1
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Tort R, Bagger A, Westhead O, Kondo Y, Khobnya A, Winiwarter A, Davies BJV, Walsh A, Katayama Y, Yamada Y, Ryan MP, Titirici MM, Stephens IEL. Searching for the Rules of Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation. ACS Catal 2023; 13:14513-14522. [PMID: 38026818 PMCID: PMC10660346 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c03951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Li-mediated ammonia synthesis is, thus far, the only electrochemical method for heterogeneous decentralized ammonia production. The unique selectivity of the solid electrode provides an alternative to one of the largest heterogeneous thermal catalytic processes. However, it is burdened with intrinsic energy losses, operating at a Li plating potential. In this work, we survey the periodic table to understand the fundamental features that make Li stand out. Through density functional theory calculations and experimentation on chemistries analogous to lithium (e.g., Na, Mg, Ca), we find that lithium is unique in several ways. It combines a stable nitride that readily decomposes to ammonia with an ideal solid electrolyte interphase, balancing reagents at the reactive interface. We propose descriptors based on simulated formation and binding energies of key intermediates and further on hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB principle) to generalize such features. The survey will help the community toward electrochemical systems beyond Li for nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Tort
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Alexander Bagger
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Olivia Westhead
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Yasuyuki Kondo
- Osaka
University, SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research),
Mihogaoka, Osaka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
| | - Artem Khobnya
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Anna Winiwarter
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | | | - Aron Walsh
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Yu Katayama
- Osaka
University, SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research),
Mihogaoka, Osaka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Osaka
University, SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research),
Mihogaoka, Osaka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
| | - Mary P. Ryan
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
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2
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Bandyopadhyay S, Joshi A, Gupta A, Srivastava RK, Nandan B. Solid Polymer Electrolytes with Dual Anion Synergy and Twofold Reinforcement Effect for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37874931 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have emerged as a viable alternative to traditional organic liquid-based electrolytes for high energy density and safer lithium batteries. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based SPEs are considered one of the mainstream SPE materials with excellent dissociation ability of lithium salts. However, the inferior ionic conductivity at room temperature and poor dimensional stability at high temperature limit their utilization. In this work, a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) forming a precursor based on an ionic liquid (IL) monomer and linear PEO chains were introduced into an electrospun poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) fibrous mat with subsequent thermal-initiated cross-linking. 1,4-Diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) and 4-(chloromethyl) styrene were used to synthesize the styrenic-DABCO-based IL monomer with bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (TFSI-) or bis(fluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (FSI-) as the anion, named as SDTFSI and SDFSI, respectively. Together, the FSI- and TFSI- anions demonstrate a synergistic effect in providing ion-conductive LiF and Li3N-rich inorganic SEI layer with enhanced lithium dendrite suppression ability. The twofold reinforcement effect is achieved collectively from the semi-IPN structure and the three-dimensional (3D) PAN network that help to construct highly efficient and uniform ion transport channels with excellent flexibility, further suppressing the lithium dendrite growth. The SPEs were dimensionally stable even at elevated temperatures of 150 °C. Moreover, the SPEs show an ionic conductivity of 4.4 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 25 °C and 1.81 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 55 °C and a lithium-ion transference number of 0.56. The favorable electrochemical performance of the SPEs was verified by operating LiFePO4/Li and NMC/Li cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas 110016, New Delhi, India
| | - Aashish Joshi
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas 110016, New Delhi, India
- School of Interdisciplinary Research, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas 110016, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas 110016, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajiv K Srivastava
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas 110016, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhanu Nandan
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas 110016, New Delhi, India
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3
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Goujon N, Mendes T, Barlow KJ, Kerr R, O'Dell LA, Chiefari J, Howlett PC, Forsyth M. Single‐ion conducting polymer as lithium salt additive in polymerized ionic liquid block copolymer electrolyte. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Goujon
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - Tiago Mendes
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - Kristine J. Barlow
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - Robert Kerr
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - Luke A. O'Dell
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia
| | | | - Patrick C. Howlett
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia
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4
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Araño K, Gautier N, Kerr R, Lestriez B, Le Bideau J, Howlett PC, Guyomard D, Forsyth M, Dupré N. Understanding the Capacity Decay of Si/NMC622 Li-Ion Batteries Cycled in Superconcentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolytes: A New Perspective. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:52715-52728. [PMID: 36394288 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-containing Li-ion batteries have been the focus of many energy storage research efforts because of the promise of high energy density. Depending on the system, silicon generally demonstrates stable performance in half-cells, which is often attributed to the unlimited lithium supply from the lithium (Li) metal counter electrode. Here, the electrochemical performance of silicon with a high voltage NMC622 cathode was investigated in superconcentrated phosphonium-based ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes. As a matter of fact, there is very limited work and understanding of the full cell cycling of silicon in such a new class of electrolytes. The electrochemical behavior of silicon in the various IL electrolytes shows a gradual and steeper capacity decay, compared to what we previously reported in half-cells. This behavior is linked to a different evolution of the silicon morphology upon cycling, and the characterization of cycled electrodes points toward mechanical reasons, complete disconnection of part of the electrode, or internal mechanical stress, due to silicon and Li metal volume variation upon cycling, to explain the progressive capacity fading in full cell configuration. An extremely stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in the full Li-ion cells can be seen from a combination of qualitative and quantitative information from transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. Our findings provide a new perspective to full cell interpretation regarding capacity fading, which is oftentimes linked almost exclusively to the loss of Li inventory but also more broadly, and provide new insights into the impact of the evolution of silicon morphology on the electrochemical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khryslyn Araño
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
- French Environment and Energy Management Agency, 20, Avenue du Grésillé-BP 90406, Angers Cedex 01 49004, France
| | - Nicolas Gautier
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Robert Kerr
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Bernard Lestriez
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Jean Le Bideau
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Patrick C Howlett
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Dominique Guyomard
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
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5
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Sarkar S, Gonzalez-Malabet HJ, Flannagin M, L'Antigua A, Shevchenko PD, Nelson GJ, Mukherjee PP. Multiscale Electrochemomechanics Interaction and Degradation Analytics of Sn Electrodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:29711-29721. [PMID: 35727222 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries have emerged as a strong contender among the beyond lithium-ion chemistries due to elemental abundance and the low cost of sodium. Tin (Sn) is a promising alloying electrode with high capacity, redox reversibility, and earth abundance. Tin electrodes, however, undergo a series of intermediate reactions exhibiting multiple voltage plateaus upon sodiation/desodiation. Phase transformations related to incomplete sodiation in tin during cycling, in the presence of a frail solid electrolyte interphase layer, can quickly weaken the structural stability. The structural dynamics and reactivity of the electrode/electrolyte interface, being further dependent on the size and morphology of the active material particle in the presence of different electrolytes, dictate the electrode degradation and survivability during cycling. In this study, we paint a comprehensive picture of the underpinnings of the electrochemical and mechanics coupling and electrode/electrolyte interfacial interactions in alloying Sn electrodes. We elicit the fundamental role of electrode/electrolyte complexations in the Sn electrode structure-property-performance relationship based on multimodal analytics, including electrochemical, microscopy, and tomography analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Sarkar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hernando J Gonzalez-Malabet
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Megan Flannagin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Alex L'Antigua
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Pavel D Shevchenko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - George J Nelson
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Partha P Mukherjee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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6
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Li Y, Wu F, Li Y, Liu M, Feng X, Bai Y, Wu C. Ether-based electrolytes for sodium ion batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4484-4536. [PMID: 35543354 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00948f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered to be strong candidates for large-scale energy storage with the benefits of cost-effectiveness and sodium abundance. Reliable electrolytes, as ionic conductors that regulate the electrochemical reaction behavior and the nature of the interface and electrode, are indispensable in the development of advanced SIBs with high Coulombic efficiency, stable cycling performance and high rate capability. Conventional carbonate-based electrolytes encounter numerous obstacles for their wide application in SIBs due to the formation of a dissolvable, continuous-thickening solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer and inferior stability with electrodes. Comparatively, ether-based electrolytes (EBEs) are emerging in the secondary battery field with fascinating properties to improve the performance of batteries, especially SIBs. Their stable solvation structure enables highly reversible solvent-co-intercalation reactions and the formation of a thin and stable SEI. However, although EBEs can provide more stable cycling and rapid sodiation kinetics in electrodes, benefitting from their favorable electrolyte/electrode interactions such as chemical compatibility and good wettability, their special chemistry is still being investigated and puzzling. In this review, we provide a thorough and comprehensive overview on the developmental history, fundamental characteristics, superiorities and mechanisms of EBEs, together with their advances in other battery systems. Notably, the relation among electrolyte science, interfacial chemistry and electrochemical performance is highlighted, which is of great significance for the in-depth understanding of battery chemistry. Finally, future perspectives and potential directions are proposed to navigate the design and optimization of electrolytes and electrolyte/electrode interfaces for advanced batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China. .,Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, P. R. China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Mingquan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China. .,Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, P. R. China
| | - Xin Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Chuan Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China. .,Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, P. R. China
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7
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Atik J, Winter M, Paillard E. Local superconcentration via solvating ionic liquid electrolytes for safe 4.3V lithium metal batteries. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Makhlooghiazad F, O'Dell LA, Porcarelli L, Forsyth C, Quazi N, Asadi M, Hutt O, Mecerreyes D, Forsyth M, Pringle JM. Zwitterionic materials with disorder and plasticity and their application as non-volatile solid or liquid electrolytes. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:228-236. [PMID: 34795402 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic materials can exhibit unique characteristics and are highly tunable by variation to the covalently bound cationic and anionic moieties. Despite the breadth of properties and potential uses reported to date, for electrolyte applications they have thus far primarily been used as additives or for making polymer gels. However, zwitterions offer intriguing promise as electrolyte matrix materials that are non-volatile and charged but non-migrating. Here we report a family of zwitterions that exhibit molecular disorder and plasticity, which allows their use as a solid-state conductive matrix. We have characterized the thermal, morphological and structural properties of these materials using techniques including differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, solid-state NMR and X-ray crystallography. We report the physical and transport properties of zwitterions combined with lithium salts and a lithium-functionalized polymer to form solid or high-salt-content liquid electrolytes. We demonstrate that the zwitterion-based electrolytes can allow high target ion transport and support stable lithium metal cell cycling. The ability to use disordered zwitterionic materials as electrolyte matrices for high target ion conduction, coupled with an extensive scope for varying the chemical and physical properties, has important implications for the future design of non-volatile materials that bridge the choice between traditional molecular and ionic solvent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Makhlooghiazad
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luke A O'Dell
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luca Porcarelli
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- Joxe Mari Korta Center, POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Craig Forsyth
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nurul Quazi
- Boron Molecular, Noble Park, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mousa Asadi
- Boron Molecular, Noble Park, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oliver Hutt
- Boron Molecular, Noble Park, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Mecerreyes
- Joxe Mari Korta Center, POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Pringle
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia.
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9
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FURUYA R, SERIZAWA N, KATAYAMA Y. Potential Dependence of the Impedance of Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Some Electrolytes. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.22-00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota FURUYA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Nobuyuki SERIZAWA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Yasushi KATAYAMA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
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10
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Fan X, Wang C. High-voltage liquid electrolytes for Li batteries: progress and perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10486-10566. [PMID: 34341815 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00450f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the advent of the Li ion batteries (LIBs), the energy density has been tripled, mainly attributed to the increase of the electrode capacities. Now, the capacity of transition metal oxide cathodes is approaching the limit due to the stability limitation of the electrolytes. To further promote the energy density of LIBs, the most promising strategies are to enhance the cut-off voltage of the prevailing cathodes or explore novel high-capacity and high-voltage cathode materials, and also replacing the graphite anode with Si/Si-C or Li metal. However, the commercial ethylene carbonate (EC)-based electrolytes with relatively low anodic stability of ∼4.3 V vs. Li+/Li cannot sustain high-voltage cathodes. The bottleneck restricting the electrochemical performance in Li batteries has veered towards new electrolyte compositions catering for aggressive next-generation cathodes and Si/Si-C or Li metal anodes, since the oxidation-resistance of the electrolytes and the in situ formed cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layers at the high-voltage cathodes and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers on anodes critically control the electrochemical performance of these high-voltage Li batteries. In this review, we present a comprehensive and in-depth overview on the recent advances, fundamental mechanisms, scientific challenges, and design strategies for the novel high-voltage electrolyte systems, especially focused on stability issues of the electrolytes, the compatibility and interactions between the electrolytes and the electrodes, and reaction mechanisms. Finally, novel insights, promising directions and potential solutions for high voltage electrolytes associated with effective SEI/CEI layers are proposed to motivate revolutionary next-generation high-voltage Li battery chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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11
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Schuett FM, Heubach MK, Mayer J, Ceblin MU, Kibler LA, Jacob T. Electrodeposition of Zinc onto Au(111) and Au(100) from the Ionic Liquid [MPPip][TFSI]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20461-20468. [PMID: 34197037 PMCID: PMC8456931 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The improvement of rechargeable zinc/air batteries was a hot topic in recent years. Predominantly, the influence of water and additives on the structure of the Zn deposit and the possible dendrite formation were studied. However, the effect of the surface structure of the underlying substrate was not focused on in detail, yet. We now show the differences in electrochemical deposition of Zn onto Au(111) and Au(100) from the ionic liquid N‐methyl‐N‐propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. The fundamental processes were initially characterized via cyclic voltammetry and in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy. Bulk deposits were then examined using Auger electron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Different structures of Zn deposits are observed during the initial stages of electrocrystallisation on both electrodes, which reveals the strong influence of the crystallographic orientation on the metal deposition of zinc on gold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M Schuett
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maren-Kathrin Heubach
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jerome Mayer
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maximilian U Ceblin
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ludwig A Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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12
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Schuett FM, Heubach M, Mayer J, Ceblin MU, Kibler LA, Jacob T. Electrodeposition of Zinc onto Au(111) and Au(100) from the Ionic Liquid [MPPip][TFSI]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M. Schuett
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Maren‐Kathrin Heubach
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Jerome Mayer
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Maximilian U. Ceblin
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ludwig A. Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
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13
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Al-Masri D, Yunis R, Hollenkamp AF, Doherty CM, Pringle JM. The influence of alkyl chain branching on the properties of pyrrolidinium-based ionic electrolytes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:18102-18113. [PMID: 32760990 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03046e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids and plastic crystals based on pyrrolidinium cations are recognised for their advantageous properties such as high conductivity, low viscosity, and good electrochemical and thermal stability. The pyrrolidinium ring can be substituted with symmetric or asymmetric alkyl chain substituents to form a range of ionic liquids or plastic crystals depending on the anion. However, reports into the use of branched alkyl chains and how this influences the material properties are limited. Here, we report the synthesis of six salts - ionic liquids and organic ionic plastic crystals - where the typically used linear propyl chain substituent is replaced by the branched alternative, isopropyl, to form the cation [C(i3)mpyr]+, in combination with six different anions: dicyanamide, (fluorosulfonyl)(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate. The thermal and transport properties of these salts are compared to those of the analogous N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium and N,N-diethylpyrrolidinium-based salts. Finally, a high lithium salt content ionic liquid electrolyte based on the bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide salt was developed. This electrolyte showed high coulombic efficiencies of lithium plating/stripping and high lithium ion transference number, making it a strong candidate for use in lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danah Al-Masri
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3125, Australia.
| | - Ruhamah Yunis
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3125, Australia.
| | - Anthony F Hollenkamp
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Energy, Clayton, 3168, VIC, Australia
| | - Cara M Doherty
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Manufacturing, Clayton, 3168, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Pringle
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3125, Australia.
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14
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Liu Q, Jiang W, Munoz MJP, Liu Y, Yang Z, Bloom I, Dzwiniel TL, Li Y, Pupek KZ, Zhang Z. Stabilized Electrode/Electrolyte Interphase by a Saturated Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for High-Voltage NMC532/Si-Graphite Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:23035-23045. [PMID: 32338860 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonaqueous electrolyte has become one of the technical barriers in enabling Li-ion battery comprising of a high voltage cathode and high capacity anode. In this work, we demonstrate a saturated piperidinum bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ionic liquid (IL) with a LiFSI salt not only supports the redox reaction on the cathode at high voltages, but also shows exceptional kinetic stability on the lithiated anode as evidenced by its improved cycling performance in a NMC532/Si-graphite full cells cycled between 4.6 and 3.0 V. On the basis of the spectroscopic/microscopic analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the superior performance of the cells is attributed to the formation of solid-electrolyte-interphase on both electrode as well as unique solvation structure where a deadlocked coordination network is established at the saturated state, which prevents transition metal dissolution into the electrolyte via a solvation process.
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15
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Wang X, Kerr R, Chen F, Goujon N, Pringle JM, Mecerreyes D, Forsyth M, Howlett PC. Toward High-Energy-Density Lithium Metal Batteries: Opportunities and Challenges for Solid Organic Electrolytes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905219. [PMID: 31961989 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With increasing demands for safe, high capacity energy storage to support personal electronics, newer devices such as unmanned aerial vehicles, as well as the commercialization of electric vehicles, current energy storage technologies are facing increased challenges. Although alternative batteries have been intensively investigated, lithium (Li) batteries are still recognized as the preferred energy storage solution for the consumer electronics markets and next generation automobiles. However, the commercialized Li batteries still have disadvantages, such as low capacities, potential safety issues, and unfavorable cycling life. Therefore, the design and development of electromaterials toward high-energy-density, long-life-span Li batteries with improved safety is a focus for researchers in the field of energy materials. Herein, recent advances in the development of novel organic electrolytes are summarized toward solid-state Li batteries with higher energy density and improved safety. On the basis of new insights into ionic conduction and design principles of organic-based solid-state electrolytes, specific strategies toward developing these electrolytes for Li metal anodes, high-energy-density cathode materials (e.g., high voltage materials), as well as the optimization of cathode formulations are outlined. Finally, prospects for next generation solid-state electrolytes are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoen Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3217, Australia
| | - Robert Kerr
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3217, Australia
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3217, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Nicolas Goujon
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3217, Australia
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jennifer M Pringle
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3217, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3217, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Patrick C Howlett
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3217, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
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16
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Karuppasamy K, Theerthagiri J, Vikraman D, Yim CJ, Hussain S, Sharma R, Maiyalagan T, Qin J, Kim HS. Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes for Energy Storage Devices: A Brief Review on Their Limits and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E918. [PMID: 32326662 PMCID: PMC7240671 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the ability of ionic liquid (IL) was demonstrated to act as a solvent or an electrolyte, IL-based electrolytes have been widely used as a potential candidate for renewable energy storage devices, like lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors (SCs). In this review, we aimed to present the state-of-the-art of IL-based electrolytes electrochemical, cycling, and physicochemical properties, which are crucial for LIBs and SCs. ILs can also be regarded as designer solvents to replace the more flammable organic carbonates and improve the green credentials and performance of energy storage devices, especially LIBs and SCs. This review affords an outline of the progress of ILs in energy-related applications and provides essential ideas on the emerging challenges and openings that may motivate the scientific communities to move towards IL-based energy devices. Finally, the challenges in design of the new type of ILs structures for energy and environmental applications are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Karuppasamy
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (K.K.); (D.V.); (C.-J.Y.)
| | - Jayaraman Theerthagiri
- Centre of Excellence for Energy Research, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai 600119, India;
| | - Dhanasekaran Vikraman
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (K.K.); (D.V.); (C.-J.Y.)
| | - Chang-Joo Yim
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (K.K.); (D.V.); (C.-J.Y.)
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
- Institute of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Ramakant Sharma
- Integrated Organic Electronics Lab, School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Thandavaryan Maiyalagan
- Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India;
| | - Jiaqian Qin
- Research Unit of Advanced Materials for Energy Storage, Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Hyun-Seok Kim
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (K.K.); (D.V.); (C.-J.Y.)
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17
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Goujon N, Kerr R, Gervillié C, Oza YV, O’Dell LA, Howlett PC, Forsyth M. Macrophase-Separated Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals/PAMPS-Based Ionomer Electrolyte: A New Design Perspective for Flexible and Highly Conductive Solid-State Electrolytes. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:2931-2938. [PMID: 32095715 PMCID: PMC7033988 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A material design approach was taken for the preparation of an organic ionic plastic crystal (OIPC)-polymer electrolyte material that exhibited both good mechanical and transport properties. Previous attempts to form this type of electrolyte material resulted in the solvation of the OIPC by the ionomer and loss of the plastic crystal component. Here, we prepared, in situ, a macrophase-separated OIPC-polymer electrolyte system by adding lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) to a (PAMPS-N1222) ionomer. It was found that an optimal compositional window of 40-50 mol % LiFSI exists whereby the electrolyte conductivity suddenly increased 4 orders of magnitude while exhibiting elastic and flexible mechanical properties. The phase behavior and transport properties were studied using differential scanning calorimetry and 7Li and 19F solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This is the first example of a fabrication principle that lends itself to a wide range of promising OIPC and ionomeric materials. Subsequent studies are required to characterize and understand the morphology and conductive nature of these systems and their application as electrolyte materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Goujon
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
- Polymat,
Institute for Polymer Materials, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia−San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Robert Kerr
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Charlotte Gervillié
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Yogita V. Oza
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Luke A. O’Dell
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Patrick C. Howlett
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
- Polymat,
Institute for Polymer Materials, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia−San Sebastian, Spain
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18
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Chen F, Forsyth M. Computational Investigation of Mixed Anion Effect on Lithium Coordination and Transport in Salt Concentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolytes. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7414-7420. [PMID: 31722533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of high concentrations of alkali metal ion salts in ionic liquids (ILs) has been demonstrated to significantly improve electrolyte performance, increase alkali metal ion transference numbers, and promote the formation of favorable SEI structures enabling long-term stable cycling. One challenge in using this material is the overall low ionic conductivity, which is a common effect of increased salt concentration. This simulation work first investigated the strategy of using mixed anions to tune the ionic conductivity in a concentrated IL (or "ionic liquid-in-salt") system having 50 mol % lithium salt. The effects of binding strength, size, and mobility of selected anions on coordination and dynamics of lithium ions were discussed. The results confirm its feasibility and provide general guidance for the selection of anions to improve the ionic conductivity of salt-concentrated electrolyte systems based on ionic liquids and other solvent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Chen
- Institute for Frontier Materials , Deakin University (Burwood Campus), ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, 221 Burwood Highway , Burwood , VIC 3125 , Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials , Deakin University (Burwood Campus), ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, 221 Burwood Highway , Burwood , VIC 3125 , Australia
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19
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Mauger A, Julien CM, Paolella A, Armand M, Zaghib K. Building Better Batteries in the Solid State: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3892. [PMID: 31775348 PMCID: PMC6926585 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most of the current commercialized lithium batteries employ liquid electrolytes, despite their vulnerability to battery fire hazards, because they avoid the formation of dendrites on the anode side, which is commonly encountered in solid-state batteries. In a review two years ago, we focused on the challenges and issues facing lithium metal for solid-state rechargeable batteries, pointed to the progress made in addressing this drawback, and concluded that a situation could be envisioned where solid-state batteries would again win over liquid batteries for different applications in the near future. However, an additional drawback of solid-state batteries is the lower ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. Therefore, extensive research efforts have been invested in the last few years to overcome this problem, the reward of which has been significant progress. It is the purpose of this review to report these recent works and the state of the art on solid electrolytes. In addition to solid electrolytes stricto sensu, there are other electrolytes that are mainly solids, but with some added liquid. In some cases, the amount of liquid added is only on the microliter scale; the addition of liquid is aimed at only improving the contact between a solid-state electrolyte and an electrode, for instance. In some other cases, the amount of liquid is larger, as in the case of gel polymers. It is also an acceptable solution if the amount of liquid is small enough to maintain the safety of the cell; such cases are also considered in this review. Different chemistries are examined, including not only Li-air, Li-O2, and Li-S, but also sodium-ion batteries, which are also subject to intensive research. The challenges toward commercialization are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Mauger
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, UMR-CNRS 7590, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Christian M. Julien
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, UMR-CNRS 7590, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Andrea Paolella
- Centre of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage (CETEES), Hydro-Québec, 1806, Lionel-Boulet blvd., Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada;
| | - Michel Armand
- CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnol Alava, 01510 Minano, Spain;
| | - Karim Zaghib
- Centre of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage (CETEES), Hydro-Québec, 1806, Lionel-Boulet blvd., Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada;
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20
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Singh RP, Qichao H. Advances in chemistry of hydrogen bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and its derivatives. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Matios E, Wang H, Wang C, Li W. Enabling Safe Sodium Metal Batteries by Solid Electrolyte Interphase Engineering: A Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Matios
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Huan Wang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Chuanlong Wang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Weiyang Li
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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22
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Ferdousi SA, Hilder M, Basile A, Zhu H, O'Dell LA, Saurel D, Rojo T, Armand M, Forsyth M, Howlett PC. Water as an Effective Additive for High-Energy-Density Na Metal Batteries? Studies in a Superconcentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolyte. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1700-1711. [PMID: 30740908 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of water on the properties of superconcentrated sodium salt solutions in ionic liquids (ILs) was investigated to design electrolytes for sodium battery applications with water as an additive. Water was added to a 50 mol % solution of NaFSI [FSI=bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide] in the ionic liquid N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (C3 mpyrFSI). Although the thermal properties (e.g., glass transition temperature) showed little dependence on the water content, the viscosity and, in particular, the ionic conductivity were strongly affected. The Na|Na symmetrical cell cycling performance was strongly dependent on the applied current density as well as on the water content. At higher current densities (1.0 mA cm-2 ) the polarization profiles showed a water dependence, suggesting that water was actively involved in the formation of an improved solid electrolyte interface layer (SEI) for high-water-content samples (1000-5000 ppm), resulting in improved long-term cycling stability. The initial impedance of cells cycled at 1.0 mA cm-2 (measured after 20 cycles) was elevated after water addition, and large polarizations occured for the "wet" samples. However, with further cycling the wet cells began to exhibit lower polarization and improved stability compared to the "dry" sample. The Na|NaFePO4 cell cycling performance was also demonstrated with minimal effect on the cell capacity, further highlighting the negligible activity of water in these electrolyte systems. In fact, reduced cell polarization and a more clearly defined charge profile were evident after water addition. The work shown here suggests that water may be used as a convenient and inexpensive additive for superconcentrated sodium IL electrolytes for improved device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shammi A Ferdousi
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Matthias Hilder
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Andrew Basile
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Haijin Zhu
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Luke A O'Dell
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Damien Saurel
- CIC Energigune, Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510, Miñano Àlava, Spain
| | - Teofilo Rojo
- CIC Energigune, Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510, Miñano Àlava, Spain
| | - Michel Armand
- CIC Energigune, Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510, Miñano Àlava, Spain
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Patrick C Howlett
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
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23
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Forsyth M, Porcarelli L, Wang X, Goujon N, Mecerreyes D. Innovative Electrolytes Based on Ionic Liquids and Polymers for Next-Generation Solid-State Batteries. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:686-694. [PMID: 30801170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Electrolytes based on organic solvents used in current Li-ion batteries are not compatible with the next-generation energy storage technologies including those based on Li metal. Thus, there has been an increase in research activities investigating solid-state electrolytes, ionic liquids (ILs), polymers, and combinations of these. This Account will discuss some of the work from our teams in these areas. Similarly, other metal-based technologies including Na, Mg, Zn, and Al, for example, are being considered as alternatives to Li-based energy storage. However, the materials research required to effectively enable these alkali metal based energy storage applications is still in its relative infancy. Once again, electrolytes play a significant role in enabling these devices, and research has for the most part progressed along similar lines to that in advanced lithium technologies. Some of our recent contributions in these areas will also be discussed, along with our perspective on future directions in this field. For example, one approach has been to develop single-ion conductors, where the anion is tethered to the polymer backbone, and the dominant charge conductor is the lithium or sodium countercation. Typically, these present with low conductivity, whereas by using a copolymer approach or incorporating bulky quaternary ammonium co-cations, the effective charge separation is increased thus leading to higher conductivities and greater mobility of the alkali metal cation. This has been demonstrated both experimentally and via computer simulations. Further enhancements in ion transport may be possible in the future by designing and tethering more weakly associating anions to the polymer backbone. The second approach considers ion gels or composite polymer electrolytes where a polymerized ionic liquid is the matrix that provides both mechanical robustness and ion conducting pathways. The block copolymer approach is also demonstrated, in this case, to simultaneously provide mechanical properties and high ionic conductivity when used in combination with ionic-liquid electrolytes. The ultimate electrolyte material that will enable all high-performance solid-state batteries will have ion transport decoupled from the mechanical properties. While inorganic conductors can achieve this, their rigid, brittle nature creates difficulties. On the other hand, ionic polymers and their composites provide a rich area of chemistry to design and tune high ionic conductivity together with ideal mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia
- Polymat, Institute for Polymer Materials, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari
Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia−San Sebastian, Spain
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Austrailia
| | - Luca Porcarelli
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia
- Polymat, Institute for Polymer Materials, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari
Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia−San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Xiaoen Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia
| | - Nicolas Goujon
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia
| | - David Mecerreyes
- Polymat, Institute for Polymer Materials, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari
Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia−San Sebastian, Spain
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24
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A highly adhesive PIL/IL gel polymer electrolyte for use in flexible solid state supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Kar M, Plechkova NV, Seddon KR, Pringle JM, MacFarlane DR. Ionic Liquids – Further Progress on the Fundamental Issues. Aust J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/ch18541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids continue to challenge conventional descriptions of liquids and their behaviour. Indeed, the ever-increasing variety of ionic liquid compounds has generated a need for multiple descriptions of the different molecular families, including protic, aprotic, solvate, and metal coordination complex families of ionic liquids, that exhibit very different behaviours. Within families, the balance of long-range electrostatic and short-range dispersion forces plays out in nanoscale heterogeneity that also impacts markedly on properties. In this perspective, we highlight some of the issues in the field that continue to deserve further investigation and development at both the experimental and fundamental levels. We also propose a set of nomenclature abbreviations in an attempt to systematise the plethora of confusing abbreviations that appear in the field. The distinction between ionic liquids, ionic liquid–solvent mixtures, and deep eutectic solvents is also discussed.
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26
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Chen F, Kerr R, Forsyth M. Cation effect on small phosphonium based ionic liquid electrolytes with high concentrations of lithium salt. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:193813. [PMID: 30307212 DOI: 10.1063/1.5016460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquid electrolytes with high alkali salt concentrations have displayed some excellent electrochemical properties, thus opening up the field for further improvements to liquid electrolytes for lithium or sodium batteries. Fundamental computational investigations into these high concentration systems are required in order to gain a better understanding of these systems, yet they remain lacking. Small phosphonium-based ionic liquids with high concentrations of alkali metal ions have recently shown many promising results in experimental studies, thereby prompting us to conduct further theoretical exploration of these materials. Here, we conducted a molecular dynamics simulation on four small phosphonium-based ionic liquids with 50 mol. % LiFSI salt, focusing on the effect of cation structure on local structuring and ion diffusional and rotational dynamics-which are closely related to the electrochemical properties of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Chen
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Robert Kerr
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
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27
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Jafta CJ, Bridges C, Haupt L, Do C, Sippel P, Cochran MJ, Krohns S, Ohl M, Loidl A, Mamontov E, Lunkenheimer P, Dai S, Sun XG. Ion Dynamics in Ionic-Liquid-Based Li-Ion Electrolytes Investigated by Neutron Scattering and Dielectric Spectroscopy. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:3512-3523. [PMID: 30133183 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of the diffusion mechanisms of ions in pure and doped ionic liquids remains an important aspect in the design of new ionic-liquid electrolytes for energy storage. To gain more insight into the widely used imidazolium-based ionic liquids, the relationship between viscosity, ionic conductivity, diffusion coefficients, and reorientational dynamics in the ionic liquid 3-methyl-1-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (DMIM-TFSI) with and without lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI) was examined. The diffusion coefficients for the DMIM+ cation and the role of ion aggregates were investigated by using the quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) and neutron spin echo techniques. Two diffusion mechanisms are observed for the DMIM+ cation with and without Li-TFSI, that is, translational and local. The data additionally suggest that Li+ ion transport along with ion aggregates, known as the vehicle mechanism, may play a significant role in the ion diffusion process. These dielectric-spectroscopy investigations in a broad temperature and frequency range reveal a typical α-β-relaxation scenario. The α relaxation mirrors the glassy freezing of the dipolar ions, and the β relaxation exhibits the signatures of a Johari-Goldstein relaxation. In contrast to the translational mode detected by neutron scattering, arising from the decoupled faster motion of the DMIM+ ions, the α relaxation is well coupled to the dc charge transport, that is, the average translational motion of all three ion species in the material. The local diffusion process detected by QENS is only weakly dependent on temperature and viscosity and can be ascribed to the typical fast dynamics of glass-forming liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charl J Jafta
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Craig Bridges
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Leon Haupt
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Changwoo Do
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Pit Sippel
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Malcolm J Cochran
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Stephan Krohns
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ohl
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alois Loidl
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Eugene Mamontov
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Peter Lunkenheimer
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sheng Dai
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Xiao-Guang Sun
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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28
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Zhang H, Qu W, Chen N, Huang Y, Li L, Wu F, Chen R. Ionic liquid electrolyte with highly concentrated LiTFSI for lithium metal batteries. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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29
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Giffin GA, Moretti A, Jeong S, Pilar K, Brinkkötter M, Greenbaum SG, Schönhoff M, Passerini S. Connection between Lithium Coordination and Lithium Diffusion in [Pyr 12O1 ][FTFSI] Ionic Liquid Electrolytes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:1981-1989. [PMID: 29282874 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201702288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of highly concentrated ionic liquid-based electrolytes results in improved rate capability and capacity retention at 20 °C compared to Li+ -dilute systems in Li-metal and Li-ion cells. This work explores the connection between the bulk electrolyte properties and the molecular organization to provide insight into the concentration dependence of the Li+ transport mechanisms. Below 30 mol %, the Li+ -containing species are primarily smaller complexes (one Li+ cation) and the Li+ ion transport is mostly derived from the vehicular transport. Above 30 mol %, where the viscosity is substantially higher and the conductivity lower, the Li+ -containing species are a mix of small and large complexes (one and more than one Li+ cation, respectively). The overall conduction mechanism likely changes to favor structural diffusion through the exchange of anions in the first Li+ solvation shell. The good rate performance is likely directly influenced by the presence of larger Li+ complexes, which promote Li+ -ion transport (as opposed to Li+ -complex transport) and increase the Li+ availability at the electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guinevere A Giffin
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Current Address: Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Arianna Moretti
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sangsik Jeong
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kartik Pilar
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 20065, USA
- Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 20065, USA
| | - Marc Brinkkötter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Steven G Greenbaum
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 20065, USA
- Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 20065, USA
| | - Monika Schönhoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefano Passerini
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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30
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Ge Y, Pozo-Gonzalo C, Zhao Y, Jia X, Kerr R, Wang C, Howlett PC, Wallace GG. Towards thermally stable high performance lithium-ion batteries: the combination of a phosphonium cation ionic liquid and a 3D porous molybdenum disulfide/graphene electrode. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5338-5341. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01460d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A lithium battery with excellent performance and thermal stability is realized by using a nanostructured electrode and an ionic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ge
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- AIIM Facility
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
| | | | - Yong Zhao
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- AIIM Facility
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
| | - Xiaoteng Jia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- AIIM Facility
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
| | - Robert Kerr
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM)
- Deakin University
- Burwood
- Australia
| | - Caiyun Wang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- AIIM Facility
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
| | | | - Gordon G. Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- AIIM Facility
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
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31
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Al-Masri D, Yunis R, Hollenkamp AF, Pringle JM. A symmetrical ionic liquid/Li salt system for rapid ion transport and stable lithium electrochemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3660-3663. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00531a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A concentrated lithium salt electrolyte utilising the diethylpyrrolidinium cation and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion shows high ionic conductivity and good Li electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danah Al-Masri
- Deakin University, Melbourne
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Australia
| | - Ruhamah Yunis
- Deakin University, Melbourne
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Australia
| | - Anthony F. Hollenkamp
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
- Clayton
- Australia
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32
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Makhlooghiazad F, Guazzagaloppa J, O’Dell LA, Yunis R, Basile A, Howlett PC, Forsyth M. The influence of the size and symmetry of cations and anions on the physicochemical behavior of organic ionic plastic crystal electrolytes mixed with sodium salts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:4721-4731. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06971e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of cations and anions chemistry on the physicochemical behaviour of OIPCs mixed with Na salts is illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Guazzagaloppa
- Université de Montpellier
- Institute Charles Gerhardt Montpellier
- 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5
- France
| | - L. A. O’Dell
- Deakin University
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Australia
| | - R. Yunis
- Deakin University
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Australia
| | - A. Basile
- Deakin University
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Australia
| | - P. C. Howlett
- Deakin University
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Australia
| | - M. Forsyth
- Deakin University
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Australia
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33
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Properties of High Na-Ion Content N-Propyl-N-Methylpyrrolidinium Bis(Fluorosulfonyl)Imide -Ethylene Carbonate Electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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34
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Zhou Y, Wang X, Zhu H, Yoshizawa-Fujita M, Miyachi Y, Armand M, Forsyth M, Greene GW, Pringle JM, Howlett PC. Solid-State Lithium Conductors for Lithium Metal Batteries Based on Electrospun Nanofiber/Plastic Crystal Composites. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3135-3145. [PMID: 28618145 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) are a class of solid-state electrolytes with good thermal stability, non-flammability, non-volatility, and good electrochemical stability. When prepared in a composite with electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) nanofibers, a 1:1 mixture of the OIPC N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([C2 mpyr][FSI]) and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) produced a free-standing, robust solid-state electrolyte. These high-concentration Li-containing electrolyte membranes had a transference number of 0.37(±0.02) and supported stable lithium symmetric-cell cycling at a current density of 0.13 mA cm-2 . The effect of incorporating PVdF in the Li-containing plastic crystal was investigated for different ratios of PVdF and [Li][FSI]/[C2 mpyr][FSI]. In addition, Li|LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 cells were prepared and cycled at ambient temperature and displayed a good rate performance and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong Zhou
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Xiaoen Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Haijin Zhu
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Masahiro Yoshizawa-Fujita
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Yukari Miyachi
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Michel Armand
- CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein, 48. Edificio CIC, 01510, Miñano, Araba, Spain
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - George W Greene
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Pringle
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Patrick C Howlett
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
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35
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Carbone L, Munoz S, Gobet M, Devany M, Greenbaum S, Hassoun J. Characteristics of glyme electrolytes for sodium battery: nuclear magnetic resonance and electrochemical study. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Basile A, Makhlooghiazad F, Yunis R, MacFarlane DR, Forsyth M, Howlett PC. Extensive Sodium Metal Plating and Stripping in a Highly Concentrated Inorganic−Organic Ionic Liquid Electrolyte through Surface Pretreatment. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Basile
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Burwood Campus 221 Burwood Highway Victoria 3125 Australia
| | - Faezeh Makhlooghiazad
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Burwood Campus 221 Burwood Highway Victoria 3125 Australia
| | - Ruhamah Yunis
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Burwood Campus 221 Burwood Highway Victoria 3125 Australia
| | | | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Burwood Campus 221 Burwood Highway Victoria 3125 Australia
| | - Patrick C. Howlett
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Burwood Campus 221 Burwood Highway Victoria 3125 Australia
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37
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Aydogan Gokturk P, Donmez SE, Ulgut B, Türkmen YE, Suzer S. Optical and XPS evidence for the electrochemical generation of an N-heterocyclic carbene and its CS2 adduct from the ionic liquid [bmim][PF6]. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01996c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical generation of an N-heterocyclic carbene–CS2 adduct in air-ambient and under vacuum, and its confirmation by XPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. E. Donmez
- Department of Chemistry
- Bilkent University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
| | - B. Ulgut
- Department of Chemistry
- Bilkent University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
| | - Y. E. Türkmen
- Department of Chemistry
- Bilkent University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
| | - S. Suzer
- Department of Chemistry
- Bilkent University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
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38
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Shah FU, Gnezdilov OI, Filippov A. Ion dynamics in halogen-free phosphonium bis(salicylato)borate ionic liquid electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02722b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Halogen-free and hydrolytically stable phosphonium bis(salicylato)borate ionic liquid electrolytes for enhanced safety and performance of lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Ullah Shah
- Chemistry of Interfaces
- Luleå University of Technology
- Luleå
- Sweden
| | | | - Andrei Filippov
- Chemistry of Interfaces
- Luleå University of Technology
- Luleå
- Sweden
- Institute of Physics
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