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Abstract
Elastic or deformable liposomes are phospholipid-based vesicular drug delivery systems that help improve the delivery of therapeutic agents through the intact skin membrane due to their deformable characteristics that overcome the problems of conventional liposomes. In the present review, different types of deformable liposomes such as transfersomes, ethosomes, menthosomes, invasomes and transethosome are studied, and their mechanism of action, characterization, preparation methods, and applications in pharmaceutical technology through topical, transdermal, nasal and oral routes for effective drug delivery are compared for their potential transdermal delivery of poorly permeable drugs. Due to the deformable characteristics of these vehicles, it resulted in modulation of increased drug encapsulation efficiency, permeation and penetration of the drug into or through the skin membrane and are found to be more effective than conventional drug delivery systems. So deformable liposomes can, therefore, be considered as a promising way of delivering the drugs transdermally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vamshi Krishna Tippavajhala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Ternullo S, Basnet P, Holsæter AM, Flaten GE, de Weerd L, Škalko-Basnet N. Deformable liposomes for skin therapy with human epidermal growth factor: The effect of liposomal surface charge. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 125:163-171. [PMID: 30300691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The topical administration of exogenous human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) is a promising approach for improved chronic wound therapy. To develop therapeutically superior hEGF formulation, we prepared hEGF-containing neutral (NDLs), cationic (CDLs) and anionic (ADLs) deformable liposomes (DLs), respectively, since it is expected that the liposomal surface charge can affect both the liposomal physicochemical properties, their skin penetration potential and therapeutic efficacy of liposome-associated drug. All prepared liposomes were of similar size (300-350 nm) with high hEGF load (~80% entrapment efficacy). Among the studied DLs, ADLs were found to be most promising for sustained release of hEGF, as assessed in vitro using the polyamide membrane. Ex vivo studies revealed that all DLs were excellent systems for skin therapy with hEGF and no penetration of hEGF through the full thickness human skin was detected. ADLs provided a depot exhibiting the highest hEGF retention onto the human skin surface. ADLs also revealed enhanced mitogenic activities in human fibroblasts compared to both NDLs and CDLs after 48 hrs treatment. Moreover, hEGF-containing ADLs significantly enhanced mitogenic activity in fibroblast as compared to activity of hEGF solution (positive control). Similar trends were observed in human keratinocytes after 24 hrs of treatment. We proved that the liposomal surface charge affects the therapeutic potential of hEGF-containing liposomes. hEGF-containing ADLs can be a promising nanosystem-based formulation for localized therapy of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selenia Ternullo
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Purusotam Basnet
- IVF Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of North Norway, Sykehusvegen 38, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ann Mari Holsæter
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gøril Eide Flaten
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Louis de Weerd
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Sykehusvegen 38, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; Research Group for Medical Imaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nataša Škalko-Basnet
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Arroyo CM, Quinteros D, Cózar-Bernal MJ, Palma SD, Rabasco AM, González-Rodríguez ML. Ophthalmic administration of a 10-fold-lower dose of conventional nanoliposome formulations caused levels of intraocular pressure similar to those induced by marketed eye drops. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 111:186-94. [PMID: 28923571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the in vivo efficacy of several timolol (TM)-loaded liposomal formulations with current TM antiglaucoma treatment (aqueous 0.5% w/v eye drops). In this study, conventional liposomes (CL) and deformable liposomes, without (DL1) and with ethanol (DL2) were prepared and characterized. In addition, in vitro release and permeation studies, as well as in vivo lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) and biocompatibility studies were performed. It was found that the quali and quantitative lipid bilayer composition played a significant role in modifying the physical properties of vesicles. The deformability study and electronic microscopy images revealed that membrane elasticity of DL1 and DL2 was much higher than CL. However, in vitro permeation results showed that the flux and permeability coefficient were significantly higher in CL compared to DL. The IOP study revealed that TM-loaded CL showed the best pharmacological activity, in comparison to deformable vesicles. Compared to the eye drops, CL formulation could equally reduce the IOP but using a concentration 10-fold lower, whereas the effective time was significantly longer. In addition, the formulations showed no irritant effects after instillation on the ocular surface.
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Mennini N, Cirri M, Maestrelli F, Mura P. Comparison of liposomal and NLC (nanostructured lipid carrier) formulations for improving the transdermal delivery of oxaprozin: Effect of cyclodextrin complexation. Int J Pharm 2016; 515:684-691. [PMID: 27825863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The combined strategy of drug-cyclodextrin (CD) complexation and complex loading into nanocarriers (deformable liposomes or nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC)), was exploited to develop effective topical formulations for oxaprozin transdermal administration. Oxaprozin was loaded as ternary complex with randomly-methylated-ßCD and arginine, selected as the best system in improving drug solubility. The colloidal dispersions, characterized for particle size, zeta-potential and entrapment efficiency, were investigated for drug permeation properties in comparison with a plain drug aqueous suspension, a ternary complex aqueous solution and a plain drug liposomal or NLC dispersion. Experiments with artificial membranes showed that the joined use of CD and both liposomes or NLC enabled a marked increase of the drug permeability (16 and 8 times, respectively) and was significantly more effective (P<0.05) than the drug as ternary complex (3.2 times increase), and the corresponding liposomal or NLC dispersion of plain drug (5.6 and 4.3 times increase, respectively). Experiments with excised human skin confirmed the significantly (P<0.05) better performance of deformable liposomes than NLC in promoting drug permeation; moreover, they evidenced a more marked permeability increase compared to the plain drug (24 and 12 fold, respectively), attributed to a possible enhancer effect of the nanocarriers components and/or of the randomly-methylated-ßCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mennini
- Department of Chemistry, School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Florence, Italy
| | - M Cirri
- Department of Chemistry, School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Florence, Italy
| | - F Maestrelli
- Department of Chemistry, School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Florence, Italy
| | - P Mura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Florence, Italy.
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Chen H, Pan H, Li P, Wang H, Wang X, Pan W, Yuan Y. The potential use of novel chitosan-coated deformable liposomes in an ocular drug delivery system. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 143:455-462. [PMID: 27037783 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, novel chitosan-coated deformable liposomes (DL-CS) were proposed as an ocular drug delivery system to prolong pre-corneal retention, and improve transcorneal penetration and absorption. Flurbiprofen-loaded deformable liposomes (FP-DL) were prepared by a modified ethanol injection method and then coated with chitosan. Both DL and DL-CS exhibited a homogeneous particle size distribution, high encapsulation efficiency and good stability. After coating with 0.1% CS, the zeta potential was shifted from negative to positive. The apparent permeability coefficient of FP-DL-0.1% CS evaluated using isolated rabbit corneas was 1.29-, 1.95- and 4.59- fold greater than that of uncoated FP-DL, conventional liposomes and FP solution (P<0.01), respectively. The in vivo pre-corneal retention time and elimination dynamics were assessed using gamma scintigraphy technology. The area under the remaining activity-time of FP-DL-0.1% CS was prolonged 2.84- and 1.53-fold compared with that of the FP solution and FP-DL groups, respectively. Moreover, the ocular irritation test in vivo revealed that DL-0.1% CS produced no ocular damage or abnormal clinical signs. These results indicate that DL-CS appears to be a novel ophthalmic drug delivery strategy with the potential to overcome the limitations of conventional eye drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Hao Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Panpan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Weisan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yue Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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Li WZ, Hao XL, Zhao N, Han WX, Zhai XF, Zhao Q, Wang YE, Zhou YQ, Cheng YC, Yue YH, Fu LN, Zhou JL, Wu HY, Dong CJ. Propylene glycol-embodying deformable liposomes as a novel drug delivery carrier for vaginal fibrauretine delivery applications. J Control Release 2016; 226:107-14. [PMID: 26883754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to develop and characterize the fibrauretine (FN) loaded propylene glycol-embodying deformable liposomes (FDL), and evaluate the pharmacokinetic behavior and safety of FDL for vaginal drug delivery applications. FDL was characterized for structure, particle size, zeta potential, deformability and encapsulation efficiency; the ability of FDL to deliver FN across vagina tissue in vitro and the distribution behavior of FN in rat by vaginal drug delivery were investigated, the safety of FDL to the vagina of rabbits and rats as well as human vaginal epithelial cells (VK2/E6E7) were also evaluated. Results revealed that: (i) the FDL have a closed spherical shape and lamellar structure with a homogeneous size of 185±19nm, and exhibited a negative charge of -53±2.7mV, FDL also have a good flexibility with a deformability of 92±5.6 (%phospholipids/min); (ii) the dissolving capacity of inner water phase and hydrophilicity of phospholipid bilayers of deformable liposomes were increased by the presence of propylene glycol, this may be elucidated by the fluorescent probes both lipophilic Nile red and hydrophilic calcein that were filled up the entire volume of the FDL uniformly, so the FDL with a high entrapment capacity (were calculated as percentages of total drug) for FN was 78±2.14%; (iii) the permeability of FN through vaginal mucosa was obviously improved by propylene glycol-embodying deformable liposomes, no matter whether the FN loaded in liposomes or not, although FN loaded in liposomes caused the highest permeability and drug reservoir in vagina; (iv) the FN mainly aggregated in the vagina and uterus, then the blood, spleen, liver, kidney, heart and lungs for vaginal drug delivery, this indicating vaginal delivery of FDL have a better 'vaginal local targeting effect'; and (v) the results of safety evaluation illustrate that the FDL is non-irritant and well tolerated in vivo, thereby establishing its vaginal drug delivery potential. These results indicate that the propylene glycol-embodying deformable liposomes may be a promising drug delivery carrier for vaginal delivery of fibrauretine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ze Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, PR China; Center of Drug Research and Development, Yantai Weitenarui Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd., Yantai 264000, PR China
| | - Xu-Liang Hao
- Shanxi Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 034000, PR China
| | - Ning Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Wen-Xia Han
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Xi-Feng Zhai
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Life Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yu-E Wang
- Shanxi Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 034000, PR China
| | - Yong-Qiang Zhou
- Center of Drug Research and Development, Yantai Weitenarui Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd., Yantai 264000, PR China.
| | - Yu-Chuan Cheng
- Shanxi Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 034000, PR China
| | - Yong-Hua Yue
- Shanxi Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 034000, PR China
| | - Li-Na Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Ji-Lei Zhou
- Center of Drug Research and Development, Yantai Weitenarui Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd., Yantai 264000, PR China
| | - Hong-Yu Wu
- Center of Drug Research and Development, Yantai Weitenarui Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd., Yantai 264000, PR China
| | - Chun-Jing Dong
- Center of Drug Research and Development, Yantai Weitenarui Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd., Yantai 264000, PR China
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