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Mansury D, Ghazvini K, Amel Jamehdar S, Badiee A, Tafaghodi M, Nikpoor AR, Amini Y, Jaafari MR. Enhancement of the effect of BCG vaccine against tuberculosis using DDA/TDB liposomes containing a fusion protein of HspX, PPE44, and EsxV. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:370-377. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1557674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davood Mansury
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeid Amel Jamehdar
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Tafaghodi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Reza Nikpoor
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yousef Amini
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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2
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Aggarwal R, Singh S, Saini V, Kaur G. Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Surface and Thermal Properties and Cytotoxicity of 2-Hydroxy-3-Phenoxypropyl Imidazolium Bola-Type Gemini Amphiphiles. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Sponsored-Centre for Advance Studies-I; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar 143 005 India
| | - Sukhprit Singh
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Sponsored-Centre for Advance Studies-I; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar 143 005 India
| | - Vedangana Saini
- Department of Biotechnology; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar 143 005 India
| | - Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar 143 005 India
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3
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Ou N, Sun Y, Zhou S, Gu P, Liu Z, Bo R, Hu Y, Liu J, Wang D. Evaluation of optimum conditions for Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides encapsulated in cubosomes and immunological activity in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 109:748-760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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De Serrano LO, Burkhart DJ. Liposomal vaccine formulations as prophylactic agents: design considerations for modern vaccines. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:83. [PMID: 29149896 PMCID: PMC5693489 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccinology is one of the most important cornerstones in modern medicine, providing better quality of life. The human immune system is composed of innate and adaptive immune processes that interplay when infection occurs. Innate immunity relies on pathogen-associated molecular patterns which are recognized by pathogen recognition receptors localized in antigen presenting cells. After antigen processing and presentation, CD4+ T cell polarization occurs, further leading to B cell and CD8+ activation and humoral and cell-mediated adaptive immune responses. Liposomes are being employed as vaccine technologies and their design is of importance to ensure proper immune responses. Physicochemical parameters like liposome size, charge, lamellarity and bilayer fluidity must be completely understood to ensure optimal vaccine stability and efficacy. Liposomal vaccines can be developed to target specific immune cell types for the induction of certain immune responses. In this review, we will present promising liposomal vaccine approaches for the treatment of important viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections (including tuberculosis, TB). Cationic liposomes are the most studied liposome types due to their enhanced interaction with the negatively charged immune cells. Thus, a special section on the cationic lipid dimethyldioctadecylammonium and TB is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis O. De Serrano
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812 USA
| | - David J. Burkhart
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812 USA
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5
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Sakurai Y, Hada T, Harashima H. Scalable preparation of poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted siRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles using a commercially available fluidic device and tangential flow filtration. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:1086-1096. [PMID: 28157422 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1291297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
While a number of siRNA delivery systems have been developed, the methods used in their preparation are not suitable for large-scale production. We herein report on methodology for the large-scale preparation of liposomal siRNA using a fluidic device and tangential flow filtration (TFF). A number of studies have appeared on the use of fluidic devices for preparing and purifying liposomes, but no systematic information regarding appropriate membrane type of commercially available apparatus is available. The findings reported herein indicate that, under optimized conditions, a microfluidic device and TFF can be used to produce siRNA lipid nanoparticles with the same characteristics as traditional ones'. The in vivo silencing efficiency of these lipid nanoparticles in the liver was comparable to laboratory-produced nanoparticles. In addition, con-focal laser scanning microscopy analyses revealed that they accumulated in the liver accumulation at the same levels as particles produced by batch-type and continuous-type procedures. This methodology has the potential to contribute to the advancement of this process from basic research to clinical studies of liposomal DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sakurai
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Tomoya Hada
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
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6
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Bo R, Zheng S, Xing J, Luo L, Niu Y, Huang Y, Liu Z, Hu Y, Liu J, Wu Y, Wang D. The immunological activity of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides liposome in vitro and adjuvanticity against PCV2 in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 85:294-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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7
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Kastner E, Hussain MJ, Bramwell VW, Christensen D, Perrie Y. Correlating liposomal adjuvant characteristics to in-vivo cell-mediated immunity using a novel M
ycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein: a multivariate analysis study. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015; 67:450-63. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
In this study, we have used a chemometrics-based method to correlate key liposomal adjuvant attributes with in-vivo immune responses based on multivariate analysis.
Methods
The liposomal adjuvant composed of the cationic lipid dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) and trehalose 6,6-dibehenate (TDB) was modified with 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine at a range of mol% ratios, and the main liposomal characteristics (liposome size and zeta potential) was measured along with their immunological performance as an adjuvant for the novel, postexposure fusion tuberculosis vaccine, Ag85B–ESAT-6-Rv2660c (H56 vaccine). Partial least square regression analysis was applied to correlate and cluster liposomal adjuvants particle characteristics with in-vivo derived immunological performances (IgG, IgG1, IgG2b, spleen proliferation, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ).
Key findings
While a range of factors varied in the formulations, decreasing the 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine content (and subsequent zeta potential) together built the strongest variables in the model. Enhanced DDA and TDB content (and subsequent zeta potential) stimulated a response skewed towards a cell mediated immunity, with the model identifying correlations with IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-6.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates the application of chemometrics-based correlations and clustering, which can inform liposomal adjuvant design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kastner
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Jubair Hussain
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Dennis Christensen
- Department Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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8
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Ren C, Wang F, Zhang Z, Nie H, Li N, Cui M. Synthesis, surface activity and aggregation behavior of Gemini imidazolium surfactants 1,3-bis(3-alkylimidazolium-1-yl) propane bromide. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Nahak P, Karmakar G, Roy B, Guha P, Sapkota M, Koirala S, Chang CH, Panda AK. Physicochemical studies on local anaesthetic loaded second generation nanolipid carriers. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16434b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Effect of drug concentration on different properties of NLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasant Nahak
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling-734013
- India
| | - Gourab Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling-734013
- India
| | - Biplab Roy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling-734013
- India
| | - Pritam Guha
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling-734013
- India
| | - Manish Sapkota
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Himalayan Pharmacy Institute
- India
| | - Suraj Koirala
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Himalayan Pharmacy Institute
- India
| | - Chien-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tianan
- Taiwan
| | - Amiya Kumar Panda
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling-734013
- India
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Carneiro C, Correia A, Collins T, Vilanova M, Pais C, Gomes AC, Real Oliveira MEC, Sampaio P. DODAB:monoolein liposomes containing Candida albicans cell wall surface proteins: A novel adjuvant and delivery system. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 89:190-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Chai J, Zhang H, Liu N, Liu N, Chai H, Liu Z. Comparison Between Phase Behavior of Gemini Imidazoliums and Monomeric Ionic Liquid Surfactants in W/O Microemulsion Systems. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2014.890108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Kaur R, Henriksen-Lacey M, Wilkhu J, Devitt A, Christensen D, Perrie Y. Effect of incorporating cholesterol into DDA:TDB liposomal adjuvants on bilayer properties, biodistribution, and immune responses. Mol Pharm 2013; 11:197-207. [PMID: 24171445 DOI: 10.1021/mp400372j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an abundant component of mammalian cell membranes and has been extensively studied as an artificial membrane stabilizer in a wide range of phospholipid liposome systems. In this study, the aim was to investigate the role of cholesterol in cationic liposomal adjuvant system based on dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) and trehalose 6,6'-dibehenate (TDB) which has been shown as a strong adjuvant system for vaccines against a wide range of diseases. Packaging of cholesterol within DDA:TDB liposomes was investigated using differential scanning calorimetery and surface pressure-area isotherms of lipid monolayers; incorporation of cholesterol into liposomal membranes promoted the formation of a liquid-condensed monolayer and removed the main phase transition temperature of the system, resulting in an increased bilayer fluidity and reduced antigen retention in vitro. In vivo biodistribution studies found that this increase in membrane fluidity did not alter deposition of liposomes and antigen at the site of injection. In terms of immune responses, early (12 days after immunization) IgG responses were reduced by inclusion of cholesterol; thereafter there were no differences in antibody (IgG, IgG1, IgG2b) responses promoted by DDA:TDB liposomes with and without cholesterol. However, significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma were induced by DDA:TDB liposomes, and liposome uptake by macrophages in vitro was also shown to be higher for DDA:TDB liposomes compared to their cholesterol-containing counterparts, suggesting that small changes in bilayer mechanics can impact both cellular interactions and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randip Kaur
- Medicines Research Unit, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University , Birmingham, B4 7ET United Kingdom
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13
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Perrie Y, Kastner E, Kaur R, Wilkinson A, Ingham AJ. A case-study investigating the physicochemical characteristics that dictate the function of a liposomal adjuvant. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:1374-81. [PMID: 23584249 DOI: 10.4161/hv.24694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A range of particulate delivery systems have been considered as vaccine adjuvants. Of these systems, liposomes offer a range of advantages including versatility and flexibility in design format and their ability to incorporate a range of immunomodulators and antigens. Here we briefly outline research, from within our laboratories, which focused on the systematic evaluation of cationic liposomes as vaccines adjuvants. Our aim was to identify physicochemical characteristics that correlate with vaccine efficacy, with particular consideration of the interlink between depot-forming action and immune responses. A variety of parameters were investigated and over a range of studies we have confirmed that cationic liposomes, based on dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide and trehalose 6,6'-dibehenate formed a depot at the injection site, which stimulates recruitment of antigen presenting cells to the injection site and promotes strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Physicochemical factors which promote a strong vaccine depot include the combination of a high cationic charge and electrostatic binding of the antigen to the liposome system and the use of lipids with high transition temperatures, which form rigid bilayer vesicles. Reduction in vesicle size of cationic vesicles did not promote enhanced drainage from the injection site. However, reducing the cationic nature through substitution of the cationic lipid for a neutral lipid, or by masking of the charge using PEGylation, resulted in a reduced depot formation and reduced Th1-type immune responses, while Th2-type responses were less influenced. These studies confirm that the physicochemical characteristics of particulate-based adjuvants play a key role in the modulation of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Perrie
- School of Life and Health Sciences; Aston University; Birmingham, UK
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14
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Herrero-Vanrell R, Vicario de la Torre M, Andrés-Guerrero V, Barbosa-Alfaro D, Molina-Martínez I, Bravo-Osuna I. Nano and microtechnologies for ophthalmic administration, an overview. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(13)50016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Kamboj R, Singh S, Bhadani A, Kataria H, Kaur G. Gemini imidazolium surfactants: synthesis and their biophysiochemical study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:11969-78. [PMID: 22845861 DOI: 10.1021/la300920p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
New gemini imidazolium surfactants 9-13 have been synthesized by a regioselective epoxy ring-opening reaction under solvent-free conditions. The surface properties of these new gemini surfactants were evaluated by surface tension and conductivity measurements. These surfactants have been found to have low critical micelle concentration (cmc) values as compared to other categories of gemini cationic surfactants and also showed the tendency to form premicellar aggregates in solution at sufficiently low concentration below their cmc values. The thermal degradation of these surfactants was determined by thermograviometry analysis (TGA). These new cationic surfactants have a good DNA binding capability as determined by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide exclusion experiments. They have also been found to have low cytotoxicity by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay on the C6 glioma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Kamboj
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Sponsored-Centre of Advance Studies-1, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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16
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Zhang F, Shao W, Lin G. Development of Phosphatidylethanolamine Liposomes That Efficiently Retain Encapsulated Vinorelbine Bitartrate. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2011.567939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Wang L, Yang CQ, Wang J. Effects of loading procedures of magnetic nanoparticles on the structure and physicochemical properties of cisplatin magnetic liposomes. J Microencapsul 2012; 29:781-9. [PMID: 22657750 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.692397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different loading procedures of magnetic nanoparticles (MNs) on the structure and physicochemical properties of cisplatin magnetic liposomes were investigated by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. 1, 2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-Phosphocholine based cisplatin magnetic liposomes were prepared using two different procedures. In procedure I, MNs were combined with phospholipids during film formation; MNs were embedded in a phospholipid bilayer. In procedure II, MNs were mixed with drugs during hydration and MNs were contained in an interior aqueous compartment. The encapsulation efficiency of cisplain and the content of MN in procedure I liposomes were 33.5% ± 3.3% and 2.34 ± 0.09 mg mL(-1), respectively. It indicated that the deliberate MN loading into the liposome structure was not only successful using procedure I, but also superior over procedure II both in cisplatin encapsulation efficiency and MN content, which can promote the magnetic targeting effect of magnetic liposomes during delivering cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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18
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The application of monolayer studies in the understanding of liposomal formulations. Int J Pharm 2011; 417:235-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Bhadani A, Kataria H, Singh S. Synthesis, characterization and comparative evaluation of phenoxy ring containing long chain gemini imidazolium and pyridinium amphiphiles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 361:33-41. [PMID: 21676409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two series of phenoxy ring containing long chain imidazolium and pyridinium based gemini amphiphiles have been synthesized from renewable cardanol oil having different spacers (i. e. -S-(CH(2))(n)-S-, where n is 2, 3, 4 & 6). Critical micelle concentration (cmc) of these new gemini amphiphiles has been determined by conductivity method. Further, these new cationic amphiphiles have been evaluated for their DNA binding capability by agarose gel electrophoresis, ethidium bromide exclusion experiments and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cytotoxicity of these new amphiphiles have been evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Comparative studies of these phenoxy ring containing long chain gemini imidazolium amphiphiles and their pyridinium analogues depicted low cmc values of the later but greater DNA interaction capability and low cytotoxicity of the former series of amphiphiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Bhadani
- Department of Chemistry-UGC Sponsored-Centre of Advance Studies-I, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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20
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Huang W, Zhang C. Assembly and characterization of lipid-lipid binding protein particles. J Biotechnol 2011; 154:60-7. [PMID: 21540063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-protein complexes, lipoplexes, are currently of great interest because of their immunogenic, gene free, and low cost properties. For their applications as potential vaccines, it is critical to display a target protein on the surface of lipoplex particles to allow external interactions to take place. However, how to effectively assemble lipoplexes with target proteins externally accessible is a constant challenge. In this study, human liver fatty acid binding protein 1 (hl-FABP1) was used as a model protein in lipoplex assembly with a non-lipid binding protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), serving as a comparison. The protein-lipid particles were assembled by four different processes and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), flow cytometry (FCM), and a modified ELISA. Results indicate that by incubating the target protein with pre-formed liposomes at a temperature higher than all transition temperatures (T(m)) of the lipids used through an extended period of time, 1.48×10(-6)nmol per lipoplex of incorporated proteins can be detected by ELISA and are externally accessible. Additional experiments showed that most of those externally accessible proteins are likely embedded in the lipid bilayer structure and are not subject to dissociation from the lipoplex particles at elevated salt concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
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