1
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Chen C, Jin H, Wang P, Sun X, Jaroniec M, Zheng Y, Qiao SZ. Local reaction environment in electrocatalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2022-2055. [PMID: 38204405 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00669g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Beyond conventional electrocatalyst engineering, recent studies have unveiled the effectiveness of manipulating the local reaction environment in enhancing the performance of electrocatalytic reactions. The general principles and strategies of local environmental engineering for different electrocatalytic processes have been extensively investigated. This review provides a critical appraisal of the recent advancements in local reaction environment engineering, aiming to comprehensively assess this emerging field. It presents the interactions among surface structure, ions distribution and local electric field in relation to the local reaction environment. Useful protocols such as the interfacial reactant concentration, mass transport rate, adsorption/desorption behaviors, and binding energy are in-depth discussed toward modifying the local reaction environment. Meanwhile, electrode physical structures and reaction cell configurations are viable optimization methods in engineering local reaction environments. In combination with operando investigation techniques, we conclude that rational modifications of the local reaction environment can significantly enhance various electrocatalytic processes by optimizing the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the reaction interface. We also outline future research directions to attain a comprehensive understanding and effective modulation of the local reaction environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Huanyu Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Pengtang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Xiaogang Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Mietek Jaroniec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Yao Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Shi-Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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2
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Xu S, Eisenberg R, Song Z, Huang H. Coupled chemical reactions: Effects of electric field, diffusion, and boundary control. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:064413. [PMID: 38243466 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.064413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Chemical reactions involve the movement of charges, and this paper presents a mathematical model for describing chemical reactions in electrolytes. The model is developed using an energy variational method that aligns with classical thermodynamics principles. It encompasses both electrostatics and chemical reactions within consistently defined energetic and dissipative functionals. Furthermore, the energy variation method is extended to account for open systems that involve the input and output of charge and mass. Such open systems have the capability to convert one form of input energy into another form of output energy. In particular, a two-domain model is developed to study a reaction system with self-regulation and internal switching, which plays a vital role in the electron transport chain of mitochondria responsible for ATP generation-a crucial process for sustaining life. Simulations are conducted to explore the influence of electric potential on reaction rates and switching dynamics within the two-domain system. It shows that the electric potential inhibits the oxidation reaction while accelerating the reduction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Xu
- Zu Chongzhi Center for Mathematics and Computational Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215316, China
| | - Robert Eisenberg
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University, Chicago, Ilinois 60612, USA
| | - Zilong Song
- Math and Statistics Department, Utah State University, Old Main Hill Logan, Utah 84322, USA
| | - Huaxiong Huang
- Research Center for Mathematics, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research and Application for Data Science, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519088, China; Laboratory of Mathematics and Complex Systems, MOE, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; and Department of Mathematics and Statistics York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
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3
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Yang K, Lu Y, Hu Y, Xu Z, Zheng J, Chen H, Wang J, Yu Y, Zhang H, Liu Z, Lu Q. Differentiating Oxygen Exchange Reaction Mechanisms across Phase Boundaries. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25806-25814. [PMID: 37971728 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Triggering phase transitions by controlling the anion stoichiometry is an effective method of tuning the electrocatalytic activity of the functional oxides. However, understanding the potential differences in the reaction mechanism(s) of different phases requires the accurate mapping of phase boundaries during the electrochemical reactions, which can be quite challenging. In this work, we have established a feasible electrochemical method based on the measurement of chemical capacitance to resolve the critical stoichiometry at phase boundaries under operando conditions. We select a simple binary oxide PrOx as a proof-of-principle model system, which shows excellent activity for high-temperature oxygen incorporation and evolution reactions (OIR/OER). We show that the phase transition can be sensitively probed by quantifying the chemical capacitance, which can be further used for differentiating the OIR/OER mechanisms across the phase boundary of PrOx. Therefore, our findings provide a new framework for exploring phase engineering as a tool for the design of electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichuang Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Ying Lu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Zihan Xu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Jieping Zheng
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Haowen Chen
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Jingle Wang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qiyang Lu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
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4
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Wang X, Huang J, Liu Y, Chen S. The decisive role of electrostatic interactions in transport mode and phase segregation of lithium ions in LiFePO 4. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13042-13049. [PMID: 38023513 PMCID: PMC10664578 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04297a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of slow lithium ion (Li+) transport kinetics in LiFePO4 is not only practically important for high power density batteries but also fundamentally significant as a prototypical ion-coupled electron transfer process. Substantial evidence has shown that the slow ion transport kinetics originates from the coupled transfer between electrons and ions and the phase segregation of Li+. Combining a model Hamiltonian analysis and DFT calculations, we reveal that electrostatic interactions play a decisive role in coupled charge transfer and Li+ segregation. The obtained potential energy surfaces prove that ion-electron coupled transfer is the optimal reaction pathway due to electrostatic attractions between Li+ and e- (Fe2+), while prohibitively large energy barriers are required for separate electron tunneling or ion hopping to overcome the electrostatic energy between the Li+-e- (Fe2+) pair. The model reveals that Li+-Li+ repulsive interaction in the [010] transport channels together with Li+-e- (Fe2+)-Li+ attractive interaction along the [100] direction cause the phase segregation of Li+. It explains why the thermodynamically stable phase interface between Li-rich and Li-poor phases in LiFePO4 is perpendicular to [010] channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Jun Huang
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-13: Theory and Computation of Energy Materials, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
- Theory of Electrocatalytic Interfaces, Faculty of Georesources and Materials Engineering, RWTH Aachen University 52062 Aachen Germany
| | - Yuwen Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Shengli Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
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5
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Bazant MZ. Unified quantum theory of electrochemical kinetics by coupled ion-electron transfer. Faraday Discuss 2023; 246:60-124. [PMID: 37676178 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00108c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
A general theory of coupled ion-electron transfer (CIET) is presented, which unifies Marcus kinetics of electron transfer (ET) with Butler-Volmer kinetics of ion transfer (IT). In the limit of large reorganization energy, the theory predicts normal Marcus kinetics of "electron-coupled ion transfer" (ECIT). In the limit of large ion transfer energies, the theory predicts Butler-Volmer kinetics of "ion-coupled electron transfer" (ICET), where the charge transfer coefficient and exchange current are connected to microscopic properties of the electrode/electrolyte interface. In the ICET regime, the reductive and oxidative branches of Tafel's law are predicted to hold over a wide range of overpotentials, bounded by the ion-transfer energies for oxidation and reduction, respectively. The probability distribution of transferring electron energies in CIET smoothly interpolates between a shifted Gaussian distribution for ECIT (as in the Gerischer-Marcus theory of ET) to an asymmetric, fat-tailed Meixner distribution centered at the Fermi level for ICET. The latter may help interpret asymmetric line shapes in x-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) for metal surfaces in terms of shake-up relaxation of the ionized atom and its image polaron by ICET. In the limit of large overpotentials, the theory predicts a transition to inverted Marcus ECIT, leading to a universal reaction-limited current for metal electrodes, dominated by barrierless quantum transitions. Uniformly valid, closed-form asymptotic approximations are derived that smoothly transition between the limiting rate expressions for ICET and ECIT for metal electrodes, using simple but accurate mathematical functions. The theory is applied to lithium intercalation in lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and found to provide a consistent description of the observed current dependence on overpotential, temperature and concentration. CIET theory thus provides a critical bridge between quantum electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering, which may find many other applications and extensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA.
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6
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Komayko AI, Shraer SD, Fedotov SS, Nikitina VA. Advantages of a Solid Solution over Biphasic Intercalation for Vanadium-Based Polyanion Cathodes in Na-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43767-43777. [PMID: 37681324 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The efficient operation of metal-ion batteries in harsh environments, such as at temperatures below -20 °C or at high charge/discharge rates required for EV applications, calls for a careful selection of electrode materials. In this study, we report advantages associated with the solid solution (de)intercalation over the two-phase (de)intercalation pathway and identify the main sources of performance limitations originating from the two mechanisms. To isolate the (de)intercalation pathway as the main variable, we focused on two cathode materials for Na-ion batteries: a recently developed KTiOPO4-type NaVPO4F and a well-studied Na3V2(PO4)2F3. These materials have the same elemental composition, operate within the same potential range, and demonstrate very close ionic diffusivities, yet follow different (de)intercalation routes. To avoid any interpretation uncertainties, we obtained these materials in the form of particles with merely identical morphology and size. A detailed electrochemical study revealed a much lower capacity and energy density retention for phase-transforming Na3V2(PO4)2F3 compared to NaVPO4F, which exhibits a single-phase behavior over a wide range of Na concentrations. The reasons for the inferior rate capability and temperature tolerance for the phase-separating Na3V2(PO4)2F3 material should be affiliated with slow phase boundary propagation. We hope that the comprehensive information on limiting factors provided for both mechanisms is useful for the further optimization of electrode materials toward a new generation of high-power and low-temperature metal-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena I Komayko
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russian Federation
| | - Semyon D Shraer
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav S Fedotov
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russian Federation
| | - Victoria A Nikitina
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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7
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Zhao H, Deng HD, Cohen AE, Lim J, Li Y, Fraggedakis D, Jiang B, Storey BD, Chueh WC, Braatz RD, Bazant MZ. Learning heterogeneous reaction kinetics from X-ray videos pixel by pixel. Nature 2023; 621:289-294. [PMID: 37704764 PMCID: PMC10499602 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Reaction rates at spatially heterogeneous, unstable interfaces are notoriously difficult to quantify, yet are essential in engineering many chemical systems, such as batteries1 and electrocatalysts2. Experimental characterizations of such materials by operando microscopy produce rich image datasets3-6, but data-driven methods to learn physics from these images are still lacking because of the complex coupling of reaction kinetics, surface chemistry and phase separation7. Here we show that heterogeneous reaction kinetics can be learned from in situ scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) images of carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate (LFP) nanoparticles. Combining a large dataset of STXM images with a thermodynamically consistent electrochemical phase-field model, partial differential equation (PDE)-constrained optimization and uncertainty quantification, we extract the free-energy landscape and reaction kinetics and verify their consistency with theoretical models. We also simultaneously learn the spatial heterogeneity of the reaction rate, which closely matches the carbon-coating thickness profiles obtained through Auger electron microscopy (AEM). Across 180,000 image pixels, the mean discrepancy with the learned model is remarkably small (<7%) and comparable with experimental noise. Our results open the possibility of learning nonequilibrium material properties beyond the reach of traditional experimental methods and offer a new non-destructive technique for characterizing and optimizing heterogeneous reactive surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Haitao Dean Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexander E Cohen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jongwoo Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yiyang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dimitrios Fraggedakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benben Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - William C Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Richard D Braatz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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8
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Williams NJ, Osborne C, Seymour ID, Bazant MZ, Skinner SJ. Application of finite Gaussian process distribution of relaxation times on SOFC electrodes. Electrochem commun 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2023.107458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
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9
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Zhuang D, Bazant MZ. Population effects driving active material degradation in intercalation electrodes. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:044603. [PMID: 37198867 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.044603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In battery modeling, the electrode is discretized at the macroscopic scale with a single representative particle in each volume. This lacks the accurate physics to describe interparticle interactions in electrodes. To remedy this, we formulate a model that describes the evolution of degradation of a population of battery active material particles using ideas in population genetics of fitness evolution, where the state of a system depends on the health of each particle that contributes to the system. With the fitness formulation, the model incorporates effects of particle size and heterogeneous degradation effects which accumulate in the particles as the battery is cycled, accounting for different active material degradation mechanisms. At the particle scale, degradation progresses nonuniformly across the population of active particles, observed from the autocatalytic relationship between fitness and degradation. Electrode-level degradation is formed from various contributions of the particle-level degradation, especially from smaller particles. It is shown that specific mechanisms of particle-level degradation can be associated with characteristic signatures in the capacity-loss and voltage profiles. Conversely, certain features in the electrode-level phenomena can also provide insight into the relative importance of different particle-level degradation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Zhuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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10
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Younes H, Rahman MM, Hong H, AlNahyan M, Ravaux F. Capacitive deionization performance of asymmetric nanoengineered CoFe 2O 4 carbon nanomaterials composite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:32539-32549. [PMID: 36469268 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a relatively new technique that uses electric double layer (EDL) effects, high-affinity chemical groups, redox-active materials, and membrane capacitive electrosorption principle for the desalination. In this paper, hydrothermal synthesis of cobalt ferric oxide (CFO) metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) coupled with the vacuum filtration method, or the freeze-drying method is used to fabricate high-performance nanocomposites: CFO-graphene, CFO-CNTs, and CFO-3DrGO. Two times of hydrothermal reaction methods were conducted to fabricate the CFO-3DrGO nanoengineered as a pseudocapacitive/EDL electrode. The results have demonstrated that the SAC of CFO-3DrGO/CFO (64.5 mg g-1) is greater than that of the CFO-graphene/CFO (55.16 mg g-1) and CFO-CNTs/CFO (21.5 mg g-1) due to the better surface area of the CFO-3DrGO nanocomposite (330 m2 g-1). The higher surface area of the CFO-3DrGO is due to the porous and interconnected 3D structure of the 3DrGO, and it provides a larger surface area to form EDL capacitance. In addition, the added porous 3DrGO entangled with the spinel crystals (CoFe2O4) in the composite allowed for a quick ion diffusion across the interconnected open macroporous structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Younes
- Department of Electrical Engineering, South Dakota Mines, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA.
| | - Md Mahfuzur Rahman
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Haiping Hong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, South Dakota Mines, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA
| | - Maryam AlNahyan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Florent Ravaux
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Williams NJ, Quérel E, Seymour ID, Skinner SJ, Aguadero A. Operando Characterization and Theoretical Modeling of Metal|Electrolyte Interphase Growth Kinetics in Solid-State Batteries. Part II: Modeling. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:863-869. [PMID: 36818589 PMCID: PMC9933423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c03131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interfacial dynamics of batteries is crucial to control degradation and increase electrochemical performance and cycling life. If the chemical potential of a negative electrode material lies outside of the stability window of an electrolyte (either solid or liquid), a decomposition layer (interphase) will form at the interface. To better understand and control degradation at interfaces in batteries, theoretical models describing the rate of formation of these interphases are required. This study focuses on the growth kinetics of the interphase forming between solid electrolytes and metallic negative electrodes in solid-state batteries. More specifically, we demonstrate that the rate of interphase formation and metal plating during charge can be accurately described by adapting the theory of coupled ion-electron transfer (CIET). The model is validated by fitting experimental data presented in the first part of this study. The data was collected operando as a Na metal layer was plated on top of a NaSICON solid electrolyte (Na3.4Zr2Si2.4P0.6O12 or NZSP) inside an XPS chamber. This study highlights the depth of information which can be extracted from this single operando experiment and is widely applicable to other solid-state electrolyte systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Williams
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Edouard Quérel
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Ieuan D. Seymour
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Stephen J. Skinner
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Ainara Aguadero
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, Sor Juana Ines de La Cruz 3, 28049Madrid, Spain
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12
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Boyle DT, Kim SC, Oyakhire ST, Vilá RA, Huang Z, Sayavong P, Qin J, Bao Z, Cui Y. Correlating Kinetics to Cyclability Reveals Thermodynamic Origin of Lithium Anode Morphology in Liquid Electrolytes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20717-20725. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David T. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Sang Cheol Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Solomon T. Oyakhire
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Rafael A. Vilá
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Zhuojun Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Philaphon Sayavong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
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13
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Williams NJ, Seymour ID, Fraggedakis D, Skinner SJ. Electric Fields and Charge Separation for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrodes. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7515-7521. [PMID: 36067488 PMCID: PMC9523703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Activation losses at solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrodes have been widely attributed to charge transfer at the electrode surface. The electrostatic nature of electrode-gas interactions allows us to study these phenomena by simulating an electric field across the electrode-gas interface, where we are able to describe the activation overpotential using density functional theory (DFT). The electrostatic responses to the electric field are used to approximate the behavior of an electrode under electrical bias and have found a correlation with experimental data for three different reduction reactions at mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) electrode surfaces (H2O and CO2 on CeO2; O2 on LaFeO3). In this work, we demonstrate the importance of decoupled ion-electron transfer and charged adsorbates on the performance of electrodes under nonequilibrium conditions. Finally, our findings on MIEC-gas interactions have potential implications in the fields of energy storage and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Williams
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ieuan D. Seymour
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Dimitrios Fraggedakis
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stephen J. Skinner
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
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14
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Alkhadra M, Su X, Suss ME, Tian H, Guyes EN, Shocron AN, Conforti KM, de Souza JP, Kim N, Tedesco M, Khoiruddin K, Wenten IG, Santiago JG, Hatton TA, Bazant MZ. Electrochemical Methods for Water Purification, Ion Separations, and Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13547-13635. [PMID: 35904408 PMCID: PMC9413246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural development, extensive industrialization, and rapid growth of the global population have inadvertently been accompanied by environmental pollution. Water pollution is exacerbated by the decreasing ability of traditional treatment methods to comply with tightening environmental standards. This review provides a comprehensive description of the principles and applications of electrochemical methods for water purification, ion separations, and energy conversion. Electrochemical methods have attractive features such as compact size, chemical selectivity, broad applicability, and reduced generation of secondary waste. Perhaps the greatest advantage of electrochemical methods, however, is that they remove contaminants directly from the water, while other technologies extract the water from the contaminants, which enables efficient removal of trace pollutants. The review begins with an overview of conventional electrochemical methods, which drive chemical or physical transformations via Faradaic reactions at electrodes, and proceeds to a detailed examination of the two primary mechanisms by which contaminants are separated in nondestructive electrochemical processes, namely electrokinetics and electrosorption. In these sections, special attention is given to emerging methods, such as shock electrodialysis and Faradaic electrosorption. Given the importance of generating clean, renewable energy, which may sometimes be combined with water purification, the review also discusses inverse methods of electrochemical energy conversion based on reverse electrosorption, electrowetting, and electrokinetic phenomena. The review concludes with a discussion of technology comparisons, remaining challenges, and potential innovations for the field such as process intensification and technoeconomic optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
A. Alkhadra
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Matthew E. Suss
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel,Wolfson
Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel,Nancy
and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Huanhuan Tian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eric N. Guyes
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Amit N. Shocron
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Kameron M. Conforti
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - J. Pedro de Souza
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nayeong Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michele Tedesco
- European
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Wetsus, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Khoiruddin Khoiruddin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia,Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - I Gede Wenten
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia,Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Juan G. Santiago
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin Z. Bazant
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States,Department
of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States,
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15
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Tian H, Bazant MZ. Interfacial Resistive Switching by Multiphase Polarization in Ion-Intercalation Nanofilms. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5866-5873. [PMID: 35815943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonvolatile resistive-switching (RS) memories promise to revolutionize hardware architectures with in-memory computing. Recently, ion-interclation materials have attracted increasing attention as potential RS materials for their ion-modulated electronic conductivity. In this Letter, we propose RS by multiphase polarization (MP) of ion-intercalated thin films between ion-blocking electrodes, in which interfacial phase separation triggered by an applied voltage switches the electron-transfer resistance. We develop an electrochemical phase-field model for simulations of coupled ion-electron transport and ion-modulated electron-transfer rates and use it to analyze the MP switching current and time, resistance ratio, and current-voltage response. The model is able to reproduce the complex cyclic voltammograms of lithium titanate (LTO) memristors, which cannot be explained by existing models based on bulk dielectric breakdown. The theory predicts the achievable switching speeds for multiphase ion-intercalation materials and could be used to guide the design of high-performance MP-based RS memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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16
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Yang TT, Saidi WA. Reconciling the Volcano Trend with the Butler-Volmer Model for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5310-5315. [PMID: 35675155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The volcano trend has been widely utilized to forecast new optimum catalysts in computational chemistry while the Butler-Volmer relationship is the norm to explain current-potential characteristics from cyclic voltammetry in analytical chemistry. Herein, we develop an electrochemical model for hydrogen evolution reaction exchange currents that reconciles device-level chemistry, atomic-level volcano trend, and the Butler-Volmer relation. We show that the model is a function of the easy-to-compute hydrogen adsorption energy invariably obtained from first-principles atomic simulations. In addition, the model reproduces with high fidelity the experimental exchange currents for elemental metal catalysts over 15 orders of magnitude and is consistent with the recently proposed analytical model based on a data-driven approach. Our findings based on fundamental electrochemistry principles are general and can be applied to other reactions including CO2 reduction, metal oxidation, and lithium (de)intercalation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy T Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Wissam A Saidi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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17
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Castner AT, Su H, Svensson Grape E, Inge AK, Johnson BA, Ahlquist MSG, Ott S. Microscopic Insights into Cation-Coupled Electron Hopping Transport in a Metal-Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5910-5920. [PMID: 35325542 PMCID: PMC8990995 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electron transport through metal-organic frameworks by a hopping mechanism between discrete redox active sites is coupled to diffusion-migration of charge-balancing counter cations. Experimentally determined apparent diffusion coefficients, Deapp, that characterize this form of charge transport thus contain contributions from both processes. While this is well established for MOFs, microscopic descriptions of this process are largely lacking. Herein, we systematically lay out different scenarios for cation-coupled electron transfer processes that are at the heart of charge diffusion through MOFs. Through systematic variations of solvents and electrolyte cations, it is shown that the Deapp for charge migration through a PIZOF-type MOF, Zr(dcphOH-NDI) that is composed of redox-active naphthalenediimide (NDI) linkers, spans over 2 orders of magnitude. More importantly, however, the microscopic mechanisms for cation-coupled electron propagation are contingent on differing factors depending on the size of the cation and its propensity to engage in ion pairs with reduced linkers, either non-specifically or in defined structural arrangements. Based on computations and in agreement with experimental results, we show that ion pairing generally has an adverse effect on cation transport, thereby slowing down charge transport. In Zr(dcphOH-NDI), however, specific cation-linker interactions can open pathways for concerted cation-coupled electron transfer processes that can outcompete limitations from reduced cation flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh T Castner
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Svensson Grape
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Ken Inge
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ben A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mårten S G Ahlquist
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Huang B, Rao RR, You S, Hpone Myint K, Song Y, Wang Y, Ding W, Giordano L, Zhang Y, Wang T, Muy S, Katayama Y, Grossman JC, Willard AP, Xu K, Jiang Y, Shao-Horn Y. Cation- and pH-Dependent Hydrogen Evolution and Oxidation Reaction Kinetics. JACS AU 2021; 1:1674-1687. [PMID: 34723270 PMCID: PMC8549054 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The production of molecular hydrogen by catalyzing water splitting is central to achieving the decarbonization of sustainable fuels and chemical transformations. In this work, a series of structure-making/breaking cations in the electrolyte were investigated as spectator cations in hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions (HER/HOR) in the pH range of 1 to 14, whose kinetics was found to be altered by up to 2 orders of magnitude by these cations. The exchange current density of HER/HOR was shown to increase with greater structure-making tendency of cations in the order of Cs+ < Rb+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+, which was accompanied by decreasing reorganization energy from the Marcus-Hush-Chidsey formalism and increasing reaction entropy. Invoking the Born model of reorganization energy and reaction entropy, the static dielectric constant of the electrolyte at the electrified interface was found to be significantly lower than that of bulk, decreasing with the structure-making tendency of cations at the negatively charged Pt surface. The physical origin of cation-dependent HER/HOR kinetics can be rationalized by an increase in concentration of cations on the negatively charged Pt surface, altering the interfacial water structure and the H-bonding network, which is supported by classical molecular dynamics simulation and surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy. This work highlights immense opportunities to control the reaction rates by tuning interfacial structures of cation and solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botao Huang
- Electrochemical
Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Reshma R. Rao
- Electrochemical
Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sifan You
- International
Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Kyaw Hpone Myint
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yizhi Song
- International
Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yanming Wang
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wendu Ding
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Livia Giordano
- Electrochemical
Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yirui Zhang
- Electrochemical
Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Electrochemical
Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sokseiha Muy
- Electrochemical
Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yu Katayama
- Electrochemical
Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for
Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Jeffrey C. Grossman
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Adam P. Willard
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kang Xu
- Battery
Science Branch, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783-1197, United States
| | - Ying Jiang
- International
Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Electrochemical
Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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19
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Xing D, Bawol PP, Abd‐El‐Latif AAA, Zan L, Baltruschat H. Insertion of Magnesium into Antimony Layers on Gold Electrodes:Kinetic Behaviour. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Xing
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Bonn Römerstraße 164 53117 Bonn Germany
| | - Pawel P. Bawol
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Bonn Römerstraße 164 53117 Bonn Germany
| | - Abd‐El‐Aziz A. A. Abd‐El‐Latif
- Current address: Accumulator Materials Research (ECM) Zentrum für Sonnenenergie-und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg (ZSW) Lise-Meitner-Str. 24 89081 Ulm
- Permanent address: National Research Centre Physical Chemistry Dept. El-Bohouth St. Dokki 12311 Cairo Egypt
| | - Lingxing Zan
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Bonn Römerstraße 164 53117 Bonn Germany
- Current address: Key Laboratory of Chemical reaction engineering of Shaanxi Province College of Chemistry & Chemical engineering Yan'an University Yan'an 716000 P.R. China
| | - Helmut Baltruschat
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Bonn Römerstraße 164 53117 Bonn Germany
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20
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Moghaddam M, Sepp S, Wiberg C, Bertei A, Rucci A, Peljo P. Thermodynamics, Charge Transfer and Practical Considerations of Solid Boosters in Redox Flow Batteries. Molecules 2021; 26:2111. [PMID: 33917004 PMCID: PMC8067695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid boosters are an emerging concept for improving the performance and especially the energy storage density of the redox flow batteries, but thermodynamical and practical considerations of these systems are missing, scarce or scattered in the literature. In this paper we will formulate how these systems work from the point of view of thermodynamics. We describe possible pathways for charge transfer, estimate the overpotentials required for these reactions in realistic conditions, and illustrate the range of energy storage densities achievable considering different redox electrolyte concentrations, solid volume fractions and solid charge storage densities. Approximately 80% of charge storage capacity of the solid can be accessed if redox electrolyte and redox solid have matching redox potentials. 100 times higher active areas are required from the solid boosters in the tank to reach overpotentials of <10 mV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Moghaddam
- Research Group of Battery Materials and Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20014 Turun Yliopisto, Finland; (M.M.); (S.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Silver Sepp
- Research Group of Battery Materials and Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20014 Turun Yliopisto, Finland; (M.M.); (S.S.); (C.W.)
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Cedrik Wiberg
- Research Group of Battery Materials and Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20014 Turun Yliopisto, Finland; (M.M.); (S.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Antonio Bertei
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering (DICI), University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Alexis Rucci
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Pekka Peljo
- Research Group of Battery Materials and Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20014 Turun Yliopisto, Finland; (M.M.); (S.S.); (C.W.)
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21
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Williams NJ, Seymour ID, Leah RT, Mukerjee S, Selby M, Skinner SJ. Theory of the electrostatic surface potential and intrinsic dipole moments at the mixed ionic electronic conductor (MIEC)-gas interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14569-14579. [PMID: 33988196 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01639c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The local activation overpotential describes the electrostatic potential shift away from equilibrium at an electrode/electrolyte interface. This electrostatic potential is not entirely satisfactory for describing the reaction kinetics of a mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) solid-oxide cell (SOC) electrode where charge transfer occurs at the electrode-gas interface. Using the theory of the electrostatic potential at the MIEC-gas interface as an electrochemical driving force, charge transfer at the ceria-gas interface has been modelled based on the intrinsic dipole potential of the adsorbate. This model gives a physically meaningful reason for the enhancement in electrochemical activity of a MIEC electrode as the steam and hydrogen pressure is increased in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes. This model was validated against operando XPS data from previous literature to accurately predict the outer work function shift of thin film Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 in a H2/H2O atmosphere as a function of overpotential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Williams
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Ieuan D Seymour
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Robert T Leah
- Ceres Power Ltd, Viking House, Foundry Lane, Horsham, RH13 5PX, UK
| | | | - Mark Selby
- Ceres Power Ltd, Viking House, Foundry Lane, Horsham, RH13 5PX, UK
| | - Stephen J Skinner
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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22
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Fraggedakis D, Bazant MZ. Tuning the stability of electrochemical interfaces by electron transfer reactions. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:184703. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0006833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Fraggedakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Martin Z. Bazant
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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