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Nayeem MA, Geldenhuys WJ, Hanif A. Role of cytochrome P450-epoxygenase and soluble epoxide hydrolase in the regulation of vascular response. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 97:37-131. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Nayeem MA, Hanif A, Geldenhuys WJ, Agba S. Crosstalk between adenosine receptors and CYP450-derived oxylipins in the modulation of cardiovascular, including coronary reactive hyperemic response. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108213. [PMID: 35597366 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous nucleoside or autacoid that affects the cardiovascular system through the activation of four G-protein coupled receptors: adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR), adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR), adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR), and adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR). With the rapid generation of this nucleoside from cellular metabolism and the widespread distribution of its four G-protein coupled receptors in almost all organs and tissues of the body, this autacoid induces multiple physiological as well as pathological effects, not only regulating the cardiovascular system but also the central nervous system, peripheral vascular system, and immune system. Mounting evidence shows the role of CYP450-enzymes in cardiovascular physiology and pathology, and the genetic polymorphisms in CYP450s can increase susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). One of the most important physiological roles of CYP450-epoxygenases (CYP450-2C & CYP2J2) is the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA) into epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and epoxyoctadecaenoic acid (EpOMEs) which generally involve in vasodilation. Like an increase in coronary reactive hyperemia (CRH), an increase in anti-inflammation, and cardioprotective effects. Moreover, the genetic polymorphisms in CYP450-epoxygenases will change the beneficial cardiovascular effects of metabolites or oxylipins into detrimental effects. The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is another crucial enzyme ubiquitously expressed in all living organisms and almost all organs and tissues. However, in contrast to CYP450-epoxygenases, sEH converts EETs into dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHETs), EpOMEs into dihydroxyoctadecaenoic acid (DiHOMEs), and others and reverses the beneficial effects of epoxy-fatty acids leading to vasoconstriction, reducing CRH, increase in pro-inflammation, increase in pro-thrombotic and become less cardioprotective. Therefore, polymorphisms in the sEH gene (Ephx2) cause the enzyme to become overactive, making it more vulnerable to CVDs, including hypertension. Besides the sEH, ω-hydroxylases (CYP450-4A11 & CYP450-4F2) derived metabolites from AA, ω terminal-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (19-, 20-HETE), lipoxygenase-derived mid-chain hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5-, 11-, 12-, 15-HETEs), and the cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoids (prostaglandins: PGD2, PGF2α; thromboxane: Txs, oxylipins) are involved in vasoconstriction, hypertension, reduction in CRH, pro-inflammation and cardiac toxicity. Interestingly, the interactions of adenosine receptors (A2AAR, A1AR) with CYP450-epoxygenases, ω-hydroxylases, sEH, and their derived metabolites or oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs or oxylipins) is shown in the regulation of the cardiovascular functions. In addition, much evidence demonstrates polymorphisms in CYP450-epoxygenases, ω-hydroxylases, and sEH genes (Ephx2) and adenosine receptor genes (ADORA1 & ADORA2) in the human population with the susceptibility to CVDs, including hypertension. CVDs are the number one cause of death globally, coronary artery disease (CAD) was the leading cause of death in the US in 2019, and hypertension is one of the most potent causes of CVDs. This review summarizes the articles related to the crosstalk between adenosine receptors and CYP450-derived oxylipins in vascular, including the CRH response in regular salt-diet fed and high salt-diet fed mice with the correlation of heart perfusate/plasma oxylipins. By using A2AAR-/-, A1AR-/-, eNOS-/-, sEH-/- or Ephx2-/-, vascular sEH-overexpressed (Tie2-sEH Tr), vascular CYP2J2-overexpressed (Tie2-CYP2J2 Tr), and wild-type (WT) mice. This review article also summarizes the role of pro-and anti-inflammatory oxylipins in cardiovascular function/dysfunction in mice and humans. Therefore, more studies are needed better to understand the crosstalk between the adenosine receptors and eicosanoids to develop diagnostic and therapeutic tools by using plasma oxylipins profiles in CVDs, including hypertensive cases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Nayeem
- Faculties of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Ahmad Hanif
- Faculties of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Faculties of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stephanie Agba
- Graduate student, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Wagner KM, Yang J, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Deletion Limits High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:778470. [PMID: 34975481 PMCID: PMC8719166 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.778470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme is a major regulator of bioactive lipids. The enzyme is highly expressed in liver and kidney and modulates levels of endogenous epoxy-fatty acids, which have pleiotropic biological effects including limiting inflammation, neuroinflammation, and hypertension. It has been hypothesized that inhibiting sEH has beneficial effects on limiting obesity and metabolic disease as well. There is a body of literature published on these effects, but typically only male subjects have been included. Here, we investigate the role of sEH in both male and female mice and use a global sEH knockout mouse model to compare the effects of diet and diet-induced obesity. The results demonstrate that sEH activity in the liver is modulated by high-fat diets more in male than in female mice. In addition, we characterized the sEH activity in high fat content tissues and demonstrated the influence of diet on levels of bioactive epoxy-fatty acids. The sEH KO animals had generally increased epoxy-fatty acids compared to wild-type mice but gained less body weight on higher-fat diets. Generally, proinflammatory prostaglandins and triglycerides were also lower in livers of sEH KO mice fed HFD. Thus, sEH activity, prostaglandins, and triglycerides increase in male mice on high-fat diet but are all limited by sEH ablation. Additionally, these changes also occur in female mice though at a different magnitude and are also improved by knockout of the sEH enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Luo J, Hu S, Fu M, Luo L, Li Y, Li W, Cai Y, Dong R, Yang Y, Tu L, Xu X. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase alleviates insulin resistance and hypertension via downregulation of SGLT2 in the mouse kidney. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100667. [PMID: 33864813 PMCID: PMC8131320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) exerts beneficial effects on insulin resistance and/or hypertension. EETs could be readily converted to less biological active diols by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). However, whether sEH inhibition can ameliorate the comorbidities of insulin resistance and hypertension and the underlying mechanisms of this relationship are unclear. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were rendered hypertensive and insulin resistant through a high-fat and high-salt (HF–HS) diet. The sEH inhibitor, 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU), was used to treat mice (1 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks, followed by analysis of metabolic parameters. The expression of sEH and the sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) was markedly upregulated in the kidneys of mice fed an HF–HS diet. We found that TPPU administration increased kidney EET levels, improved insulin resistance, and reduced hypertension. Furthermore, TPPU treatment prevented upregulation of SGLT2 and the associated increased urine volume and the excretion of urine glucose and urine sodium. Importantly, TPPU alleviated renal inflammation. In vitro, human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) were used to further investigate the underlying mechanism. We observed that 14,15-EET or sEH knockdown or inhibition prevented the upregulation of SGLT2 upon treatment with palmitic acid or NaCl by inhibiting the inhibitory kappa B kinase α/β/NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, sEH inhibition by TPPU alleviated insulin resistance and hypertension induced by an HF–HS diet in mice. The increased urine excretion of glucose and sodium was mediated by decreased renal SGLT2 expression because of inactivation of the inhibitory kappa B kinase α/β/NF-κB–induced inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Luo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Division of Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuiqing Hu
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Menglu Fu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liman Luo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueting Cai
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruolan Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Tu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xizhen Xu
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China.
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Hamzaoui M, Roche C, Coquerel D, Duflot T, Brunel V, Mulder P, Richard V, Bellien J, Guerrot D. Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition Prevents Experimental Type 4 Cardiorenal Syndrome. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:604042. [PMID: 33777999 PMCID: PMC7991096 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.604042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of morbimortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to assess the cardiovascular impact of the pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which metabolizes the endothelium-derived vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHETs), in the 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) mouse model. Methods and Results: Compared to sham-operated mice, there was decrease in EET-to-DHET ratio 3 months after surgery in vehicle-treated Nx mice but not in mice treated with the sEH inhibitor t-AUCB. Nx induced an increase in plasma creatinine and in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio as well as the development of kidney histological lesions, all of which were not modified by t-AUCB. In addition, t-AUCB did not oppose Nx-induced blood pressure increase. However, t-AUCB prevented the development of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis induced by Nx, as well as normalized the echocardiographic indices of diastolic and systolic function. Moreover, the reduction in endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation of isolated mesenteric arteries induced by Nx was blunted by t-AUCB without change in endothelium-independent dilatation to sodium nitroprusside. Conclusion: Inhibition of sEH reduces the cardiac remodelling, and the diastolic and systolic dysfunctions associated with CKD. These beneficial effects may be mediated by the prevention of endothelial dysfunction, independent from kidney preservation and antihypertensor effect. Thus, inhibition of sEH holds a therapeutic potential in preventing type 4 cardiorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouad Hamzaoui
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France.,Nephrology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Clothilde Roche
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - David Coquerel
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Duflot
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France.,Pharmacology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Valery Brunel
- Biochemistry Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Paul Mulder
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Richard
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - Jérémy Bellien
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France.,Pharmacology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Dominique Guerrot
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France.,Nephrology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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Mori A, Yano E, Sakamoto K, Ishii K, Nakahara T. Role of Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids in Acetylcholine-Induced Dilation of Rat Retinal Arterioles in Vivo. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:82-87. [PMID: 33390554 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CYP epoxygenase-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) contribute to endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH)-related dilation in multiple vascular beds. The present study aimed to determine the role of EETs in the acetylcholine (ACh)-induced dilation of retinal arterioles in rats in vivo. The vasodilator responses were assessed by determining the change in diameter of the retinal arterioles on images of the ocular fundus. The intravitreal injection of 17-octadecynoic acid (1.4 nmol/eye), an inhibitor of CYP epoxygenase, and 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid (14,15-EE-5(Z)-E; 2 nmol/eye), an antagonist of EETs, reduced the ACh (0.3-10 µg/kg/min)-induced dilation of the retinal arterioles. The EET antagonist attenuated the vasodilator response to ACh under blockade of nitric oxide (NO) synthases and cyclooxygenases with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (30 mg/kg) plus indomethacin (5 mg/kg). Intravitreal injection of 14,15-EET (0.5 nmol/eye) dilated retinal arterioles and the response was prevented by iberiotoxin, an inhibitor of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels (20 pmol/eye). These results suggest that ACh stimulates the production of EETs, thereby dilating the retinal arterioles via activation of BKCa channels. CYP epoxygenase-derived EETs may be involved in the EDH-related component of the ACh-induced dilation of the retinal arterioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Mori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Erika Yano
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Kenji Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Kunio Ishii
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Tsutomu Nakahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Zhang J, Tu M, Liu Z, Zhang G. Soluble epoxide hydrolase as a therapeutic target for obesity-induced disorders: roles of gut barrier function involved. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 162:102180. [PMID: 33038829 PMCID: PMC7669660 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging research supports that soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme involved in eicosanoid metabolism, could be a promising target for obesity-associated disorders. The sEH enzyme is overexpressed in many tissues of obese animals. Genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of sEH attenuates the development of a wide range of obesity-induced disorders, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, metabolic syndrome, kidney diseases, insulin resistance, fatty liver, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, our recent research showed that genetic ablation or inhibition of sEH attenuated obesity-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and its resulted bacterial translocation, which is widely regarded to be a central mechanism for the pathogenesis of various obesity-induced disorders. Together, these results support that targeting sEH could be a promising strategy to reduce risks of obesity-induced disorders, at least in part through blocking obesity-induced leaky gut syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Maolin Tu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States; Department of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Nutrition and Cancer Prevention Laboratory, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States; Vitamins and Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States.
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Overby H, Yang Y, Xu X, Graham K, Hildreth K, Choi S, Wan D, Morisseau C, Zeldin DC, Hammock BD, Wang S, Bettaieb A, Zhao L. Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition by t-TUCB Promotes Brown Adipogenesis and Reduces Serum Triglycerides in Diet-Induced Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197039. [PMID: 32987880 PMCID: PMC7582898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an important target for obesity treatment and prevention. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) converts bioactive epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs) into less active diols. sEH inhibitors (sEHI) are beneficial in many chronic diseases by stabilizing EpFAs. However, roles of sEH and sEHI in brown adipogenesis and BAT activity in treating diet-induced obesity (DIO) have not been reported. sEH expression was studied in in vitro models of brown adipogenesis and the fat tissues of DIO mice. The effects of the sEHI, trans-4-{4-[3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-ureido]-cyclohexyloxy-benzoic acid (t-TUCB), were studied in vitro and in the obese mice via mini osmotic pump delivery. sEH expression was increased in brown adipogenesis and the BAT of the DIO mice. t-TUCB promoted brown adipogenesis in vitro. Although t-TCUB did not change body weight, fat pad weight, or glucose and insulin tolerance in the obese mice, it decreased serum triglycerides and increased protein expression of genes important for lipid metabolism in the BAT. Our results suggest that sEH may play a critical role in brown adipogenesis, and sEHI may be beneficial in improving BAT protein expression involved in lipid metabolism. Further studies using the sEHI combined with EpFA generating diets for obesity treatment and prevention are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Overby
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (H.O.); (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (K.G.); (K.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (H.O.); (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (K.G.); (K.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Xinyun Xu
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (H.O.); (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (K.G.); (K.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Katherine Graham
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (H.O.); (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (K.G.); (K.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Kelsey Hildreth
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (H.O.); (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (K.G.); (K.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Sue Choi
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (H.O.); (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (K.G.); (K.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.W.); (C.M.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.W.); (C.M.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Darryl C. Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.W.); (C.M.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (H.O.); (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (K.G.); (K.H.); (S.C.)
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +1-865-974-6267 (A.B.); +1-865-974-1833 (L.Z.)
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (H.O.); (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (K.G.); (K.H.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +1-865-974-6267 (A.B.); +1-865-974-1833 (L.Z.)
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Taguchi K, Tano I, Kaneko N, Matsumoto T, Kobayashi T. Plant polyphenols Morin and Quercetin rescue nitric oxide production in diabetic mouse aorta through distinct pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110463. [PMID: 32768953 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic vascular complications are associated with endothelial dysfunction. Various plant-derived polyphenols benefit cardiovascular function by protecting endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production through as yet unclear mechanisms. This study compared the effects of two structurally similar polyphenols, Morin (MO) and Quercetin (QU), on endothelial function in isolated aorta from control and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Vascular function under treatment with MO, QU, and various signaling pathway modulators was measured by isometric tension in an organ bath system, NO production by chemical assay and HPLC, and changes in protein signaling factor expression or activity by western blotting (WB). Both polyphenols acted as potent vasodilators and this effect was associated with increased phosphorylation of Akt and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). An Akt inhibitor blocked MO- and QU-induced vasorelaxation as well as Akt phosphorylation. However, inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) suppressed only QU-induced vasorelaxation, NO production, and AMPK phosphorylation. These results suggested that plant polyphenols MO and QU both promote eNOS-mediated NO production and vasodilation in diabetic aorta, MO via Akt pathway activation and QU via PI3K/Akt and AMPK pathway activation. Elucidation of these pathways may define effective therapeutic targets for diabetic vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Ikumi Tano
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kaneko
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
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Arad M, Waldman M, Abraham NG, Hochhauser E. Therapeutic approaches to diabetic cardiomyopathy: Targeting the antioxidant pathway. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 150:106454. [PMID: 32413571 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The global epidemic of cardiovascular disease continues unabated and remains the leading cause of death both in the US and worldwide. We hereby summarize the available therapies for diabetes and cardiovascular disease in diabetics. Clearly, the current approaches to diabetic heart disease often target the manifestations and certain mediators but not the specific pathways leading to myocardial injury, remodeling and dysfunction. Better understanding of the molecular events determining the evolution of diabetic cardiomyopathy will provide insight into the development of specific and targeted therapies. Recent studies largely increased our understanding of the role of enhanced inflammatory response, ROS production, as well as the contribution of Cyp-P450-epoxygenase-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), Heme Oxygenase (HO)-1 and 20-HETE in pathophysiology and therapy of cardiovascular disease. PGC-1α increases production of the HO-1 which has a major role in protecting the heart against oxidative stress, microcirculation and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review describes the potential drugs and their downstream targets, PGC-1α and HO-1, as major loci for developing therapeutic approaches beside diet and lifestyle modification for the treatment and prevention of heart disease associated with obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Arad
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Maayan Waldman
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Edith Hochhauser
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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11
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Savina Y, Duflot T, Bounoure F, Kotzki S, Thiebaut PA, Serreau PA, Skiba M, Picquenot JM, Cornic M, Morisseau C, Hammock B, Imbert L, Cracowski JL, Richard V, Roustit M, Bellien J. Impact of the acute local inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase on diabetic skin microcirculatory dysfunction. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2019; 16:523-529. [PMID: 31267765 PMCID: PMC7307659 DOI: 10.1177/1479164119860215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of the local inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase, which metabolizes vasodilator and anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosanoids, on diabetic skin microvascular dysfunction was assessed. In diabetic db/db mice, basal skin blood flow assessed using laser Doppler imaging was similar to that of control mice, but thermal hyperemia was markedly reduced. At 2 h after the topical administration of an aqueous gel containing the soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor trans-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-cyclohexyloxy]-benzoic acid (t-AUCB: 400 mg/L), the peak concentration of t-AUCB was detected in the skin of diabetic mice, which quickly decreased thereafter. In parallel, 2 h after application of t-AUCB treatment, thermal hyperemia was increased compared to the control gel. Quantification of t-AUCB in plasma of treated animals showed no or low systemic diffusion. Furthermore, haematoxylin and eosin histological staining of skin biopsies showed that skin integrity was preserved in t-AUCB-treated mice. Finally, for pig ear skin, a surrogate for human skin, using Franz diffusion cells, we observed a continuous diffusion of t-AUCB from 2 h after application to beyond 24 h. A single topical administration of a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor improves microcirculatory function in the skin of db/db mice and might represent a new therapeutic approach for preventing the development of skin complications in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Savina
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2 UMR INSERM 1042, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Pôle Recherche, INSERM CIC1406, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Duflot
- Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, F-76000 Rouen, France
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Pharmacogenetics, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Frederic Bounoure
- Department of Galenic, Normandy University, UNIROUEN, F-76000 Rouen, France
- INSERM U1239 Normandy University, UNIROUEN, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sylvain Kotzki
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2 UMR INSERM 1042, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Pôle Recherche, INSERM CIC1406, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Pierre-Alex Serreau
- Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, F-76000 Rouen, France
- Department of Galenic, Normandy University, UNIROUEN, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Mohamed Skiba
- Department of Galenic, Normandy University, UNIROUEN, F-76000 Rouen, France
- INSERM U1239 Normandy University, UNIROUEN, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Marie Cornic
- Department of Pathology, Henri Becquerel Center, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Laurent Imbert
- Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, F-76000 Rouen, France
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Pharmacogenetics, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Pharmacogenetics, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Luc Cracowski
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2 UMR INSERM 1042, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Pôle Recherche, INSERM CIC1406, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Richard
- Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, F-76000 Rouen, France
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Matthieu Roustit
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2 UMR INSERM 1042, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Pôle Recherche, INSERM CIC1406, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jeremy Bellien
- Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, F-76000 Rouen, France
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, F-76000 Rouen, France
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12
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Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization (EDH) in Diabetes: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153737. [PMID: 31370156 PMCID: PMC6695796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease and is an important health issue worldwide. Long-term diabetes causes endothelial dysfunction, which in turn leads to diabetic vascular complications. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide is a major vasodilator in large-size vessels, and the hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle cells mediated by the endothelium plays a central role in agonist-mediated and flow-mediated vasodilation in resistance-size vessels. Although the mechanisms underlying diabetic vascular complications are multifactorial and complex, impairment of endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) of vascular smooth muscle cells would contribute at least partly to the initiation and progression of microvascular complications of diabetes. In this review, we present the current knowledge about the pathophysiology and underlying mechanisms of impaired EDH in diabetes in animals and humans. We also discuss potential therapeutic approaches aimed at the prevention and restoration of EDH in diabetes.
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Minaz N, Razdan R, Hammock BD, Mujwar S, Goswami SK. Impact of diabetes on male sexual function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: Protective role of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108897. [PMID: 31102913 PMCID: PMC6893866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-induced male sexual dysfunction is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is known to improve endothelial function in diabetes. Therefore, we hypothesized that sEH inhibitor (sEHI), [trans-4-{4-[3-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-ureido]cyclohexyloxy}benzoic acid] / t-TUCB can restore the male sexual function in diabetic rat. After one week of administration of diabetogenic agent STZ (52 mg/kg i.p) injection, diabetic rats were treated with t-TUCB (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, p.o) or vehicle for 8 weeks. The sexual behaviour parameters of the animals were evaluated at the end of dosing period. The levels of testosterone and glucose in serum, and sperm were quantified. Effect of treatment on weight of reproductive organs and histopathology of penile tissue was evaluated. Diabetes had a negative effect on male sexual function, weight of sexual organs and production of sperm with a parallel decrease in the level of testosterone. The sEHI, t-TUCB, significantly preserved the sexual function and minimized an increase in the level of blood glucose in diabetic rats. It also prevented a decrease in the level of testosterone and sperm in diabetic rats, in comparison to diabetic control rats. Further, diabetes induced distortion of corpus cavernosum was attenuated by t-TUCB. Based on our findings, sEHI may delay the development of sexual dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathani Minaz
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rema Razdan
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Somdutt Mujwar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road P.O. Chaumuhan, Mathura, 281 406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sumanta Kumar Goswami
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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14
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Duflot T, Moreau-Grangé L, Roche C, Iacob M, Wils J, Rémy-Jouet I, Cailleux AF, Leuillier M, Renet S, Li D, Morisseau C, Lamoureux F, Richard V, Prévost G, Joannidès R, Bellien J. Altered bioavailability of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids is associated with conduit artery endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:35. [PMID: 30885203 PMCID: PMC6423843 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This pathophysiological study addressed the hypothesis that soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which metabolizes the vasodilator and anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), contributes to conduit artery endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Methods and results Radial artery endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation in response to hand skin heating was reduced in essential hypertensive patients (n = 9) and type 2 diabetic subjects with (n = 19) or without hypertension (n = 10) compared to healthy subjects (n = 36), taking into consideration cardiovascular risk factors, flow stimulus and endothelium-independent dilatation to glyceryl trinitrate. Diabetic patients but not non-diabetic hypertensive subjects displayed elevated whole blood reactive oxygen species levels and loss of NO release during heating, assessed by measuring local plasma nitrite variation. Moreover, plasma levels of EET regioisomers increased during heating in healthy subjects, did not change in hypertensive patients and decreased in diabetic patients. Correlation analysis showed in the overall population that the less NO and EETs bioavailability increases during heating, the more flow-mediated dilatation is reduced. The expression and activity of sEH, measured in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, was elevated in diabetic but not hypertensive patients, leading to increased EETs conversion to DHETs. Finally, hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps induced a decrease in flow-mediated dilatation in healthy subjects and this was associated with an altered EETs release during heating. Conclusions These results demonstrate that an increased EETs degradation by sEH and altered NO bioavailability are associated with conduit artery endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients independently from their hypertensive status. The hyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic state in these patients may contribute to these alterations. Trial registration NCT02311075. Registered December 8, 2014. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-019-0843-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Duflot
- Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, 76000, Rouen Cedex, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, 76000, Rouen, France.,Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Pharmacogenetics, Rouen University Hospital, 76000, Rouen, France
| | | | - Clothilde Roche
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Michèle Iacob
- Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, 76000, Rouen Cedex, France
| | - Julien Wils
- Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, 76000, Rouen Cedex, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, 76000, Rouen, France
| | | | | | - Matthieu Leuillier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Sylvanie Renet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Dongyang Li
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Fabien Lamoureux
- Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, 76000, Rouen Cedex, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, 76000, Rouen, France.,Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Pharmacogenetics, Rouen University Hospital, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Richard
- Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, 76000, Rouen Cedex, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Gaëtan Prévost
- Department of Endocrinology, Rouen University Hospital, 76000, Rouen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Robinson Joannidès
- Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, 76000, Rouen Cedex, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, 76000, Rouen, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC)-INSERM 1404, Rouen University Hospital, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Jérémy Bellien
- Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, 76000, Rouen Cedex, France. .,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, 76000, Rouen, France. .,Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC)-INSERM 1404, Rouen University Hospital, 76000, Rouen, France.
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15
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Wang W, Sanidad KZ, Zhang G. Cytochrome P450 Eicosanoid Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Tumorigenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1161:115-123. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21735-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Uslu GA, Gelen V, Uslu H, Özen H. Effects of Cinnamomum cassia extract on oxidative stress, immunreactivity of iNOS and impaired thoracic aortic reactivity induced by type II diabetes in rats. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000317785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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17
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[Cardiovascular consequences of chronic kidney disease, impact of modulation of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2018; 67:141-148. [PMID: 29793671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular events are more prevalent in chronic kidney disease than in the general population, being the main cause of morbi-mortality. The physiopathology explaining this association remains complex. Thus, research for new therapies to prevent cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease is a major issue. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, products of the arachidonic acid metabolism, are endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors with vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic, pro-angiogenic and anti-apoptotic properties. A decrease in the bioavailability of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids has been observed in many cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, myocardial infarction or diabetes. Moreover, human studies of genetic polymorphisms of soluble epoxide hydrolase, the enzyme degrading epoxyeicoatrienoic acids, have shown that allelic variants related to an increase in its activity is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events. Modulation of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids by soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors in some cardiovascular diseases induces structural improvements in the heart, vessels and kidneys, including decrease in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, reduction in cardiac and renal interstitial fibrosis, improvement in renal hemodynamics, and prevention of endothelial dysfunction. In this context, increasing the bioavailability of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids appears to be an interesting therapeutic option in the prevention of cardiovascular events related to chronic kidney disease.
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Lipidomic profiling reveals soluble epoxide hydrolase as a therapeutic target of obesity-induced colonic inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:5283-5288. [PMID: 29717038 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1721711115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with enhanced colonic inflammation, which is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer. Considering the obesity epidemic in Western countries, it is important to identify novel therapeutic targets for obesity-induced colonic inflammation, to develop targeted strategies for prevention. Eicosanoids are endogenous lipid signaling molecules involved in regulating inflammation and immune responses. Using an LC-MS/MS-based lipidomics approach, we find that obesity-induced colonic inflammation is associated with increased expression of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and its eicosanoid metabolites, termed fatty acid diols, in colon tissue. Furthermore, we find that pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of sEH reduces colonic concentrations of fatty acid diols, attenuates obesity-induced colonic inflammation, and decreases obesity-induced activation of Wnt signaling in mice. Together, these results support that sEH could be a novel therapeutic target for obesity-induced colonic inflammation and associated diseases.
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19
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Bukhari IA, Almotrefi AA, Mohamed OY, Al-Masri AA, Sheikh SA. Protective effect of fenofibrate against ischemia-/reperfusion-induced cardiac arrhythmias in isolated rat hearts. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2018; 32:141-146. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq A. Bukhari
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Medicine; King Saud University P. O. BOX 2454; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Almotrefi
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Medicine; King Saud University P. O. BOX 2454; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Y. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Medicine; King Saud University P. O. BOX 2454; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer A. Al-Masri
- Department of Physiology; Cardiovascular Research Group; College of Medicine; King Saud University P. O. BOX 2454; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed A. Sheikh
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Medicine; King Saud University P. O. BOX 2454; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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Mak SK, Yu CM, Sun WT, He GW, Liu XC, Yang Q. Tetramethylpyrazine suppresses angiotensin II-induced soluble epoxide hydrolase expression in coronary endothelium via anti-ER stress mechanism. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 336:84-93. [PMID: 29066182 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Activation of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is associated with endothelial dysfunction in hypertension, though the underlying mechanisms are inadequately understood and the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is yet to be studied in detail. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a major bioactive ingredient of Chinese herb Chuanxiong, is well-known for its cardiovascular benefits. Nevertheless, whether TMP may protect vascular endothelium from ER stress and whether regulation of sEH is involved remain unknown. This study aimed at investigating the role of ER stress in angiotensin-II (Ang-II)-induced sEH dysregulation and elucidating the significance of ER stress regulation in the vasoprotective effect of TMP. Porcine primary coronary artery endothelial cells (PCECs) were used for western blot, ELISA, and reverse-transcription PCR analysis. Porcine coronary arteries were assessed in a myograph for endothelial dilator function. Ang-II induced expression of ER stress molecules in PCECs meanwhile enhanced sEH expression and decreased 11,12-EET. Exposure of PCECs to the chemical ER stress inducer tunicamycin also increased sEH expression. Inhibition of ER stress suppressed sEH upregulation, resulting in an increase of 11,12-EET. The impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation induced by Ang-II or tunicamycin was ameliorated by inhibitors of ER stress or sEH. TMP showed comparable inhibitory effect to ER stress inhibitors on the expression of ER stress molecules, the dysregulation of sEH/EET, and the impairment of endothelial dilator function. We demonstrated that ER stress mediates Ang-II-induced sEH upregulation in coronary endothelium. TMP has potent anti-ER stress capacity through which TMP normalizes sEH expression and confers protective effect against Ang-II on endothelial function of coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Kwong Mak
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cheuk-Man Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wen-Tao Sun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Guo-Wei He
- TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Liu
- TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China.
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21
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Wang W, Yang J, Qi W, Yang H, Wang C, Tan B, Hammock BD, Park Y, Kim D, Zhang G. Lipidomic profiling of high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice: Importance of cytochrome P450-derived fatty acid epoxides. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:132-140. [PMID: 27891824 PMCID: PMC5182168 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Enzymatic metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids leads to formation of bioactive lipid metabolites (LMs). Previous studies have shown that obesity leads to deregulation of LMs in adipose tissues. However, most previous studies have focused on a single or limited number of LMs, and few systematical analyses have been carried out. METHODS A LC-MS/MS-based lipidomics approach was used, which can analyze >100 LMs produced by cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, to analyze the profile of LMs in high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. RESULTS LC-MS/MS showed that high-fat feeding significantly modulated profiles of LMs in adipose tissues. Among the three major polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolizing pathways (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and CYP), CYP-derived fatty acid epoxides were the most dramatically altered LMs. Almost all types of fatty acid epoxides were reduced by 70% to 90% in adipose tissues of high-fat diet-fed mice. Consistent with the reduced levels of fatty acid epoxides, the gene expression of several CYP epoxygenases, including Cyp2j5, Cyp2j6, and Cyp2c44, was significantly reduced in adipose tissues of high-fat diet-fed mice. CONCLUSIONS Results show that CYP-derived fatty acid epoxides are the most responsive LMs in high-fat diet-induced obesity, suggesting that these LMs could play critical roles in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicang Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Weipeng Qi
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003
| | - Haixia Yang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Bowen Tan
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003
| | - Daeyoung Kim
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Guodong Zhang, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. , Tel: 413-4541014, Fax: 413-5451262
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García-Pedraza JÁ, Ferreira-Santos P, Aparicio R, Montero MJ, Morán A. Blocking 5-HT2 receptor restores cardiovascular disorders in type 1 experimental diabetes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33979. [PMID: 27659784 PMCID: PMC5034292 DOI: 10.1038/srep33979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether the serotonergic modulation, through selective 5-HT2 receptor blockade, restores cardiovascular disturbances in type 1 diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by alloxan (150 mg/kg, s.c.) and maintained for 4 weeks. 5-HT2 receptor was blocked by sarpogrelate (30 mg/kg.day; 14 days; p.o.). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), glycaemia and body weight (BW) were monitored periodically. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the study and the heart, right kidney and thoracic aorta were removed; plasma samples were also obtained. Left ventricular hypertrophy index (LVH) and renal hypertrophy index (RH) were determined. Vascular function was studied in aorta rings; additionally, superoxide anion (O2•−) production (by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence) and lipid peroxidation (by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay) were measured. Neither alloxan nor sarpogrelate treatments altered HR, LVH or endothelium-independent relaxation. SBP, glycaemia, BW, RH, O2•− production and lipid peroxidation were significantly altered in diabetic animals compared with controls. Sarpogrelate treatment considerably decreased SBP, RH, O2•− production and lipid peroxidation. Endothelium-dependent relaxation was severely reduced in diabetic animal aortas compared to controls; sarpogrelate treatment markedly improved it. Our outcomes show that selectively blocking 5-HT2 receptors has beneficial effects on impaired cardiovascular parameters in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Ángel García-Pedraza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca-USAL- CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pedro Ferreira-Santos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca-USAL- CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rubén Aparicio
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca-USAL- CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María-José Montero
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca-USAL- CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Asunción Morán
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca-USAL- CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
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Hanif A, Edin ML, Zeldin DC, Morisseau C, Nayeem MA. Deletion of soluble epoxide hydrolase enhances coronary reactive hyperemia in isolated mouse heart: role of oxylipins and PPARγ. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R676-R688. [PMID: 27488890 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00237.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and coronary reactive hyperemia (CRH) response to a brief ischemic insult is not known. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) exert cardioprotective effects in ischemia/reperfusion injury. sEH converts EETs into dihydroxyeicosatrienoic-acids (DHETs). Therefore, we hypothesized that knocking out sEH enhances CRH through modulation of oxylipin profiles, including an increase in EET/DHET ratio. Compared with sEH+/+, sEH-/- mice showed enhanced CRH, including greater repayment volume (RV; 28% higher, P < 0.001) and repayment/debt ratio (32% higher, P < 0.001). Oxylipins from the heart perfusates were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The 14,15-EET/14,15-DHET ratio was 3.7-fold higher at baseline (P < 0.001) and 5.6-fold higher post-ischemia (P < 0.001) in sEH-/- compared with sEH+/+ mice. Likewise, the baseline 9,10- and 12,13-EpOME/DiHOME ratios were 3.2-fold (P < 0.01) and 3.7-fold (P < 0.001) higher, respectively in sEH-/- compared with sEH+/+ mice. 13-HODE was also significantly increased at baseline by 71% (P < 0.01) in sEH-/- vs. sEH+/+ mice. Levels of 5-, 11-, 12-, and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids were not significantly different between the two strains (P > 0.05), but were decreased postischemia in both groups (P = 0.02, P = 0.04, P = 0.05, P = 0.03, respectively). Modulation of CRH by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was demonstrated using a PPARγ-antagonist (T0070907), which reduced repayment volume by 25% in sEH+/+ (P < 0.001) and 33% in sEH-/- mice (P < 0.01), and a PPARγ-agonist (rosiglitazone), which increased repayment volume by 37% in both sEH+/+ (P = 0.04) and sEH-/- mice (P = 0.04). l-NAME attenuated CRH in both sEH-/- and sEH+/+ These data demonstrate that genetic deletion of sEH resulted in an altered oxylipin profile, which may have led to an enhanced CRH response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hanif
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and
| | | | - Mohammed A Nayeem
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia;
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EETs/sEH in diabetes and obesity-induced cardiovascular diseases. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 125:80-9. [PMID: 27184755 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite the optimization of blood glucose control and the therapeutic management of risk factors, obesity- and diabetes-induced cardiovascular diseases are still major health problems in the United States. Arachidonic acid (AA), an endogenous 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid, is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases into epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which are important lipid mediators with many beneficial effects in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and obesity- and diabetes-induced cardiovascular diseases. EETs can be further metabolized to less active dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). It has been demonstrated that the use of sEH blockers, which prevent EET degradation, is a promising pharmacological approach to promoting insulin secretion, preventing endothelial dysfunction, decreasing blood pressure, and protecting against target organ damage in obesity and metabolic diseases. This review will focus on biochemistry of CYP monooxygenase system as well as the pharmacology and physiological significance of EETs and sEH. We will also discuss the role of EETs/sEH in T1DM, T2DM, and obesity- and diabetes-induced cardiovascular diseases.
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Stead R, Musa MG, Bryant CL, Lanham SA, Johnston DA, Reynolds R, Torrens C, Fraser PA, Clough GF. Developmental conditioning of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-mediated vasorelaxation. J Hypertens 2016; 34:452-63; discussion 463. [PMID: 26682783 PMCID: PMC4732175 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The endothelium maintains vascular homeostasis through the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRF) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH). The balance in EDH : EDRF is disturbed in cardiovascular disease and may also be susceptible to developmental conditioning through exposure to an adverse uterine environment to predispose to later risk of hypertension and vascular disease. METHODS Developmentally conditioned changes in EDH : EDRF signalling pathways were investigated in cremaster arterioles (18-32 μm diameter) and third-order mesenteric arteries of adult male mice offspring of dams fed either a fat-rich (high fat, HF, 45% energy from fat) or control (C, 10% energy from fat) diet. After weaning, offspring either continued on high fat or were placed on control diets to give four dietary groups (C/C, HF/C, C/HF, and HF/HF) and studied at 15 weeks of age. RESULTS EDH via intermediate (IKCa) and small (SKca) conductance calcium-activated potassium channels contributed less than 10% to arteriolar acetylcholine-induced relaxation in in-situ conditioned HF/C offspring compared with ∼60% in C/C (P < 0.01). The conditioned reduction in EDH signalling in HF/C offspring was reversed in offspring exposed to a high-fat diet both before and after weaning (HF/HF, 55%, P < 0.01 vs. HF/C). EDH signalling was unaffected in arterioles from C/HF offspring. The changes in EDH : EDRF were associated with altered endothelial cell expression and localization of IKCa channels. CONCLUSION This is the first evidence that EDH-mediated microvascular relaxation is susceptible to an adverse developmental environment through down-regulation of the IKCa signalling pathway. Conditioned offspring exposed to a 'second hit' (HF/HF) exhibit adaptive vascular mechanisms to preserve dilator function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Stead
- Vascular Research Group
- Rebecca Stead and Moji G. Musa contributed equally to the writing of this article
| | - Moji G. Musa
- Vascular Research Group
- Rebecca Stead and Moji G. Musa contributed equally to the writing of this article
| | | | - Stuart A. Lanham
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Institute of Developmental Sciences
| | - David A. Johnston
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Imaging Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton
| | | | | | - Paul A. Fraser
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid analogue mitigates kidney injury in a rat model of radiation nephropathy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:587-99. [PMID: 26772189 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid is metabolized to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) by CYP epoxygenases, and EETs are kidney protective in multiple pathologies. We determined the ability of an EET analogue, EET-A, to mitigate experimental radiation nephropathy. The kidney expression of the EET producing enzyme CYP2C11 was lower in rats that received total body irradiation (TBI rat) compared with non-irradiated control. At 12 weeks after TBI, the rats had higher systolic blood pressure and impaired renal afferent arteriolar function compared with control, and EET-A or captopril mitigated these abnormalities. The TBI rats had 3-fold higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN) compared with control, and EET-A or captopril decreased BUN by 40-60%. The urine albumin/creatinine ratio was increased 94-fold in TBI rats, and EET-A or captopril attenuated that increase by 60-90%. In TBI rats, nephrinuria was elevated 30-fold and EET-A or captopril decreased it by 50-90%. Renal interstitial fibrosis, tubular and glomerular injury were present in the TBI rats, and each was decreased by EET-A or captopril. We further demonstrated elevated renal parenchymal apoptosis in TBI rats, which was mitigated by EET-A or captopril. Additional studies revealed that captopril or EET-A mitigated renal apoptosis by acting on the p53/Fas/FasL (Fas ligand) apoptotic pathway. The present study demonstrates a novel EET analogue-based strategy for mitigation of experimental radiation nephropathy by improving renal afferent arteriolar function and by decreasing renal apoptosis.
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27
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Lehmann J, Vomacka J, Esser K, Nodwell M, Kolbe K, Rämer P, Protzer U, Reiling N, Sieber SA. Human lysosomal acid lipase inhibitor lalistat impairs Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth by targeting bacterial hydrolases. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00231e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lalistat inhibits growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in bacterial culture as well as in infected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Lehmann
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - J. Vomacka
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - K. Esser
- Institut für Virologie
- Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München
- 81675 München
- Germany
| | - M. Nodwell
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - K. Kolbe
- Forschungszentrum Borstel
- Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften
- FG Mikrobielle Grenzflächenbiologie
- 23845 Borstel
- Germany
| | - P. Rämer
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene
- Technische Universität München
- 81675 München
- Germany
| | - U. Protzer
- Institut für Virologie
- Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München
- 81675 München
- Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF)
| | - N. Reiling
- Forschungszentrum Borstel
- Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften
- FG Mikrobielle Grenzflächenbiologie
- 23845 Borstel
- Germany
| | - S. A. Sieber
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
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Impaired endothelial calcium signaling is responsible for the defective dilation of mesenteric resistance arteries from db/db mice to acetylcholine. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 767:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Oguro A, Oida S, Imaoka S. Down-regulation of EPHX2 gene transcription by Sp1 under high-glucose conditions. Biochem J 2015; 470:281-91. [PMID: 26341485 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
sEH (soluble epoxide hydrolase), which is encoded by the EPHX2 gene, regulates the actions of bioactive lipids, EETs (epoxyeicosatrienoic acids). Previously, we found that high-glucose-induced oxidative stress suppressed sEH levels in a hepatocarcinoma cell line (Hep3B) and sEH was decreased in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms underlying EPHX2 transcriptional suppression under high-glucose conditions. The decrease in sEH was prevented by an Sp1 (specificity protein 1) inhibitor, mithramycin A, and overexpression or knockdown of Sp1 revealed that Sp1 suppressively regulated sEH expression, in contrast with the general role of Sp1 on transcriptional activation. In addition, we found that AP2α (activating protein 2α) promoted EPHX2 transcription. The nuclear transport of Sp1, but not that of AP2α, was increased under high glucose concomitantly with the decrease in sEH. Within the EPHX2 promoter -56/+32, five Sp1-binding sites were identified, and the mutation of each of these sites showed that the first one (SP1_1) was important in both suppression by Sp1 and activation by AP2α. Furthermore, overexpression of Sp1 diminished the binding of AP2α by DNA-affinity precipitation assay and ChIP, suggesting competition between Sp1 and AP2α on the EPHX2 promoter. These findings provide novel insights into the role of Sp1 in transcriptional suppression, which may be applicable to the transcriptional regulation of other genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Oguro
- Research Center for Environmental Bioscience and Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan
| | - Shoko Oida
- Research Center for Environmental Bioscience and Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan
| | - Susumu Imaoka
- Research Center for Environmental Bioscience and Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan
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Glutathione Supplementation Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Improves Vascular Hyporesponsiveness in Experimental Obstructive Jaundice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:486148. [PMID: 26161237 PMCID: PMC4487904 DOI: 10.1155/2015/486148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the protective effects and mechanism of glutathione (GSH) on vascular hyporesponsiveness induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in a rat model. Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: a NS group, a GSH group, a BDL + NS group, and a BDL + GSH group. GSH was administrated into rats in the GSH and BDL + GSH groups by gastric gavage. An equal volume of normal saline was, respectively, given in the NS group and BDL + NS group. Blood was gathered for serological determination and thoracic aorta rings were isolated for measurement of isometric tension. Obstructive jaundice led to a significant increase in the serum total bilirubin, AST, and ALT levels. The proinflammatory cytokines levels (TNF-α and IL-1β), concentration of NO, and oxidative stress markers (MDA and 3-NT) were increased as well. All of those were reduced by the treatment of GSH. Meanwhile, contraction of aorta rings to NA and vasorelaxation to ACh or SNP in the BDL group rats were markedly decreased, while GSH administration reversed this change. Our findings suggested that GSH supplementation attenuated overexpressed ONOO(−) from the reaction of excessive NO with O2∙- and protected against obstructive jaundice-induced vascular hyporesponsiveness in rats.
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Yang L, Mäki-Petäjä K, Cheriyan J, McEniery C, Wilkinson IB. The role of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in the cardiovascular system. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 80:28-44. [PMID: 25655310 PMCID: PMC4500322 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence suggesting that epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) play an important role in cardioprotective mechanisms. These include regulating vascular tone, modulating inflammatory responses, improving cardiomyocyte function and reducing ischaemic damage, resulting in attenuation of animal models of cardiovascular risk factors. This review discusses the current knowledge on the role of EETs in endothelium-dependent control of vascular tone in the healthy and in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors, and considers the pharmacological potential of targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yang
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - K Mäki-Petäjä
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - J Cheriyan
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - C McEniery
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - I B Wilkinson
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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Roche C, Besnier M, Cassel R, Harouki N, Coquerel D, Guerrot D, Nicol L, Loizon E, Remy-Jouet I, Morisseau C, Mulder P, Ouvrard-Pascaud A, Madec AM, Richard V, Bellien J. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition improves coronary endothelial function and prevents the development of cardiac alterations in obese insulin-resistant mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1020-9. [PMID: 25724490 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00465.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study addressed the hypothesis that inhibiting the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH)-mediated degradation of epoxy-fatty acids, notably epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, has an additional impact against cardiovascular damage in insulin resistance, beyond its previously demonstrated beneficial effect on glucose homeostasis. The cardiovascular and metabolic effects of the sEH inhibitor trans-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-cyclohexyloxy]-benzoic acid (t-AUCB; 10 mg/l in drinking water) were compared with those of the sulfonylurea glibenclamide (80 mg/l), both administered for 8 wk in FVB mice subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% fat) for 16 wk. Mice on control chow diet (10% fat) and nontreated HFD mice served as controls. Glibenclamide and t-AUCB similarly prevented the increased fasting glycemia in HFD mice, but only t-AUCB improved glucose tolerance and decreased gluconeogenesis, without modifying weight gain. Moreover, t-AUCB reduced adipose tissue inflammation, plasma free fatty acids, and LDL cholesterol and prevented hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, only the sEH inhibitor improved endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine, assessed by myography in isolated coronary arteries. This improvement was related to a restoration of epoxyeicosatrienoic acid and nitric oxide pathways, as shown by the increased inhibitory effects of the nitric oxide synthase and cytochrome P-450 epoxygenase inhibitors l-NA and MSPPOH on these relaxations. Moreover, t-AUCB decreased cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and inflammation and improved diastolic function, as demonstrated by the increased E/A ratio (echocardiography) and decreased slope of the end-diastolic pressure-volume relation (invasive hemodynamics). These results demonstrate that sEH inhibition improves coronary endothelial function and prevents cardiac remodeling and diastolic dysfunction in obese insulin-resistant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clothilde Roche
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France; University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Marie Besnier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France; University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Roméo Cassel
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN/INRA 1235/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Oullins, France
| | - Najah Harouki
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France; University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - David Coquerel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France; University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Dominique Guerrot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France; University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France; Department of Nephrology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Lionel Nicol
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France; University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Emmanuelle Loizon
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN/INRA 1235/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Oullins, France
| | - Isabelle Remy-Jouet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France; University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California; and
| | - Paul Mulder
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France; University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Antoine Ouvrard-Pascaud
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France; University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Anne-Marie Madec
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN/INRA 1235/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Oullins, France
| | - Vincent Richard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France; University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France; Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Jeremy Bellien
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France; University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France; Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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Shim CY, Kim S, Chadderdon S, Wu M, Qi Y, Xie A, Alkayed NJ, Davidson BP, Lindner JR. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids mediate insulin-mediated augmentation in skeletal muscle perfusion and blood volume. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E1097-104. [PMID: 25336524 PMCID: PMC4269677 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00216.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow (MBF) increases in response to physiological hyperinsulinemia. This vascular action of insulin may facilitate glucose uptake. We hypothesized that epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), a family of arachadonic, acid-derived, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors, are mediators of insulin's microvascular effects. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEU) was performed to quantify skeletal muscle capillary blood volume (CBV) and MBF in wild-type and obese insulin-resistant (db/db) mice after administration of vehicle or trans-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-ylureido)cyclohexyloxy]benzoic acid (t-AUCB), an inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase that converts EETs to less active dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. Similar studies were performed in rats pretreated with l-NAME. CEU was also performed in rats undergoing a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, half of which were pretreated with the epoxygenase inhibitor MS-PPOH to inhibit EET synthesis. In both wild-type and db/db mice, intravenous t-AUCB produced an increase in CBV (65-100% increase at 30 min, P < 0.05) and in MBF. In db/db mice, t-AUCB also reduced plasma glucose by ∼15%. In rats pretreated with l-NAME, t-AUCB after produced a significant ≈20% increase in CBV, indicating a component of vascular response independent of nitric oxide (NO) production. Hyperinsulinemic clamp produced a time-dependent increase in MBF (19 ± 36 and 76 ± 49% at 90 min, P = 0.026) that was mediated in part by an increase in CBV. Insulin-mediated changes in both CBV and MBF during the clamp were blocked entirely by MS-PPOH. We conclude that EETs are a mediator of insulin-mediated augmentation in skeletal muscle perfusion and are involved in regulating changes in CBV during hyperinsulinemia.
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MESH Headings
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/antagonists & inhibitors
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/metabolism
- Animals
- Benzoates/pharmacology
- Blood Volume/drug effects
- Epoxide Hydrolases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Hyperinsulinism/physiopathology
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microcirculation/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Regional Blood Flow/drug effects
- Urea/analogs & derivatives
- Urea/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yue Qi
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute and
| | - Aris Xie
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute and
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Anesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Terry CM, Carlson ML, He Y, Ulu A, Morisseau C, Blumenthal DK, Hammock BD, Cheung AK. Aberrant soluble epoxide hydrolase and oxylipin levels in a porcine arteriovenous graft stenosis model. J Vasc Res 2014; 51:269-82. [PMID: 25196102 DOI: 10.1159/000365251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) used for hemodialysis frequently fail due to the development of neointimal hyperplasia (NH) at the vein-graft anastomosis. Inflammation and smooth-muscle cell (SMC) and myofibroblast proliferation and migration likely play an important role in the pathogenesis of NH. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), the products of the catabolism of arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450 enzymes, possess anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antimigratory and vasodilatory properties that should reduce NH. The degradation of vasculoprotective EETs is catalyzed by the enzyme, soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). sEH upregulation may thus contribute to NH development by the enhanced removal of vasculoprotective EETs. In this study, sEH, cytochrome P450 and EETs were examined after AVG placement in a porcine model to explore their potential roles in AVG stenosis. Increased sEH protein expression, decreased P450 epoxygenase activity and dysregulation of 5 oxylipin mediators were observed in the graft-venous anastomotic tissues when compared to control veins. Pharmacological inhibitors of sEH decreased the growth factor-induced migration of SMCs and fibroblasts, although they had no significant effect on the proliferation of these cells. These results provide insights on epoxide biology in vascular disorders and a rationale for the development of novel pharmacotherapeutic strategies to prevent AVG failure due to NH and stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christi M Terry
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Utah, USA
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36
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Davis CM, Fairbanks SL, Alkayed NJ. Mechanism of the sex difference in endothelial dysfunction after stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2014; 4:381-9. [PMID: 23853671 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-012-0227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stroke, the number four cause of death in the United States, is a greatly debilitating event resulting from insufficient blood supply to the brain (cerebral ischemia). Endothelial dysfunction, primarily characterized by dampened endothelial- dependent vasodilation, is a major contributor to the development and outcome of stroke. This review discusses the role of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme responsible for the degradation of vasoprotective eicosatrienoic acids (EETs), in the context of the cerebral vasculature and its contribution to the sexual dimorphic nature of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Davis
- Cerebrovascular Research Division, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
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37
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Kondo K, Morino K, Nishio Y, Kondo M, Nakao K, Nakagawa F, Ishikado A, Sekine O, Yoshizaki T, Kashiwagi A, Ugi S, Maegawa H. A fish-based diet intervention improves endothelial function in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized crossover trial. Metabolism 2014; 63:930-40. [PMID: 24850465 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The beneficial effects of fish and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) consumption on atherosclerosis have been reported in numerous epidemiological studies. However, to the best of our knowledge, the effects of a fish-based diet intervention on endothelial function have not been investigated. Therefore, we studied these effects in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS/METHODS Twenty-three postmenopausal women with T2DM were assigned to two four-week periods of either a fish-based diet (n-3 PUFAs ≧ 3.0 g/day) or a control diet in a randomized crossover design. Endothelial function was measured with reactive hyperemia using strain-gauge plethysmography and compared with the serum levels of fatty acids and their metabolites. Endothelial function was determined with peak forearm blood flow (Peak), duration of reactive hyperemia (Duration) and flow debt repayment (FDR). RESULTS A fish-based dietary intervention improved Peak by 63.7%, Duration by 27.9% and FDR by 70.7%, compared to the control diet. Serum n-3 PUFA levels increased after the fish-based diet period and decreased after the control diet, compared with the baseline (1.49 vs. 0.97 vs. 1.19 mmol/l, p < 0.0001). There was no correlation between serum n-3 PUFA levels and endothelial function. An increased ratio of epoxyeicosatrienoic acid/dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid was observed after a fish-based diet intervention, possibly due to the inhibition of the activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase. CONCLUSIONS A fish-based dietary intervention improves endothelial function in postmenopausal women with T2DM. Dissociation between the serum n-3 PUFA concentration and endothelial function suggests that the other factors may contribute to this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Kondo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Katsutaro Morino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiko Nishio
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Division of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Kondo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Nakagawa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; Osaka Laboratory, JCL Bioassay Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishikado
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; R&D Department, Sunstar Inc, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Sekine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshizaki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Atsunori Kashiwagi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ugi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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Structure-based optimization of cyclopropyl urea derivatives as potent soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors for potential decrease of renal injury without hypotensive action. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:1548-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Duflot T, Roche C, Lamoureux F, Guerrot D, Bellien J. Design and discovery of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:229-43. [PMID: 24490654 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.881354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death in developed countries. Increasing evidence shows that the alteration in the normal functions of the vascular endothelium plays a major role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, specific agents designed to prevent endothelial dysfunction and related cardiovascular complications are still lacking. One emerging strategy is to increase the bioavailability of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), synthesized by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases from arachidonic acid. EETs are endothelium-derived hyperpolarising and relaxing factors and display attractive anti-inflammatory and metabolic properties. Genetic polymorphism studies in humans, and experiments in animal models of diseases, have identified soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), the major enzyme involved in EET degradation, as a potential pharmacological target. AREAS COVERED This review presents EET pathway and its functions and summarises the data supporting the development of sEH inhibitors for the treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, the authors present the different chemical families of sEH inhibitors developed and their effects in animal models of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. EXPERT OPINION Several generations of sEH inhibitors have now been designed to treat endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications for a variety of diseases. The safety of these drugs remains to be carefully investigated, particularly in relation to carcinogenesis. The increasing knowledge of the biological role of each of the EET isomers and of their metabolites may improve their pharmacological profile. This, in turn, could potentially lead to the identification of new pharmacological agents that achieve the cellular effects needed without the deleterious side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Duflot
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Pharmacology , Rouen , France
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40
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Musa MG, Torrens C, Clough GF. The microvasculature: a target for nutritional programming and later risk of cardio-metabolic disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:31-45. [PMID: 23758932 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that microvascular deficits affecting multiple tissues and organs play an important role in the aetiopathogenesis of cardio-metabolic disease. Furthermore, both in humans and animal models, deficits in small vessel structure and function can be detected early, often before the onset of macrovascular disease and the development of end-organ damage that is common to hypertension and obesity-associated clinical disorders. This article considers the growing evidence for the negative impact of an adverse maternal diet on the long-term health of her child, and how this can result in a disadvantageous vascular phenotype that extends to the microvascular bed. We describe how structural and functional modifications in the offspring microcirculation during development may represent an important and additional risk determinant to increase susceptibility to the development of cardio-metabolic disease in adult life and consider the cell-signalling pathways associated with endothelial dysfunction that may be 'primed' by the maternal environment. Published studies were identified that reported outcomes related to the microcirculation, endothelium, maternal diet and vascular programming using NCBI PubMed.gov, MEDLINE and ISI Web of Science databases from 1980 until April 2013 using pre-specified search terms. Information extracted from over 230 original reports and review articles was critically evaluated by the authors for inclusion in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Musa
- Vascular Research Group; Human Development and Health; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | - C. Torrens
- Vascular Research Group; Human Development and Health; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | - G. F. Clough
- Vascular Research Group; Human Development and Health; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
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41
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Groten T, Schleussner E, Lehmann T, Reister F, Holzer B, Danso KA, Zeillinger R. eNOSI4 and EPHX1 polymorphisms affect maternal susceptibility to preeclampsia: analysis of five polymorphisms predisposing to cardiovascular disease in 279 Caucasian and 241 African women. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2013; 289:581-93. [PMID: 24013430 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-013-2991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate possible associations of genetic polymorphisms predisposing to cardiovascular disease with the development and/or the severity of preeclampsia. METHODS A two hospital-based prospective case-control study was performed in Germany and Ghana. 470 blood samples of 250 Caucasian and 220 black African have been genotyped by pyrosequencing and fragment length analysis. We evaluated the distribution of the epoxide hydrolase 1 (EPHX1) polymorphism on exon 3, the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms on exon 7 and on intron 4, the angiotensinogen polymorphism on exon 2 and the estrogen receptor 1 polymorphism in intron 1. RESULTS 74 Caucasian and 84 African were classified as preeclampsia with 27 Caucasian developing a hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome and 17 African women experiencing eclampsia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for ethnicity, age and parity revealed for carriers of eNOSI4 VNTR4a a 1.7-fold increased (95% CI 1.10-2.711, p = 0.016) risk to develop preeclampsia and a 3.6-fold increase for carriers of the EPHX1 113Tyr (95% CI 1.366-8.750, p = 0.009) to develop severest preeclampsia. CONCLUSION Our finding of eNOSI4 polymorphism predisposing to preeclampsia independently of ethnicity, age and parity supports the concept of NO being involved in the endothelial disorder preeclampsia. Since EPHX1 is highly expressed in the liver, can interact with various signaling pathways and is involved in central nervous system disorders, the association of EPHX1 polymorphism with the HELLP syndrome and eclampsia may hint to EPHX being a further key player in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Groten
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Bachstrasse 18, 07743, Jena, Germany,
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42
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Wanka L, Iqbal K, Schreiner PR. The lipophilic bullet hits the targets: medicinal chemistry of adamantane derivatives. Chem Rev 2013; 113:3516-604. [PMID: 23432396 PMCID: PMC3650105 DOI: 10.1021/cr100264t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Wanka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Fax +49(641)9934309
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314-6399, USA
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314-6399, USA
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Fax +49(641)9934309
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Zhang W, Davis CM, Edin ML, Lee CR, Zeldin DC, Alkayed NJ. Role of endothelial soluble epoxide hydrolase in cerebrovascular function and ischemic injury. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61244. [PMID: 23585883 PMCID: PMC3621731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase (sEH) is a key enzyme in the metabolism and termination of action of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, derivatives of arachidonic acid, which are protective against ischemic stroke. Mice lacking sEH globally are protected from injury following stroke; however, little is known about the role of endothelial sEH in brain ischemia. We generated transgenic mice with endothelial-specific expression of human sEH (Tie2-hsEH), and assessed the effect of transgenic overexpression of endothelial sEH on endothelium-dependent vascular reactivity and ischemic injury following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Compared to wild-type, male Tie2-hsEH mice exhibited impaired vasodilation in response to stimulation with 1 µM acetylcholine as assessed by laser-Doppler perfusion monitoring in an in-vivo cranial window preparation. No difference in infarct size was observed between wild-type and Tie2-hsEH male mice. In females, however, Tie2-hsEH mice sustained larger infarcts in striatum, but not cortex, compared to wild-type mice. Sex difference in ischemic injury was maintained in the cortex of Tie2-hsEH mice. In the striatum, expression of Tie2-hsEH resulted in a sex difference, with larger infarct in females than males. These findings demonstrate that transgenic expression of sEH in endothelium results in impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the cerebral circulation, and that females are more susceptible to enhanced ischemic damage as a result of increased endothelial sEH than males, especially in end-arteriolar striatal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenri Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
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Roghani M, Vaez Mahdavi MR, Jalali-Nadoushan MR, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Naderi G, Roghani-Dehkordi F, Taghi Joghataei M, Kord M. Chronic administration of daidzein, a soybean isoflavone, improves endothelial dysfunction and attenuates oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytother Res 2013; 27:112-7. [PMID: 22511255 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The effect of chronic daidzein, a soybean isoflavone, on aortic reactivity of streptozotocin-diabetic rats was studied. Male diabetic rats received daidzein for 7 weeks a week after diabetes induction. Contractile responses to KCl and phenylephrine (PE) and relaxation response to acetylcholine (ACh) were obtained from aortic rings. Maximum contractile response of endothelium-intact rings to PE was significantly lower in daidzein-treated diabetic rats relative to untreated diabetic rats, and endothelium removal abolished this difference. Endothelium-dependent relaxation to ACh was significantly higher in daidzein-treated diabetic rats as compared with diabetic rats and pretreatment of rings with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester and/or indomethacin attenuated it. Two-month diabetes also resulted in an elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and daidzein treatment significantly reversed the increased MDA content and reduced activity of SOD. Therefore, chronic treatment of diabetic rats with daidzein could prevent some abnormal changes in vascular reactivity in diabetic rats through nitric oxide and prostaglandin-related pathways, and via attenuation of oxidative stress in aortic tissue and endothelium integrity seems essential for this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Roghani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Medicinal Plant Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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45
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Interaction between maternal and offspring diet to impair vascular function and oxidative balance in high fat fed male mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50671. [PMID: 23227196 PMCID: PMC3515587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To determine the impact of maternal and post-weaning consumption of a high fat diet on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and redox regulation in adult male mouse offspring. METHODS Female C57BL6J mice were fed an obesogenic high fat diet (HF, 45% kcal fat) or standard chow (C, 21% kcal fat) pre-conception and throughout pregnancy and lactation. Post-weaning, male offspring were continued on the same diet as their mothers or placed on the alternative diet to give 4 dietary groups (C/C, HF/C, C/HF and HF/HF) which were studied at 15 or 30 weeks of age. RESULTS There were significant effects of maternal diet on offspring body weight (p<0.004), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.026) and endothelium-dependent relaxation to ACh (p = 0.004) and NO production (p = 0.005) measured in the femoral artery. With control for maternal diet there was also an effect of offspring post-weaning dietary fat to increase systolic blood pressure (p<0.0001) and reduce endothelium-dependent relaxation (p = 0.022) and ACh-mediated NO production (p = 0.007). There was also a significant impact of age (p<0.005). Redox balance was perturbed, with altered regulation of vascular enzymes involved in ROS/NO signalling. CONCLUSIONS Maternal consumption of a HF diet is associated with changes in vascular function and oxidative balance in the offspring of similar magnitude to those seen with consumption of a high fat diet post-weaning. Further, this disadvantageous vascular phenotype is exacerbated by age to influence the risk of developing obesity, raised blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction in adult life.
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Nayeem MA, Pradhan I, Mustafa SJ, Morisseau C, Falck JR, Zeldin DC. Adenosine A2A receptor modulates vascular response in soluble epoxide hydrolase-null mice through CYP-epoxygenases and PPARγ. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 304:R23-32. [PMID: 23152114 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00213.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between adenosine and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in vascular response is not known. Therefore, we hypothesized that lack of sEH in mice enhances adenosine-induced relaxation through A(2A) adenosine receptors (AR) via CYP-epoxygenases and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). sEH(-/-) showed an increase in A(2A) AR, CYP2J, and PPARγ by 31%, 65%, and 36%, respectively, and a decrease in A(1)AR and PPARα (30% and 27%, respectively) vs. sEH(+/+). 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA, an adenosine receptor agonist), CGS 21680 (A(2A) AR-agonist), and GW 7647 (PPARα-agonist)-induced responses were tested with nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) (NO-inhibitor; 10(-4) M), ZM-241385, SCH-58261 (A(2A) AR-antagonists; 10(-6) M), 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid (14,15-EEZE, an epoxyeicosatrienoic acid-antagonist; 10(-5) M), 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido) dodecanoic acid (AUDA; 10 μM) or trans-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-cyclohexyloxy]-benzoic acid (t-AUCB, sEH-inhibitors; 10(-5) M), and T0070907 (PPARγ-antagonist; 10(-7) M). In sEH(-/-) mice, ACh response was not different from sEH(+/+) (P > 0.05), and l-NAME blocked ACh-responses in both sEH(-/-) and sEH(+/+) mice (P < 0.05). NECA (10(-6) M)-induced relaxation was higher in sEH(-/-) (+12.94 ± 3.2%) vs. sEH(+/+) mice (-5.35 ± 5.2%); however, it was blocked by ZM-241385 (-22.42 ± 1.9%) and SCH-58261(-30.04 ± 4.2%). CGS-21680 (10(-6) M)-induced relaxation was higher in sEH(-/-) (+37.4 ± 5.4%) vs. sEH(+/+) (+2.14 ± 2.8%). l-NAME (sEH(-/-), +30.28 ± 4.8%, P > 0.05) did not block CGS-21680-induced response, whereas 14,15-EEZE (-7.1 ± 3.7%, P < 0.05) did. Also, AUDA and t-AUCB did not change CGS-21680-induced response in sEH(-/-) (P > 0.05), but reversed in sEH(+/+) (from +2.14 ± 2.8% to +45.33 ± 4.1%, and +63.37 ± 7.2, respectively). PPARα-agonist did not relax as CGS 21680 (-2.48 ± 1.1 vs. +37.4 ± 5.4%) in sEH(-/-), and PPARγ-antagonist blocked (from +37.4 ± 5.4% to +9.40 ± 3.1) CGS 21680-induced relaxation in sEH(-/-). Our data suggest that adenosine-induced relaxation in sEH(-/-) may depend on the upregulation of A(2A) AR, CYP2J, and PPARγ, and the downregulation of A(1) AR and PPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Nayeem
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA.
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The sesame lignan sesamin attenuates vascular dysfunction in streptozotocin diabetic rats: involvement of nitric oxide and oxidative stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 698:316-21. [PMID: 23063541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The effect of chronic administration of sesamin was studied on aortic reactivity of streptozotocin diabetic rats. Male diabetic rats received sesamin for 7 weeks after diabetes induction. Contractile responses to KCl and phenylephrine and relaxation response to acetylcholine were obtained from aortic rings. Maximum contractile response of endothelium-intact rings to phenylephrine was significantly lower in sesamin-treated diabetic rats relative to untreated diabetics and endothelium removal abolished this difference. Meanwhile, endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine was significantly higher in sesamin-treated diabetic rats as compared to diabetic ones and pretreatment of rings with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester significantly attenuated the observed response. Two-month diabetes also resulted in an elevation of malondialdehyde and decreased superoxide dismutase activity and sesamin treatment significantly improved these changes. Therefore, chronic treatment of diabetic rats with sesamin could prevent some abnormal changes in vascular reactivity in diabetic rats through nitric oxide and via attenuation of oxidative stress and tissue integrity of endothelium is necessary for its beneficial effect.
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Sharma B, Singh N. Defensive effect of natrium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (NDDCT) and lisinopril in DOCA-salt hypertension-induced vascular dementia in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 223:307-17. [PMID: 22526544 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Vascular dementia and hypertension are increasing day by day, with a high degree of co-occurrence. Tremendous amount of research work is required so that new pharmacological agents may be identified for their appropriate therapeutic utility to combat different dementing disorders. OBJECTIVES This study investigates the effect of natrium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (NDDCT), a nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) inhibitor, as well as lisinopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, on deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) hypertension-induced vascular dementia in rats. METHODS DOCA was used to induce hypertension and associated vascular dementia. Morris water maze (MWM) was used for testing learning and memory. Endothelial function was assessed by acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of aortic strips. Different biochemical estimations were used to assess oxidative stress (aortic superoxide anion, serum and brain thiobarbituric acid reactive species, and brain glutathione), nitric oxide levels (serum nitrite/nitrate), and cholinergic activity (brain acetyl cholinesterase activity). RESULTS DOCA treatment significantly raised the mean arterial blood pressure of rats, and these hypertensive rats performed poorly on MWM, reflecting impairment of learning and memory. DOCA treatment also impaired vascular endothelial function and different biochemical parameters. Treatments of NDDCT as well as lisinopril significantly attenuated DOCA hypertension-induced impairment of learning and memory, endothelial dysfunction, and changes in various biochemical levels. CONCLUSIONS DOCA-salt hypertension induces vascular dementia in rats. NF-κB as well as ACE inhibitors may be considered as potential pharmacological agents for the management of hypertension-induced vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Sharma
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002 Punjab, India.
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Guglielmino K, Jackson K, Harris TR, Vu V, Dong H, Dutrow G, Evans JE, Graham J, Cummings BP, Havel PJ, Chiamvimonvat N, Despa S, Hammock BD, Despa F. Pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase provides cardioprotection in hyperglycemic rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H853-62. [PMID: 22865388 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00154.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycemic regulation improves myocardial function in diabetic patients, but finding optimal therapeutic strategies remains challenging. Recent data have shown that pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme that decreases the endogenous levels of protective epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), improves glucose homeostasis in insulin-resistant mice. Here, we tested whether the administration of sEH inhibitors preserves cardiac myocyte structure and function in hyperglycemic rats. University of California-Davis-type 2 diabetes mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rats with nonfasting blood glucose levels in the range of 150-200 mg/dl were treated with the sEH inhibitor 1-(1-acetypiperidin-4-yl)-3-adamantanylurea (APAU) for 6 wk. Administration of APAU attenuated the progressive increase of blood glucose concentration and preserved mitochondrial structure and myofibril morphology in cardiac myocytes, as revealed by electron microscopy imaging. Fluorescence microscopy with Ca(2+) indicators also showed a 40% improvement of cardiac Ca(2+) transients in treated rats. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) content was decreased in both treated and untreated rats compared with control rats. However, treatment limited this reduction by 30%, suggesting that APAU may protect the intracellular Ca(2+) effector system. Using Western blot analysis on cardiac myocyte lysates, we found less downregulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA), the main route of Ca(2+) reuptake in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and lower expression of hypertrophic markers in treated versus untreated UCD-T2DM rats. In conclusion, APAU enhances the therapeutic effects of EETs, resulting in slower progression of hyperglycemia, efficient protection of myocyte structure, and reduced Ca(2+) dysregulation and SERCA remodeling in hyperglycemic rats. The results suggest that sEH/EETs may be an effective therapeutic target for cardioprotection in insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Fallahi F, Roghani M, Moghadami S. Citrus flavonoid naringenin improves aortic reactivity in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2012; 44:382-6. [PMID: 22701251 PMCID: PMC3371464 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.96350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Cardiovascular disorders continue to constitute major causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. In this study, the effect of chronic administration of naringenin was investigated on aortic reactivity of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Male diabetic rats (n=32) were divided into control, naringenin-treated control, diabetic, and naringenin-treated diabetic groups of eight animals each. The latter group received naringenin for 5 weeks at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day after diabetes induction. The contractile responses to potassium chloride (KCl) and phenylephrine (PE) and relaxation response to acetylcholine (ACh) were obtained from aortic rings. Meanwhile, participation of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial vasodilator factors in response to ACh were evaluated using N (G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and indomethacin (INDO), respectively. Results: Maximum contractile response of endothelium-intact rings to KCl and PE was significantly (P<0.05) lower in naringenin-treated diabetic rats as compared to untreated diabetics. Endothelium-dependent relaxation to ACh was significantly (P<0.05-0.01) higher in naringenin-treated diabetic rats as compared to diabetic ones and pretreatment of rings with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N (G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) significantly (P<0.001) attenuated the observed response. Conclusion: Chronic treatment of diabetic rats with naringenin could prevent some abnormal changes in vascular reactivity in diabetic rats through nitric oxide and endothelium integrity is necessary for this beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faramarz Fallahi
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Neurophysiology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
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