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Li P, He B, Li X, Lin Y, Tang S. Chitosan-Linked Dual-Sulfonate COF Nanosheet Proton Exchange Membrane with High Robustness and Conductivity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302060. [PMID: 37096933 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
2D materials that can provide long-range ordered channels in thin-film form are highly desirable for proton exchange membranes (PEMs). Covalent organic framework nanosheets (CONs) are promising 2D materials possessing intrinsic porosity and high processability. However, the potential of CONs in PEMs is limited by loose sheet stacking and interfacial grain boundary, which lead to unsatisfied mechanical property and discontinuous conduction pathway. Herein, chitosan (CS), a natural polymer with rich NH2 groups, is designed as the linker of dual-sulfonate CONs (CON-2(SO3 H)) to obtain CON-2(SO3 H)-based membrane. Ultrathin CON-2(SO3 H) with high crystallinity and large lateral size is synthesized at water-octanoic acid interface. The high flexibility of CS chains and their electrostatic interactions with SO3 H groups of CON-2(SO3 H) enable effective connection of CON-2(SO3 H), thus endowing membrane dense structure and exceptional stability. The stacked CON-2(SO3 H) constructs regular hydrophilic nanochannels containing high-density SO3 H groups, and the electrostatic interactions between CON-2(SO3 H) and CS form interfacial acid-base pairs transfer channels. Consequently, CON-2(SO3 H)@CS membrane simultaneously achieves superior proton conductivity of 353 mS cm-1 (under 80 °C hydrated condition) and tensile strength of 95 MPa. This work highlights the advantages of proton-conducting porous CON-2(SO3 H) in advanced PEMs and paves a way in fabricating robust CON-based membranes for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, P. R. China
| | - Bo He
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Lin
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, P. R. China
| | - Shaokun Tang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, P. R. China
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2
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Yan P, Yu Z, Chen Z, Hu J, Wang W, Gong C. Sulfonated polyether ether ketone composite proton exchange membranes incorporated with a novel hierarchical‐structure hybrid nanofiller consisting solid superacid zirconium phosphate and
CNTs. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengjia Yan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomass Conversion and Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material Science Hubei Engineering University Xiaogan Hubei China
| | - Zhanghu Yu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomass Conversion and Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material Science Hubei Engineering University Xiaogan Hubei China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomass Conversion and Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material Science Hubei Engineering University Xiaogan Hubei China
- School of Physics and Electronic‐information Engineering Hubei Engineering University Xiaogan China
| | - Ji Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Wanhui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Chunli Gong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomass Conversion and Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material Science Hubei Engineering University Xiaogan Hubei China
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3
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AI AKS, Louis C. Chitosan nanohybrid proton exchange membranes based on CNT and exfoliated MoS2 for fuel cell applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03063-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Rosli NAH, Loh KS, Wong WY, Lee TK, Ahmad A. Hybrid Composite Membrane of Phosphorylated Chitosan/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)/Silica as a Proton Exchange Membrane. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:675. [PMID: 34564492 PMCID: PMC8470232 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11090675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is one of the natural biopolymers that has been studied as an alternative material to replace Nafion membranes as proton change membranes. Nevertheless, unmodified chitosan membranes have limitations including low proton conductivity and mechanical stability. The aim of this work is to study the effect of modifying chitosan through polymer blending with different compositions and the addition of inorganic filler on the microstructure and physical properties of N-methylene phosphonic chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) (NMPC/PVA) composite membranes. In this work, the NMPC biopolymer and PVA polymer are used as host polymers to produce NMPC/PVA composite membranes with different compositions (30-70% NMPC content). Increasing NMPC content in the membranes increases their proton conductivity, and as NMPC/PVA-50 composite membrane demonstrates the highest conductivity (8.76 × 10-5 S cm-1 at room temperature), it is chosen to be the base membrane for modification by adding hygroscopic silicon dioxide (SiO2) filler into its membrane matrix. The loading of SiO2 filler is varied (0.5-10 wt.%) to study the influence of filler concentration on temperature-dependent proton conductivity of membranes. NMPC/PVA-SiO2 (4 wt.%) exhibits the highest proton conductivity of 5.08 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 100 °C. In conclusion, the study shows that chitosan can be modified to produce proton exchange membranes that demonstrate enhanced properties and performance with the addition of PVA and SiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Adiera Hanna Rosli
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.H.R.); (W.Y.W.)
| | - Kee Shyuan Loh
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.H.R.); (W.Y.W.)
| | - Wai Yin Wong
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.H.R.); (W.Y.W.)
| | - Tian Khoon Lee
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (T.K.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Azizan Ahmad
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (T.K.L.); (A.A.)
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5
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Shanmugam S, Ketpang K, Aziz MA, Oh K, Lee K, Son B, Chanunpanich N. Composite polymer electrolyte membrane decorated with porous titanium oxide nanotubes for fuel cell operating under low relative humidity. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Zhao S, Yang Y, Zhong F, Niu W, Liu Y, Zheng G, Liu H, Wang J, Xiao Z. Fabrication of composite polymer electrolyte membrane using acidic metal-organic frameworks-functionalized halloysite nanotubes modified chitosan. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Enhanced self-humidification and proton conductivity in magnetically aligned NiO-Co3O4/chitosan nanocomposite membranes for high-temperature PEMFCs. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Effect of sulfated metal oxides on the performance and stability of sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) nanocomposite proton exchange membrane for fuel cell applications. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Chu JY, Lee KH, Kim AR, Yoo DJ. Improved electrochemical performance of composite anion exchange membranes for fuel cells through cross linking of the polymer chain with functionalized graphene oxide. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Facile Synthesis of Highly Active Sulfated Titania Nanofibers for Viscous Acid-Catalytic Reactions. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Composite Proton Exchange Membranes Based on Chitosan and Phosphotungstic Acid Immobilized One-Dimensional Attapulgite for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091641. [PMID: 32825738 PMCID: PMC7558724 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to obtain biopolymer chitosan-based proton exchange membranes with excellent mechanical properties as well as high ionic conductivity at the same time, natural attapulgite (AT) with one-dimensional (1D) structure was loaded with a strong heteropolyacid and also a super proton conductor, phosphotungstic acid (PWA), using a facial method. The obtained PWA anchored attapulgite (WQAT) was then doped into the chitosan matrix to prepare a series of Chitosan (CS)/WQAT composite membranes. The PWA coating could improve the dispersion and interfacial bonding between the nano-additive and polymer matrix, thus increasing the mechanical strength. Moreover, the ultra-strong proton conduction ability of PWA together with the interaction between positively charged CS chains and negatively charged PWA can construct effective proton transport channels with the help of 1D AT. The proton conductivity of the composite membrane (4 wt.% WQAT loading) reached 35.3 mS cm−1 at 80 °C, which was 31.8% higher than that of the pure CS membrane. Moreover, due to the decreased methanol permeability and increased conductivity, the composite membrane with 4% WQAT content exhibited a peak power density of 70.26 mW cm−2 fed at 2 M methanol, whereas the pure CS membrane displayed only 40.08 mW cm−2.
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12
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Tsen W. Hydrophilic
TiO
2
decorated carbon nanotubes/sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) composite proton exchange membranes for fuel cells. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Chin Tsen
- Department of Fashion and DesignLee‐Ming Institute of Technology New Taipei City Taiwan
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13
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Rosli NAH, Loh KS, Wong WY, Yunus RM, Lee TK, Ahmad A, Chong ST. Review of Chitosan-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Roles of Chitosan-Supported Ionic Liquids. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020632. [PMID: 31963607 PMCID: PMC7014316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorosulphonic acid-based membranes such as Nafion are widely used in fuel cell applications. However, these membranes have several drawbacks, including high expense, non-eco-friendliness, and low proton conductivity under anhydrous conditions. Biopolymer-based membranes, such as chitosan (CS), cellulose, and carrageenan, are popular. They have been introduced and are being studied as alternative materials for enhancing fuel cell performance, because they are environmentally friendly and economical. Modifications that will enhance the proton conductivity of biopolymer-based membranes have been performed. Ionic liquids, which are good electrolytes, are studied for their potential to improve the ionic conductivity and thermal stability of fuel cell applications. This review summarizes the development and evolution of CS biopolymer-based membranes and ionic liquids in fuel cell applications over the past decade. It also focuses on the improved performances of fuel cell applications using biopolymer-based membranes and ionic liquids as promising clean energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Adiera Hanna Rosli
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.H.R.); (W.Y.W.); (R.M.Y.)
| | - Kee Shyuan Loh
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.H.R.); (W.Y.W.); (R.M.Y.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Wai Yin Wong
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.H.R.); (W.Y.W.); (R.M.Y.)
| | - Rozan Mohamad Yunus
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.H.R.); (W.Y.W.); (R.M.Y.)
| | - Tian Khoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry–Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Azizan Ahmad
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Seng Tong Chong
- College of Energy Economics and Social Sciences, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia;
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14
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Tsen W, Chuang F, Jang S, Kuo T. Chitosan/CaCO
3
solvent‐free nanofluid composite membranes for direct methanol fuel cells. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Chin Tsen
- Department of Fashion Business ManagementLee‐Ming Institute of Technology New Taipei City 243 Taiwan
| | - Fu‐Sheng Chuang
- Department of Fashion and DesignLee‐Ming Institute of Technology New Taipei City 243 Taiwan
| | - Shin‐Cheng Jang
- Department of Fashion and DesignLee‐Ming Institute of Technology New Taipei City 243 Taiwan
| | - Ting‐Wei Kuo
- Department of Vehicle EngineeringLee‐Ming Institute of Technology New Taipei City 243 Taiwan
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15
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Hu Y, Tsen WC, Chuang FS, Jang SC, Zhang B, Zheng G, Wen S, Liu H, Qin C, Gong C. Glycine betaine intercalated layered double hydroxide modified quaternized chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol composite membranes for alkaline direct methanol fuel cells. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 213:320-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Price GJ, Bibi S, Imran Z, Nawaz M, Yasin T, Farooq A. Comparison of the effects of gamma or sonochemical irradiation of carbon nanotubes and the influence on the mechanical and dielectric properties of chitosan nanocomposites. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 54:241-249. [PMID: 30712862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan-carbon nanotube (Chi-CNT) composite materials have been prepared with CNTs that were surface treated using either dilute acid combined with 20 kHz ultrasound or gamma-irradiation in air. The mechanical and dielectric properties have been measured and compared. Both modification methods gave nanocomposites with much improved tensile properties over native chitosan. The sonochemically treated samples were stronger with higher tensile strength but at the expense of lower elasticity and extensibility than found when γ-irradiation was used. Impedance spectra showed differences in the polymer chain transitions and in the conduction mechanisms within the nanocomposites. The results correlated well with previous work suggesting that the two modification techniques result in CNT surfaces with higher polarity. This enhances interfacial interactions with the chitosan matrix although the extent of functionalisation was greater in the sonochemical case. This work demonstrates that sonochemical modification under mild conditions is a useful method for modifying CNTs for inclusion in nanocomposite materials. However, the resulting material properties depend on the level of treatment so that the sonochemical conditions need to be carefully evaluated and controlled if the effects are to be optimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth J Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Saira Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Imran
- Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mohsan Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Yasin
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Farooq
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
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17
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Jang S, Chuang F, Tsen W, Kuo T. Quaternized chitosan/functionalized carbon nanotubes composite anion exchange membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin‐Cheng Jang
- Department of Fashion and DesignLee‐Ming Institute of Technology New Taipei City 243 Taiwan China
| | - Fu‐Sheng Chuang
- Department of Fashion and DesignLee‐Ming Institute of Technology New Taipei City 243 Taiwan China
| | - Wen‐Chin Tsen
- Department of Fashion Business ManagementLee‐Ming Institute of Technology New Taipei City 243 Taiwan China
| | - Ting‐Wei Kuo
- Department of Vehicle EngineeringLee‐Ming Institute of Technology New Taipei City 243 Taiwan China
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18
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Ahmed S, Ali M, Cai Y, Lu Y, Ahmad Z, Khannal S, Xu S. Novel sulfonated multi-walled carbon nanotubes filled chitosan composite membrane for fuel-cell applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saad Ahmed
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Material, School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Material, School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yangben Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Material, School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yunhua Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Material, School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Zaheer Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wah; Wah Cantt 47040 Pakistan
| | - Santosh Khannal
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Material, School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Shiai Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Material, School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Qinghai University; Xining 810016 China
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19
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Ahmed S, Cai Y, Ali M, Khanal S, Xu S. Preparation and performance of nanoparticle-reinforced chitosan proton-exchange membranes for fuel-cell applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saad Ahmed
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yangben Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Santosh Khanal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Shiai Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
- School of Chemical Engineering; Qinghai University; Xining 810016 China
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