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Yu J, Li H, Liu Y, Wang C. PCDD/Fs in indoor environments of residential communities around a municipal solid waste incineration plant in East China: Occurrence, sources, and cancer risks. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 174:107902. [PMID: 37031517 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) can pose several adverse outcomes on human health. However, there is limited information on public health associated with indoor PCDD/F exposure in residential environments. Here, we examined PCDD/F concentrations in indoor air and indoor dust samples obtained from households near a municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plant. Our measurements revealed that the toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations of PCDD/Fs in indoor air ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 pg TEQ/m3, which were below intervention thresholds (0.6 pg TEQ/m3). Additionally, the TEQ concentrations of PCDD/Fs in indoor dust ranged from 0.30 to 11.56 ng TEQ/kg. Higher PCDD/F levels were found in household dust in the town of Taopu compared to those in the town of Changzheng. Principal component analysis (PCA) of PCDD/Fs suggested that waste incineration was the primary source of PCDD/Fs in indoor air, whereas PCDD/Fs in indoor dust came from multiple sources. The results of the health risk assessment showed the carcinogenic risk due to indoor PCDD/F exposure was higher for adults than for nursery children and primary school children. The carcinogenic risks of PCDD/Fs for age groups residing near the MSWI plant were all less than the risk threshold (10-5). Our findings will help to better understand the levels of PCDD/F exposure among urban populations living in residential communities around the MSWI plant and to formulate corresponding control measures to reduce probabilistic risk implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Institute for Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Yongdi Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- Institute for Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
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Chi KH, Huang YT, Nguyen HM, Tran TTH, Chantara S, Ngo TH. Characteristics and health impacts of PM 2.5-bound PCDD/Fs in three Asian countries. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 167:107441. [PMID: 35926263 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were ubiquitous, persistent chemical compounds attached to particulate matter in the atmosphere. We aimed to study the characteristics of these pollutants in atmospheric PM2.5 of three Asian countries, including Taiwan (Taipei), Thailand (Chiang Mai), and Vietnam (Hanoi). We carried out a source apportionment analysis to determine significant PCDD/F contributors in these areas. Multiple media model was conducted to access the health impact assessment. The PM2.5 concentration in Taipei (n = 7), Chiang Mai (n = 20), and Hanoi (n = 10) were 18.4 ± 6.21 μg/m3, 133 ± 49.5 μg/m3, and 88.1 ± 12.6 µg/m3, respectively. The PCDD/Fs level in Hanoi was 92.4 ± 67.3 fg I-TEQ/m3, and in Taipei and Chiang Mai was 5.01 ± 2.39 fg I-TEQ/m3 and 14.4 ± 13.1 fg I-TEQ/m3, respectively, which showed that the higher PM2.5 concentration was not necessary to follow with higher PCDD/Fs level. In all three cities, the effect of traffic on ambient PCDD/F level was significant (23-25 %). However, we also observed the specific sources of PCDD/Fs in each city during the sampling periods, namely long-range transport (Taipei, 55 %), Biomass/open burning (Chiang Mai, 77 %), and industrial activities (Hanoi, 34 %). In the carcinogenic risk estimation, the highest median total carcinogenic risk was in Hanoi (5.87 × 10-6), followed by Chiang Mai (1.06x10-6), and Taipei (2.95 × 10-7). Although diet was the major absorption pathway, the food contributor of exposure differed among the three areas due to the difference in food consumption composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hsien Chi
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung Minh Nguyen
- Ozone Layer Protection & Low Carbon Economy Development Center, Department for Climate Change, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE), Viet Nam
| | - Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran
- Environmental Health Department, Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Road, North Tu Liem, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Somporn Chantara
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Tuan Hung Ngo
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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Wu D, Qi J, Li Q, Chen J, Chen Y, Chen J. Extreme Exposure Levels of PCDD/Fs Inhaled from Biomass Burning Activity for Cooking in Typical Rural Households. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7299-7306. [PMID: 34014073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), emitted during biomass combustion, are carcinogenic chemicals. The association between indoor biomass burning and PCDD/Fs inhalation exposure levels is still poorly understood. This study first reports direct measurement of personal exposure to PCDD/Fs in real-world households with wood combustion. In homes where biomass burning is used for cooking, toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) PCDD/Fs concentrations were found to be 545 ± 251 fg I-TEQ/m3 in kitchens, with levels of 4.5-, 6.9-, and 13.3-fold higher than those in living rooms (122 ± 92 fg I-TEQ/m3), bedrooms (79 ± 27 fg I-TEQ/m3), and ambient air (41 ± 15 fg I-TEQ/m3), respectively. PCDD/Fs exposure levels in populations using biomass fuels for cooking (353 ± 110 fg I-TEQ/m3) were 4.3-fold higher than those in the control groups (82 ± 32 fg I-TEQ/m3). Additionally, the average cancer risks for biomass cooking person were approximately 3.1-fold higher than those in factory workers. Overall, residents of household that use biomass fuels for cooking have the highest known risk of PCDD/Fs exposure. These results highlight that aiming to mitigate the PCDD/Fs exposure risk in the general population, the focus of dioxin emission source control measures should shift from industrial sectors to residential biomass combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Juan Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou College of Industrial Technology, Xuzhou 221140, China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), No. 3663 Northern Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), No. 3663 Northern Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Xing Y, Zhang H, Su W, Wang Q, Yu H, Wang J, Li R, Cai C, Ma Z. The bibliometric analysis and review of dioxin in waste incineration and steel sintering. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:35687-35703. [PMID: 31745800 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Facing the common treatment problems of dioxin whose major sources come from waste incineration and steel sintering, we handled a massive literature dataset from the Web of Science database and analyzed the research hotspot and development trend in this field in the past 40 years by bibliometric method. The result indicates that the field of dioxins generated from waste incineration and steel sintering has entered a stage of rapid development since 1990. China occupies a leading position in terms of comprehensive strength with the largest publications output as well as a greater influence in recent years. The most productive institutions and journals are Zhejiang University and Chemosphere, respectively. In addition, the most commonly used keywords in statistical analysis are "fly ash," "emission control," "risk assessment," "congener profile," "formation mechanisms," "sources," "catalysis," and "inhibition," which reflects the current main research direction in this field. The similarities and differences of dioxins generated in waste incineration and steel sintering are reviewed in this paper, which will provide guidance for the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xing
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wei Su
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Qunhui Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haibin Yu
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jiaqing Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Changqing Cai
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhiliang Ma
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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Hu Z, Li J, Li B, Zhang Z. Annual changes in concentrations and health risks of PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in ambient air based on the Global Monitoring Plan in São Paulo. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113310. [PMID: 31600699 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air contains a number of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), to which inhalation exposure has drawn worldwide concern. However, information regarding annual changes in the concentrations and health risks of POPs in the ambient air of São Paulo, Brazil, are limited. This study provides comprehensive information on annual changes in polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs), and 10 groups of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the ambient air of São Paulo between 2010 and 2015 based on the Global Monitoring Plan. The mass concentrations of the studied POPs (PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs, and OCPs) showed declining trends from 2010 to 2015 (from 2.65 × 10-2 to 1.33 × 10-2 pg m-3, from 9.89 × 10-2 to 3.12 × 10-2 pg m-3, and from 0.313 to 0.100 ng m-3, respectively), which might be due to the decrease of non-intentional emissions. The carcinogenic risk (CR) and non-carcinogenic risk (Non-CR) of the studied POPs were 1.48 × 10-11 to 6.08 × 10-7 and 3.44 × 10-8 to 3.34 × 10-3, respectively, which are lower than the generally accepted threshold values (10-6/10-5 and 1 for CR and Non-CR, respectively), suggesting that the health risks posed by the studied POPs were acceptable. PCDD/Fs had the highest CR (6.08 × 10-8-4.81 × 10-7), whereas the 95th percentile CR of DL-PCBs and nine of the OCPs were lower than 10-7, suggesting that among the studied POPs, PCDD/Fs in the ambient air warrant special attention. The 95th percentile CRs of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (2.30 × 10-8), dieldrin (1.30 × 10-8), hexachlorocyclohexanes (1.05 × 10-8), heptachlor (8.97 × 10-9), hexachlorobenzene (6.47 × 10-9), chlordane (5.89 × 10-9), heptachlor epoxide (1.42 × 10-9), aldrin (1.33 × 10-9), and mirex (2.71 × 10-10) in ambient air were relatively low, suggesting that their threats to human health were negligible. In general, PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs, and OCPs in the ambient air of São Paulo did not pose serious threats to human health during 2010-2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of SoochowUniversity, Suzhou, China; Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lishui, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of SoochowUniversity, Suzhou, China
| | - Zengli Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of SoochowUniversity, Suzhou, China.
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Lai CH, Lin CH, Liao CC, Chuang KY, Peng YP. Effects of heavy metals on health risk and characteristic in surrounding atmosphere of tire manufacturing plant, Taiwan. RSC Adv 2018; 8:3041-3050. [PMID: 35541188 PMCID: PMC9077559 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10994f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The health and environmental effects of metal-containing carbon black (CB) particles emitted from a CB feeding area near a tire manufacturing plant were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiang Lai
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering
- Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taichung
- Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Lin
- Department of Biotechnology
- National Formosa University
- Yunlin
- Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chun Liao
- Institute of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering
- Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taichung
- Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Yuan Chuang
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering
- Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taichung
- Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ping Peng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tung Hai University
- Taichung
- Taiwan
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Dziubanek G, Marchwińska-Wyrwał E, Ćwieląg-Drabek M, Spychała A, Rusin M, Piekut A, Hajok I. Preliminary study of possible relationships between exposure to PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in ambient air and the length of life of people. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 598:129-134. [PMID: 28441591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of studies on the impact of very toxic and persistent organic compounds as polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the population life expectancy. Preliminary studies on the relations between exposure to PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in ambient air and the length of life of residents of 12 cities (2 million people) in the Silesia province has been undertaken. The average length of life of inhabitants in 12 cities of Silesia province was calculated on the basis of register of deaths after excluding deaths caused by external causes and the concentration of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs were measured. The studies have shown that inhalation exposure to dioxins, furans and dl-PCBs could be an important factor which may shorten the life expectancy of the population. The results of preliminary studies indicate a strong correlation between the concentration of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in the ambient air and the length of life of women. The conducted analysis of the regression shows that reduction of chlorinated persistent organic compounds of 10fg I-TEQ/m3 could extend life expectancy of women by approximately 4months (0.3years).
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Dziubanek
- Department of Environmental Health Risk Factors, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Ewa Marchwińska-Wyrwał
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Ćwieląg-Drabek
- Department of Environmental Health Risk Factors, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Anna Spychała
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Monika Rusin
- Department of Environmental Health Risk Factors, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Agata Piekut
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Ilona Hajok
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland.
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Yang L, Liu G, Zheng M, Jin R, Zhu Q, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Xu Y. Atmospheric occurrence and health risks of PCDD/Fs, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polychlorinated naphthalenes by air inhalation in metallurgical plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 580:1146-1154. [PMID: 27989480 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Metallurgical plants are important sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). It is significant to evaluate the air levels and human risks of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PCNs in metallurgical plants considering their adverse effects on human health and thousands of metallurgical plants being in operation in China. The estimated inhalation intakes of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PCNs together in eight iron ore sintering plants, three secondary copper plants, four secondary aluminum plants, and one secondary lead plant were 4.9-213.4, 21.4-4026.4, 28.7-630, and 11.7fgTEQkg-1day-1, respectively, and the corresponding cancer risks were estimated to be 8.7×10-7 to 3.8×10-5, 5.1×10-6 to 1.1×10-4, 3.8×10-6 to 7.1×10-4, and 2.1×10-6, respectively. The estimated cancer risk were higher than 100 per million people for three secondary aluminum and copper smelters among the sixteen metallurgical plants, indicating high cancer risks. Stack gas samples from metallurgical plants were also collected and analyzed for comparing their emission profiles with that of air samples. The comparison of PCDD/F, PCB and PCN profiles between air samples and stack gas samples by similarity calculation and principal component analysis suggested the influence of stack gas emissions from metallurgical plants on surrounding air. These results are helpful for understanding the exposure risk to PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PCNs in numerous metallurgical plants being operation in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Minghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Han Y, Liu W, Hansen HCB, Chen X, Liao X, Li H, Wang M, Yan N. Concentrations of and health risks posed by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans around industrial sites in Hebei Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:18742-18752. [PMID: 27314421 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sintering and steel production as the main emission sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) may affect environment and human health. The concentrations, profiles, and distributions of PCDD/Fs in soil samples from around four typical sintering and steel production plants in Hebei Province, China, were determined. Forty-six soil samples were collected at distances from 500 to 9000 m from industrial plant chimneys. The concentrations of total 17 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/F congeners in the soil samples from sites A, B, C, and D were in the range 11-130, 13-284, 2.6-378, and 21-231 pg/g, respectively, and the internationally accepted toxic equivalent (I-TEQ) concentrations were 0.37-13.2, 0.31-12.1, 0.13-13.7, and 1.60-22.7 pg I-TEQ/g, respectively. Soil ingestion was estimated the major exposure pathway to PCDD/Fs. At current PCDD/F concentrations, the local population will be exposed to low amounts of PCDD/Fs in soil from around the industrial sites, and this exposure will pose potential health risks for the local population living at distances of less than 1000 m from nearest stack but will have no high health risks for people living further away. These results will be helpful when planning measures to control PCDD/F sources. The data will also benefit local environmental monitoring studies and be useful when assessing the risks posed by PCDD/Fs around the industrial sites to the environment and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Hans Chr Bruun Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Environmental Chemistry and Physics, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Xuebin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mengjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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Wu S, Zhou J, Pan Y, Zhang J, Zhang L, Ohtsuka N, Motegi M, Yonemochi S, Oh K, Hosono S, Qian G. Dioxin distribution characteristics and health risk assessment in different size particles of fly ash from MSWIs in China. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 50:113-120. [PMID: 26873013 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
During the process of treating and recycling Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators (MSWIs) fly ash, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (dl-PCBs) in fly ash may potentially mobilize in the atmosphere and be widely distributed in the environment because of the inevitable re-suspension. Thus, this work presents the distributions of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in inhalable coarse particles (Dp10-2.5 (particle diameter in μm)), fine particles (Dp<2.5) of fly ash and original fly ash from four MSWI plants in China. The results show that PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs preferentially concentrated in Dp10-2.5 and Dp<2.5. Their mass concentrations and TEQ were significantly higher than those in the original fly ash, but the distribution of PCDD/Fs congeners in Dp10-2.5 and Dp<2.5 was close to that in the original fly ash. The main TEQ contribution included 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, 2,3,7,8-TeCDD in PCDDs and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF in PCDFs for Dp10-2.5, Dp<2.5 fractions and the original fly ash. Furthermore, the mass and TEQ contribution of dl-PCBs was relatively low. In addition, compared with the fluidized bed, the samples from the grate-type furnaces had significantly lower dioxin concentrations. In terms of potential health risk, the non-carcinogenic risk of PCDD/Fs in Dp10-2.5 and Dp<2.5 were estimated at 9.87 × 10(-1) to 4.81 and 1.19-7.95. For the carcinogenic risk of PCDD/Fs, both accumulation of Hazard Quotients (HQ) in Dp10-2.5 and Dp<2.5 exceeded the threshold limit and should be considered as unacceptable risk for onsite workers. The above findings could provide data to support the risk management of MSWI fly ash during the process of recycle and disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simiao Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Jizhi Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yun Pan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Lingen Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Nobutoshi Ohtsuka
- Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo, Saitama 347-0115, Japan
| | - Mamoru Motegi
- Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo, Saitama 347-0115, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yonemochi
- Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo, Saitama 347-0115, Japan
| | - Kokyo Oh
- Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo, Saitama 347-0115, Japan.
| | - Shigeo Hosono
- Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo, Saitama 347-0115, Japan
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
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Liu G, Zheng M, Jiang X, Jin R, Zhao Y, Zhan J. Insights into the emission reductions of multiple unintentional persistent organic pollutants from industrial activities. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:420-424. [PMID: 26386431 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Industrial activities result in unintentional production of multiple types of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) at various concentrations. Because of the potential adverse effect of these POPs on the environment, biota and human health, methods for controlling emission of POPs are required. Development and application of techniques for controlling emissions of POPs can be a technical and economic burden for the industry involved. Therefore, from the point of view of cost-benefit analysis, reducing emissions of multiple pollutants at the same time is optimal for sustainable industrial development. Although techniques have been developed for reducing the emissions of individual POPs, such as dioxins, further work is required on multi-POP control emissions from industrial activities. This paper discusses three important aspects that need to be taken to achieve multi-POP control. These aspects include the establishment of a comprehensive system for evaluating the risk from emissions of multiple POPs, determination of indicators for total emissions of multiple POPs, and the preparation and application of functional materials to inhibit formation of multiple POPs. These discussion might be helpful for the future research on the multi-POP control in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Rong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jiayu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research, Beijing 100041, China
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12
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Lai CH, Yan TY. Characteristics and aerosol size distributions of metal-containing paint particles at a spray-painting workplace. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20179b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The health effects of metal-containing paint-particles at various particle-size distributions on workers in a spray-painting workplace at an industrial ventilation equipment manufacturing plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiang Lai
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering
- Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taichung
- Republic of China
| | - Ting-Yu Yan
- Institute of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering
- Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taichung
- Republic of China
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13
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Chuang KY, Lai CH, Peng YP, Yen TY. Characteristics of particle-bound polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in atmosphere used in carbon black feeding process at a tire manufacturing plant. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:19451-19460. [PMID: 26257121 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were estimated for different particle size distributions in a carbon black feeding process at a tire manufacturing plant on 15 days in March and April of 2014. A total of 75 integrated air samples were collected using a micro-orifice uniform deposition impactor (MOUDI). Particle-bound PCDD/Fs were analyzed using a high-resolution gas chromatograph/high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRGC/HRMS). Concentrations of thoracic particles and total particles produced in the carbon black feeding process of a tire manufacturing plant were measured in ranges of 0.19-2.61 and 0.28-4.22 mg/m(3), respectively. On all sampling days, the three most abundant species of PCDD/Fs were OCDD, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF, and OCDF. The mean concentrations of total PCDD/Fs were 0.74-6.83 pg/m(3) within five particle size ranges. Total I-TEQ in particulate matter (PM)<1.0 was 2.2 and 3.2 times higher than those in PM>18 and PM2.5-10, respectively. However, the total I-TEQ of thoracic PM contributed approximately 74 % of the total I-TEQ of total PM. The assessment of health risk indicates that exposure to fractions of thoracic PM by inhalation poses a significant cancer risk (>10(-6)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuen-Yuan Chuang
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Hsiang Lai
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Yen-Ping Peng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ting-Yu Yen
- Institute of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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14
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Wang M, Liu G, Jiang X, Xiao K, Zheng M. Formation and potential mechanisms of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans on fly ash from a secondary copper smelting process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:8747-8755. [PMID: 25572269 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-4046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Secondary copper smelting (SeCu) is widely considered to be an important source of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs and PCDFs; PCDD/Fs). Laboratory experiments were performed using SeCu fly ash as a matrix for thermochemical reactions to investigate the effects of fly ash on the formation of PCDD/Fs and the potential mechanisms. Thermochemical reactions on SeCu fly ash over a temperature range of 250-450 °C and reaction times of 10-120 min caused the PCDD/F concentrations in the fly ash to increase significantly. The PCDD/F concentrations formed in the thermal reactions were about 99-139 times higher than the PCDD/F concentrations in the original fly ash, clearly indicating that fly ash promoted the formation of PCDD/Fs. The PCDFs dominated the PCDDs, and the PCDF/PCDD concentration ratio was about 30-40. Octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF), octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, and the heptachlorodibenzofurans were the most dominant homologs that were formed. A comparison of the PCDD/F patterns produced in the thermochemical reactions and the patterns in the original fly ash suggested that the chlorination of less chlorinated PCDFs might be an important pathway in the formation of higher chlorinated furans. The results of this study indicated that SeCu fly ash has a high PCDD/F formation potential. It is crucial to have the fly ash filter at low temperature and that fly ash in the cooling system should be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
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Jackson K, Aries E, Fisher R, Anderson DR, Parris A. Assessment of exposure to PCDD/F, PCB, and PAH at a basic oxygen Steelmaking (BOS) and an iron ore sintering plant in the UK. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 56:37-48. [PMID: 21989166 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mer071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
An assessment was carried out at a UK integrated steelworks to investigate the exposure of workers via inhalation to dioxins [polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD/F)], polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) including benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Investigations focused on a basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) plant and an iron ore sintering plant. The highest concentrations of PCDD/F and dioxin-like PCB were found at the BOS vessels and sinter strand area at the BOS and sinter plant, respectively. A risk assessment was carried out by comparing the daily intake of PCDD/F and PCB via inhalation with the recommended tolerable daily intake (TDI) proposed by the World Health Organisation (WHO). For the most exposed category of worker in this study (i.e. sinter plant workers inside the strand area), the estimated daily intake via inhalation was estimated to be 0.25 pg WHO-toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQ) kg(-1) body weight (bw). Considering that the average UK adult exposure to PCDD/F from the diet is 1.8 pg WHO-TEQ kg(-1) bw day(-1), the results indicated that the estimated daily intake of PCDD/F and PCB via inhalation for sinter plant workers would not result in the recommended range of the TDI (1-4 pg WHO-TEQ kg(-1) bw day(-1)) being exceeded. Cancer risks for a 40-year occupational exposure period were determined by multiplying the estimated intake by the inhalation cancer potency factor for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. For the most exposed category of worker, cancer risks from exposure to PCDD/F and PCB ranged from 2.5 × 10(-6) to 5.2 × 10(-5). Under most regulatory programmes, excess cancer risks between 1.0 × 10(-6) and 1.0 × 10(-4) indicate an acceptable range of cancer risk, suggesting a limited risk from PCDD/F and PCB exposure for workers in the sinter plant. With regard to PAH, B[a]P concentrations were typically <10 ng m(-3) at all locations at both the sinter plant and the BOS plant. In several cases, particularly at the sinter plant, B[a]P concentrations were well below or only marginally above the target value of 1 ng m(-3) specified in ambient air by the European Commission in the fourth 'Daughter' Directive of the Air Quality Framework Directive suggesting a very low risk of exposure for workers. For PAH, excess cancer risks ranged from 2.4 × 10(-6) to 7.3 × 10(-6) for BOS plant workers and from for 5.3 × 10(-7) to 1.5 × 10(-5) for sinter plant workers, well within the acceptable range proposed by the US EPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Jackson
- Tata Steel, Group Environment, Swinden Technology Centre, Moorgate, Rotherham S60 3AR, UK.
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Sammut ML, Noack Y, Rose J, Hazemann JL, Proux O, Depoux M, Ziebel A, Fiani E. Speciation of Cd and Pb in dust emitted from sinter plant. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 78:445-50. [PMID: 19919874 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have provided evidence of the impact of heavy metals in atmospheric emission. Sinter plants represent the first step in steel production, and are important emitters of Cd and Pb. The toxicity of these two metals depends above all on their speciation. Particles collected before and after the filtration system were analysed to determine the Cd- and Pb-bearing phases, using analytical tools such as XRF, EXAFS or ICP-AES and chemical leaching (sequential extractions adapted to steel dusts). Results show that Pb is associated with carbonate and Cd with chloride. These two types of speciation lead to high solubility under common environmental conditions, which may produce impacts on the environment and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Sammut
- CEREGE, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CdF, IRD, BP 80, 13545 Aix en Provence, Cedex 4, France
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