1
|
Chambers CT, Dol J, Tutelman PR, Langley CL, Parker JA, Cormier BT, Macfarlane GJ, Jones GT, Chapman D, Proudfoot N, Grant A, Marianayagam J. The prevalence of chronic pain in children and adolescents: a systematic review update and meta-analysis. Pain 2024; 165:2215-2234. [PMID: 38743558 PMCID: PMC11404345 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic pain, defined as persistent or recurring pain or pain lasting longer than 3 months, is a common childhood problem. The objective of this study was to conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of chronic pain (ie, overall, headache, abdominal pain, back pain, musculoskeletal pain, multisite/general pain, and other) in children and adolescents. EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched for publications between January 1, 2009, and June 30, 2023. Studies reporting population-based estimates of chronic nondisease related pain prevalence in children or adolescents (age ≤ 19 years) were included. Two independent reviewers screened articles based on a priori protocol. One hundred nineteen studies with a total of 1,043,878 children (52.0% female, mean age 13.4 years [SD 2.4]) were included. Seventy different countries were represented, with the highest number of data points of prevalence estimates coming from Finland and Germany (n = 19 each, 4.3%). The overall prevalence of chronic pain in children and adolescents was 20.8%, with the highest prevalence for headache and musculoskeletal pain (25.7%). Overall, and for all types of pain except for back pain and musculoskeletal pain, there were significant differences in the prevalence between boys and girls, with girls having a higher prevalence of pain. There was high heterogeneity (I 2 99.9%). Overall risk of bias was low to moderate. In summary, approximately 1 in 5 children and adolescents experience chronic pain and prevalence varies by pain type; for most types, there is higher pain prevalence among girls than among boys. Findings echo and expand upon the systematic review conducted in 2011.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine T. Chambers
- Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Justine Dol
- Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health, Halifax, Canada
| | - Perri R. Tutelman
- Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Gary J. Macfarlane
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health (Epidemiology Group), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth T. Jones
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health (Epidemiology Group), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Amy Grant
- Maritime SPOR Support Unit, Halifax, Canada
| | - Justina Marianayagam
- Patient Partner and Resident Physician, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Roman-Juan J, Sánchez-Rodríguez E, Solé E, Castarlenas E, Jensen MP, Miró J. Immigration background as a risk factor of chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain in children and adolescents living in Spain: differences as a function of age. Pain 2024; 165:1372-1379. [PMID: 38189183 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The number of people immigrating from one country to another is increasing worldwide. Research has shown that immigration background is associated with chronic pain (CP) and pain disability in adults. However, research in this issue in children and adolescents has yielded inconsistent results. The aims of this study were to examine (1) the association between immigration background, CP, high-impact chronic pain (HICP) in a community sample of children and adolescents; and (2) the extent these associations differed as a function of sex and age. Participants of this cross-sectional study were 1115 school children and adolescents (mean age = 11.67; 56% girls). Participants were asked to provide sociodemographic information and respond to a survey including measures of pain (location, extension, frequency, intensity, and interference). Results showed that having an immigration background was associated with a greater prevalence of CP (OR = 1.91, p <.001) and HICP (OR = 2.55, p <. 01). Furthermore, the association between immigration background and CP was higher in children (OR = 6.92, p <.001) and younger adolescents (OR = 1.66, p <.05) than in older adolescents. Children and adolescents with an immigration background are at higher risk for having CP -especially younger children- and HICP. More resources should be allocated in the prevention of CP and HICP in children and adolescents with an immigration background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Roman-Juan
- Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain-ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elisabet Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain-ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ester Solé
- Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain-ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elena Castarlenas
- Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain-ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mark P Jensen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jordi Miró
- Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain-ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Opp J, Schürmann M, Jenke A, Job B. Drawing the abdominal pain: A powerful tool to distinguish between organic and functional abdominal pain. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 78:846-852. [PMID: 38385706 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Abdominal pain (AP) in children imposes a large economic burden on the healthcare system. Currently, there are no reliable diagnostic tools to differentiate between organic and functional disorders. We hypothesized from previous research that the analysis of patients' graphic expression of subjective symptoms as well as their interactional behavior adds new ways to differentiate between functional and organic AP. METHODS Conversation analyses of physician-patient-encounters and graphical expression of AP-based pain were performed. RESULTS Twenty-two interactions were recorded and analyzed. Fifteen children were diagnosed with organic AP and seven with functional AP. We found marked differences between children with organic and functional AP. For example, all 15 children with organic AP saw the task of drawing a picture of the pain during the interview as a duty, whereas the seven children with functional AP took this as an opportunity to provide detailed descriptions about the nature of the pain, the circumstances, and how the AP impaired their quality of life. CONCLUSION Analysis of patients' interaction strategies in response to the painting task provides relevant clues as to whether AP is functional or requires further workup for organic causes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Opp
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Oberhausen, Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Mia Schürmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Deutsche Sprache, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Jenke
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Klinikum Kassel, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Kassel, Germany
| | - Barbara Job
- Fakultät für Linguistik und Literaturwissenschaft, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bade S, Lona G, Infanger D, Endes K, Roth R, Faude O, Hanssen H. Prospective associations of physical fitness with spinal flexibility in childhood: implications for primary prevention of non-specific back pain. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1180690. [PMID: 37469683 PMCID: PMC10352488 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1180690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Early predictors for back pain need to be identified for the development of prevention strategies starting as early as childhood. For this purpose, the relationship between physical fitness and spinal flexibility at the age of six years and its prediction for the development of non-specific back pain (BP) during childhood were analyzed. Methods In this prospective cohort study with 4-year follow-up, school children from the Swiss Canton Basel-Stadt, aged 6-8 (2014) at baseline and 10-12 years (2018) at follow-up, were recruited from 26 primary schools (n = 238) within a mandatory evaluation of motor skills. Data for spinal flexibility were collected by use of a hand-held computer-assisted device and physical fitness was assessed by shuttle run performance at both time points. Occurrence of non-specific BP was determined by use of a questionnaire at follow-up. Results Children with higher physical fitness at baseline achieved a better spinal flexibility four years later (β [95% CI] 3.75 [2.19-5.3] degree per 1 stage increase, p < 0.001). Higher spinal flexibility by 1 degree at baseline was associated with 2% less odds for non-specific BP at follow-up (OR [95% CI] 0.98 [0.97-0.99] per 1 degree increase, p = 0.032). There was little evidence for a direct association between physical fitness at baseline and development of non-specific BP at follow-up (OR [95% CI] 1.13 [0.96-1.34] per 1 stage increase, p = 0.128). Conclusion Fitness performance is associated with the development of better childhood spinal flexibility over four years. Moreover, a better spinal flexibility at baseline was associated with less non-specific BP at follow-up. This study suggests that physical fitness may be a key modulator of spinal flexibility which itself is a main determinant of non-specific BP during childhood development. Further long-term studies are warranted to confirm our assumptions and to prove trajectories into adolescents and adulthood.
Collapse
|
5
|
Pico M, Matey-Rodríguez C, Domínguez-García A, Menéndez H, Lista S, Santos-Lozano A. Healthcare Professionals’ Knowledge about Pediatric Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review. CHILDREN 2023; 10:children10040665. [PMID: 37189914 DOI: 10.3390/children10040665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric chronic pain is a common public health problem with a high prevalence among children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to review the current knowledge of health professionals on pediatric chronic pain between 15–30% among children and adolescents. However, since this is an underdiagnosed condition, it is inadequately treated by health professionals. To this aim, a systematic review was carried out based on a search of the electronic literature databases (PubMed and Web of Science), resulting in 14 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The analysis of these articles seems to show a certain degree of heterogeneity in the surveyed professionals about the awareness of this concept, especially regarding its etiology, assessment, and management. In addition, the extent of knowledge of the health professionals seems to be insufficient regarding these aspects of pediatric chronic pain. Hence, the knowledge of the health professionals is unrelated to recent research that identifies central hyperexcitability as the primary factor affecting the onset, persistence, and management of pediatric chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Pico
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carmen Matey-Rodríguez
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana Domínguez-García
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Héctor Menéndez
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Simone Lista
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (‘imas12’), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shinde N, Kanabar DJ, Miles LJ. Narrative review of the prevalence and distribution of acute pain in children in the self-care setting. PAEDIATRIC & NEONATAL PAIN 2022; 4:169-191. [PMID: 36618510 PMCID: PMC9798044 DOI: 10.1002/pne2.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acute pain among children is common, yet it may be underestimated and undertreated if the pain is not recognized. Assessing and managing pediatric pain can be complicated, and as such, measuring the prevalence of acute pain in children can be challenging. We sought to provide a consolidated review of the available data on the prevalence of commonly occurring acute pain in children in the self-care setting. An extensive literature search was performed to determine the prevalence of acute pain at multiple bodily locations in children aged between 3 months and 18 years. We considered the influence of age, sex, and sociodemographic factors on prevalence estimates. We also sought to identify some of the challenges involved in assessing and managing pediatric pain, thus shedding light on areas where there may be clinical and medical unmet needs. In general, a high prevalence of acute pain in children was detected, particularly headache, menstruation-related pain, and dental and back pain. Older age, female sex, and lower socioeconomic status were associated with increased pain prevalence. Risk factors were identified for all pain types and included psychological issues, stress, and unhealthy lifestyle habits. Owing to the heterogeneity in study populations, the prevalence estimates varied widely; there was also heterogeneity in the pain assessment tools utilized. The paucity of information regarding pain prevalence appears to be out of proportion with the burden of acute pain in children. This could indicate that clinicians may not be equipped with an optimal pain management strategy to guide their practice, especially regarding the use of developmentally appropriate pain assessment tools, without which prevalence data may not be captured. If acute pain is not accurately identified, it cannot be optimally treated. Further investigation is required to determine how the information from prevalence studies translates to the real-world setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nutan Shinde
- Reckitt Benckiser plc (Global Headquarters)BerkshireUK
| | | | - Lisa J. Miles
- Reckitt Benckiser plc (Global Headquarters)BerkshireUK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moussaoui D, Grover SR. The Association between Childhood Adversity and Risk of Dysmenorrhea, Pelvic Pain, and Dyspareunia in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2022; 35:567-574. [PMID: 35569788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) has been associated with poor health outcomes, including chronic pain. However, little is known about the potential impact on the development of pelvic pain in adolescents and young adults. This systematic review was conducted to explore the association between ACEs and dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, and dyspareunia in adolescents and young adults. METHODS Medline, Embase, and PsycNET were searched, using keywords related to childhood adversity, dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, and dyspareunia. RESULTS Of the 566 articles identified, 19 studies were included. There was an association between the number and severity of ACEs and the risk of dysmenorrhea. Sexual abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder appeared to be associated with dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, and dyspareunia, but it was unclear whether this relationship was mediated by poorer mental health. No association was found for immigration and bullying, and findings were inconsistent regarding female genital mutilation, parental separation, and parental death. CONCLUSIONS Future research should include longitudinal follow-up and use validated tools to assess childhood adversity. A greater understanding of the risk of ACEs among adolescents and young adults with dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, and dyspareunia could provide insight into the development of these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dehlia Moussaoui
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sonia Regina Grover
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dysmenorrhea across the lifespan: a biopsychosocial perspective to understanding the dysmenorrhea trajectory and association with comorbid pain experiences. Pain 2022; 163:2069-2075. [PMID: 35420567 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
9
|
Santos PS, Barasuol JC, Moccelini BS, Magno MB, Bolan M, Martins-Junior PA, Maia LC, Cardoso M. Prevalence of toothache and associated factors in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:1105-1119. [PMID: 34791550 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of toothache in children and adolescents and to verify its association with sociodemographic characteristics and dental caries experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six main and three grey literature databases were searched in February 2021. Observational studies that assessed the prevalence of toothache and associated factors were included. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated following the guidelines by Fowkes and Fulton. Proportion and association meta-analyses were performed in MedCalc and Revman software, respectively. The certainty of the evidence was determined with the GRADE approach. RESULTS Seventy-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-two presented high methodological quality and a low risk of bias. The overall pooled prevalence of toothache in children and adolescents was 36.2% (95%CI: 33.0-39.42; I2: 99.72%; P < 0.001). Females (OR: 1.17; 95%CI: 1.08-1.26; I2: 91%; P < 0.001) and children and adolescents whose caregivers had ≤ 8 years of schooling (OR: 1.42; 95%CI: 1.30-1.56; I2: 77%; P < 0.001) presented the higher chance of reporting toothache. Dental caries experience increased the chance of reporting toothache in 3.49 times (95%CI: 2.70-4.51; I2: 92%; P < 0.001). The certainty of the evidence was very low. CONCLUSIONS The overall pooled prevalence of toothache was considered high. Sociodemographic characteristics (sex and caregivers' educational level) and previous dental caries experience were significantly associated with toothache reports. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Toothache is still a recurrent issue in many countries. Thus, it is essential to understand its possible associated factors to reduce the occurrence of new episodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Silveira Santos
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Copetti Barasuol
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Suelen Moccelini
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcela Baraúna Magno
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michele Bolan
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Paulo Antônio Martins-Junior
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minhas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariane Cardoso
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mikkelsen HT, Haraldstad K, Helseth S, Skarstein S, Småstuen MC, Rohde G. Pain and health-related quality of life in adolescents and the mediating role of self-esteem and self-efficacy: a cross-sectional study including adolescents and parents. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:128. [PMID: 34462000 PMCID: PMC8404017 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To promote health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescents with pain, it is important to study factors associated with pain. This study aimed to describe selected factors and pain in 14–15-year-old adolescents and their parents, to assess how these factors are associated with adolescent pain groups, and to explore whether the relationship between pain intensity and HRQOL in adolescents with persistent pain is mediated by self-esteem and self-efficacy. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed among 508 dyads of adolescents (14–15 years) and parents in a school-based setting. Among these, 148 adolescents had persistent pain. We explored the following variables: HRQOL, pain, self-efficacy, self-esteem, sleep, loneliness, stress and sociodemographic variables. All variables were assessed with well-validated instruments. HRQOL was measured with KIDSCREEN-27. Analyses included Chi-square, ANOVA, Mann–Whitney U tests, Kruskal–Wallis and the PROCESS macro method for mediation analyses. Results Adolescents with pain reported significantly higher levels of stress, loneliness and lack of sleep and lower levels of self-efficacy, self-esteem and HRQOL compared to adolescents without pain. More girls than boys reported pain. Adolescents with persistent pain scored significantly worse on self-esteem, stress, loneliness, lack of sleep, school absence, pain and HRQOL compared to adolescents with shorter pain duration. Adolescent pain groups did not differ significantly considering parental factors. However, more adolescents with persistent pain reported that someone in their family had pain. The associations between pain intensity and the HRQOL subscales in adolescents with persistent pain were completely mediated by self-esteem, but not by self-efficacy. The highest degree of mediation was estimated for the HRQOL subscale school environment (indirect effect = 73.5%). Conclusions Our findings highlight the complexity within adolescent pain, demonstrating that adolescents with pain differ from adolescents without pain when it comes to gender, school absence, factors within-person and between-persons. Longer pain duration makes adolescents more vulnerable. We confirm the importance of resilience factors for HRQOL but indicate that self-esteem is more important than self-efficacy. To promote HRQOL in adolescents with persistent pain, a strengthening of both their self-esteem and self-efficacy is recommended. We highlight the need for an individual, holistic approach to adolescent pain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-021-00629-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Timenes Mikkelsen
- Department of Health and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, PO Box 422, 4604, Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Kristin Haraldstad
- Department of Health and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, PO Box 422, 4604, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Sølvi Helseth
- Department of Health and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, PO Box 422, 4604, Kristiansand, Norway.,Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siv Skarstein
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Milada Cvancarova Småstuen
- Department of Health and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, PO Box 422, 4604, Kristiansand, Norway.,Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gudrun Rohde
- Department of Health and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, PO Box 422, 4604, Kristiansand, Norway.,Department of Clinical Research, Sorlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kisling S, Claus BB, Stahlschmidt L, Wager J. The efficacy of an educational movie to improve pain and dysfunctional behavior in school children: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Pain 2021; 25:1612-1621. [PMID: 33949051 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain in children is a serious issue, therefore calling for effective prevention/intervention measures. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an educational movie on pain knowledge in school children in general and on pain-related behaviours and pain intensity in those who are affected by chronic pain. Regarding those affected, the association between pain knowledge and intensity, as well as the potential mediating effect of pain-related behaviours, were investigated. METHODS Recruited from four schools, N = 381 students (51.7% female; Mage = 11.4, SD = 0.95) participated, of which n = 108 reported chronic pain. Each school was randomly allocated to the intervention or control group (cluster-randomization). At two time points spaced 4-5 weeks apart, students provided information on their pain knowledge, pain-related behaviour (passive pain coping, pain-related disability, missed school days, medication use) and pain intensity. After the first assessment, students in the intervention group watched an educational movie. Multilevel linear models for all outcomes were calculated as well as a mediation analysis. RESULTS Pain knowledge increased significantly in the intervention group (β = 2.76 [95% CI 2.20, 3.31]). However, no significant time-by-group interactions were found for pain-related behaviour or pain intensity. The mediation model identified that the indirect effect of pain knowledge on pain intensity was mediated by pain-related behaviour (β = -0.18, p = 0.014 and β = 0.38, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Educational movies may be an effective tool for educating students about pain management. However, the knowledge gained may not be sufficient to improve pain behaviour and intensity overall. SIGNIFICANCE A 10-min educational movie on chronic pain management was tested in school children (N = 381). Following the intervention, knowledge of chronic pain concepts was statistically greater in the intervention group compared to the control group not watching the movie. Furthermore, a mediation model theoretically determined whether an association between pain knowledge and pain intensity exists, and whether this is explained by level of dysfunctional pain-related behaviorisms. Full mediation was confirmed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kisling
- Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Benedikt B Claus
- Pedscience Research Institute, Datteln, Germany.,German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Datteln, Germany
| | - Lorin Stahlschmidt
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Datteln, Germany
| | - Julia Wager
- Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.,Pedscience Research Institute, Datteln, Germany.,German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Datteln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kändler L, Schlez M, Weil J. [Updated recommendations for action according to the guidelines "Chest pain in childhood and adolescence"]. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2021; 169:546-549. [PMID: 33867581 PMCID: PMC8042459 DOI: 10.1007/s00112-021-01174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liane Kändler
- Evangelisches Krankenhaus Paul-Gerhardt-Stift Wittenberg, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Paul-Gerhardt-Str. 42-45, 06886 Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Deutschland
| | - M Schlez
- Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Deutschland
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pentapati KC, Yeturu SK, Siddiq H. Global and regional estimates of dental pain among children and adolescents-systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:1-12. [PMID: 32557184 PMCID: PMC7943429 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to evaluate the pooled prevalence of dental pain amongst children and adolescents. METHODS Studies conducted in children and adolescents up to18 years of age and where prevalence of dental is reported or calculated were included. Search was performed in four major databases from inception to June 1st, 2019. Prevalence estimate at the maximal recall for the dental pain for the individual study was used to calculate the overall pooled estimate. RESULTS The prevalence of dental pain ranged from 1.33 to 87.8% in the included publications for quantitative synthesis (n = 97). More than half of the publications reported the lifetime prevalence of dental pain (n = 51) while few studies reported the current prevalence of dental pain (n = 3) and only one study evaluated the dental pain in the past one week. Heterogeneity was high among the included publications (Q = 49,063.12; P < 0.001; df = 96 and I2 = 99.8; P < 0.001). Overall pooled prevalence of dental pain was 32.7 (CI = 29.6-35.9). No difference was seen with respect to the trends in prevalence of dental pain (Coefficient: 0.005; 95% CI - 0.001-0.011; P-value: 0.101). CONCLUSION Two out of ten children below five years, four out of ten children between 6 and 12 years and three out of ten adolescents between 13 and 18 years would have experienced pain in the past. Overall, three out of ten children or adolescents might have experienced dental pain in the past. There was no difference in the pain prevalence between male and females. Studies from Africa reported highest pooled prevalence (50.1%) with least being from Australia (20.7%). Studies from India (40.4%), China (41.3%) and Iran (42.6%) reported high pooled prevalence estimates of dental pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyana Chakravarthy Pentapati
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sravan Kumar Yeturu
- grid.411370.00000 0000 9081 2061Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Viswavidya Peetham, Kochi, India
| | - Hanan Siddiq
- grid.411639.80000 0001 0571 5193Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Könning A, Rosenthal N, Friese M, Hirschfeld G, Brown D, Wager J. Factors associated with physician consultation and medication use in children and adolescents with chronic pain: A scoping review and original data. Eur J Pain 2021; 25:88-106. [PMID: 32955736 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although paediatric chronic pain is common, it is not yet clear which individuals with chronic pain are likely to seek health care for their pain. The aims of this study were to summarize the current evidence of the characteristics of children and adolescents with chronic pain who consult a physician or use medication for their pain. Additionally, we aimed to expand knowledge by further investigating key and promising, factors in a large community sample of adolescents. METHODS First, using scoping review methodology, studies on health care utilisation in paediatric chronic pain were identified by the systematic literature search. Out of 1,158 articles, 12 were included for data extraction. Second, in a population-based cross-sectional survey, data of N = 2,280 adolescents (10-18 years) and their parents (N = 1,464), were analysed. Univariable logistic and multivariable LASSO regression models were calculated for adolescents with chronic pain (n = 749) to identify predictors of physician visits or analgesics intake due to pain, controlling for acute illness and injury. RESULTS The scoping review identified higher pain intensity, frequency, severity and pain-related disability as significant individual factors associated with physician consultation. Female sex and higher pain intensity were associated with medication consumption. Multivariable analyses with cross-sectional data revealed only pain-related school absence to be associated with physician consultation; analgesic medication use was associated with school absence and higher pain intensity. CONCLUSION Original data from this study support prior findings. School absence and pain intensity, plausible surrogates for pain severity, are the most relevant factors in health care utilisation due to chronic pain. SIGNIFICANCE A scoping summary of existing research on predictors for physician consultation and medication use in children and adolescents with chronic pain is provided. Furthermore, the role of potential predictors for health care utilisation-sociodemographic, pain, school, psychological and parent-related characteristics-is analysed in a population-based cross-sectional survey. Controlling for illness and injuries, and using a strict chronic pain definition, the cross-sectional survey allows conclusions on healthcare utilisation specific to chronic pain in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Könning
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Datteln, Germany
- Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Nicola Rosenthal
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Datteln, Germany
- Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Michelle Friese
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Datteln, Germany
- Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Gerrit Hirschfeld
- Department for Business and Health, University of Applied Sciences Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Donnamay Brown
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Datteln, Germany
| | - Julia Wager
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Datteln, Germany
- Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Laffolie J, Ibrahimi G, Zimmer KP. Poor Perception of School Toilets and Increase of Functional Constipation. KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 2020; 233:5-9. [PMID: 33036055 DOI: 10.1055/a-1263-0747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A suggested mechanism of functional constipation (FC) is the refusal against painful bowel movements and a vicious circle of holding back stool, hardening, colonic dilatation and further painful defecation. The aim of this study is to describe perception of school toilets, prevalence of functional abdominal pain (FAP) and constipation in elementary schools. DESIGN AND SETTING All elementary schools in Giessen County, Germany were contacted. Parents received a questionnaire on perception of toilets and criteria of functional abdominal pain and constipation in two consecutive years. RESULTS 212 (76.5%) families responded the child would use the school toilet for passing urine always, commonly or regularly (ACR), only 92 (33.2%) did so for passing stool. 46 (16.6%) were always disgusted by their school toilets, further 145 (52.3%) reported to be disgusted commonly or regularly. 126 parents reported their child would retain stool to avoid using the school toilet (45.5%). Children who were disgusted by and avoided using the school toilet showed significant higher prevalence of abdominal pain ACR (23.6% vs. 11.2%, p=0.0103) CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of abdominal pain and constipation is high and increased after one year. Negative perception of school toilets with consecutive avoidance behavior could be an important and improvable influence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jande Laffolie
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Giessen, Giessen
| | - Gentiana Ibrahimi
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Giessen, Giessen
| | - Klaus-Peter Zimmer
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Giessen, Giessen
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
[Headache, abdominal and back pain in children and adolescents in Germany : Results from KiGGS Wave 2 and trends]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2019; 62:1184-1194. [PMID: 31529183 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-019-03007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain not only causes suffering in children and adolescents, but also leads to school absenteeism, medication intake, medical treatment, and an increased risk of recurrent pain in adulthood. OBJECTIVES Based on data from the nationwide German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2, 2014-2017), the 3‑month prevalence of recurrent headache, abdominal and back pain in girls and boys is reported, and is compared with the prevalence from the KiGGS baseline survey (2003-2006). The consequences of recurrent headache were also explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from >11,000 participants (KiGGS Wave 2) and from >12,000 (KiGGS baseline) participants aged between 3 and 17 years were analyzed. For 3‑ to 10-year-olds, parents/guardians answered the questions, while 11- to 17-year-olds provided information themselves. RESULTS In 3‑ to 10-year-olds, recurrent abdominal pain was most prevalent, affecting one third of girls and one quarter of boys. Headache was the most frequent type of pain in 11- to 17-year-olds, affecting almost every second girl and about every third boy. The 3‑month prevalence of recurrent headache, abdominal and back pain has increased in girls and boys, especially in the age groups 7 to 10 years and 11 to 13 years. Among recurrent headache sufferers, adolescents take medication almost twice as often as children. CONCLUSIONS Headache, abdominal, and back pain are still and with increasing prevalence very common symptoms in children and adolescents in Germany. Their prevention requires a holistic view of children's health in the psychosocial living environment, and healthcare context.
Collapse
|
17
|
Krause L, Mauz E. [Headache, abdominal pain, and back pain in children and adolescents in Thuringia : Representative results of a regional module study in KiGGS wave 1]. Schmerz 2019. [PMID: 29532154 DOI: 10.1007/s00482-018-0280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recurring pain in children and adolescents can have a negative impact on health and well-being. This study investigates recurring headache, abdominal pain, and back pain in children and adolescents in Thuringia. Data is based on a representative sub-sample from the federal state module Thuringia (2010-2012, n = 4096, 3-17 years), carried out in KiGGS wave 1 (first follow-up interview of the "German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents"). The 3‑month prevalence of recurrent headache, abdominal pain, and back pain is reported according to socio-demographic factors and is compared with the prevalence for the whole of Germany. In addition, possible associated factors of recurring headache, abdominal pain, and back pain in the previous 3 months are analyzed. Results for Thuringia show that 3‑ to 10-year-old children were most frequently affected by recurrent abdominal pain (girls: 24.1%; boys: 16.7%), while 11- to 17-year-old adolescents were most frequently affected by recurrent headaches (girls: 36.8%; boys: 20.6%). There were isolated socio-economic differences in the 3‑month prevalences of recurrent headache and back pain to the detriment of the low status group. Compared to peers in the whole of Germany, girls and boys in Thuringia did not report headache, abdominal pain, and back pain in the previous 3 months more frequently. The investigated associated factors-fair to very poor self-rated health, emotional problems such as anxiety and depressive symptoms, chronic diseases and other health complaints, migraine, use of a general medical practice, as well as practices for orthopedics and neurology, and in-patient treatment at a hospital-were positively related to the 3‑month prevalence of recurrent headache, abdominal pain, and back pain. Overall, the results confirm that recurring pain is a common phenomenon in childhood and adolescents and, therefore, underline the public health relevance of pain in this young age group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Krause
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Straße 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - E Mauz
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Straße 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Handlungsempfehlung nach der Leitlinie „Thoraxschmerzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter“. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-017-0410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
19
|
Høie M, Haraldstad K, Rohde G, Fegran L, Westergren T, Helseth S, Slettebø Å, Johannessen B. How school nurses experience and understand everyday pain among adolescents. BMC Nurs 2017; 16:53. [PMID: 28924390 PMCID: PMC5598013 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-017-0247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pain problems are a rapidly growing health problem found among both children and adolescent, and about 15–30% have reported chronic pain problems. School nurses in Norway meet adolescents with various ailments, including pain. Yet research on how school nurses perceive the pain experienced by adolescents is limited. The aim of the present study was to explore how school nurses explain and experience the everyday pain of adolescents. Method A qualitative study with an explorative design comprising five focus group interviews. Each group consisted of three to five school nurses. Seventeen female school nurses in five junior high schools in Norway, age range 29–65 years participated. To cover the issues a semi structured interview guide was used. The transcribed text was analysed with qualitative content analysis. Results The experience of school nurses with adolescents’ pain in everyday life is mainly that pain is a social, physical, and psychological phenomenon. School nurses experienced that everyday pain is reflecting: 1) high expectations, 2) difficult relationships and traumatic experiences and 3) an unhealthy lifestyle. School nurses have ambivalent attitudes to medicalisation of pain. Conclusion Despite of a biopsychosocial understanding of pain, the school nurses maintained referral practice of medical examinations, with the results that many adolescents became shuttlecocks in the health system. Although the school nurses´ were sceptical of the tendency towards medicalization in society, it appears that they actually help maintain this tendency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnhild Høie
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Kristin Haraldstad
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Gudrun Rohde
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Liv Fegran
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Thomas Westergren
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Sølvi Helseth
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åshild Slettebø
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Berit Johannessen
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Haraldstad K, Christophersen KA, Helseth S. Health-related quality of life and pain in children and adolescents: a school survey. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:174. [PMID: 28738818 PMCID: PMC5525195 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain problems are common in children and adolescents. Measures of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) can be used to assess children's subjective perspectives of pain experience and its impact on their life. The aims of the study were to describe HRQoL and the prevalence of pain in a nonclinical population of children and adolescents, and to analyze the relationships between HRQoL, pain, sex, and age in a sample of children and adolescents aged 8-18 years. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved a cluster sample of 20 randomly selected schools drawn within a region of Norway. The final study sample included 1099 children and adolescents. We measured HRQoL using the generic questionnaire KIDSCREEN-52 and pain using questions from the Lübeck Pain-Screening Questionnaire. Multiple regression was used to analyze relationships between HRQoL and sex, age, and pain. RESULTS The response rate was 74%. A large percentage of the sample, 60%, reported pain, and girls reported significantly more pain than boys, 76% of the girls in the age group 16-18 years reported pain. The KIDSCREEN-52 scores differed between girls and boys, and on average, girls reported a significantly lower HRQoL than boys on most dimensions. Pain problems were associated with lower HRQoL, and older girls were most impaired by pain. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study indicate that pain problems are highly prevalent in children, and more prevalent in girls than in boys. HRQoL was impaired for all 10 dimensions of the KIDSCREEN-52 in children with pain. The subscales self-perception, psychological well-being, mood, relationship with parents, and school environment were most affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Haraldstad
- Faculty of Health- and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, P.O box 422, 4604, Kristiansand, Norway.
| | | | - Sølvi Helseth
- Faculty of Health- and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, P.O box 422, 4604, Kristiansand, Norway.,Faculty of Health, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O box 4 St Olavs Plass, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bikmoradi A, Khaleghverdi M, Seddighi I, Moradkhani S, Soltanian A, Cheraghi F. Effect of inhalation aromatherapy with lavender essence on pain associated with intravenous catheter insertion in preschool children: A quasi-experimental study. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2017; 28:85-91. [PMID: 28779942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effect of inhalation aromatherapy with lavender essence on the pain severity of intravenous catheter insertion in hospitalized preschool children. METHOD A quasi-experimental study involving 60 participants using convenience sampling were assigned to control (n = 30) and aromatherapy (n = 30) groups. Children in the aromatherapy group inhaled 5 drops of the essence, while children in the control group inhaled 5 drops of distilled water, 20 min before venipuncture. Pain severity was measured using OUCHER scale 10 min after catheterization. RESULTS Mean of pain severity between the aromatherapy and control groups demonstrated a significant difference immediately (P = 0.002) and 5 (P = 0.001) and 10 min (P = 0.01) after intravenous catheter insertion. Mean of pain severity in the three assessed time points had significant differences in aromatherapy and control groups (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Aromatherapy with Lavender essence helped to reduce pain severity of intravenous catheter insertion in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bikmoradi
- Department of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Masoomeh Khaleghverdi
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Iraj Seddighi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Shirin Moradkhani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Alireza Soltanian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Cheraghi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Besat Hospital, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wolff N, Rubia K, Knopf H, Hölling H, Martini J, Ehrlich S, Roessner V. Reduced pain perception in children and adolescents with ADHD is normalized by methylphenidate. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2016; 10:24. [PMID: 27453723 PMCID: PMC4957360 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-016-0112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examined pain perception in children and adolescents with ADHD and the interaction between pain perception and the administration of methylphenidate (MPH) in order to generate hypotheses for further research that will help to clarify the association between ADHD diagnosis, MPH treatment and pain perception. METHODS We included 260 children and adolescents of the "German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents" (KiGGS) and analyzed parent's assessments of children's pain distribution and pain perception, as well as the influence of MPH administration on pain perception in affected children and adolescents. RESULTS Pain perception was associated with ADHD and MPH administration, indicating that children and adolescents suffering from ADHD without MPH treatment were reported to have lower pain perception compared to both, healthy controls (HC) and ADHD patients medicated with MPH. CONCLUSION We suggest that reduced pain perception in children and adolescents with ADHD not medicated with MPH may lead to higher risk tolerance by misjudgments of dangerous situations, expanding the importance of MPH administration in affected children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wolff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Hildtraud Knopf
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Hölling
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Martini
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Krause L, Neuhauser H, Hölling H, Ellert U. Kopf-, Bauch- und Rückenschmerzen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland – Aktuelle Prävalenzen und zeitliche Trends. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-016-0128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
24
|
Ruhe AK, Wager J, Hirschfeld G, Zernikow B. Household income determines access to specialized pediatric chronic pain treatment in Germany. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16:140. [PMID: 27102117 PMCID: PMC4840873 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Families with lower socioeconomic status (SES) often face problems with gaining access to health care services. Information is scarce on the relationship between SES and health care delivery for children suffering from chronic pain. METHODS Families presenting to a specialized pain center (N = 1,001) provided information on 'household income, 'parental education' and 'occupation' to aid the evaluation of their SES. To assess whether the SES of the clinical sample is representative of the general population, it was compared to data from a community sample (N = 14,558). For the clinical sample, travel distance to the clinic was described in relation to the 75% catchment area. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the association between SES and the journey from outside the catchment area. RESULTS The SES was significantly higher in the clinical sample than in the community sample. Within the clinical sample, the distance traveled to the pain center increased with increasing SES. The 75% catchment area was 143 miles for families with the highest SES and 78 miles for the lowest SES. 'Household income' predicted travel distance (OR 1.32 (1.12-1.56)). Education and occupational status were not significant predictors of travel from outside the catchment area. CONCLUSIONS In Germany, specialized care for children with chronic pain is subject to disparities in access. Future activities should focus on identifying barriers to access and seeking to prevent inequalities in specialized pediatric health care delivery. Increasing the number of specialized treatment facilities could improve access to specialized pediatric pain treatment, regardless of socioeconomic determinants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Ruhe
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Datteln, and Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health - School of Medicine, Dr.-Friedrich-Steiner-Str .5, 45711, Datteln, Germany.
| | - Julia Wager
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Datteln, and Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health - School of Medicine, Dr.-Friedrich-Steiner-Str .5, 45711, Datteln, Germany
| | - Gerrit Hirschfeld
- Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück , Caprivistr. 30A, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Boris Zernikow
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Datteln, and Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health - School of Medicine, Dr.-Friedrich-Steiner-Str .5, 45711, Datteln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Straube A, Heinen F, Ebinger F, von Kries R. Headache in school children: prevalence and risk factors. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 110:811-8. [PMID: 24333367 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2013.0811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent headache is a common problem in school children. Evaluation generally leads to the diagnosis of a primary headache syndrome (migraine or tension-type headache). This review is addressed to the question whether headaches in school children are becoming more common and, if so, what risk factors are associated with the rise in frequency. METHOD We selectively searched the PubMed database for pertinent publications that contained the terms "primary headache AND children/adolescent AND risk factors/prevalence." Articles published in either English or German up to April 2013 were considered. Articles on secondary types of headache were excluded. RESULTS Headaches are becoming more common among school children. At present, 66% to 71% of 12- to 15- year-olds have at least one headache every three months, and 33% to 40% have at least one per week. Headache is often accompanied by other physical and/or emotional manifestations. Studies from Scandinavia reveal increasing prevalence in age groups from 8 years of age and upward. Various studies have identified the following risk factors for headache or for its chronification (up to 5.8-fold elevation of risk): a dysfunctional family situation, the regular consumption of alcohol, caffeine ingestion, smoking, a low level of physical activity, physical or emotional abuse, bullying by peers, unfair treatment in school, and insufficient leisure time. CONCLUSION Headaches are becoming more common among children and adolescents. They are often associated with other physical and emotional complaints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Straube
- Department of Neurology, University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of Munich, Campus Innenstadt, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Clinic for Child and Adolescent Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, Paderborn, and Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Institute of Social Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Munich
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fegran L, Ludvigsen MS, Haraldstad K. Adolescents and young adults’ experiences of living with everyday pain: a systematic review protocol of qualitative evidence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2014-1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
28
|
Hamill JK, Lyndon M, Liley A, Hill AG. Where it hurts: a systematic review of pain-location tools for children. Pain 2013; 155:851-858. [PMID: 24316444 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James K Hamill
- Paediatric Surgery, Starship Children's Hospital, Private Bag 92024, Auckland 1172, New Zealand Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, South Auckland Clinical School, Private Bag 93311, Otahuhu, Auckland 1640, New Zealand Department of Anaesthesia, Starship Children's Hospital, Private Bag 92024, Auckland 1172, New Zealand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Morales A, Espada JP, Carballo JL, Piqueras JA, Orgilés M. Short Health Anxiety Inventory: Factor structure and psychometric properties in Spanish adolescents. J Health Psychol 2013; 20:123-31. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105313500095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Short Health Anxiety Inventory is a common screening tool for assessing health anxiety among adolescents; however, its psychometric properties and internal structure have not been evaluated within a Spanish-speaking population. The goodness of fit of four models of the latent structure of the Short Health Anxiety Inventory was tested by using confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 832 Spanish secondary school adolescents. Based on these results, the reliability of the original two-factor model was tested. Differences in health anxiety by gender and age were also examined. The results support use of the Spanish version of the Short Health Anxiety Inventory by researchers and clinicians among Spanish adolescents.
Collapse
|
30
|
Warschburger P, Hänig J, Friedt M, Posovszky C, Schier M, Calvano C. Health-related quality of life in children with abdominal pain due to functional or organic gastrointestinal disorders. J Pediatr Psychol 2013; 39:45-54. [PMID: 24055816 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jst070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Comparing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children suffering from functional and organic gastrointestinal disorders and to identify predictors for HRQOL. METHODS Children with functional (n = 70) and organic (n = 100) gastrointestinal disorders, aged 8-18 years and referred to a pediatric gastroenterologist, completed questionnaires assessing pain severity, coping, and HRQOL. RESULTS The sample reported low HRQOL scores, even significantly lower compared with reference values of chronically ill children, derived from normative data of KINDL-R, a generic QOL questionnaire. HRQOL was not significantly associated with age, gender, duration of pain, and diagnosis (functional gastrointestinal disorder vs. organic gastrointestinal disorder). Pain severity and catastrophizing were significantly associated with HRQOL, with catastrophizing fully mediating the relationship between pain and HRQOL. CONCLUSION The emotional burden associated with chronic abdominal pain-regardless of its cause-is enormous. Interventions should target the children's coping strategies, as catastrophizing seems to be the causal link between pain and HRQOL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Warschburger
- Counseling Psychology, Department of Psychology, Potsdam University, Karl- Liebknecht- Str. 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wager J, Ruhe A, Hirschfeld G, Wamsler C, Dobe M, Hechler T, Zernikow B. Influence of parental occupation on access to specialised treatment for paediatric chronic pain. Schmerz 2013; 27:305-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00482-013-1320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
32
|
Freyler A, Kőhegyi Z, Köteles F, Kökönyei G, Bárdos G. Modern health worries, subjective somatic symptoms, somatosensory amplification, and health anxiety in adolescents. J Health Psychol 2013; 18:773-81. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105313479629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-sectional study aimed at the psychometric evaluation of the Modern Health Worries Scale in adolescents and the exploration of the relationship among modern health worries, somatosensory amplification, health anxiety, and somatic symptoms. A total of 480 secondary school students (aged between 14 and 19 years) completed a set of questionnaires. Four-factor structure of the scale was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Modern health worries were connected to somatosensory amplification and health anxiety, and somatosensory amplification and health anxiety were partial mediators of the connection between modern health worries and somatic symptoms. Perceived vulnerability (conceptualized as somatosensory amplification and health anxiety) appears to build a “social-cognitive-emotional bridge” between symptoms and modern health worries.
Collapse
|
33
|
[Definition, diagnosis and therapy of chronic widespread pain and so-called fibromyalgia syndrome in children and adolescents. Systematic literature review and guideline]. Schmerz 2013; 26:318-30. [PMID: 22760465 DOI: 10.1007/s00482-012-1168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The scheduled update to the German S3 guidelines on fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) by the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies ("Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften", AWMF; registration number 041/004) was planned starting in March 2011. MATERIALS AND METHODS The development of the guidelines was coordinated by the German Interdisciplinary Association for Pain Therapy ("Deutsche Interdisziplinären Vereinigung für Schmerztherapie", DIVS), 9 scientific medical societies and 2 patient self-help organizations. Eight working groups with a total of 50 members were evenly balanced in terms of gender, medical field, potential conflicts of interest and hierarchical position in the medical and scientific fields. Literature searches were performed using the Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases (until December 2010). The grading of the strength of the evidence followed the scheme of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. The formulation and grading of recommendations was accomplished using a multi-step, formal consensus process. The guidelines were reviewed by the boards of the participating scientific medical societies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The diagnosis FMS in children and adolescents is not established. In so-called juvenile FMS (JFMS) multidimensional diagnostics with validated measures should be performed. Multimodal therapy is warranted. In the case of severe pain-related disability, therapy should be primarily performed on an inpatient basis. The English full-text version of this article is available at SpringerLink (under "Supplemental").
Collapse
|
34
|
Kakoei S, Parirokh M, Nakhaee N, Jamshidshirazi F, Rad M, Kakooei S. Prevalence of toothache and associated factors: a population-based study in southeast iran. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2013; 8:123-8. [PMID: 23922574 PMCID: PMC3734515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was carried out to estimate toothache prevalence among adult residents in Kerman. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted among individuals aged over 18 years (n=1800). The relevant data on the prevalence of toothache and associated factors were collected by interviewing the individuals in their homes and filling out a questionnaire designed by the examiners. Prevalence of toothache and associated factors that patients recalled previous to their interview were analyzed by chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Nine hundred ninety-one individuals (55.1%) reported toothache during the 6 months before the interview. The participants who flossed daily, had regular dental visits, and had higher education showed a significantly lower prevalence of toothache (P<0.05), whereas regular tooth brushing and economic level of residency had no significant effect on the prevalence of toothache. Individuals between the ages of 26 and 45 [odds ratio (OR)=2.0], with a family size of more than 4 (OR=1.5), not using dental floss (OR=1.5), or having a mental or psychological illness (OR=1.5) were more likely to have a history of toothache. CONCLUSION High prevalence of toothache (more than half) among residents of Kerman shows a serious and major public health problem. Toothache prevalence in middle aged adults, lower education, bigger family size, lower dental hygiene habit and/or those having mental or psychological illness were more common in the city of Kerman.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Kakoei
- Oral and Dental Diseases Research center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Parirokh
- Oral and Dental Diseases Research center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nouzar Nakhaee
- Neurosciences Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Forogh Jamshidshirazi
- Oral and Dental Diseases Research center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Rad
- Oral and Dental Diseases Research center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sina Kakooei
- Oral and Dental Diseases Research center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,Corresponding author: Sina Kakooei; Oral and Dental Diseases Research center, School of dentistry, Shafa Street, Jomhori Eslami Boulevard, Postal code: 7618759554, Kerman, Iran. Tel: +98-913 1976427, Fax: +98-341 2118073,
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Du Y, Ellert U, Lampert T, Mensink GBM, Schlaud M. Association of breastfeeding and exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy with children's general health status later in childhood. Breastfeed Med 2012; 7:504-13. [PMID: 23003679 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2011.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with a variety of risks on fetal health, whereas breastfeeding may protect infants from infections in the early postpartum period. Little has been reported regarding their associations with children's general health later in childhood. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Parent-rated children's general health status was investigated among 14,836 children and adolescents 3-17 years old who participated in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) in 2003-2006. Data on breastfeeding and maternal smoking during pregnancy were collected by parent-administered questionnaires. SPSS complex samples logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS Exclusive breastfeeding and non-exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy were associated with better health status overall among all children in the KiGGS (both p<0.001). After adjusting for potential confounding factors including other prior and current exposures, exclusive breastfeeding over 6 months remained significant overall among all children (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.05-1.38) and in the age groups 7-10 years (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.01-1.60) and 11-17 years (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.01-1.50), while non-exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy remained significant in the age group 11-17 years only (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.06-2.10). CONCLUSIONS Exclusive breastfeeding and non-exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy may be associated with better children's general health status later in childhood, particularly when children reach adolescence. Further studies are required to elucidate these possible and biologically plausible associations. Health professionals should take opportunities to promote breastfeeding and cessation of smoking among (expectant) mothers for a healthy future of their children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Reporting, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zernikow B, Wager J, Hechler T, Hasan C, Rohr U, Dobe M, Meyer A, Hübner-Möhler B, Wamsler C, Blankenburg M. Characteristics of highly impaired children with severe chronic pain: a 5-year retrospective study on 2249 pediatric pain patients. BMC Pediatr 2012; 12:54. [PMID: 22591492 PMCID: PMC3404028 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-12-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of pain as a recurrent symptom in children is known to be high, but little is known about children with high impairment from chronic pain seeking specialized treatment. The purpose of this study was the precise description of children with high impairment from chronic pain referred to the German Paediatric Pain Centre over a 5-year period. METHODS Demographic variables, pain characteristics and psychometric measures were assessed at the first evaluation. Subgroup analysis for sex, age and pain location was conducted and multivariate logistic regression applied to identify parameters associated with extremely high impairment. RESULTS The retrospective study consisted of 2249 children assessed at the first evaluation. Tension type headache (48%), migraine (43%) and functional abdominal pain (11%) were the most common diagnoses with a high rate of co-occurrence; 18% had some form of musculoskeletal pain disease. Irrespective of pain location, chronic pain disorder with somatic and psychological factors was diagnosed frequently (43%). 55% of the children suffered from more than one distinct pain diagnosis. Clinically significant depression and general anxiety scores were expressed by 24% and 19% of the patients, respectively. Girls over the age of 13 were more likely to seek tertiary treatment compared to boys. Nearly half of children suffered from daily or constant pain with a mean pain value of 6/10. Extremely high pain-related impairment, operationalized as a comprehensive measure of pain duration, frequency, intensity, pain-related school absence and disability, was associated with older age, multiple locations of pain, increased depression and prior hospital stays. 43% of the children taking analgesics had no indication for pharmacological treatment. CONCLUSION Children with chronic pain are a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge as they often have two or more different pain diagnoses, are prone to misuse of analgesics and are severely impaired. They are at increased risk for developmental stagnation. Adequate treatment and referral are essential to interrupt progression of the chronic pain process into adulthood.
Collapse
|
37
|
Kullmer U, Gehring S. Somatische Differenzialdiagnosen chronischer Bauchschmerzen. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-011-2512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
38
|
Du Y, Ellert U, Zhuang W, Knopf H. Analgesic use in a national community sample of German children and adolescents. Eur J Pain 2011; 16:934-43. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2011.00093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Reporting, Division of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology; Robert Koch Institute; Berlin; Germany
| | - U. Ellert
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Reporting, Division of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology; Robert Koch Institute; Berlin; Germany
| | - W. Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Reporting, Division of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology; Robert Koch Institute; Berlin; Germany
| | - H. Knopf
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Reporting, Division of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology; Robert Koch Institute; Berlin; Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bufler P, Gross M, Uhlig HH. Recurrent abdominal pain in childhood. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2011; 108:295-304. [PMID: 21629513 PMCID: PMC3103980 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2011.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic, recurrent abdominal pain is common among children and adolescents. It interferes with everyday life, causes absence from school, and leads to frequent medical consultations, often involving burdensome diagnostic testing and protracted attempts at treatment. METHOD Selective review of the literature. RESULTS Organic causes should be ruled out with a thorough medical history and physical examination and a small number of laboratory tests. The pediatric Rome III criteria include valid diagnostic criteria for functional abdominal pain in childhood. The available data imply that this condition is best treated with cognitive behavioral therapy, rather than with medications or dietary measures. CONCLUSION A systematic approach to chronic recurrent abdominal pain in children and adolescents is key to ruling out organic diseases while avoiding unnecessary tests and treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Bufler
- Abteilung für Pädiatrische Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 München, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|