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Pätzmann N, Beránek J, Griffin BT, Kuentz M, O'Dwyer PJ. Co-milling of glass forming ability class III drugs: Comparing the impact of low and high glass transition temperatures. Eur J Pharm Sci 2025; 209:107081. [PMID: 40139572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2025] [Accepted: 03/23/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
With an increasing focus on sustainable technologies in the pharmaceutical industry, milling provides a solvent-free approach to improve drug dissolution. Milling of drugs with an excipient offers additional opportunities to achieve supersaturation kinetics. Therefore, this work aims to present insights of co-milling fenofibrate and apremilast, two good glass formers with low and high glass transition temperatures (Tgs) respectively. Drugs were co-milled with croscarmellose sodium for various process durations followed by thermal analysis, investigation of crystallinity, surface area and dissolution. The dissolution enhancement of the low-Tg glass former fenofibrate highly correlated with the process-induced increase in surface area of co-milled systems (R2 = 0.96). In contrast, the high-Tg glass former apremilast lost its crystalline order gradually after ≥ 10 min of co-milling, and favourable supersaturation kinetics during biorelevant dissolution testing were observed. Interestingly, the melting point of co-milled apremilast decreased and linearly correlated with the highest measured drug concentration (cmax) during in vitro dissolution (onset temperature R2 = 0.98; peak temperature R2 = 0.96). The melting point depression remained stable after 90 days for apremilast, whereas fenofibrate co-milled for 20 min or more showed an increase in melting point upon storage. This study demonstrated that co-milling with croscarmellose sodium is ideally suited to good glass formers with a high Tg. The melting point depression is thereby proposed as an easily accessible critical quality attribute to estimate likely dissolution performance of drugs in dry co-milled formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pätzmann
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department Preformulation and Biopharmacy, Zentiva, k.s., Prague, Czechia
| | - Josef Beránek
- Department Preformulation and Biopharmacy, Zentiva, k.s., Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Martin Kuentz
- Institute of Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
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Jani V, Qian W, Yuan S, Irving T, Ma W. EMD-57033 Augments the Contractility in Porcine Myocardium by Promoting the Activation of Myosin in Thick Filaments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14517. [PMID: 36498844 PMCID: PMC9737153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sufficient cardiac contractility is necessary to ensure the sufficient cardiac output to provide an adequate end-organ perfusion. Inadequate cardiac output and the diminished perfusion of vital organs from depressed myocardium contractility is a hallmark end-stage of heart failure. There are no available therapeutics that directly target contractile proteins to improve the myocardium contractility and reduce mortality. The purpose of this study is to present a proof of concept to aid in the development of muscle activators (myotropes) for augmenting the contractility in clinical heart failure. Here we use a combination of cardiomyocyte mechanics, the biochemical quantification of the ATP turnover, and small angle X-ray diffraction on a permeabilized porcine myocardium to study the mechanisms of EMD-57033 (EMD) for activating myosin. We show that EMD increases the contractility in a porcine myocardium at submaximal and systolic calcium concentrations. Biochemical assays show that EMD decreases the proportion of myosin heads in the energy sparing super-relaxed (SRX) state under relaxing conditions, which are less likely to interact with actin during contraction. Structural assays show that EMD moves the myosin heads in relaxed muscles from a structurally ordered state close to the thick filament backbone, to a disordered state closer to the actin filament, while simultaneously inducing structural changes in the troponin complex on the actin filament. The dual effects of EMD on activating myosin heads and the troponin complex provides a proof of concept for the use of small molecule muscle activators for augmenting the contractility in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Jani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 20205, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Wenjing Qian
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Shengyao Yuan
- BioCAT, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Thomas Irving
- BioCAT, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Weikang Ma
- BioCAT, Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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Scano A, Lai F, Marongiu F, Ennas G. Effect of Manual Grinding on Diclofenac Acid Nanocrystals: A Chemico-Physical Investigation. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 21:2808-2815. [PMID: 33653445 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
X-ray Powder Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimeter were used to study the effect of the manual grinding in an agate mortar of the diclofenac acid polymorphs HD1 and HD2. In particular, we have tried to highlight how the HD2 form is more sensitive than the HD1 to the grinding process to achieve a nanometric crystal size. HD1 shows no change, while in the case of the HD2, changes in the molecular conformation and the formation of a new metastable form of the polymorph are observed after grinding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Scano
- Chemical and Geological Science Department, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM) Unit, University of Cagliari, SS 554 Bivio Per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Francesco Lai
- Life and Environment Science Department, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Marongiu
- Life and Environment Science Department, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Guido Ennas
- Chemical and Geological Science Department, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM) Unit, University of Cagliari, SS 554 Bivio Per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
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Hussain A, Smith G, Khan KA, Bukhari NI, Pedge NI, Ermolina I. Solubility and dissolution rate enhancement of ibuprofen by co-milling with polymeric excipients. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 123:395-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Bioavailability Enhancement of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs via Nanocomposites: Formulation⁻Processing Aspects and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030086. [PMID: 29986543 PMCID: PMC6160929 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug nanoparticles embedded in a dispersant matrix as a secondary phase, i.e., drug-laden nanocomposites, offer a versatile delivery platform for enhancing the dissolution rate and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Drug nanoparticles are prepared by top-down, bottom-up, or combinative approaches in the form of nanosuspensions, which are subsequently dried to prepare drug-laden nanocomposites. In this comprehensive review paper, the term “nanocomposites” is used in a broad context to cover drug nanoparticle-laden intermediate products in the form of powders, cakes, and extrudates, which can be incorporated into final oral solid dosages via standard pharmaceutical unit operations, as well as drug nanoparticle-laden strip films. The objective of this paper is to review studies from 2012⁻2017 in the field of drug-laden nanocomposites. After a brief overview of the various approaches used for preparing drug nanoparticles, the review covers drying processes and dispersant formulations used for the production of drug-laden nanocomposites, as well as various characterization methods including quiescent and agitated redispersion tests. Traditional dispersants such as soluble polymers, surfactants, other water-soluble dispersants, and water-insoluble dispersants, as well as novel dispersants such as wet-milled superdisintegrants, are covered. They exhibit various functionalities such as drug nanoparticle stabilization, mitigation of aggregation, formation of nanocomposite matrix⁻film, wettability enhancement, and matrix erosion/disintegration. Major challenges such as nanoparticle aggregation and poor redispersibility that cause inferior dissolution performance of the drug-laden nanocomposites are highlighted. Literature data are analyzed in terms of usage frequency of various drying processes and dispersant classes. We provide some engineering considerations in comparing drying processes, which could account for some of the diverging trends in academia vs. industrial practice. Overall, this review provides rationale and guidance for drying process selection and robust nanocomposite formulation development, with insights into the roles of various classes of dispersants.
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Loh ZH, Samanta AK, Sia Heng PW. Overview of milling techniques for improving the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. Asian J Pharm Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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7
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Yang J, Han S, Zheng H, Dong H, Liu J. Preparation and application of micro/nanoparticles based on natural polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 123:53-66. [PMID: 25843834 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides have attracted more and more attentions and been recognized to be the most promising materials in recent years because of their outstanding merits such as easily available, non-toxic, biocompatible, biodegradable, and easily modified. Considerable research efforts have been directed toward developing polysaccharides-based micro/nanoparticles (PM/NPs). The new major studies of PM/NPs over the past few years are outlined in this review. Methods of preparation, including self-assembly, ionic-gelation, complex coacervation, emulsification, and desolvation method and some others, are summarized. Different applications of PM/NPs in the field of drug-delivery system are highlighted. Besides, another novel application of PM/NPs that are used as emulsifiers to stabilize Pickering emulsion is also introduced. These environmental-friendly particle emulsifiers have received reasonable attention due to their novel applications, especially in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutics. From literature surveys, we realized that studies on PM/NP systems for different applications have increased rapidly. Hence, the present review is timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | - Suya Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Haicheng Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Hongbiao Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Jiubing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
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8
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Juhnke M, John E. Size Reduction as Integral Element for Development and Manufacturing of Engineered Drug Particles. Chem Eng Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201300676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Otsuka K, Shono Y, Dressman J. Coupling biorelevant dissolution methods with physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling to forecast in-vivo performance of solid oral dosage forms. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:937-52. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To summarize the basis for and progress with the development of in-vitro–in-silico–in-vivo (IV-IS-IV) relationships for oral dosage forms using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling, with the focus on predicting the performance of solid oral dosage forms in humans.
Key findings
Various approaches to forecasting oral absorption have been reported to date. These range from simple dissolution tests, through biorelevant dissolution testing and laboratory simulations of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, to the use of PBPK modelling to predict oral drug absorption based on the physicochemical parameters of the drug substance. Although each of these approaches can be useful for qualitative predictions, forecasting oral absorption on a quantitative basis with an individual approach is only possible for selected drug/dosage form combinations. By integrating biorelevant dissolution test results with the PBPK models, it has become possible to achieve quantitatively accurate as well as qualitative predictions of plasma profiles after oral dosing for both immediate and modified release formulations.
Summary
With further refinement of both the biorelevant dissolution testing methods and the PBPK models, it should be possible to expedite the development and regulatory approval of optimized dosage forms and dosing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Otsuka
- Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Bhakay A, Davé R, Bilgili E. Recovery of BCS Class II drugs during aqueous redispersion of core–shell type nanocomposite particles produced via fluidized bed coating. POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2011.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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11
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Efavirenz dissolution enhancement I: co-micronization. Pharmaceutics 2012; 5:1-22. [PMID: 24300394 PMCID: PMC3834943 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics5010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIDS constitutes one of the most serious infectious diseases, representing a major public health priority. Efavirenz (EFV), one of the most widely used drugs for this pathology, belongs to the Class II of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System for drugs with very poor water solubility. To improve EFV’s dissolution profile, changes can be made to the physical properties of the drug that do not lead to any accompanying molecular modifications. Therefore, the study objective was to develop and characterize systems with efavirenz able to improve its dissolution, which were co-processed with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The technique used was co-micronization. Three different drug:excipient ratios were tested for each of the two carriers. The drug dispersion dissolution results showed significant improvement for all the co-processed samples in comparison to non-processed material and corresponding physical mixtures. The dissolution profiles obtained for dispersion with co-micronized SLS samples proved superior to those of co-micronized PVP, with the proportion (1:0.25) proving the optimal mixture. The improvements may be explained by the hypothesis that formation of a hydrophilic layer on the surface of the micronized drug increases the wettability of the system formed, corroborated by characterization results indicating no loss of crystallinity and an absence of interaction at the molecular level.
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12
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Gao L, Liu G, Ma J, Wang X, Zhou L, Li X, Wang F. Application of drug nanocrystal technologies on oral drug delivery of poorly soluble drugs. Pharm Res 2012; 30:307-24. [PMID: 23073665 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The limited solubility and dissolution rate exhibited by poorly soluble drugs is major challenges in the pharmaceutical process. Following oral administration, the poorly soluble drugs generally show a low and erratic bioavailability which may lead to therapeutic failure. Pure drug nanocrystals, generated by "bottom up" or "top down" technologies, facilitate a significant improvement on dissolution behavior of poorly soluble drugs due to their enormous surface area, which in turn lead to substantial improvement in oral absorption. This is the most distinguished achievement of drug nanocrystals among their performances in various administration routes, reflected by the fact that most of the marketed products based on the nanocrystals technology are for oral application. After detailed investigations on various technologies associated with production of drug nanocrystals and their in vitro physicochemical properties, during the last decade more attentions have been paid into their in vivo behaviors. This review mainly describes the in vivo performances of oral drug nanocrystals exhibited in animals related to the pharmacokinetic, efficacy and safety characteristics. The technologies and evaluation associated with the solidification process of the drug nanocrystals suspensions were also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of PLA, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
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13
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Sugimoto S, Niwa T, Nakanishi Y, Danjo K. Novel ultra-cryo milling and co-grinding technique in liquid nitrogen to produce dissolution-enhanced nanoparticles for poorly water-soluble drugs. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2012; 60:325-33. [PMID: 22382412 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.60.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel ultra-cryo milling micronization technique for pharmaceutical powders using liquid nitrogen (LN2 milling) was used to grind phenytoin, a poorly water-soluble drug, to improve its dissolution rate. LN2 milling produced particles that were much finer and more uniform in size and shape than particles produced by jet milling. However, the dissolution rate of LN2-milled phenytoin was the same as that of unground phenytoin due to agglomeration of the submicron particles. To overcome this, phenytoin was co-ground with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The dissolution rate of co-ground phenytoin was much higher than that of original phenytoin, single-ground phenytoin, a physical mixture of phenytoin and PVP, or jet-milled phenytoin. X-Ray diffraction showed that the crystalline state of mixtures co-ground by LN2 milling remained unchanged. The equivalent improvement in dissolution, whether phenytoin was co-ground or separately ground and then mixed with PVP, suggested that even when co-ground, the grinding of PVP and phenytoin occurs essentially independently. Mixing original PVP with ground phenytoin provided a slight improvement in dissolution, indicating that the particle size of PVP is important for improving dissolution. When mixed with ground phenytoin, PVP ground by LN2 milling aided the wettability and dispersion of phenytoin, enhancing utilization of the large surface area of ground phenytoin. Co-grinding phenytoin with other excipients such as Eudragit L100, hypromellose, hypromellose acetate-succinate, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose also improved the dissolution profile, indicating an ultra-cryo milling and co-grinding technique in liquid nitrogen has a broad applicability of the dissolution enhancement of phenytoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Sugimoto
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
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14
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Latif R. Zero-order release profile of metoclopramide hydrochloride sublingual tablet formulation. Pharm Dev Technol 2012; 18:1372-8. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.717950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Park CW, Tung NT, Rhee YS, Kim JY, Oh TO, Ha JM, Chi SC, Park ES. Physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations of novel ternary solid dispersion of rebamipide with poloxamer 407. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:836-44. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.674138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Javadzadeh Y, Adibkia K, Bozorgmehr Z, Dastmalchi S. Evaluating retardation and physicochemical properties of co-ground mixture of Na- diclofenac with magnesium stearate. POWDER TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2011.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Zhang L, Chai G, Zeng X, He H, Xu H, Tang X. Preparation of fenofibrate immediate-release tablets involving wet grinding for improved bioavailability. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:1054-63. [DOI: 10.3109/03639041003642081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Guihong Chai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xueping Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
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Warren DB, Benameur H, Porter CJH, Pouton CW. Using polymeric precipitation inhibitors to improve the absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs: A mechanistic basis for utility. J Drug Target 2010; 18:704-31. [PMID: 20973755 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2010.525652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dallas B Warren
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Niwa T, Nakanishi Y, Danjo K. One-step preparation of pharmaceutical nanocrystals using ultra cryo-milling technique in liquid nitrogen. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010; 41:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Tan A, Simovic S, Davey AK, Rades T, Boyd BJ, Prestidge CA. Silica nanoparticles to control the lipase-mediated digestion of lipid-based oral delivery systems. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:522-32. [PMID: 20063867 DOI: 10.1021/mp9002442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the role of hydrophilic fumed silica in controlling the digestion kinetics of lipid emulsions, hence further exploring the mechanisms behind the improved oral absorption of poorly soluble drugs promoted by silica-lipid hybrid (SLH) microcapsules. An in vitro lipolysis model was used to quantify the lipase-mediated digestion kinetics of a series of lipid vehicles formulated with caprylic/capric triglycerides: lipid solution, submicrometer lipid emulsions (in the presence and absence of silica), and SLH microcapsules. The importance of emulsification on lipid digestibility is evidenced by the significantly higher initial digestion rate constants for SLH microcapsules and lipid emulsions (>15-fold) in comparison with that of the lipid solution. Silica particles exerted an inhibitory effect on the digestion of submicrometer lipid emulsions regardless of their initial location, i.e., aqueous or lipid phases. This inhibitory effect, however, was not observed for SLH microcapsules. This highlights the importance of the matrix structure and porosity of the hybrid microcapsule system in enhancing lipid digestibility as compared to submicrometer lipid emulsions stabilized by silica. For each studied formulation, the digestion kinetics is well correlated to the corresponding in vivo plasma concentrations of a model drug, celecoxib, via multiple-point correlations (R(2) > 0.97). This supports the use of the lipid digestion model for predicting the in vivo outcome of an orally dosed lipid formulation. SLH microcapsules offer the potential to enhance the oral absorption of poorly soluble drugs via increased lipid digestibility in conjunction with improved drug dissolution/dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Tan
- ARC Special Research Centre for Particle and Material Interfaces, Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
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Io T, Fukami T, Yamamoto K, Suzuki T, Xu J, Tomono K, Ramamoorthy A. Homogeneous nanoparticles to enhance the efficiency of a hydrophobic drug, antihyperlipidemic probucol, characterized by solid-state NMR. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:299-305. [PMID: 19938876 DOI: 10.1021/mp900254y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A low absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of hydrophobic pharmaceutical compounds in use today considerably limits their bioavailability, and therefore they are taken in large doses in order to reach the therapeutic plasma concentration, which inevitably results in undesired side effects. In this study, we demonstrate a new nanoparticle approach to overcome this problem, and our experimental results show that this approach has a high efficiency of drug loading and is easily adaptable to industrial scale. Characterization of nanoparticles containing a cholesterol-lowering hydrophobic drug, probucol, using a variety of biophysical techniques revealed higher homogeneity of these particles compared to those prepared using other approaches. Intermolecular interactions of these nanoparticles are probed at high resolution by magic angle spinning solid-state NMR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Io
- College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
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22
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Nokhodchi A, Okwudarue ON, Valizadeh H, Momin MN. Cogrinding as a tool to produce sustained release behavior for theophylline particles containing magnesium stearate. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:1243-51. [PMID: 19862623 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the cogrinding technique as a tool to slow down the drug release from capsule formulations. To this end, the physical mixtures of theophylline-magnesium stearate were prepared and subjected to different milling times (1, 15, 30, 120 min). In order to investigate the effect of magnesium stearate concentration on drug release, various concentrations of magnesium stearate (1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%, w/w) were used. The dissolution rate of the drug from coground samples and physical mixtures were determined at pH 6.5 according to USP. The results showed that all coground formulations showed slower release rates than their physical mixture counterparts. The effect of cogrinding time on the drug release was complex. Cogrinding time had no significant effect on drug release when the amount of magnesium stearate was 1% (w/w). When the amount of magnesium stearate was increased from 1% to 3% and cogrinding time increased from 1 to 5 min, there was a significant reduction in drug release. Beyond 5-min cogrinding, the drug release increased again. For coground samples containing 5% or 10% (w/w) magnesium stearate, generally, the highest drug release was obtained at higher cogrinding time. This was due to a significant increase in surface area of particles available for dissolution as proven by scanning electron microscopy results. Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry results ruled out any significant interaction between theophylline and magnesium stearate in solid state.
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Brouwers J, Brewster ME, Augustijns P. Supersaturating Drug Delivery Systems: The Answer to Solubility-Limited Oral Bioavailability? J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:2549-72. [PMID: 19373886 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 725] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Brouwers
- Laboratory for Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Gasthuisberg O/N 2 - Herestraat 49, Box 921, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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