for formation of de novo disulfide bridges. Public databases, such as the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Protein Atlas, reveal ERO1α as a poor prognostic marker in multiple disease settings. Recent evidence indicates that ERO1α expression in tumor cells is a critical determinant of metastasis. However, the impact of increased ERO1α expression in tumor cells extends into the tumor microenvironment. Secretory proteins requiring ERO1α expression for proper folding have been implicated as being involved in immune escape through promotion of upregulation of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and stimulation of polymorphonuclear myeloid derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC's) via secretion of granulocytic colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Hereby, ERO1α plays a pivotal role in cancer progression and potentially immune escape; making ERO1α an emerging attractive putative target for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Werner J. Geldenhuys
- WVU School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, 25606, USA
- WVU Neuroscience Institute, Morgantown, WV, 25606, USA
| | - Lori A. Hazlehurst
- WVU Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- WVU School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, 25606, USA
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