1
|
Posada VM, Ramírez J, Civantos A, Fernández-Morales P, Allain JP. Ion-bombardment-driven surface modification of porous magnesium scaffolds: Enhancing biocompatibility and osteoimmunomodulation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113717. [PMID: 38157767 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Porous Mg scaffolds are promising for bone repair but are limited by high corrosion rates and challenges in preserving coating integrity. We used Directed Plasma Nanosynthesis (DPNS) at 400 eV and a fluence of 1 × 1018 cm-2 to augment the bioactivity and corrosion resistance of porous Mg scaffolds, maintaining their overall material integrity. DPNS creates nanostructures that increase surface area, promote apatite nucleation, and enhance osseointegration, improving the bioactivity and corrosion resistance of porous Mg scaffolds without compromising their structure. Our findings indicate a decrease in surface roughness, with pre-irradiated samples having Rq = 60.4 ± 5.3 nm andRa = 48.2 ± 3.1 nm, and post-DPNS samples showing Rq = 36.9 ± 0.3 nm andRa = 28.6 ± 0.8 nm. This suggests changes in topography and wettability, corroborated by the increased water contact angles (CA) of 129.2 ± 3.2 degrees. The complexity of the solution influences the CA: DMEM results in a CA of 120.4 ± 0.1 degrees, while DMEM + SBF decreases it to 103.6 ± 0.5 degrees, in contrast to the complete spreading observed in non-irradiated samples. DPNS-treated scaffolds exhibit significantly reduced corrosion rates at 5.7 × 10-3 ± 3.8 × 10-4 mg/cm²/day, compared to the control's 2.3 × 10-2 ± 3.2 × 10-4 mg/cm²/day over 14 days (P < 0.01). The treatment encourages the formation of a Ca-phosphate-rich phase, which facilitates cell spreading and the development of focal adhesion points in hBM-MSCs on the scaffolds. Additionally, J774A.1 murine macrophages show an enhanced immune response with diminished TNF-α cytokine expression. These results offer insights into nanoscale modifications of Mg-based biomaterials and their promise for bone substitutes or tissue engineering scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana M Posada
- Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mines, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia; Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
| | - Juan Ramírez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mines, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia.
| | - Ana Civantos
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | | | - Jean Paul Allain
- Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA; Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sovík J, Kajánek D, Pastorek F, Štrbák M, Florková Z, Jambor M, Hadzima B. The Effect of Mechanical Pretreatment on the Electrochemical Characteristics of PEO Coatings Prepared on Magnesium Alloy AZ80. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5650. [PMID: 37629940 PMCID: PMC10456923 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this article is to provide new information on the effects of mechanical pretreatment of AZ80 magnesium alloy ground with SiC emery papers of different grain sizes on the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process and corrosion properties of AZ80 in 0.1 M NaCl solution. Then, the roughness of the coated samples was measured by confocal microscopy. The corrosion properties of the ground and coated surfaces were determined by potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) within 1 h of exposure, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed during 168 h of exposure at laboratory temperature. Consequently, the obtained results of the PDP measurements were evaluated by the Tafel analysis and the EIS evaluation was performed by the equivalent circuit analysis through Nyquist diagrams. The morphology and structure of PEO coatings were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) through the secondary imaging technology, and the presence of certain elements in PEO coatings was analyzed by EDS analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ján Sovík
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia;
| | - Daniel Kajánek
- Research Centre, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia; (D.K.); (F.P.); (Z.F.); (B.H.)
| | - Filip Pastorek
- Research Centre, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia; (D.K.); (F.P.); (Z.F.); (B.H.)
| | - Milan Štrbák
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia;
| | - Zuzana Florková
- Research Centre, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia; (D.K.); (F.P.); (Z.F.); (B.H.)
| | - Michal Jambor
- Institute of Physics of Materials, Czech Academy of Sciences, Žižkova 513/22, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Branislav Hadzima
- Research Centre, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia; (D.K.); (F.P.); (Z.F.); (B.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang S, Jiang J, Zou X, Liu N, Wang H, Yang L, Zhou H, Liang C. Progress of laser surface treatment on magnesium alloy. Front Chem 2022; 10:999630. [PMID: 36212058 PMCID: PMC9538561 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.999630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) metals have been widely used in various fields as one of the most promising lightweight structural materials. However, the low corrosion resistance and poor mechanical properties restrict its applications. Surface treatments are common approach to enhance the mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of Mg metals. Among them, laser surface treatment generates novel tissues and structures in situ on the sample surface, thereby improving properties of mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. We briefly describe the changes in surface organization that arise after laser treatment of Mg surfaces, as well as the creation of structures such as streaks, particles, holes, craters, etc., and provide an overview of the reasons for the alterations. The effect of laser processing on wettability, hardness, friction wear, degradation, biocompatibility and mechanical properties were reviewed. At last, the limitations and development trend of laser treatment on Mg metals research were further pointed out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiliang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Center for Health Sciences and Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Smart Theranostics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianrui Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongshui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Center for Health Sciences and Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Smart Theranostics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Center for Health Sciences and Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Smart Theranostics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyong Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Changzhou Blon Minimally Invasive Medical Devices Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gerengi H, Cabrini M, Solomon MM, Kaya E. Understanding the Corrosion Behavior of the AZ91D Alloy in Simulated Body Fluid through the Use of Dynamic EIS. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:11929-11938. [PMID: 35449899 PMCID: PMC9016872 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (dynamic EIS) has the capacity to track changes on surfaces in a changing corrosive system, an advantage it holds over classical EIS. We used the dynamic EIS approach to provide insight into the corrosion behavior of the AZ91D Mg alloy in simulated body fluid for 30 h at 25 °C. The results reveal that the impedance response of the alloy is influenced by the immersion time. Between 0 and 7 h, impedance with three time constants was obtained, whereas two-time-constant impedance spectra were obtained between 8 and 30 h of immersion. The results confirm the breakdown of the corrosion product at longer immersion times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Husnu Gerengi
- Corrosion
Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty
of Engineering, Düzce University, 81620 Düzce, Turkey
- Department
of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University
of Bergamo, 24044 Bergamo BG, Italy
| | - Marina Cabrini
- Department
of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University
of Bergamo, 24044 Bergamo BG, Italy
| | - Moses M. Solomon
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Canaanland, Km10, Idiroko Road, 112104 Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ertugrul Kaya
- Corrosion
Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty
of Engineering, Düzce University, 81620 Düzce, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-6Al Alloy Processed by Differential Speed Rolling upon Post-Annealing Treatment. METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11060926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium-6 wt.% aluminum (Mg-6Al) alloy plates with a 6-millimeter thickness were processed from an initial 12-millimeter thickness by differential speed rolling (DSR), with a 0.76-millimeter thickness reduction per pass using a speed ratio of 2, preheating temperature of 315 °C, and roll temperature of 265 °C. The effects of annealing temperature of 250, 275, and 300 °C with a corresponding holding time of 15 min on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties were investigated. Key results show that dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurred during the roll processing, resulting in a greatly reduced grain size. In addition, the basal pole of the as-rolled plate was inclined to the rolling direction (RD) by ~20°, due to the shear strain introduced during DSR. Subsequent annealing caused grain growth, eliminated the basal pole inclination towards the RD, and slightly increased the pole intensity. Compared with the as-rolled plate, the average of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the yield strength (YS) of the annealed plates decreased, while the average elongation at fracture (εf) increased. With the annealing temperature of 275 °C, the plate achieved a good combination of mechanical properties with UTS, YS, and εf being 292.1 MPa, 185.0 MPa, and 24.9%, respectively. These results suggest that post-roll annealing is an effective way to improve the mechanical response of this Mg alloy processed by DSR.
Collapse
|
6
|
Experimental Apparent Stern–Geary Coefficients for AZ31B Mg Alloy in Physiological Body Fluids for Accurate Corrosion Rate Determination. METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11030391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The corrosion behavior of AZ31B Mg alloy exposed to Ringer’s, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Hank’s, and simulated body fluid (SBF) solutions for 4 days was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization, weight loss, and surface characterization. Changes in corrosion rates with immersion time determined by weight loss measurements were compared with EIS data to determine the possibility of obtaining quantitative electrochemical information. In addition, changes in the protective properties of the corrosion product layer calculated from the EIS parameters were evaluated as a function of their surface chemical composition as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and visual observations of the corroded specimen’s surface. Apparent Stern–Geary coefficients for the AZ31B Mg alloy in each test solution were calculated using the relationship between icorr from weight loss measurements and the EIS data (both Rp and Rt). This provided experimental reference B′ values that may be used as a useful tool in independent investigations to improve the accuracy of corrosion rates of AZ31B Mg alloy in simulated body solutions.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma J, Hu P, Jia X, Zhang C, Wang G. Organic/inorganic double solutions for magnesium–air batteries. RSC Adv 2021; 11:7502-7510. [PMID: 35423265 PMCID: PMC8695052 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10528g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to limit the anode corrosion and improve the battery activity, magnesium–air batteries with organic/inorganic double solutions (0.5 M Mg(ClO4)2–N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)/0.6 M NaCl–H2O, 0.5 M Mg(ClO4)2–acetonitrile (AN)/0.6 M NaCl–H2O) were prepared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Ma
- Research Center for High Purity Materials
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471023
- PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nonferrous Metals, Henan Province
| | - Pengfei Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471023
- PR China
| | - Xingliang Jia
- Research Center for High Purity Materials
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471023
- PR China
| | - Chenfei Zhang
- Research Center for High Purity Materials
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471023
- PR China
| | - Guangxin Wang
- Research Center for High Purity Materials
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471023
- PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Corrosion behavior of an AZ91D magnesium alloy under a heterogeneous electrolyte layer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234981. [PMID: 32574186 PMCID: PMC7310731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The corrosion behavior of an AZ91D magnesium alloy was investigated under a heterogeneous electrolyte layer by using electrochemical methods and surface analysis techniques. Dynamic polarization curves and morphological characterization were obtained at the center and near the edge zones under the electrolyte layer. The influence of the gas/liquid/solid three-phase boundary zone (TPB) on the corrosion behavior of the AZ91D magnesium alloy was discussed. The corrosion rate changed more significantly near the TPB zone than that at the other zones. The AZ91D alloy exhibited the characteristics of filiform corrosion together with shallow pitting corrosion. Different from the randomly distributed shallow pits, the filiform corrosion preferred to initiate near the TPB region and then progressively expanded adjacent to the edge of the electrolyte layer. The TPB zone played a vital role in determining the corrosion location, the corrosion morphologies and the corrosion rate of the magnesium alloy by influencing the mass transport process of carbon dioxide.
Collapse
|
9
|
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for the Measurement of the Corrosion Rate of Magnesium Alloys: Brief Review and Challenges. METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/met10060775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
From a technological point of view, measurement of the corrosion rate of magnesium (Mg) and its alloys is critical for lifetime predictions of Mg-based structures and for comparative assessments of their corrosion protection ability. Whilst weight loss, hydrogen evolution, and polarization curves methods are frequently used for measuring the corrosion rate, the determination of values by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is relatively scarce and has only been realized recently. This technique seems to be the most suitable for monitoring corrosion rate values due to its “non-destructive” character, its reproducibility, and its reliable determination of small corrosion rates, much lower than those measured by other techniques. This review aims to picture the state-of-the-art technique of using EIS for measuring the corrosion rate of Mg. This paper starts by introducing some fundamental aspects of the most widely used methods for monitoring the corrosion rate of Mg/Mg alloy and continues by briefly explaining some of the fundamental concepts surrounding EIS, which are essential for the user to be able to understand how to interpret the EIS spectra. Lastly, these concepts are applied, and different approaches that have been proposed to obtain quantitative values of corrosion rate since the 1990s are discussed.
Collapse
|
10
|
De-alloying Behavior of Mg-Al alloy in Sulphuric Acid and Acetic Acid Aqueous Solutions. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12132046. [PMID: 31247922 PMCID: PMC6651890 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fabricated Mg–Al alloy consists of α-Mg phase and Mg–Mg17Al12 eutectic phase. The corrosion behavior of cast Mg–Al alloy in sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and acetic acid (HAc) aqueous solutions was investigated. The Mg–Al alloy shows general corrosion in H2SO4 solution, and the α-Mg dendrites revealed a slightly faster corrosion rate than that of the eutectics. In HAc solution, the alloy shows an obvious selective corrosion characteristic, with the α-Mg dendrites being corroded preferentially. Grain orientation plays an important role in corrosion behavior of the alloy in the HAc solutions.
Collapse
|
11
|
Degradation Behaviour of Mg0.6Ca and Mg0.6Ca2Ag Alloys with Bioactive Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coatings. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9060383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) coatings enriched in Ca, P and F were developed on Mg0.6Ca and Mg0.6Ca2Ag alloys with the aim to impede their fast degradation rate. Different characterization techniques (SEM, TEM, EDX, SKPFM, XRD) were used to analyze the surface characteristics and chemical composition of the bulk and/or coated materials. The corrosion behaviour was evaluated using hydrogen evolution measurements in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) at 37 °C for up to 60 days of immersion. PEO-coated Mg0.6Ca showed a 2–3-fold improved corrosion resistance compared with the bulk alloy, which was more relevant to the initial 4 weeks of the degradation process. In the case of the Mg0.6Ag2Ag alloy, the obtained corrosion rates were very high for both non-coated and PEO-coated specimens, which would compromise their application as resorbable implants. The amount of F− ions released from PEO-coated Mg0.6Ca during 24 h of immersion in 0.9% NaCl was also measured due to the importance of F− in antibacterial processes, yielding 33.7 μg/cm2, which is well within the daily recommended limit of F− consumption.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ishizaki T, Miyashita T, Inamura M, Nagashima Y, Serizawa A. Effect of Al Content in the Mg-Based Alloys on the Composition and Corrosion Resistance of Composite Hydroxide Films Formed by Steam Coating. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12071188. [PMID: 30978976 PMCID: PMC6479812 DOI: 10.3390/ma12071188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mg alloys are expected to be used in fields of the transportation industry because of their lightweight property, however, they show low corrosion resistance. To improve the corrosion resistance, preparation of the protective film on Mg alloys is essential. In this study, composite hydroxide films were prepared on three types of Mg alloys with different aluminum contents—that is, AZ31, AZ61, and AZ91D—by steam coating to investigate the relationship between the Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) content in the film and the Al content in the Mg alloys. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation demonstrated that films were formed densely on all Mg alloy surfaces. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed that all films prepared on AZ61 and AZ91D were composed of Mg(OH)2, AlOOH, and Mg-Al LDH, while the film containing Mg(OH)2 and Mg-Al LDH were formed only on AZ31. The Mg-Al LDH content in the film prepared on AZ61 was relatively higher than those prepared on AZ31 and AZ91D. The content of AlOOH in the film increased with an increase in the Al content in the Mg alloys. The film thickness changed depending on the treatment time and type of Mg alloy. Polarization curve measurements in 5 mass% NaCl solution demonstrated that the film prepared on the AZ61 showed complete passive behavior within the potential range of −1.0 to −0.64 V. In addition, immersion tests in 5 mass% NaCl aqueous solution for 480 h demonstrated that the film on the AZ61 had superior durability against 5 mass% NaCl aqueous solution. These results indicated that the film on the AZ61 had the most superior corrosion resistance among all samples. The results obtained in this study suggest that the LDH content in the film could be related to the corrosion resistance of the film.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ishizaki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Miyashita
- Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan.
| | - Momo Inamura
- Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan.
| | - Yuma Nagashima
- Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan.
| | - Ai Serizawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Optimization of AZ91D Process and Corrosion Resistance Using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8081306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Progress on Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques focusing on ceramics and polymers evolves, as metals continue to be a challenging material to manipulate when fabricating products. Current methods, such as Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and Electron Beam Melting (EBM), face many intrinsic limitations due to the nature of their processes. Material selection, elevated cost, and low deposition rates are some of the barriers to consider when one of these methods is to be used for the fabrication of engineering products. The research presented demonstrates the use of a Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) system for the creation of metallic specimens. This project explored the feasibility of fabricating elements made from magnesium alloys with the potential to be used in biomedical applications. It is known that the elastic modulus of magnesium closely approximates that of natural bone than other metals. Thus, stress shielding phenomena can be reduced. Furthermore, the decomposition of magnesium shows no harm inside the human body since it is an essential element in the body and its decomposition products can be easily excreted through the urine. By alloying magnesium with aluminum and zinc, or rare earths such as yttrium, neodymium, cerium, and dysprosium, the structural integrity of specimens inside the human body can be assured. However, the in vivo corrosion rates of these products can be accelerated by the presence of impurities, voids, or segregation created during the manufacturing process. Fast corrosion rates would produce improper healing, which, in turn, involve subsequent surgical intervention. However, in this study, it has been proven that magnesium alloy AZ91D produced by WAAM has higher corrosion resistance than the cast AZ91D. Due to its structure, which has porosity or cracking only at the surface of the individual printed lines, the central sections present a void-less structure composed by an HCP magnesium matrix and a high density of well dispersed aluminum-zinc rich precipitates. Also, specimens created under different conditions have been analyzed in the macroscale and microscale to determine the parameters that yield the best visual and microstructural results.
Collapse
|
14
|
Cui L, Liu Z, Hu P, Shao J, Li X, Du C, Jiang B. The Corrosion Behavior of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy in Simulated Haze Aqueous Solution. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11060970. [PMID: 29890651 PMCID: PMC6024908 DOI: 10.3390/ma11060970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The corrosion process of AZ91D magnesium alloy in simulated haze aqueous solution has been studied by electrochemical measurements, immersion tests and morphology characterization. Results show that AZ91D was corroded heavily in simulated haze aqueous solution due to the loose and breakable product film on the surface providing little corrosion barrier. The effect of different ions was investigated. It was found that both NO3− and NH4+ played an important role in the corrosion process. NO3− helped to form passive film to protect the matrix, yet NH4+ consumed OH−, resulting in the absence of Mg(OH)2 and serious corrosion. Meanwhile, SO42− and Cl− had influence on pitting corrosion. Magnesium aluminum oxide and MgAl2(SO4)4·22H2O instead of Mg(OH)2 were the dominate products, which is different from the former study. Corrosion rate changed with time, especially in the first 3 h. A two-stage corrosion mechanism is proposed after considering both the corrosion process and the influence of ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liying Cui
- Corrosion and Protection Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection (MOE), University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Corrosion and Protection Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection (MOE), University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Peng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Fracture Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jiamin Shao
- Corrosion and Protection Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection (MOE), University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Corrosion and Protection Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection (MOE), University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Cuiwei Du
- Corrosion and Protection Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection (MOE), University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Bin Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Corrosion Behavior of ECAP-Processed AM90 Magnesium Alloy. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-018-3203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
16
|
Xu Y, Qu J, Shen Y, Feng W. Different graphene layers to enhance or prevent corrosion of polycrystalline copper. RSC Adv 2018; 8:15181-15187. [PMID: 35541342 PMCID: PMC9079975 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00412a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene was used as an anticorrosive coating for metals as it can effectively isolate the corrosion factors such as oxygen. However, we found that the anticorrosive and corrosive effects on metal surface were related to graphene layers and metal crystal faces. In this paper, we found that different layers of graphene had significantly different effects on the corrosion of polycrystalline copper during long-term storage under atmospheric conditions. Optical images and Raman spectra showed that single layer graphene (SLG)-coated copper had a higher degree of corrosion than bare copper. However, when covered with CVD in situ-grown bilayer graphene (BLG), the copper foil was effectively prevented from being etched as it exhibited a bright yellow color despite the differences in crystal faces. The surface potential differences measured by an electric force microscope (EFM) showed that a contact potential difference (VCPD) between 30 and 40 mV existed between Cu/SLG and bare copper. The SLG-coated areas had a higher surface potential (SP), which meant that the (SLG)-coated copper was more prone to lose electrons to exhibit galvanic corrosion. The BLG coating made SP of underlying copper lower making it harder to lose electrons; thus, BLG successfully protected the copper from being corroded. These findings have a foreseeable significance for graphene as a metal anti-corrosion coating. The degree of corrosion depends on the crystal faces and number of graphene layers, whereas BLG can be used as an anticorrosion coating.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R China
| | - Jingyi Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R China
| | - Yongtao Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li J, Zhang B, Wei Q, Wang N, Hou B. Electrochemical behavior of Mg-Al-Zn-In alloy as anode materials in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
18
|
Bland LG, Scully L, Scully J. Assessing the Corrosion of Multi-Phase Mg-Al Alloys with High Al Content by Electrochemical Impedance, Mass Loss, Hydrogen Collection, and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry Solution Analysis. CORROSION 2017; 73:526-543. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.5006/2308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie G. Bland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
- Fontana Corrosion Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - L.C. Scully
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
| | - J.R. Scully
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu J, Yang Q, Javed MS, Gong Y, Aslam MK, Chen C. The effects of NaF concentration on electrochemical and corrosion behavior of AZ31B magnesium alloy in a composite electrolyte. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27263k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical and corrosion behavior of AZ31B magnesium alloy have been investigated in composite solution of MgSO4–Mg(NO3)2 (0.14 mol L−1 MgSO4, 1.86 mol L−1 Mg(NO3)2) under different sodium fluoride (NaF) concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Qiaoling Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Sufyan Javed
- Department of Applied Physics
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
- Department of Physics
| | - Youlai Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Kashif Aslam
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Changguo Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ning C, Zhou L, Zhu Y, Li Y, Yu P, Wang S, He T, Li W, Tan G, Wang Y, Mao C. Influence of Surrounding Cations on the Surface Degradation of Magnesium Alloy Implants under a Compressive Pressure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:13561-13570. [PMID: 26652048 PMCID: PMC4924522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of cations in the surrounding solutions on the surface degradation of magnesium alloys, a well-recognized biodegradable biomaterial, has been neglected compared with the effect of anions in the past. To better simulate the compressive environment where magnesium alloys are implanted into the body as a cardiovascular stent, a device is designed and employed in the test so that a pressure, equivalent to the vascular pressure, can be directly applied to the magnesium alloy implants when the alloys are immersed in a medium containing one of the cations (K(+), Na(+), Ca(2+), and Mg(2+)) found in blood plasma. The surface degradation behaviors of the magnesium alloys in the immersion test are then investigated using hydrogen evolution, mass loss determination, electron microscopy, pH value, and potentiodynamic measurements. The cations are found to promote the surface degradation of the magnesium alloys with the degree decreased in the order of K(+) > Na(+) > Ca(2+) > Mg(2+). The possible mechanism of the effects of the cations on the surface degradation is also discussed. This study will allow us to predict the surface degradation of magnesium alloys in the physiological environment and to promote the further development of magnesium alloys as biodegradable biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyun Ning
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Ying Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Peng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Shuangying Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Tianrui He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Weiping Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Guoxin Tan
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhao C, Pan F, Zhao S, Pan H, Song K, Tang A. Microstructure, corrosion behavior and cytotoxicity of biodegradable Mg–Sn implant alloys prepared by sub-rapid solidification. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 54:245-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
22
|
Curioni M, Scenini F, Monetta T, Bellucci F. Correlation between electrochemical impedance measurements and corrosion rate of magnesium investigated by real-time hydrogen measurement and optical imaging. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
23
|
The use of a multiscale approach in electrochemistry to study the corrosion behaviour of as-cast AZ91 magnesium alloy. J Solid State Electrochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-2877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
24
|
Dauphin-Ducharme P, Mauzeroll J. Surface Analytical Methods Applied to Magnesium Corrosion. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7499-509. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504576g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Dauphin-Ducharme
- Laboratory for Electrochemical
Reactive Imaging and Detection of Biological Systems, Department of
Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0G4
| | - Janine Mauzeroll
- Laboratory for Electrochemical
Reactive Imaging and Detection of Biological Systems, Department of
Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0G4
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
ZHANG F, MA A, SONG D, JIANG J, LU F, ZHANG L, YANG D, CHEN J. Improving in-vitro biocorrosion resistance of Mg-Zn-Mn-Ca alloy in Hank's solution through addition of cerium. J RARE EARTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0721(14)60388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
26
|
Shkirskiy V, King AD, Gharbi O, Volovitch P, Scully JR, Ogle K, Birbilis N. Revisiting the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Magnesium with Online Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2014; 16:536-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
27
|
Local flux of hydrogen from magnesium alloy corrosion investigated by scanning electrochemical microscopy. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
28
|
Serdechnova M, Volovitch P, Brisset F, Ogle K. On the cathodic dissolution of Al and Al alloys. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.09.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
29
|
Accurate Electrochemical Measurement of Magnesium Corrosion Rates; a Combined Impedance, Mass-Loss and Hydrogen Collection Study. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.12.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
30
|
Jiang Q, Miao Q, Liang WP, Ying F, Tong F, Xu Y, Ren BL, Yao ZJ, Zhang PZ. Corrosion behavior of arc sprayed Al–Zn–Si–RE coatings on mild steel in 3.5wt% NaCl solution. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.09.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
31
|
Effect of biologically relevant ions on the corrosion products formed on alloy AZ31B: an improved understanding of magnesium corrosion. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8761-70. [PMID: 23535231 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simulated physiological solutions mimicking human plasma have been utilized to study the in vitro corrosion of biodegradable metals. However, corrosion and corrosion product formation are different for different solutions with varied responses and, hence, the prediction of in vivo degradation behavior is not feasible based on these studies alone. This paper reports the role of physiologically relevant salts and their concentrations on the corrosion behavior of a magnesium alloy (AZ31B) and subsequent corrosion production formation. Immersion tests were performed for three different concentrations of Ca(2+), HPO4(2-), HCO3(-) to identify the effect of each ion on the corrosion of AZ31B assessed at 1, 3 and 10 days. Time-lapse morphological characterization of the samples was performed using X-ray computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. The chemical composition of the surface corrosion products was determined by electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show that: (1) calcium is not present in the corrosion product layer when only Cl(-) and OH(-) anions are available; (2) the presence of phosphate induces formation of a densely packed amorphous magnesium phosphate corrosion product layer when HPO4(2-) and Cl(-) are present in solution; (3) octacalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite (HAp) are deposited on the surface of the magnesium alloy when HPO4(2-) and Ca(2+) are present together in NaCl solution (this coating limits localized corrosion and increases general corrosion resistance); (4) addition of HCO3(-) accelerates the overall corrosion rate, which increases with increasing bicarbonate concentration; (5) the corrosion rate decreases due to the formation of insoluble HAp on the surface when HCO3(-), Ca(2+), and HPO4(2-) are present together.
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Wu W, Chen S, Gastaldi D, Petrini L, Mantovani D, Yang K, Tan L, Migliavacca F. Experimental data confirm numerical modeling of the degradation process of magnesium alloys stents. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8730-9. [PMID: 23128160 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable magnesium alloy stents (MAS) could present improved long-term clinical performances over commercial bare metal or drug-eluting stents. However, MAS were found to show limited mechanical support for diseased vessels due to fast degradation. Optimizing stent design through finite element analysis (FEA) is an efficient way to improve such properties. Following previous FEA works on design optimization and degradation modeling of MAS, this work carried out an experimental validation for the developed FEA model, thus proving its practical applicability of simulating MAS degradation. Twelve stent samples of AZ31B were manufactured according to two MAS designs (an optimized one and a conventional one), with six samples of each design. All the samples were balloon expanded and subsequently immersed in D-Hanks' solution for a degradation test lasting 14 days. The experimental results showed that the samples of the optimized design had better corrosion resistance than those of the conventional design. Furthermore, the degradation process of the samples was dominated by uniform and stress corrosion. With the good match between the simulation and the experimental results, the work shows that the FEA numerical modeling constitutes an effective tool for design and thus the improvement of novel biodegradable MAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Structural Engineering Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
The localised corrosion of Mg alloy AZ31 in chloride containing electrolyte studied by a scanning vibrating electrode technique. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.07.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
35
|
Microstructure and corrosion behavior of AZ31 alloys prepared by dual directional extrusion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
36
|
Electrochemical reactivity of trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate ionic liquid on glassy carbon and AZ31 magnesium alloy. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.03.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
37
|
Effect of naturally formed oxide films and other variables in the early stages of Mg-alloy corrosion in NaCl solution. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
38
|
TAKEI R, UMEDA J, KONDOH K. Evaluation of Galvanic Corrosion Phenomenon between α-Mg Matrix and Metallic Dispersoids in Mg Alloys Using Surface Potential Difference. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1299/kikaia.77.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rei TAKEI
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
|
41
|
Wang L, Shinohara T, Zhang BP. Corrosion behavior of Mg, AZ31, and AZ91 alloys in dilute NaCl solutions. J Solid State Electrochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-010-1020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
42
|
Gu XN, Zheng YF, Chen LJ. Influence of artificial biological fluid composition on the biocorrosion of potential orthopedic Mg–Ca, AZ31, AZ91 alloys. Biomed Mater 2009; 4:065011. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/4/6/065011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
43
|
Luo T, Yang Y, Li Y, Dong X. Influence of rare earth Y on the corrosion behavior of as-cast AZ91 alloy. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|