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Tariq S, Mariam A, Ul-Haq Z, Mehmood U. Assessment of variability in PM 2.5 and its impact on human health in a West African country. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140357. [PMID: 37802479 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 has become a global challenge threatening human health, climate, and the environment. PM2.5 is ranked as the most common cause of premature mortality and morbidity. Therefore, the current study endeavors to probe the spatiodynamic characteristics of PM2.5 in the Republic of Niger and its impacts on human health from 1998 to 2019. Based on remotely sensed satellite datasets, the study found that the concentration of PM2.5 continued to rise in Niger from 68.85 μg/m3 in 1998 to 70.47 μg/m3 in 2019. During the study period, the annual average PM2.5 concentration is far above the WHO guidelines and the interim target-1 (35 μg/m3). The overall annual growth rate of PM2.5 concentration in Niger is 0.02 μg/m3/year. The health risk (HR) due to PM2.5 exposure is also escalated in Niger, particularly, in Southern Niger. The extent of the extremely high-risk areas corresponding to 1 × 104-9.4 × 105 μg.persons/m3 is increased from 0.9% (2000) to 2.8% (2019). Niamey, southern Dakoro, Mayahi, Tessaoua, Mirriah, Magaria, Matameye, Aguié, Madarounfa, Groumdji, Madaoua, Bouza, Keita, eastern Tahoua, eastern Illéla, Bkomnni, southern Dogon-Doutchi, Gaya, eastern Boboye, central Kollo, and western Tillabéry are experienced high HR due to long-term exposure to PM2.5. These findings indicate that PM2.5 causes a serious health risk across Niger. There is an immediate need to carry out its regional control. Therefore, policymakers and the Nigerien government should make conscious efforts to identify the priority target areas with radically innovative appropriate mitigation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Tariq
- Department of Space Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space Applications), Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Ayesha Mariam
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space Applications), Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul-Haq
- Department of Space Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space Applications), Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Usman Mehmood
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space Applications), Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Political Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
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Liu H, Xu X, Tam VWY, Mao P. What is the "DNA" of healthy buildings? A critical review and future directions. RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2023; 183:113460. [PMID: 37359216 PMCID: PMC10280327 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2023.113460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, buildings that provide improved performance have aroused extensive discussion. Nowadays, the connotation of healthy building is becoming complex, performance metrics for healthy buildings vary significantly from different regions in the world and there may be information asymmetry among stakeholders. Consequently, building health performance cannot be effectively achieved. However, previous studies have launched extensive reviews on green building, and there remains a lack of comprehensive and systematic reviews on healthy buildings. To address the above issues, therefore, this research aims to (1) conduct a thorough review of healthy building research and reveal its nature; and (2) identify the current research gaps and propose possible future research directions. Content analysis using NVivo were applied to review 238 relevant publications. A DNA framework of healthy buildings, which clarifies the characteristics, triggers, guides and actions, was then constructed for better understanding of the nature of them. Subsequently, the application of DNA framework and the directions of future research were discussed. Six future research directions were finally recommended, including life-cycle thinking, standard systems improvement, policies & regulations, awareness increase, healthy building examination, and multidisciplinary integration. This research differs from previous ones because it painted a panorama of previous healthy building research. Findings of this research contribute to reveal knowledge map of healthy buildings, guide researchers to fill existing knowledge gaps, provide a standardized platform for healthy building stakeholders, and promote high-quality development of healthy buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Vivian W Y Tam
- School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Peng Mao
- School of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
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Lin X, Luo J, Liao M, Su Y, Lv M, Li Q, Xiao S, Xiang J. Wearable Sensor-Based Monitoring of Environmental Exposures and the Associated Health Effects: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1131. [PMID: 36551098 PMCID: PMC9775571 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in sensor technology have facilitated the development and use of personalized sensors in monitoring environmental factors and the associated health effects. No studies have reviewed the research advancement in examining population-based health responses to environmental exposure via portable sensors/instruments. This study aims to review studies that use portable sensors to measure environmental factors and health responses while exploring the environmental effects on health. With a thorough literature review using two major English databases (Web of Science and PubMed), 24 eligible studies were included and analyzed out of 16,751 total records. The 24 studies include 5 on physical factors, 19 on chemical factors, and none on biological factors. The results show that particles were the most considered environmental factor among all of the physical, chemical, and biological factors, followed by total volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide. Heart rate and heart rate variability were the most considered health indicators among all cardiopulmonary outcomes, followed by respiratory function. The studies mostly had a sample size of fewer than 100 participants and a study period of less than a week due to the challenges in accessing low-cost, small, and light wearable sensors. This review guides future sensor-based environmental health studies on project design and sensor selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueer Lin
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jiaying Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Minyan Liao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yalan Su
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Mo Lv
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Shenglan Xiao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jianbang Xiang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
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Jin H, Zhong R, Liu M, Ye C, Chen X. Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of PM2.5 concentration in China from 2000 to 2018 and its impact on population. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116273. [PMID: 36261986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 is an important indicator reflecting changes in air quality. In recent years, affected by climate change and human activities, the problem of environmental pollution has become more and more prominent. In this study, the PM2.5 data from 2000 to 2018 obtained by satellite remote sensing inversion algorithm were selected to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of PM2.5 in China. The results show that the areas with higher PM2.5 concentrations were mainly in the North China, the Sichuan Basin, and the Tarim Basin. The areas with a significant increase in PM2.5 were mainly in the Northeast China, while the areas with a significant decrease were mainly in the Sichuan Basin and southeastern Gansu. The change of PM2.5 in southern China was not significantly correlated with the change of population and economy, while PM2.5 in Northeast China increases with the increase of population and economy. In 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015, the proportion of the population polluted by PM2.5 was 8.65%, 7.2%, 22.99%, and 9.75%, respectively. The year with the highest percentage (37.63%) of population when air quality reached EXCELLENT was 2015. When the PM2.5 spatial cluster number was six, it can better reflect the PM2.5 spatial distribution state. The places with large changes in PM2.5 spatial clustering were mainly in the Northeast China, Sichuan Basin, and Tarim Basin, which were also areas with large changes in PM2.5. This study provides an important reference for atmospheric environmental monitoring and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Jin
- School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Water Security Regulation and Control for Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security in Southern China of Guangdong High Education Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ruida Zhong
- School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Water Security Regulation and Control for Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security in Southern China of Guangdong High Education Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Moyang Liu
- The Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Changxin Ye
- School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Water Security Regulation and Control for Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security in Southern China of Guangdong High Education Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Water Security Regulation and Control for Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security in Southern China of Guangdong High Education Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Mo J, Cao B, Liu N, Sun Z, Xu Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Y. 建筑空气环境人因工程学:问题、思考与初探. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Xiang J, Hao J, Austin E, Shirai J, Seto E. Characterization of cooking-related ultrafine particles in a US residence and impacts of various intervention strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149236. [PMID: 34340070 PMCID: PMC8484057 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Interventions that improve air exchange or filter the air have the potential to reduce particle exposures from residential cooking. In this study, we evaluated the effect of using a range hood, opening kitchen windows, and using portable air cleaners (PACs) in various home locations on the concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFPs) at different times and in different rooms during and after cooking. All experiments were conducted using a standardized cooking protocol in a real-world naturally-ventilated apartment located in the northwest United States. Real-time UFP measurements collected from the kitchen, living room, and bedroom locations were used to estimate parameters of a dynamic model, which included time-varying particle emission rates from cooking and particle decay. We found that 1-min mean UFP number concentrations in the kitchen and living room mostly peaked within 0-10 min after cooking ended at levels of 150,000-500,000 particles/cm3. In contrast, the bedroom UFP concentrations were consistently low except for the window-open scenario. While varying considerably with time, the 1-min UFP emission rates were comparable during and within 5-min after cooking, with means (standard deviations) of 0.8 (1.1) × 1012 and 1.1 (1.2) × 1012 particles/min, respectively. Compared with the no-intervention scenario, keeping the kitchen windows open and using a kitchen range hood reduced the mean indoor average UFP concentrations during and 1 h after cooking by ~70% and ~35%, respectively. Along with the range hood on, utilizing a PAC in the kitchen during and after cooking further reduced the mean indoor average UFP levels during and 1 h after cooking by an additional 53%. In contrast, placing the PAC in the living room or bedroom resulted in worse efficacy, with additional 2-13% reductions. These findings provide useful information on how to reduce cooking-related UFP exposure via readily accessible intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbang Xiang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
| | - Jiayuan Hao
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Elena Austin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Jeff Shirai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Edmund Seto
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
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Xiang J, Hao J, Austin E, Shirai J, Seto E. Residential cooking-related PM 2.5: Spatial-temporal variations under various intervention scenarios. BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2021; 201:108002. [PMID: 34177073 PMCID: PMC8224830 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Some cooking events can generate high levels of hazardous PM2.5. This study assesses the dispersion of cooking-related PM2.5 throughout a naturally-ventilated apartment in the US, examines the dynamic process of cooking-related emissions, and demonstrates the impact of different indoor PM2.5 mitigating strategies. We conducted experiments with a standardized pan-frying cooking procedure under seven scenarios, involving opening kitchen windows, using a range hood, and utilizing a portable air cleaner (PAC) in various indoor locations. Real-time PM2.5 concentrations were measured in the open kitchen, living room, bedroom (door closed), and outdoor environments. Decay-related parameters were estimated, and time-resolved PM2.5 emission rates for each experiment were determined using a dynamic model. Results show that the 1-min mean PM2.5 concentrations in the kitchen and living room peaked 1-7 min after cooking at levels of 200-1400 μg/m3, which were more than 9 times higher than the peak bedroom levels. Mean (standard deviation) kt for the kitchen, ranging from 0.58 (0.02) to 6.62 (0.34) h-1, was generally comparable to that of the living room (relative difference < 20%), but was 1-5 times larger than that of the bedroom. The range of PM2.5 full-decay time was between 1-10 h for the kitchen and living room, and from 0 to > 6 h for the bedroom. The PM2.5 emission rates during and 5 min after cooking were 2.3 (3.4) and 5.1 (3.9) mg/min, respectively. Intervention strategies, including opening kitchen windows and using PACs either in the kitchen or living room, can substantially reduce indoor PM2.5 levels and the related full-decay time. For scenarios involving a PAC, placing it in the kitchen (closer to the source) resulted in better efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbang Xiang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
| | - Jiayuan Hao
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, United States
| | - Elena Austin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
| | - Jeff Shirai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
| | - Edmund Seto
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
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Xiang J, Huang CH, Shirai J, Liu Y, Carmona N, Zuidema C, Austin E, Gould T, Larson T, Seto E. Field measurements of PM 2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145642. [PMID: 33592483 PMCID: PMC8026580 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires have frequently occurred in the western United States (US) during the summer and fall seasons in recent years. This study measures the PM2.5 infiltration factor in seven residences recruited from five dense communities in Seattle, Washington, during a 2020 wildfire episode and evaluates the impacts of HEPA-based portable air cleaner (PAC) use on reducing indoor PM2.5 levels. All residences with windows closed went through an 18-to-24-h no filtration session, with five of seven following that period with an 18-to-24-h filtration session. Auto-mode PACs, which automatically adjust the fan speed based on the surrounding PM2.5 levels, were used for the filtration session. 10-s resolved indoor PM2.5 levels were measured in each residence's living room, while hourly outdoor levels were collected from the nearest governmental air quality monitoring station to each residence. Additionally, a time-activity diary in minute resolution was collected from each household. With the impacts of indoor sources excluded, indoor PM2.5 mass balance models were developed to estimate the PM2.5 indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios, PAC effectiveness, and decay-related parameters. Among the seven residences, the mean infiltration factor ranged from 0.33 (standard deviation [SD]: 0.06) to 0.76 (SD: 0.05). The use of auto-mode PAC led to a 48%-78% decrease of indoor PM2.5 levels after adjusting for outdoor PM2.5 levels and indoor sources. The mean (SD) air exchange rates ranged from 0.30 (0.13) h-1 to 1.41 (3.18) h-1 while the PM2.5 deposition rate ranged from 0.10 (0.54) h-1 to 0.49 (0.47) h-1. These findings suggest that staying indoors, a common protective measure during wildfire episodes, is insufficient to prevent people's excess exposure to wildfire smoke, and provides quantitative evidence to support the utilization of auto-mode PACs during wildfire events in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbang Xiang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
| | - Ching-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Jeff Shirai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Yisi Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Nancy Carmona
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Christopher Zuidema
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Elena Austin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Timothy Gould
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Timothy Larson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Edmund Seto
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
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Xiang J, Huang CH, Austin E, Shirai J, Liu Y, Seto E. Energy consumption of using HEPA-based portable air cleaner in residences: A monitoring study in Seattle, US. ENERGY AND BUILDINGS 2021; 236:110773. [PMID: 33642668 PMCID: PMC7904108 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.110773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Portable air cleaners (PACs), offering both auto and manual (adjustable) operation modes, are commonly used in residences. Compared with adjustable mode, auto mode's advantage of reducing indoor PM2.5 has been previously demonstrated. This study examines the energy consumption of such PACs in six residences recruited in Seattle, United States, and compares the power consumption between auto and adjustable modes. Each residence went through a one-week-long PAC filtration session under auto and adjustable modes, respectively. PAC power consumption, indoor PM2.5, temperature, and relative humidity (RH) were measured at 10-second intervals in each residence. A linear mixed-effects regression (LMER) model was used to compare the PAC power consumption between the two modes after adjusting for indoor PM2.5, temperature, and RH. Results show that the mean (standard deviation) PAC power consumption under adjustable and auto modes were 7.0 (3.5) and 6.8 (2.6) W, respectively. The average monthly energy consumption of continuous PAC operation was estimated to be ~5 kWh for both modes. Based on the LEMR model, PAC power consumption under auto mode was approximately 3% larger than that under adjustable mode, after adjusting for living-room PM2.5, temperature, and RH levels. The implications for PAC operation mode selection in residential environments were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbang Xiang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Ching-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Elena Austin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Jeff Shirai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Yisi Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Edmund Seto
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
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