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Rasool M, Mazhar D, Afzal I, Zeb A, Khan S, Ali H. In vitro and in vivo characterization of Miconazole Nitrate loaded transethosomes for the treatment of Cutaneous Candidiasis. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123563. [PMID: 37907141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to fabricate Miconazole Nitrate transethosomes (MCZN TESs) embedded in chitosan-based gel for the topical treatment of Cutaneous Candidiasis. A thin film hydration method was employed to formulate MCZN TESs. The prepared MCZN TESs were optimized and analyzed for their physicochemical properties including particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency (%EE), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), deformability, and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vitro release, skin permeation and deposition, skin irritation, antifungal assay, and in vivo efficacy against infected rats were evaluated. The optimized MCZN TESs showed PS of 224.8 ± 5.1 nm, ZP 21.1 ± 1.10 mV, PDI 0.207 ± 0.009, and % EE 94.12 ± 0.101 % with sustained drug release profile. Moreover, MCZN TESs Gel exhibited desirable pH, spreadability, and viscosity. Notably, the penetration and deposition capabilities of MCZN TESs Gel showed a 4-fold enhancement compared to MCZN TESs. Importantly, in vitro antifungal assay elaborated MCZN TESs Gel anti-fungal activity was 2.38-fold more compared to MCZN Gel. In vivo, studies showed a 1.5 times reduction in the duration of treatment MCZN TESs Gel treated animal group. Therefore, studies demonstrated that MCZN TESs could be a suitable drug delivery system with higher penetration and good antifungal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rasool
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Danish Mazhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Afzal
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Zeb
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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2
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Shultz JD, Leonardi GR, Bertolino SRA, Cuffini SL, Mohd H, Caritá AC, Luiz-Silva W, Shah P, Chambi WGT, Michniak-Kohn B. Design and development of raw clay-based formulations emulsions loaded with ascorbyl glucoside, in vitro evaluations on topical delivery and cell viability. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2023.2178452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jemima Daniela Shultz
- Medicine Department, Graduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Center for Dermal Research, The State University of New Jersey – Rutgers, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gislaine Ricci Leonardi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Campinas - Unicamp, Rua Cândido Portinari, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Lucia Cuffini
- Graduate Program in Material Science Engineering, Federal University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Hana Mohd
- Center for Dermal Research, The State University of New Jersey – Rutgers, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Amanda Costa Caritá
- Medicine Department, Graduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wanilson Luiz-Silva
- Department of Geology and Natural Resources, University of Campinas, Institute of Geosciences, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Parinbhai Shah
- Center for Dermal Research, The State University of New Jersey – Rutgers, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Wilma Gladis Ticona Chambi
- Carrera de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés UMSA, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Bozena Michniak-Kohn
- Center for Dermal Research, The State University of New Jersey – Rutgers, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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3
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Oyarzún P, Gallardo-Toledo E, Morales J, Arriagada F. Transfersomes as alternative topical nanodosage forms for the treatment of skin disorders. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:2465-2489. [PMID: 34706575 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Topical drug delivery is a promising approach to treat different skin disorders. However, it remains a challenge mainly due to the nature and rigidity of the nanosystems, which limit deep skin penetration, and the unsuccessful demonstration of clinical benefits; greater penetration by itself, does not ensure pharmacological success. In this context, transfersomes have appeared as promising nanosystems; deformability, their unique characteristic, allows them to pass through the epidermal microenvironment, improving the skin drug delivery. This review focuses on the comparison of transfersomes with other nanosystems (e.g., liposomes), discusses recent therapeutic applications for the topical treatment of different skin disorders and highlights the need for further studies to demonstrate significant clinical benefits of transfersomes compared with conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Oyarzún
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
| | - Eduardo Gallardo-Toledo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380494, Chile
| | - Javier Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380494, Chile
| | - Francisco Arriagada
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
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Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the synergistic effect of raloxifene loaded transfersomes for transdermal delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Patel D, Patel B, Thakkar H. Lipid Based Nanocarriers: Promising Drug Delivery System for Topical Application. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darshana Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara Gujarat 390 001 India
| | - Brijesh Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara Gujarat 390 001 India
| | - Hetal Thakkar
- Faculty of Pharmacy The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara Gujarat 390 001 India
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Rodríguez-Luna A, Talero E, Ávila-Román J, Romero AMF, Rabasco AM, Motilva V, González-Rodríguez ML. Preparation and In Vivo Evaluation of Rosmarinic Acid-Loaded Transethosomes After Percutaneous Application on a Psoriasis Animal Model. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:103. [PMID: 33712964 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The topical use of rosmarinic acid (RA) in skin inflammatory pathologies is restricted due to its poor water solubility, poor permeability, and chemical instability. In this study, RA-loaded transethosomes-in-Carbopol® formulations have been developed to evaluate its anti-inflammatory activity on imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice. In vitro release profiles demonstrated sustained behavior due to the retentive action of gel and the entrapment of RA into the vesicles. However, the low viscosity of the combined formulation increased the drug release rate. Animal evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity demonstrated that transethosomes-in-gel containing dexamethasone (Dex-TE-Gel), as positive control, showed effect in all the pro-inflammatory parameters evaluated, evidencing that these drug-loaded nanocarriers have been effectively reached the site of action. In addition, transethosomes-in-gel containing RA (RA-TE-Gel) formulations produced a great reduction in the punch edema (P < 0.001) and in TNF-α and IL-6 (P < 0.05). However, non-significant differences were obtained for IL-1β, IL17, and MPO. Despite the protecting effect of Carbopol® and transethosomes on oxidation index and antioxidant activity of RA over the 7 days of treatment, however, a degradation process of this antioxidant to caffeic acid may be the cause of these in vivo results. We have also checked that the pH existing into the intercellular space of damaged cells (pH 6.8) may be affecting. Therefore, our results suggest that RA-TE-Gel could act as an effective RA formulation for skin delivery; further studies will help to understand the loss of activity at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Talero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Ávila-Román
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ana María Fernández Romero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. García González, 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio M Rabasco
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. García González, 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - María Luisa González-Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. García González, 2, 41012, Seville, Spain.
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Batool S, Zahid F, Ud-Din F, Naz SS, Dar MJ, Khan MW, Zeb A, Khan GM. Macrophage targeting with the novel carbopol-based miltefosine-loaded transfersomal gel for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: in vitro and in vivo analyses. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:440-453. [PMID: 33615936 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1890768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop novel carbopol-based miltefosine-loaded transfersomal gel (HePCTG) for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) via efficient targeting of leishmania infected macrophages. METHODS Miltefosine-loaded transfersomes (HePCT) were prepared by ethanol injection method followed by their incorporation into carbopol gel to form HePCTG. The prepared HePCT were assessed for physicochemical properties including mean particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, morphology, and deformability. Similarly, HePCTG was evaluated for physiochemical and rheological attributes. The in vitro release, skin permeation, skin irritation, anti-leishmanial activity, and in vivo efficacy in BALB/c mice against infected macrophages were also performed for HePCT. RESULTS The optimized HePCT displayed a particle size of 168 nm with entrapment efficiency of 92%. HePCTG showed suitable viscosity, pH, and sustained release of the incorporated drug. Furthermore, HePCT and HePCTG demonstrated higher skin permeation than drug solution. The results of macrophage uptake study indicated improved drug intake by passive diffusion. The lower half maximal inhibitory concentration value, selectivity index and higher 50% cytotoxic concentration value of HePCT compared to that of HePC solution demonstrated the improved anti-leishmanial efficacy and non-toxicity of the formulation. This was further confirmed by the notable reduction in parasite load and lesion size observed in in vivo anti-leishmanial study. CONCLUSION It can be stated that the formulated HePCTG can effectively be used for the treatment of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibgha Batool
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Zahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar- Ud-Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Sohaila Naz
- Department of Nanosciences & Technology, National Centre for Physics, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid Dar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Alam Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Carvalheiro M, Vieira J, Faria-Silva C, Marto J, Simões S. Amphotericin B-loaded deformable lipid vesicles for topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis skin lesions. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:717-728. [PMID: 33534106 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00910-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), the most common clinical form of human leishmaniasis, is a non-fatal chronic and disabling disease characterized by erythema and nodular or ulcerative skin lesions that may cause permanent scars and disfigurement. Topical drug delivery represents a simple and efficacious approach to treat CL skin lesions. The association of drugs with nanocarrier systems enhances their permeation properties and increases the drug amount available in the dermis. Here, a deformable lipid vesicle (DLV) was optimized for the topical administration of Amphotericin B (AmB), with the aim of studying and understanding the advantages of this type of delivery system in the transport of a drug through the skin layers. AmB-DVL were characterized in terms of incorporation parameters, stability, and elasticity, and evaluated in vitro for their permeation properties, cytotoxicity, and anti-leishmanial activity. The AmB-DVL exhibited a translucent fluid gel-like aspect and a yellow color, a mean size of 132 nm (PdI ≤ 0.1), zeta potential values around zero (mV), and an AmB incorporation efficiency of 95%. Permeation and penetration assays suggest that AmB-DLV are suitable for topical administration since AmB was detected in the epidermal and dermal skin layers. AmB-DVL was able to reduce promastigote viability in a dose-dependent manner, as well as the number of intracellular amastigotes in THP-1 macrophages. Selectivity index (SI) value for AmB-DLV was considerably higher than that observed for free AmB. Results suggest that DLV may represent an attractive vehicle for dermal delivery of AmB and a new low-cost and safe therapeutic option in CL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Carvalheiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jennifer Vieira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Faria-Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Marto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Simões
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Mota AH, Duarte N, Serra AT, Ferreira A, Bronze MR, Custódio L, Gaspar MM, Simões S, Rijo P, Ascensão L, Faísca P, Viana AS, Pinto R, Kumar P, Almeida AJ, Reis CP. Further Evidence of Possible Therapeutic Uses of Sambucus nigra L. Extracts by the Assessment of the In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Its PLGA and PCL-Based Nanoformulations. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1181. [PMID: 33291738 PMCID: PMC7761993 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sambucus nigra L. is widely used in traditional medicine with different applications. However, confirmative studies are strongly required. This study aimed to assess the biological activities of the S. nigra flower's extract encapsulated into two different types of nanoparticles for optimizing its properties and producing further evidence of its potential therapeutic uses. Different nanoparticles (poly(lactide-co-glycolide, PLGA) and poly-Ɛ-caprolactone (PCL), both with oleic acid, were prepared by emulsification/solvent diffusion and solvent-displacement methods, respectively. Oleic acid was used as a capping agent. After the nanoparticles' preparation, they were characterized and the biological activities were studied in terms of collagenase, in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory, and in vitro cell viability. Rutin and naringenin were found to be the major phenolic compounds in the studied extract. The encapsulation efficiency was higher than 76% and revealed to have an impact on the release of the extract, mainly for the PLGA. Moreover, biochemical and histopathological analyses confirmed that the extract-loaded PLGA-based nanoparticles displayed the highest anti-inflammatory activity. In addition to supporting the previously reported evidence of potential therapeutic uses of S. nigra, these results could draw the pharmaceutical industry's interest to the novelty of the nanoproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Henriques Mota
- iMED, ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.M.); (N.D.); (M.R.B.); (M.M.G.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.J.A.)
| | - Noélia Duarte
- iMED, ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.M.); (N.D.); (M.R.B.); (M.M.G.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.J.A.)
| | - Ana Teresa Serra
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República, Estação Agronómica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.T.S.); (A.F.)
| | - António Ferreira
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República, Estação Agronómica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.T.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Maria Rosário Bronze
- iMED, ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.M.); (N.D.); (M.R.B.); (M.M.G.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.J.A.)
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República, Estação Agronómica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.T.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Maria Manuela Gaspar
- iMED, ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.M.); (N.D.); (M.R.B.); (M.M.G.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.J.A.)
| | - Sandra Simões
- iMED, ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.M.); (N.D.); (M.R.B.); (M.M.G.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.J.A.)
| | - Patrícia Rijo
- iMED, ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.M.); (N.D.); (M.R.B.); (M.M.G.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.J.A.)
| | - Lia Ascensão
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Pedro Faísca
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária—Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias/DNAtech Laboratório Veterinário, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Ana Silveira Viana
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Rui Pinto
- iMED, ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.M.); (N.D.); (M.R.B.); (M.M.G.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.J.A.)
- Joaquim Chaves Saude. Dr. Joaquim Chaves, Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, 1495-068 Miraflores-Algés, Portugal
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa;
| | - António José Almeida
- iMED, ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.M.); (N.D.); (M.R.B.); (M.M.G.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.J.A.)
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- iMED, ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.M.); (N.D.); (M.R.B.); (M.M.G.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.J.A.)
- IBEB, Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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10
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Progress in novel ultradeformable vesicular drug carrier in the topical and transdermal treatment of psoriasis. Ther Deliv 2020; 11:807-819. [PMID: 33267650 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2020-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition that is described by infected skin patches. Ultradeformable vesicles have been a novel carrier for the treatment of psoriasis in topical and transdermal therapy. The systemic route may induce adverse effects and the drug concentration may not be localized when applied topically to the psoriasis skin due to their physicochemical properties. These limitations can be overcome by a vesicular delivery system such as transferosomes. Research on transferosomes is ongoing. Transferosomes are flexible deformable vesicular structures, which consist of a bilayer softening agent such as an edge activator, which allows it to penetrate deeper dermal layers. This review outlines the use of transferosomes in the treatment of deeply rooted dermal disorders like psoriasis.
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11
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Mancuso A, Cristiano MC, Fresta M, Paolino D. The Challenge of Nanovesicles for Selective Topical Delivery for Acne Treatment: Enhancing Absorption Whilst Avoiding Toxicity. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9197-9210. [PMID: 33239876 PMCID: PMC7682599 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s237508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne is a common skin disease that affect over 80% of adolescents. It is characterized by inflammation of the hair bulb and the attached sebaceous gland. To date, many strategies have been used to treat acne as a function of the disease severity. However, common treatments for acne seem to show several side effects, from local irritation to more serious collateral effects. The use of topical vesicular carriers able to deliver active compounds is currently considered as an excellent approach in the treatment of different skin diseases. Many results in the literature have proven that drug delivery systems are useful in overcoming the toxicity induced by common drug therapies, while maintaining their therapeutic efficacy. Starting from these assumptions, the authors reviewed drug delivery systems already realized for the topical treatment of acne, with a focus on their limitations and advantages over conventional treatment strategies. Although their exact mechanism of permeation is not often completely clear, deformable vesicles seem to be the best solution for obtaining a specific delivery of drugs into the deeper skin layers, with consequent increased local action and minimized collateral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Mancuso
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro88100, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro88100, Italy
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro88100, Italy
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro88100, Italy
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12
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Ebada HMK, Nasra MMA, Elnaggar YSR, Abdallah OY. Novel rhein-phospholipid complex targeting skin diseases: development, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 11:1107-1118. [PMID: 32815084 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00833-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rhein (RH), an anthraquinone derivative, has proven to be a promising molecule for treating several skin disorders thanks to its pleiotropic pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer. However, RH's low water and oil solubility and poor skin permeability halted its topical delivery. This is the first work to investigate the expediency of tailoring a rhein-phospholipid complex (RH-PLC) to improve RH challenging physicochemical and skin permeability properties. The phospholipid complex was prepared by employing different methods and different RH/PL molar ratios. RH-PLC was successfully developed at a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 using a novel pH-dependent method where at a certain pH, it exhibits the highest complexation efficiency (95%). RH-PLC formation was confirmed using FTIR, DSC, and XRPD analysis. RH-PLC showed a significant increase in water and n-octanol solubility. RH-PLC was self-assembled upon dispersion into water forming nano-sized particles (196.6 ± 1.6 nm) with high negatively charged surface (- 29.7 ± 2.45 mV). RH-PLC exhibited a significant 3.3- and 2.46-fold increase in ex vivo and in vivo skin permeability when compared with RH suspension, respectively. Confocal microscopy study confirmed the ability of RH-PLC to penetrate deeply into rat skin. Besides, skin irritation test on healthy rats indicated compatibility and safety of RH-PLC. Conclusively, phospholipid complex might be a suitable approach to improve permeability of RH and other promising abandoned poor-permeable drugs. The proposed RH-PLC is expected to be a major progressive step toward the development of a topical RH formulation. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M K Ebada
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 Khartoum Square, Azarita, Messalla Post Office, P.O. Box 21521, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Maha M A Nasra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 Khartoum Square, Azarita, Messalla Post Office, P.O. Box 21521, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yosra S R Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 Khartoum Square, Azarita, Messalla Post Office, P.O. Box 21521, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ossama Y Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 Khartoum Square, Azarita, Messalla Post Office, P.O. Box 21521, Alexandria, Egypt
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13
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Filipczak N, Pan J, Yalamarty SSK, Torchilin VP. Recent advancements in liposome technology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 156:4-22. [PMID: 32593642 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The liposomes have continued to be well-recognized as an important nano-sized drug delivery system with attractive properties, such a characteristic bilayer structure assembling the cellular membrane, easy-to-prepare and high bio-compatibility. Extensive effort has been devoted to the development of liposome-based drug delivery systems during the past few decades. Many drug candidates have been encapsulated in liposomes and investigated for reduced toxicity and extended duration of therapeutic effect. The liposomal encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic small molecule therapeutics as well as other large molecule biologics have been established among different academic and industrial research groups. To date, there has been an increasing number of FDA-approved liposomal-based therapeutics together with more and more undergoing clinical trials, which involve a wide range of applications in anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral therapies. In order to meet the continuing demand for new drugs in clinics, more recent advancements have been investigated for optimizing liposomal-based drug delivery system with more reproducible preparation technique and a broadened application to novel modalities, including nucleic acid therapies, CRISPR/Cas9 therapies and immunotherapies. This review focuses on the recent liposome' preparation techniques, the excipients of liposomal formulations used in various novel studies and the routes of administration used to deliver liposomes to targeted areas of disease. It aims to update the research in liposomal delivery and highlights future nanotechnological approaches.
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Raminelli ACP, Rodrigues-Oliveira AF, Yokota R, Sumita JM, Oliveira-Silva D, Wambier CG, Bagatin E, Leonardi GR. Cutaneous absorption of tretinoin in 0.05% cream and 5% chemical peel formulas. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83:1483-1485. [PMID: 32229277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodrigo Yokota
- Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mayumi Sumita
- Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diogo Oliveira-Silva
- Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gustavo Wambier
- Department of Dermatology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
| | - Edileia Bagatin
- Department of Dermatology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Ricci Leonardi
- Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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15
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Samadi N, Aberoomand Azar P, Waqif Husain S, Maibach HI, Nafisi S. Experimental design in formulation optimization of vitamin K1 oxide-loaded nanoliposomes for skin delivery. Int J Pharm 2020; 579:119136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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16
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Kochar P, Nayak K, Thakkar S, Polaka S, Khunt D, Misra M. Exploring the potential of minoxidil tretinoin liposomal based hydrogel for topical delivery in the treatment of androgenic alopecia. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2020; 39:43-53. [DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2019.1694032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Kochar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Kritika Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Shreya Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Suryanarayan Polaka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Dignesh Khunt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Manju Misra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, India
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Praça FG, Viegas JSR, Peh HY, Garbin TN, Medina WSG, Bentley MVLB. Microemulsion co-delivering vitamin A and vitamin E as a new platform for topical treatment of acute skin inflammation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110639. [PMID: 32204073 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a water-in-oil microemulsion containing vitamin A (retinol) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol), which serves as a multifunctional nanosystem that co-delivers antioxidants and displayed additive effect against acute skin inflammation. Microemulsion (ME) was prepared by mixing a surfactant blend (Tween 80 and propylene glycol, 5:1) with isopropyl myristate and water (ratio of 50:40:10, respectively). Vitamin A (0.05% w/w concentration) and/or vitamin E (0.1% w/w concentration) were incorporated into the surfactant mixture of ME by stirring with a magnetic stirrer for 30 min. This multifunctional ME displayed physical stability, with low cytotoxicity in 3T3 cell line, as well as cellular internalization into the cytosol. In vivo treatments using ME delivering α-tocopherol reduced dermal expression of TNF-α by 1.3-fold (p < 0.01), when compared to unloaded ME treatment group. When retinol was added into the ME containing α-tocopherol, it further reduced TNF-α expression by 2-fold (p < 0.001), suggesting the additive effect of vitamin E and vitamin A in the treatment against skin inflammation. In conclusion, we successfully developed the use of water-in-oil ME to pack both vitamin E and vitamin A, and demonstrated for the first time its anti-inflammatory potential when applied topically to TPA-induced inflamed skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola Garcia Praça
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Santos Rosa Viegas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hong Yong Peh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Maria Vitoria Lopes Badra Bentley
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Oliveira D, de Andrade DF, de Oliveira EG, Beck RCR. Liquid chromatography method to assay tretinoin in skin layers: validation and application in skin penetration/retention studies. Heliyon 2019; 6:e03098. [PMID: 31909266 PMCID: PMC6940676 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A liquid chromatography (LC) method for the quantification of tretinoin (TTN) in different matrices (adhesive tape, cotton and porcine skin layers, stratum corneum, viable epidermis, and dermis) was validated and applied in in vitro porcine skin penetration/retention studies. This study proposes, for the first time, a method for assaying TTN in separated porcine skin layers (stratum corneum, viable epidermis, and dermis). The skin studies were carried out using tape stripping and cutaneous retention techniques. The procedures for the extraction of TTN from dermatological formulations (creams and gels) and biological and non-biological matrices used with the tape stripping and retention techniques were also evaluated. The LC method consisted of a mobile phase composed of a mixture of methanol, water, and glacial acetic acid (85:15:1, v/v); a C18 column used as the stationary phase; a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1; an injection volume of 100 μL; and TTN detection at 342 nm. The method was linear in the range of 0.05–15.00 μg mL−1 (r = 0.9999), and it was precise and accurate. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.0165 μg mL−1 and 0.0495 μg mL−1, respectively. TTN was extracted from different matrices, showing good precision [relative standard deviation (RSD) of <5%] and accuracy (89.4–113.9%). This method was successfully applied in the evaluation of TTN skin retention/permeation from dermatological formulations (cream and gel). A higher penetration of TTN through the skin was achieved with the gel rather than the cream, showing the influence of the dosage form. Therefore, the developed method can easily be applied in porcine skin penetration/retention studies of dermatological formulations containing TTN, and it is able to discriminate the behaviours of the different formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileusa de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Fontana de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Edilene Gadelha de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Ternullo S, Gagnat E, Julin K, Johannessen M, Basnet P, Vanić Ž, Škalko-Basnet N. Liposomes augment biological benefits of curcumin for multitargeted skin therapy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 144:154-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Transferosomes as nanocarriers for drugs across the skin: Quality by design from lab to industrial scale. Int J Pharm 2019; 573:118817. [PMID: 31678520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Transferosomes, also known as transfersomes, are ultradeformable vesicles for transdermal applications consisting of a lipid bilayer with phospholipids and an edge activator and an ethanol/aqueous core. Depending on the lipophilicity of the active substance, it can be encapsulated within the core or amongst the lipid bilayer. Compared to liposomes, transferosomes are able to reach intact deeper regions of the skin after topical administration delivering higher concentrations of active substances making them a successful drug delivery carrier for transdermal applications. Most transferosomes contain phosphatidylcholine (C18) as it is the most abundant lipid component of the cell membrane, and hence, it is highly tolerated for the skin, decreasing the risk of undesirable effects, such as hypersensitive reactions. The most common edge activators are surfactants such as sodium deoxycholate, Tween® 80 and Span® 80. Their chain length is optimal for intercalation within the C18 phospholipid bilayer. A wide variety of drugs has been successfully encapsulated within transferosomes such as phytocompounds like sinomenine or apigenin for rheumatoid arthritis and leukaemia respectively, small hydrophobic drugs but also macromolecules like insulin. The main factors to develop optimal transferosomal formulations (with high drug loading and nanometric size) are the optimal ratio between the main components as well as the critical process parameters for their manufacture. Application of quality by design (QbD), specifically design of experiments (DoE), is crucial to understand the interplay among all these factors not only during the preparation at lab scale but also in the scale-up process. Clinical trials of a licensed topical ketoprofen transferosomal gel have shown promising results in the alleviation of symptons in orthreothritis with non-severe skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders. However, the product was withdrawn from the market which probably was related to the higher cost of the medicine linked to the expensive manufacturing process required in the production of transferosomes compared to other conventional gel formulations. This example brings out the need for a careful formulation design to exploit the best properties of this drug delivery system as well as the development of manufacturing processes easily scalable at industrial level.
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21
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Latter G, Grice JE, Mohammed Y, Roberts MS, Benson HAE. Targeted Topical Delivery of Retinoids in the Management of Acne Vulgaris: Current Formulations and Novel Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E490. [PMID: 31554188 PMCID: PMC6835300 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory pilosebaceous condition that affects 80-90% of adolescents. Since the introduction of tretinoin over 40 years ago, topical retinoid products have been a mainstay of acne treatment. The retinoids are very effective in addressing multiple aspects of the acne pathology as they are comedolytic and anti-inflammatory, and do not contribute to antibiotic resistance or microbiome disturbance that can be associated with long-term antibiotic therapies that are a common alternative treatment. However, topical retinoids are associated with skin dryness, erythema and pain, and may exacerbate dermatitis or eczema. Thus, there is a clear need to target delivery of the retinoids to the pilosebaceous units to increase efficacy and minimise side effects in surrounding skin tissue. This paper reviews the current marketed topical retinoid products and the research that has been applied to the development of targeted topical delivery systems of retinoids for acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Latter
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia.
| | - Jeffrey E Grice
- Therapeutics Research Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4109, Australia.
| | - Yousuf Mohammed
- Therapeutics Research Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4109, Australia.
| | - Michael S Roberts
- Therapeutics Research Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4109, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide 5011, Australia.
| | - Heather A E Benson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia.
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22
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Ternullo S, Basnet P, Holsæter AM, Flaten GE, de Weerd L, Škalko-Basnet N. Deformable liposomes for skin therapy with human epidermal growth factor: The effect of liposomal surface charge. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 125:163-171. [PMID: 30300691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The topical administration of exogenous human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) is a promising approach for improved chronic wound therapy. To develop therapeutically superior hEGF formulation, we prepared hEGF-containing neutral (NDLs), cationic (CDLs) and anionic (ADLs) deformable liposomes (DLs), respectively, since it is expected that the liposomal surface charge can affect both the liposomal physicochemical properties, their skin penetration potential and therapeutic efficacy of liposome-associated drug. All prepared liposomes were of similar size (300-350 nm) with high hEGF load (~80% entrapment efficacy). Among the studied DLs, ADLs were found to be most promising for sustained release of hEGF, as assessed in vitro using the polyamide membrane. Ex vivo studies revealed that all DLs were excellent systems for skin therapy with hEGF and no penetration of hEGF through the full thickness human skin was detected. ADLs provided a depot exhibiting the highest hEGF retention onto the human skin surface. ADLs also revealed enhanced mitogenic activities in human fibroblasts compared to both NDLs and CDLs after 48 hrs treatment. Moreover, hEGF-containing ADLs significantly enhanced mitogenic activity in fibroblast as compared to activity of hEGF solution (positive control). Similar trends were observed in human keratinocytes after 24 hrs of treatment. We proved that the liposomal surface charge affects the therapeutic potential of hEGF-containing liposomes. hEGF-containing ADLs can be a promising nanosystem-based formulation for localized therapy of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selenia Ternullo
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Purusotam Basnet
- IVF Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of North Norway, Sykehusvegen 38, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ann Mari Holsæter
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gøril Eide Flaten
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Louis de Weerd
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Sykehusvegen 38, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; Research Group for Medical Imaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nataša Škalko-Basnet
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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23
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Formulation and evaluation of spray dried liposomes of lopinavir for topical application. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-018-0403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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A practical framework for implementing Quality by Design to the development of topical drug products: Nanosystem-based dosage forms. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:385-399. [PMID: 29953928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Skin has been increasingly recognized as an important drug administration route with topical formulations, offering a targeted approach for the treatment of several dermatological disorders. The effectiveness of this route is hampered by its natural barrier, the stratum corneum (SC), and hence, different strategies have been investigated to improve percutaneous drug transport. The design of nanodelivery systems, aiming at solving skin delivery issues, have been largely explored, due to their potential to revolutionize dermal therapies, improving therapeutic effectiveness and reducing side effects. Apart from nanosystem benefits, the fulfilment of the reproducibility requirements and quality standards still limit their industrial production. The optimization of nanosystem formulation and manufacturing process is complex, usually involving a large number of variables. Therefore, a science- and risk-oriented approach, such as Quality by Design (QbD) will provide a comprehensive and noteworthy knowledge, yielding high quality drug products without extensive regulatory burden. This review aims to set up the basis for QbD development approach, encompassing preliminary and systematic risk assessments, with critical process parameters (CPPs) and critical material attributes (CMAs) identification, of different nanosystems potentially used in dermal therapies.
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25
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Lin H, Xie Q, Huang X, Ban J, Wang B, Wei X, Chen Y, Lu Z. Increased skin permeation efficiency of imperatorin via charged ultradeformable lipid vesicles for transdermal delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:831-842. [PMID: 29467573 PMCID: PMC5811179 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s150086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this work was to develop a novel vesicular carrier, ultradeformable liposomes (UDLs), to expand the applications of the Chinese herbal medicine, imperatorin (IMP), and increase its transdermal delivery. Methods In this study, we prepared IMP-loaded UDLs using the thin-film hydration method and evaluated their encapsulation efficiency, vesicle deformability, skin permeation, and the amounts accumulated in different depths of the skin in vitro. The influence of different charged surfactants on the properties of the UDLs was also investigated. Results The results showed that the UDLs containing cationic surfactants had high entrapment efficiency (60.32%±2.82%), an acceptable particle size (82.4±0.65 nm), high elasticity, and prolonged drug release. The penetration rate of IMP in cationic-UDLs was 3.45-fold greater than that of IMP suspension, which was the highest value among the vesicular carriers. UDLs modified with cationic surfactant also showed higher fluorescence intensity in deeper regions of the epidermis. Conclusion The results of our study suggest that cationic surfactant-modified UDLs could increase the transdermal flux, prolong the release of the drug, and serve as an effective dermal delivery system for IMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchun Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Ban
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Wei
- Guangdong Shennong Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhufen Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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26
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Ross K. Towards topical microRNA-directed therapy for epidermal disorders. J Control Release 2017; 269:136-147. [PMID: 29133119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There remains an unmet dermatological need for innovative topical agents that achieve better longterm outcomes with fewer side effects. Modulation of the expression and activity of microRNA (miRNAs) represents an emerging translational framework for the development of such innovative therapies because changes in the expression of one miRNA can have wide-ranging effects on diverse cellular processes associated with disease. In this short review, the roles of miRNA in epidermal development, psoriasis, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and re-epithelisation are highlighted. Consideration is given to the delivery of oligonucleotides that mimic or inhibit miRNA function using vehicles such as cell penetrating peptides, spherical nucleic acids, deformable liposomes and liquid crystalline nanodispersions. Formulation of miRNA-directed oligonucleotides with such skin-penetrating epidermal agents will drive the development of RNA-based cutaneous therapeutics for deployment as primary or adjuvant therapies for epidermal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Ross
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom.
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27
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Potential enhancement and targeting strategies of polymeric and lipid-based nanocarriers in dermal drug delivery. Ther Deliv 2017; 8:967-985. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2017-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocarriers used for alternative drug-delivery strategies have gained interest due to improved penetration and delivery of drugs into specific regions of the skin in recent years. Dermal drug delivery via polymeric-based nanocarriers (polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers) and lipid-based nanocarriers (solid–lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers, vesicular nanocarriers including liposomes, niosomes, transfersomes and ethosomes) has been widely investigated. Although penetration of nanocarriers through the intact skin could be restricted, these carriers are particularly considered as feasible for the treatment of dermatological diseases in which the skin barrier is disrupted and also for follicular delivery of drugs for management of skin disorders such as acne. This review mainly highlights the recent approaches on potential penetration enhancement and targeting mechanisms of these nanocarriers.
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Elkomy MH, El Menshawe SF, Abou-Taleb HA, Elkarmalawy MH. Loratadine bioavailability via buccal transferosomal gel: formulation, statistical optimization, in vitro/in vivo characterization, and pharmacokinetics in human volunteers. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:781-791. [PMID: 28480758 PMCID: PMC8241167 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1321061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Loratadine (LTD) is an antihistaminic drug that suffers limited solubility, poor oral bioavailability (owing to extensive first-pass metabolism), and highly variable oral absorption. This study was undertaken to develop and statistically optimize transfersomal gel for transbuccal delivery of LTD. Transfersomes bearing LTD were prepared by conventional thin film hydration method and optimized using sequential Quality-by-Design approach that involved Placket-Burman design for screening followed by constrained simplex-centroid design for optimization of a Tween-80/Span-60/Span-80 mixture. The transferosomes were characterized for entrapment efficiency, particle size, and shape. Optimized transferosomes were incorporated in a mucoadhesive gel. The gel was characterized for rheology, ex vivo permeation across chicken pouch buccal mucosa, in vitro release, and mucoadhesion. Pharmacokinetic behavior of LTD formulations was investigated in healthy volunteers following administration of a single 10-mg dose. Optimal transferosomes characterized by submicron size (380 nm), spherical shape and adequate loading capacity (60%) were obtained by using quasi-equal ratio surfactant mixture. In terms of amount permeated, percentage released, and mucoadhesion time, the transferosomal gel proved superior to control, transferosome-free gel. Bioavailability of the transferosomal gel was comparable to Claritin® oral tablets. However, inter-individual variability in Cmax and AUC was reduced by 76 and 90%, respectively, when the buccal gel was used. Linear Correlation of in vitro release with in vivo buccal absorption fractions was established with excellent correlation coefficient (R2>0.97). In summary, a novel buccal delivery system for LTD was developed. However, further clinical investigation is warranted to evaluate its therapeutic effectiveness and utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H. Elkomy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt and
| | - Shahira F. El Menshawe
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt and
| | - Heba A. Abou-Taleb
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa H. Elkarmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Praça FSG, Medina WSG, Eloy JO, Petrilli R, Campos PM, Ascenso A, Bentley MVLB. Evaluation of critical parameters for in vitro skin permeation and penetration studies using animal skin models. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 111:121-132. [PMID: 28951120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In vitro skin permeation/penetration studies may be affected by many sources of variation. Herein, we aimed to investigate the major critical procedures of in vitro skin delivery studies. These experiments were performed with model drugs according to official guidelines. The influence of skin source on penetration studies was studied as well as the use of a cryopreservation agent on skin freezing evaluated by transepidermal water loss, electrical resistance, permeation/penetration profiles and histological changes of the skin. The best condition for tape stripping procedure was validated through the evaluation of the distribution of corneocytes, mass of stratum corneum (SC) removed and amount of protein removed using finger pressure, a 2kg weight and a roller. The interchangeability of the tape stripping procedures followed by the epidermis and dermis homogenate and the micrometric horizontal cryostat skin sectioning methods were also investigated, besides the effect of different formulations. Noteworthy, different skin sources were able to ensure reliable interchangeability for in vitro permeation studies. Furthermore, an increased penetration was obtained for stored frozen skin compared to fresh skin, even with the addition of a cryoprotectant agent. The best method for tape stripping was the finger pressure followed by the addition of a propylene glycol solvent leading to better SC removal. Finally, no significant difference was found in skin penetration studies performed by different methods suggesting their possible interchangeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola Silva Garcia Praça
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Josimar O Eloy
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Petrilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Mazureki Campos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Andreia Ascenso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, University of Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Maria Vitória L B Bentley
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Skin cancer: symptoms, mechanistic pathways and treatment rationale for therapeutic delivery. Ther Deliv 2017; 8:265-287. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2016-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a group of diseases categorized by abandoning escalation and multiplication of abnormal cells. Current topical treatments for skin cancer are mainly in the semisolid dosage forms of 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, etc. Many surgical treatments are also available these days for the treatment of skin cancer, for example, photodynamic therapy, which is approved by the US FDA. The stratum corneum is the main barrier against permeation of topical formulations developed for skin cancer treatment. Liposomes, thermosensitive stealth liposomes, nanoemulsions and polymeric lipid nanoparticles have been used by several researchers to increase skin permeability. In the present paper, major aspects of formulations developed for skin cancer, various types of skin cancer, its etiology and pathogenesis have been emphasized.
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Menezes AC, Campos PM, Euletério C, Simões S, Praça FSG, Bentley MVLB, Ascenso A. Development and characterization of novel 1-(1-Naphthyl)piperazine-loaded lipid vesicles for prevention of UV-induced skin inflammation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 104:101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lipid based noninvasive vesicular formulation of cytarabine: Nanodeformable liposomes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 88:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Marto J, Ascenso A, Simoes S, Almeida AJ, Ribeiro HM. Pickering emulsions: challenges and opportunities in topical delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1093-107. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1182489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Marto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Ascenso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Simoes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António J. Almeida
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena M. Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Bavarsad N, Akhgari A, Seifmanesh S, Salimi A, Rezaie A. Statistical optimization of tretinoin-loaded penetration-enhancer vesicles (PEV) for topical delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 24:7. [PMID: 26926453 PMCID: PMC4772491 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-016-0142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to develop and optimize deformable liposome for topical delivery of tretinoin. Methods Liposomal formulations were designed based on the full factorial design and prepared by fusion method. The influence of different ratio of soy phosphatidylcholine and transcutol (independent variables) on incorporation efficiency and drug release in 15 min and 24 h (responses) from liposomal formulations was evaluated. Liposomes were characterized for their vesicle size and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate changes in their thermal behavior. The penetration and retention of drug was determined using mouse skin. Also skin histology study was performed. Results Particle size of all formulations was smaller than 20 nm. Incorporation efficiency of liposomes was 79–93 %. Formulation F7 (25:5) showed maximum drug release. Optimum formulations were selected based on the contour plots resulted by statistical equations of drug release in 15 min and 24 h. Solubility properties of transcutol led to higher skin penetration for optimum formulations compared to tretinoin cream. There was no significant difference between the amount of drug retained in the skin by applying optimum formulations and cream. Histopatological investigation suggested optimum formulations could decrease the adverse effect of tretinoin in liposome compared to conventional cream. Conclusion According to the results of the study, it is concluded that deformable liposome containing transcutol may be successfully used for dermal delivery of tretinoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Bavarsad
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. .,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Abbas Akhgari
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Somayeh Seifmanesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Anayatollah Salimi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Annahita Rezaie
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Enhanced antioxidation via encapsulation of isooctyl p-methoxycinnamate with sodium deoxycholate-mediated liposome endocytosis. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:392-400. [PMID: 26453790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Isooctyl p-methoxycinnamate(OMC) is a commonly used chemical ultraviolet B sunscreen that suffers rapid degradation with current delivery systems following sun exposure. In this study, deoxycholate-mediated liposome (DOC-LS) endocytosis was employed to improve the antioxidation effects of OMC following topical administration, and the in vitro cell uptake was investigated to understand the enhanced cutaneous absorption of the drug via this nanocarrier. Following topical application, structural changes in the stratum corneum were identified. With the increase of DOC content, the drug deposition in skin decreased; from this, a DOC-LS formulation was selected that showed significantly more drug delivery in skin than did the other preparations (P<0.05). DOC-LS decreased skin resistance, suggesting its ability to induce skin barrier disruption. In vitro HaCaT keratinocyte cell uptake of coumarin-6 incorporated in the two types of phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles (i.e., LS or DOC-LS) yielded similar fluorescence intensities following incubation for different periods (P<0.05). However, CCC-ESF-1 embryonic fibroblast cell uptake of the fluorescence revealed time-dependence, and the emitted light from DOC-LS incubated cells was stronger than that from cells incubated with LS (P<0.05). These findings might be associated with the endocytic pathway of HaCaT, which mainly exhibited adsorption or physical adhesion of the fluorescent vesicles, whereas CCC-ESF-1 markedly internalized the PC vesicles via the lysosomes, as shown by intracellular fluorescence co-location studies. Following loading with the same amount of OMC, the DOC-LS vesicles exhibited superior skin tissue antioxidative capacity among the preparations tested, corroborating the in vivo skin drug deposition results. Thus, our results suggest that DOC-LS is a promising system for OMC dermal delivery without promoting skin irritation, which is quite advantageous for therapeutic purposes.
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Ascenso A, Raposo S, Batista C, Cardoso P, Mendes T, Praça FG, Bentley MVLB, Simões S. Development, characterization, and skin delivery studies of related ultradeformable vesicles: transfersomes, ethosomes, and transethosomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:5837-51. [PMID: 26425085 PMCID: PMC4583114 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s86186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultradeformable vesicles (UDV) have recently become a promising tool for the development of improved and innovative dermal and transdermal therapies. The aim of this work was to study three related UDV: transfersomes, ethosomes, and transethosomes for the incorporation of actives of distinct polarities, namely, vitamin E and caffeine, and to evaluate the effect of the carrier on skin permeation and penetration. These actives were incorporated in UDV formulations further characterized for vesicles imaging by transmission electron microscopy; mean vesicle size and polydispersity index by photon correlation spectroscopy; zeta potential by laser-Doppler anemometry; deformability by pressure-driven transport; and incorporation efficiency (IE) after actives quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography. Topical delivery studies were performed in order to compare UDV formulations regarding the release, skin permeation, and penetration profiles. All UDV formulations showed size values within the expected range, except transethosomes prepared by “transfersomal method”, for which size was smaller than 100 nm in contrast to that obtained for vesicles prepared by “ethosomal method”. Zeta potential was negative and higher for formulations containing sodium cholate. The IE was much higher for vitamin E- than caffeine-loaded UDV as expected. For flux measurements, the following order was obtained: transethosomes (TE) > ethosomes (E) ≥ transfersomes (T). This result was consistent with the release and skin penetration profiles for Vitamin E-loaded UDV. However, the releasing results were totally the opposite for caffeine-loaded UDV, which might be explained by the solubility and thermodynamic activity of this active in each formulation instead of the UDV deformability attending to the higher non-incorporated fraction of caffeine. Anyway, a high skin penetration and permeation for all caffeine-loaded UDV were obtained. Transethosomes were more deformable than ethosomes and transfersomes due to the presence of both ethanol and surfactant in their composition. All these UDV were suitable for a deeper skin penetration, especially transethosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Ascenso
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Raposo
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cátia Batista
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Mendes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fabíola Garcia Praça
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Simões
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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