Effect of resveratrol on inflammatory cytokines: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

The effects of selected phytochemicals on schizophrenia symptoms: A review

There are suggested treatment options for schizophrenia (SZ), including antipsychotic medications. Unfortunately, these drugs mostly ameliorate only the positive symptoms of SZ, and patients have less tendency for compliance due to the drug's side effects. Hence, there is a need for additional or adjunct therapeutic options. This review considers selected phytochemicals with anti-schizophrenic activity as an alternative therapy. We searched the scientific literature and reviewed the evidence from pre-clinical (animal) and clinical studies using some phytochemicals in SZ. The reviewed phytochemicals provided varying potential beneficial effects on SZ. Of particular interest, berberine may provide additional ameliorative advantages against the disorder. Although still nascent in scientific research, these studies suggest a potential adjunct therapeutic option against the pathophysiological pathways implicated in SZ. We recommend robust, carefully performed randomized controlled trials evaluating the role of these phytochemicals in SZ.

The Importance of Mitochondrial Processes in the Maturation and Acquisition of Competences of Oocytes and Embryo Culture

Mitochondria, as multifunctional and partially independent structures, play a crucial role in determining essential life processes. Recently, their significance in reproductive biology has gained increasing attention. This review aims to comprehensively analyse the role of mitochondrial processes in oocyte maturation and embryo culture. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to highlight the importance of mitochondrial activity in the early stages of life formation. Proper mitochondrial function provides energy, maintains genomic stability, and ensures optimal conditions for fertilisation and embryo progression. Understanding these processes is essential to optimise culture conditions and identify new mitochondrial biomarkers that improve reproductive success and improve assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Enhancing mitochondrial function in female reproductive cells is the key to improving oocyte and embryo quality, which can lead to better in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer. Furthermore, advances in diagnostic techniques, such as mitochondrial genome sequencing, offer a more precise understanding of the relationship between mitochondrial health and oocyte quality. However, fully understanding mitochondrial functions is only part of the challenge. Expanding knowledge of the interactions between mitochondria and other cellular structures is crucial for future advancements in reproductive medicine. Understanding these complex relationships will provide deeper insight into improving reproductive outcomes and embryo development.

Regulatory effects of resveratrol on nitric oxide signaling in cardiovascular diseases

Cardiovascular illnesses are multifactorial disorders and represent the primary reasons for death worldwide, according to the World Health Organization. As a signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO) is extremely permeable across cellular membranes owing to its unique molecular features, like its small molecular size, lipophilicity, and free radical properties. Some of the biological effects of NO are vasodilation, inhibition in the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells, and functional regulation of cardiac cells. Several therapeutic approaches have been tested to increase the production of NO or some downstream NO signaling pathways. The health benefits of red wine are typically attributed to the polyphenolic phytoalexin, resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), which is found in several plant species. Resveratrol has beneficial cardiovascular properties, some of which are mediated through endothelial nitric oxide synthase production (eNOS). Resveratrol promotes NO generation from eNOS through various methods, including upregulation of eNOS expression, activation in the enzymatic activity of eNOS, and reversal of eNOS uncoupling. Additionally, by reducing of oxidative stress, resveratrol inhibits the formation of superoxide and inactivation NO, increasing NO bioavailability. This review discusses the scientific literature on resveratrol's beneficial impact on NO signaling and how this effect improves the function of vascular endothelium.

Effect of oral resveratrol-loaded nanoliposomes on hyperlipidemia via toll-like receptor 3 and TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β protein expression in an animal model

Hyperlipidemia, a critical risk factor for various health conditions, necessitates innovative therapeutic strategies. Investigating the effectiveness of liposomal formulations in managing hyperlipidemia is essential. Resveratrol (RES)-loaded nanoliposomes present a promising new approach for hyperlipidemia treatment. In this study, we investigated the anti-hyperlipidemic potential of RES-loaded nanoliposomes in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. The nanoliposomes were prepared using a thin-film hydration method. According to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) results, the mean size of prepared RES-loaded nanoliposomes were about 42 nm and 68 nm, respectively, with a zeta potential of -65.6 mV. The entrapment efficiency and loading content were 83.78% and 14.25%, respectively. Additionally, the RES-loaded nanoliposomes exhibited controlled release kinetics compared to the free RES form. Moreover, in a hyperlipidemic rat model induced by an HFD, orally administered RES-loaded nanoliposomes significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), while concurrently increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Additionally, liver damage induced by HFD was alleviated by RES-loaded nanoliposomes. The expression levels of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) were assessed using fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Notably, RES-loaded nanoliposomes significantly reduced the expression of these protein. The effect of RES-loaded nanoliposomes was measured on body weight of HFD rats, demonstrting RES-loaded nanoliposomes hold promise for weight management. These findings underscore the potential of RES-loaded nanoliposomes as a safe and effective therapeutic option for hyperlipidemia.

Resveratrol potentiates BCG-induced trained immunity in human monocytes

Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol derived from plants such as grapes and berries. In addition to its role in plants during injury and infection, various cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and longevity-promoting effects were reported in diverse model organisms. The primary target of resveratrol is the deacetylase Sirtuin 1, which regulates many immunological processes, including BCG-induced trained immunity response in humans. We, therefore, investigated the effect of resveratrol on trained immunity induced by BCG, β-glucan (BG), Candida albicans, or oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Using an in vitro model of trained immunity with monocytes obtained from healthy donors, we demonstrate that resveratrol amplifies BCG-induced trained immunity regarding IL-6 and TNFα production after a secondary challenge. Although resveratrol did not improve and even limited glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and reactive oxygen species production, it enhanced the permissive epigenetic mark H3K27Ac on IL-6 and TNFα promoters. In contrast to BCG-induced trained immunity, resveratrol potently inhibited training induced by BG, C. albicans, oxLDL, and muramyl dipeptide, a peptidoglycan component of BCG. Resveratrol's unique boosting effect on BCG training depended on BCG being alive and metabolically active. These results suggest that resveratrol might amplify the effects of BCG vaccination, which should be mechanistically characterized further. In addition, resveratrol could alleviate oxLDL-induced training of innate immune cells in atherosclerosis, and in vivo studies of trained immunity combined with resveratrol are warranted to explore these therapeutic possibilities.

Beneficial effects of resveratrol on diabetes mellitus and its complications: focus on mechanisms of action

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant global health issue, associated with various microvascular and macrovascular complications that significantly impair patients' quality of life as well as healthspan and lifespan. Despite the availability of several anti-diabetic medications with different mechanisms of action, there remains no definite curative treatment. Hence, discovering new efficient complementary therapies is essential. Natural products have received significant attention due to their advantages in various pathological conditions. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol that possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and its efficacy has been previously investigated in several diseases, including DM. Herein, we aimed to provide a holistic view of the signaling pathways and mechanisms of action through which resveratrol exerts its effects against DM and its complications.

Senile Osteoarthritis Regulated by the Gut Microbiota: From Mechanisms to Treatments

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, progressive degenerative joint disease that affects the entire synovial joint, leading to the progressive degeneration of articular cartilage. It seriously affects the quality of life and global disability of patients. OA is affected by a variety of factors; the most significant risk factor for OA is age. As individuals age, the risk and severity of OA increase due to the exacerbation of cartilage degeneration and wear and tear. In recent years, research has indicated that the gut microbiota may play a significant role in the aging and OA processes. It is anticipated that regulating the gut microbiota may offer novel approaches to the treatment of OA. The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between the gut microbiota and senile OA, to investigate the potential mechanisms involved. This review also summarizes the therapeutic strategies related to gut flora in OA management, such as prebiotics and probiotics, diet, exercise, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) modification, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), highlighting the potential clinical value of gut flora and elucidating the current challenges. The foundation for future research directions is established through the summarization of current research progress.

Harnessing the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals in neuroblastoma

Neuroblastomas are the most common solid tumors outside of the brain that originate from immature neural crest cells, accounting for about 10% of all pediatric malignancies. The treatment for neuroblastomas involves a multimodal schedule, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. All these modalities are limited by side effects that might be severe, poor prognosis, and a high risk of recurrence. In the quest for additional therapeutic approaches, phytochemicals have attracted attention owing to their reported antitumor properties, safety, and multimechanistic mode of action. Several studies have used plant-derived bioactive compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids, suggesting modulation of biomolecules and signal transduction pathways involved in neuroblastoma. We reviewed the findings of recent preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating the effects of phytochemicals on neuroblastoma, shedding light on their molecular mechanism of action and potential therapeutic applications.

The potential cardioprotective bioactive compounds in fermented alcoholic beverages: Mechanisms, challenges, and opportunities in beer and wine

Excessive alcohol consumption is detrimental to human health, and it is implicated in the development of heart disease, stroke, and cancer. However, the last few decades have given rise to epidemiological evidence suggesting that low-to-moderate consumption of red wine and beer may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown that moderate consumption of wine and beer protects against ischemic stroke, increases HDL plasma concentrations, and reduces platelet aggregation and insulin resistance. This cardioprotective effect has previously been attributed to phytochemicals in these beverages. This narrative review explores these potential cardioprotective phytochemicals and the underlying mechanisms responsible. Data from trials investigating the effect of alcoholic beverage consumption and in vitro analyses of the bioactive phytochemical compounds are reviewed. The potential of dealcoholized beverages is also explored. The literature shows that the cardioprotective effects observed with moderate alcohol consumption are mainly owing to the presence of anti-inflammatory polyphenolic and bioactive substances including lipophilic molecules present in low but biologically significant quantities. These phytochemicals are obtained from the raw materials and generated during the brewing processes. Studies indicate that dealcoholized variants of beer and wine also possess beneficial health effects, indicating that these effects are not alcohol dependent. There is also growing interest in dealcoholized beverages that are fortified or enhanced with cardioprotective properties. The development of such beverages is an important avenue of future research so that there are options for consumers who wish to enjoy wine and beer safely.

Polymer nanotherapeutics: A promising approach toward microglial inhibition in neurodegenerative diseases

Nanoparticles (NPs) that target multiple transport mechanisms facilitate targeted delivery of active therapeutic agents to the central nervous system (CNS) and improve therapeutic transport and efficacy across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). CNS nanotherapeutics mostly target neurons and endothelial cells, however, microglial immune cells are the first line of defense against neuronal damage and brain infections. Through triggering release of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and proteases, microglia can however precipitate neurological damage-a significant factor in neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, microglial inhibitory agents are attracting much attention among those researching and developing novel treatments for neurodegenerative disorders. The most established inhibitors of microglia investigated to date are resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, and minocycline. Thus, there is great interest in developing novel agents that can bypass or easily cross the BBB. One such approach is the use of modified-nanocarriers as, or for, delivery of, therapeutic agents to the brain and wider CNS. For microglial inhibition, polymeric NPs are the preferred vehicles for choice. Here, we summarize the immunologic and neuroinflammatory role of microglia, established microglia inhibitor agents, challenges of CNS drug delivery, and the nanotherapeutics explored for microglia inhibition to date. We also discuss applications of the currently considered "most useful" polymeric NPs for microglial-inhibitor drug delivery in CNS-related diseases.

Resveratrol as an Anti-inflammatory Agent in Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression

BACKGROUND

Resveratrol is a non-flavonoid polyphenol that shows promise in reducing pro-inflammatory factors and maintaining endothelial function, which hints at its potential role in slowing atherosclerosis and preventing acute coronary events.

OBJECTIVE

To study the cardioprotective effects of resveratrol on inflammatory mediators and endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

METHODS

A thorough search was conducted in databases (Cochrane Library, ProQuest, PubMed, LILACS, ScienceDirect, Springer, Taylor&Francis, CNKI, Wanfang, and Weipu) until September 24, 2023. The vasopro-inflammatory mediators, endothelial function and outcomes related to cardiovascular events were observed. Titles and abstracts were assessed, and bias was evaluated with Cochrane RoB 2.0. Heterogeneity of results was explored by meta-regression, certainty of evidence was assessed by the GRADE system, and conclusive evidence was enhanced by trial sequence analysis.

RESULTS

Ten randomized controlled trials and 3 animal studies investigated resveratrol's impact on inflammatory mediators and endothelial function. In primary prevention studies, meta-analysis showed a significant reduction (95% CI: -0.73 to -0.20; P=0.0005) in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression with resveratrol, demonstrating a dose-dependent relationship. No significant difference was observed in interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression with P=0.58 for primary prevention and P=0.57 for secondary prevention. Vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression was significantly increased after resveratrol pre-treatment following CAD events. Secondary prevention studies yielded no significant results; however, meta-regression identified associations between age, hypertension, and lower doses with the extent of TNF-α alterations. High certainty of evidence supported TNF-α reduction, while evidence for IL-6 reduction and eNOS elevation was deemed low.

CONCLUSION

Resveratrol reduces TNF-α in individuals at risk for CAD, specifically 15 mg per day. However, its usefulness in patients with confirmed CAD is limited due to factors such as age, high blood pressure, and insufficient dosage. Due to the small sample size, the reduction of IL-6 is inconclusive. Animal studies suggest that resveratrol enhances endothelial function by increasing eNOS. (PROSPERO registration No. CRD42023465234).

Protective Effects of Plant-Derived Compounds Against Traumatic Brain Injury

Inflammation in the nervous system is one of the key features of many neurodegenerative diseases. It is increasingly being identified as a critical pathophysiological primitive mechanism associated with chronic neurodegenerative diseases following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Phytochemicals have a wide range of clinical properties due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Currently, there are few drugs available for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases other than symptomatic relief. Numerous studies have shown that plant-derived compounds, in particular polyphenols, protect against various neurodegenerative diseases and are safe for consumption. Polyphenols exert protective effects on TBI via restoration of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), and Nod-like receptor family proteins (NLRPs) pathways. In addition, these phytochemicals and their derivatives upregulate the phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways, which have critical functions in modulating TBI symptoms. There is supporting evidence that medicinal plants and phytochemicals are protective in different TBI models, though future clinical trials are needed to clarify the precise mechanisms and functions of different polyphenolic compounds in TBI.

Promising Roles of Phytocompounds and Nutrients in Interventions to Mitigate Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy

OBJECTIVES

Provide an overview of scientific reports and literature related to the role(s) of phytocompounds and nutrients in neuroprotection. Discuss how these properties may inform nutrition- and dietary interventions to mitigate chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), for which there are no effective treatments.

METHODS

A literature search (2010-2023) was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar where search terms-diet, nutrition, neuroprotection, neurodegenerative diseases, and social determinants of health-were used to narrow articles. From this search, manuscripts were reviewed to provide an overview of the neuroprotective properties of various phytocompounds and nutrients and their observed effects in neurodegenerative conditions and CIPN. Social determinant of health factors (SDOH) related to economic stability and access to nutritious foods were also reviewed as potential barriers to dietary interventions.

RESULTS

Twenty-eight publications were included in this literature review. Phytocompounds found in green tea (EGCG), turmeric (curcumin), cruciferous vegetables (sulforaphane), as well as certain vitamins, are promising, targeted interventions to mitigate CIPN. SDOH factors such as economic instability and limited access to nutritious foods may act as barriers to dietary interventions and limit their generalizability.

CONCLUSION

Dietary interventions focused on the use of phytocompounds and vitamins with known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, hold promise and may provide patients with natural, non-pharmacological therapeutics for the management and/or prevention of CIPN. However, rigorous clinical trial research is needed to explore these effects in humans.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE

Nurses support cancer survivors at the point-of-care, particularly during and after neurotoxic chemotherapy treatments. If future research supports dietary interventions to mitigate CIPN, nurses will ultimately be positioned to help translate this knowledge into clinical practice through educating patients on how to infuse nutrient-rich foods into their diets. Further, nurses will need to be conscious of SDOH factors that may impede access to these foods.

Harnessing the capacity of phytochemicals to enhance immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy of cancers: A focus on brain malignancies

Brain cancers, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are challenging health issues with frequent unmet aspects. Today, discovering safe and effective therapeutic modalities for brain tumors is among the top research interests. Immunotherapy is an emerging area of investigation in cancer treatment. Since immune checkpoints play fundamental roles in repressing anti-cancer immunity, diverse immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been developed, and some monoclonal antibodies have been approved clinically for particular cancers; nevertheless, there are significant concerns regarding their efficacy and safety in brain tumors. Among the various tools to modify the immune checkpoints, phytochemicals show good effectiveness and excellent safety, making them suitable candidates for developing better ICIs. Phytochemicals regulate multiple immunological checkpoint-related signaling pathways in cancer biology; however, their efficacy for clinical cancer immunotherapy remains to be established. Here, we discussed the involvement of immune checkpoints in cancer pathology and summarized recent advancements in applying phytochemicals in modulating immune checkpoints in brain tumors to highlight the state-of-the-art and give constructive prospects for future research.

Resveratrol and tetrahydroisoquinoline effects on neutrophil sensitivity to NETosis formation in low-risk essential thrombocythemia patients

INTRODUCTION

Recent studies scrutinize how NETosis (a unique cell death mechanism of neutrophil), impacts thrombosis patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET). This research evaluates the susceptibility of ET neutrophils to form NETs and tests two potential inhibitors, resveratrol (RSV) and tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ), in vitro.

METHODS

Platelet-rich plasma from low-risk ET patients was used, along with neutrophils from both patients and controls. NET formation assays, with or without RSV and THIQ treatment after LPS stimulation, were conducted in a CO2 incubator. Evaluation included flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy for NET formation and ELISA for TNFα, IL8, and vWF:Ag levels in patient and control plasma.

RESULTS

Neutrophils from ET patients released more NETs than controls, confirmed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Additionally, patients had significantly higher plasma levels of IL8 and TNFα compared to controls, while RSV was more effective than THIQ in reducing NETosis rates in these patients.

CONCLUSIONS

In ET patients, a platelet counts over 1 million indicates the need for preventive treatment against thrombotic events. Similarly, in this study, RSV and THIQ significantly reduced the rate of NETosis in ET patients with higher platelet counts, and this role was more prominent in the case of the second inhibitor (RSV).

Modulatory Effects of Phytochemicals on Gut-Brain Axis: Therapeutic Implication

This article explores the potential therapeutic implications of phytochemicals on the gut-brain axis (GBA), which serves as a communication network between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system. Phytochemicals, which are compounds derived from plants, have been shown to interact with the gut microbiota, immune system, and neurotransmitter systems, thereby influencing brain function. Phytochemicals such as polyphenols, carotenoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids have been identified as having potential therapeutic implications for various neurological disorders. The GBA plays a critical role in the development and progression of various neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, depression, anxiety, and autism spectrum disorders. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in gut microbiota composition, has been associated with a range of neurological disorders, suggesting that modulating the gut microbiota may have potential therapeutic implications for these conditions. Although these findings are promising, further research is needed to elucidate the optimal use of phytochemicals in neurological disorder treatment, as well as their potential interactions with other medications. The literature review search was conducted using predefined search terms such as phytochemicals, gut-brain axis, neurodegenerative, and Parkinson in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library.

The Combinational Effect of Inulin and Resveratrol on the Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Level in a Rat Model of Diabetic Nephropathy

Background

Using inulin can enhance resveratrol's effects by improving the intestinal microbiome and the stability of resveratrol.

Objectives

We aimed to investigate the effect of therapeutic intervention with combined inulin and resveratrol on kidney function in diabetic rats.

Methods

Diabetic model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Afterward, rats were divided into 6 groups: control, diabetic without treatment, diabetic treated with insulin, diabetic treated with resveratrol, diabetic treated with inulin, and diabetic treated with a combination of inulin and resveratrol. After 10 wk, the creatinine, urea, insulin, urinary proteins, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were evaluated. Pathologic changes were examined in kidney tissues.

Results

Renal dysfunction, accompanied by increased inflammation and oxidative stress, was observed. Our results showed that treatment with resveratrol and inulin had antidiabetic effects and was associated with reduced renal dysfunction, oxidative stress, and kidney inflammation. In addition, it was observed that combined treatment with inulin and resveratrol outperformed monotherapies in improving kidney function and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.

Conclusions

Treatment with resveratrol and inulin can have renoprotective effects by improving oxidative stress and inflammation in kidney tissues. Therefore, employing these 2 compounds is suggested as an inexpensive and available method for diabetic nephropathy.

Potential drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

It is well known that amyloid precursor protein (APP), the enzyme β-secretase 1 (BACE1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), nicastrin (NCT), and hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) are closely related to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, recent evidence shows that neuroinflammation also contributes to the pathogenesis of AD. Although the mechanism is not clearly known, such inflammation could alter the activity of the aforementioned molecules. Therefore, the use of anti-inflammatory agents could slow the progression of the disease. Nimesulide, resveratrol, and citalopram are three anti-inflammatory agents that could contribute to a decrease in neuroinflammation and consequently to a decrease in the overexpression of APP, BACE1, COX-2, NCT, and p-Tau, as they possess anti-inflammatory effects that could regulate the expression of APP, BACE1, COX-2, NCT, and p-Tau of potent pro-inflammatory markers indirectly involved in the expression of APP, BACE1, NCT, COX-2, and p-Tau; therefore, their use could be beneficial as preventive treatment as well as in the early stages of AD.

The effects of phytochemicals on serum triglycerides in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of phytochemicals on lipid parameters in patients with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar from inception up to October 2021 to recognize randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of phytochemicals on lipid profiles in patients with HTG. Forty-eight RCTs including 53 arms and comprising 3,478 HTG patients met the eligibility criteria. Phytochemicals significantly reduced the serum levels of triglycerides in 32 out 53 arms, total cholesterol in 22 out of 51, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 21 out of 48, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 1 out of 5, apolipoprotein B in 2 out of 4, and lipoprotein(a) levels in 2 out of 4 arms. Furthermore, phytochemicals supplementation increased the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 15 out of 48 arms. In brief, phytochemicals supplementation might have beneficial effects on HTG. In most of the studies, phytochemicals had a favorable effect on at least one of the lipid parameters.

Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Containing Resveratrol-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles as an Adjuvant in Atopic Dermatitis Treatment

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common disease-causing skin inflammation, redness, and irritation, which can eventually result in infection that drastically impacts patient quality of life. Resveratrol (Res) is a natural phytochemical famed for its excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, it is poorly bioavailable. Thus, a drug delivery system is needed to enhance in vivo bioactivity. Herein, we report the preparation of hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels containing resveratrol-loaded chitosan (CS) nanoparticles, their physicochemical analysis, and their potential therapeutic effects in the treatment of AD. Positively charged CS nanoparticles prepared by tripolyphosphate (TPP) gelation showed sizes ranging from 120 to around 500 nm and Res encapsulation efficiency as high as 80%. Embedding the nanoparticles in HA retarded their hydrolytic degradation and also slowed resveratrol release. Resveratrol released from nanoparticle-loaded hydrogel counteracted the oxidative damage induced by ROS generation in TNF-α/INF-γ-treated human keratinocytes (HaCaT) used as an AD in vitro model. Moreover, pre-treatment with Res@gel reduced secretion and gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in HaCaT cells. The physicochemical analysis and in vitro assay confirmed that the formulated hydrogel could be considered an efficient and sustained resveratrol delivery vector in AD treatment.

Anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol in patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BACKGROUND

Chronic inflammation is one of the most important factors involved in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVDs). Accumulating evidence has described the effect of resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound, on biomarkers of inflammation among patients with CVDs; however, findings are controversial. Here we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effect of resveratrol supplements on TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP levels in CVDs patients.

METHODS

Online research was conducted in the following database: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science databases, and Scopus. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the effects of resveratrol supplements on inflammatory biomarkers among patients with CVDs. The meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) V3 software.

RESULTS

Six RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were selected for the current meta-analysis. Our results demonstrated that resveratrol significantly decreases serum levels of CRP (MD= -0.63, 95% CI: -0.1.13, -0.12; p = 0.01), and TNF-α (MD= -0.55, 95% CI: -1.04, -0.06; p = 0.02), however, resveratrol had not significant effect on serum concentration of IL-6 (MD= -0.12, 95% CI: -0.52, 0.27; p = 0.53), in patients with CVDs.

CONCLUSION

Our results suggest that resveratrol can be used as a potential treatment in patients with CVD by reducing inflammatory conditions.