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Horty LG, Martin T. Synthesis of Radiolabeled [ 14C]Rimsulfuron and Stable Isotope Labeled Rimsulfuron-[M + 3] to Support Crop Metabolism Studies for Reregistration. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2024; 67:263-272. [PMID: 38711257 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Rimsulfuron is a sulfonylurea herbicide that controls grass and broadleaf weeds in maize, potatoes, fruits, nuts, and other crops. It can also be used as a burndown herbicide to clear invasive weed species along roadsides and other nonagricultural land. Rimsulfuron acts as an acetolactase synthase (ALS) inhibitor, blocking the synthesis of essential amino acids required for plant growth. As is common practice, rimsulfuron has been subject to periodic reviews by regulatory agencies for reregistration since its introduction into the market in the early 1990s. The goal of these reviews is to ensure that the herbicide carries out its intended use without creating adverse side effects to humans and the environment. Since scientific methods are continually evolving and being developed, global regulatory agencies can require additional studies to address data gaps for pesticide renewals. During this reregistration process for rimsulfuron, a new confined rotational crop study was required to address a data gap requested by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Consequently, the corresponding pyridine and pyrimidine radiolabeled [14C]rimsulfuron and [M + 3] stable isotopes of rimsulfuron were synthesized for this study to support the reregistration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey G Horty
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Discovery Process Sciences, Regulatory Chemistry Group, Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Timothy Martin
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Discovery Process Sciences, Regulatory Chemistry Group, Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Zhang JJ, Niu Y, Ma C, Zhao T, Wang H, Yan Z, Zhou L, Liu X, Piao F, Du N. Accumulation and metabolism of pyroxasulfone in tomato seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114765. [PMID: 36907092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pyroxasulfone (PYS) is an isoxazole herbicide favored for its high activity. However, the metabolic mechanism of PYS in tomato plants and the response mechanism of tomato to PYS are still lacking. In this study, it was found that tomato seedlings had a strong ability to absorb and translocate PYS from roots to shoots. The highest accumulation of PYS was in the apex tissue of the tomato shoots. Using UPLC-MS/MS, five metabolites of PYS were detected and identified in tomato plants, and their relative contents in different parts of tomato plants varied greatly. The serine conjugate, DMIT [5, 5-dimethyl-4, 5-dihydroisoxazole-3-thiol (DMIT)] &Ser, was the most abundant metabolites of PYS in tomato plants. In tomato plants, the conjugation of thiol-containing metabolic intermediates of PYS to serine may mimic the cystathionine β-synthase-catalyzed condensation of serine and homocysteine (in the pathway sly00260 sourced from KEGG database). This study ground breakingly proposed that serine may play an important role in plant metabolism of PYS and fluensulfone (whose molecular structure is similar to PYS). PYS and atrazine (whose toxicity profile is similar to PYS but not conjugate with serine) produced different regulatory outcomes for endogenous compounds in the pathway sly00260. Differential metabolites in tomato leaves exposed to PYS compared with the control, including amino acids, phosphates, and flavonoids, may play important roles in tomato response to PYS stress. This study provides inspiration for the biotransformation of sulfonyl-containing pesticides, antibiotics and other compounds in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Creation and Application of New Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yujia Niu
- Henan Key Laboratory for Creation and Application of New Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Cong Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory for Creation and Application of New Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; PLA Army Service Academy Training Base, Chongqing, 400041, China
| | - Te Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory for Creation and Application of New Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Creation and Application of New Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zishuo Yan
- Henan Key Laboratory for Creation and Application of New Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Henan Key Laboratory for Creation and Application of New Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory for Creation and Application of New Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fengzhi Piao
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Nanshan Du
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Di S, Liu R, Liu Z, Xu H, Zhao H, Lu Y, Qi P, Wang Z, Wang X. Comprehensive evaluation of chiral penflufen metabolite (penflufen-3-hydroxy-butyl): Identification, synthesis, enantioseparation, toxicity and enantioselective metabolism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 251:114549. [PMID: 36669279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Identification and evaluations of pesticide metabolites are necessary for risk assessment and toxicological research. In this study, the metabolites of penflufen (a widely used chiral pesticide) in rat liver microsomes were identified using liquid chromatography Q-Exactive Plus mass spectrometry. In total, 17 penflufen metabolites were identified, and most of them were hydroxylation products, which were generated by oxygenation at different candidate sites of penflufen. The relative abundance of metabolite M12 (penflufen-3-hydroxy-butyl, 32 %) was the largest, followed by M8 (15.6 %) and M2 (12.8 %). The major metabolite penflufen-3-hydroxy-butyl was first synthesized by 11 reactions with a 99.73 % purity. The absolute configuration of M12 enantiomers were confirmed after preparing enantiomers, and establishing the enantioseparation method. The M12 enantiomers toxicity to Danio rerio (LC50, >10 mg/L) and four kinds of phytopathogens (EC50, 148-34969 mg/L) were significantly lower than parents (LC50, 0.449-24.3 mg/L; EC50, 0.027-92.0 mg/L). In rat liver microsomes, approximately 40-47 % of the penflufen enantiomers were metabolized to M12 enantiomers, and R-penflufen was preferentially metabolized. The generation concentrations of S-M12 were higher than R-M12 after 10 min, and the metabolic half-lives of R-M12 (29.0-32.5 min) were shorter than S-M12 (35.2-38.1 min), and were approximately 4 times longer than parent penflufen enantiomers (4.5-9.5 min). Simultaneously, the generated contents (relative contents) of M8 (27.1-57 %) and M10 (2.22-8.36 %) from S-penflufen were lower than those from R-penflufen (M8, 24.7-92.4 %; M10, 27.4-69.5 %). The enantioselective evaluations of M12, M10 and M8 deserve further study. These findings were helpful in understanding the fate and risks of chiral penflufen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Di
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Ruiquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Huiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Yuele Lu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering and College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Peipei Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
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Pszczolińska K, Perkons I, Bartkevics V, Drzewiecki S, Płonka J, Shakeel N, Barchanska H. Targeted and non-targeted analysis for the investigation of pesticides influence on wheat cultivated under field conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120468. [PMID: 36283473 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive approach was applied to evaluate the effects of pesticides on the metabolism of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). The application of commercially available pesticide formulations under field cultivation conditions provided a source of metabolic data unlimited by model conditions, representing a novel approach to study the effects of pesticides on edible plants. Gas and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry were employed for targeted and non-targeted analysis of wheat roots and shoots sampled six times during the six-week experiment. The applied pesticides: prothioconazole, tebuconazole, fluoxastrobin, diflufenican, florasulam, and penoxulam were found at concentrations ranging 0.0070-25.20 mg/kg and 0.0020-2.2 mg/kg in the wheat roots and shoots, respectively. The following pesticide metabolites were identified in shoots: prothioconazole-desthio (prothioconazole metabolite), 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentane-1,3-diol (tebuconazole metabolite), and N-(5,8-dimethoxy[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2,4-dihydroxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzene sulphonamide (penoxulam metabolite). The metabolic fingerprints and profiles changed during the experiment, reflecting the cumulative response of wheat to both its growth environment and pesticides, as well as their metabolites. Approximately 15 days after the herbicide treatment no further changes in the plant metabolic profiles were observed, despite the presence of pesticide and their metabolites in both roots and shoots. This is the first study to combine the determination of pesticides and their metabolites plant tissues with the evaluation of plant metabolic responses under field conditions. This exhaustive approach contributes to broadening the knowledge of pesticide effects on edible plants, relevant to food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Pszczolińska
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute Branch Sośnicowice, 44-153, Sośnicowice, Gliwicka 29, Poland.
| | - Ingus Perkons
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes Street 3, Riga LV, 1076, Latvia.
| | - Vadims Bartkevics
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes Street 3, Riga LV, 1076, Latvia.
| | - Sławomir Drzewiecki
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute Branch Sośnicowice, 44-153, Sośnicowice, Gliwicka 29, Poland.
| | - Joanna Płonka
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Nasir Shakeel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Hanna Barchanska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
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5
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Nie E, Chen Y, Zhou X, Xu L, Zhang S, Li QX, Ye Q, Wang H. Uptake and metabolism of 14C-triclosan in celery under hydroponic system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157377. [PMID: 35843335 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As triclosan is used extensively as an antimicrobial agent, it inevitably enters agroecosystems, when sewage and treated wastewater are applied to agricultural fields. As a result, triclosan can be accumulated into crops and vegetables. Currently, limited information is available on the metabolism of triclosan in vegetables. In this study, the fate of 14C-triclosan in celery under a hydroponic system was investigated in a 30-day laboratory test. Most (97.7 %) of the 14C-triclosan accumulated in celery. The bioconcentration factors of triclosan were up to 3140 L kg-1 at day 30. The concentration of 14C-triclosan in roots (17.8 mg kg-1) was 57- and 127-fold higher than that in stems (0.31 mg kg-1) and leaves (0.14 mg kg-1), respectively, at day 30, suggesting a higher accumulation of triclosan in celery roots and negligible transport to stems and leaves. Moreover, triclosan, as well as its eight metabolites, was detected and identified in celery tissues and the growth medium using 14C-labelling and LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis methods. Phase I metabolites in the growth medium were from hydroxylation, dechlorination, nitration, and nitrosylation. Phase II metabolism was the major pathway in celery tissues. Monosaccharide, disaccharide, and sulfate conjugates of triclosan were putatively identified. The results represent an important step toward a better evaluation of the behavior of triclosan in vegetables, with notable implications for environmental and human risk assessments of triclosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enguang Nie
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sufen Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Qingfu Ye
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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6
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Li R, Wang S, Chang J, Pan X, Dong F, Li Z, Zheng Y, Li Y. Insight into the uptake and metabolism of a new insecticide cyetpyrafen in plants. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107522. [PMID: 36137426 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As new agrochemicals are continuously introduced into agricultural systems, it is essential to investigate their uptake and metabolism by plants to better evaluate their fate and accumulation in crops and the subsequent risks to human exposure. In this study, the uptake and elimination kinetics and transformation of a novel insecticide, cyetpyrafen, in two model crops (lettuce and rice) were first evaluated by hydroponic experiments. Cyetpyrafen was rapidly taken up by plant roots and reached a steady state within 24 h, and it was preferentially accumulated in root parts with root concentration factors up to 2670 mL/g. An uptake mechanism study suggested that root uptake of cyetpyrafen was likely to be dominated by passive diffusion and was difficult to transport via xylem and phloem. Ten phase I and three phase II metabolites of cyetpyrafen were tentatively identified in the hydroponic-plant system through a nontarget screening strategy. The structures of two main metabolites (M-309 and M-391) were confirmed by synthesized standards. The metabolic pathways were proposed including hydroxylation, hydrolysis, dehydrogenation, dehydration and conjugation, which were assumed to be regulated by cytochrome P450, carboxylesterase, glycosyltransferase, glutathione S-transferases and peroxidase. Cyetpyrafen and its main metabolites (M-409, M-309 and M-391) were estimated to be harmful/toxic toward nontarget organisms by theoretical calculation. The high bioaccumulation and extensive transformation of cyetpyrafen highlighted the necessity for systematically assessing the crop uptake and metabolism of new agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Sijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jinhe Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xinglu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co, Ltd, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yuanbo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Zhong J, Shen D, Li H, He Y, Bao Q, Wang W, Ye Q, Gan J. Fate of chlorpyrifos bound residues in paddy soils: Release, transformation, and phytoavailability. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 166:107338. [PMID: 35716507 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used organophosphorus insecticide that tends to form bound residues (BRs) in soils. However, the stability and biological activity of CPF-BRs remain to be explored. Facilitated by carbon-14 tracing, this study obtained CPF-BRs initially formed in two typical paddy soils (14C-CPF-BRin), and further investigated their release, transformation and phytoavailability using duckweed (Lemna minor) as a model aquatic organism. Most 14C-CPF-BRin in soils were composed of the parent CPF and its metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (2-OH-TCP), which was mainly formed through reversible entrapment by soil fulvic acids and humin (>80%). At 36 d, 66.67-80.90% of the 14C-CPF-BRin was released, of which only 2-OH-TCP could be released into the water and absorbed by the duckweed, with bioconcentration factors ranging from 247.99 to 324.68 L kg-1. The subsequent metabolism of released 14C-CPF-BRin in duckweed included phase I metabolism from 2-OH-TCP to 4-OH-TCP and phase II metabolism of conjugation of TCP with plant endogenous amino acids. The study suggested that CPF bound residues have high bioavailability in paddy field environments. Given that many pesticides and non-pesticide chemicals share structures analogous to CPF, the findings have important implications for better understanding the environmental and human health risks of man-made chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Zhong
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dahang Shen
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan He
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Bao
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qingfu Ye
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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8
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Zhang Z, Xie Y, Ye Y, Yang Y, Hua R, Wu X. Toxification metabolism and treatment strategy of the chiral triazole fungicide prothioconazole in water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 432:128650. [PMID: 35290892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toxification metabolism of the chiral triazole fungicide prothioconazole in the environment has attracted an increasing amount of attention. To better understand the fate of prothioconazole in aquatic ecosystems and develop a treatment strategy, the stereoselective toxicity, degradation and bioconcentration of prothioconazole were investigated in water with algae at the enantiomer level. There was remarkable enantioselectivity against Chlorella pyrenoidosa, and the highly toxic S-prothioconazole was preferentially degraded with enantiomer fraction values ranging from 0.5 to 0.74. Metabolism experiment results showed that the parent compound was quickly eliminated driven by biodegradation and abiotic degradation (hydrolysis, photolysis). Fourteen phase I and two phase II metabolites involved in the reactions of hydroxylation, methylation, dechlorinating, desulfuration, dehydration and conjugation were identified, where prothioconazole-desthio was the major metabolite. The highly toxic metabolite prothioconazole-desthio persisted in water and hardly degraded with or without C. pyrenoidosa. Furthermore, the reaction system including 1 mg of cobalt coated in nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes and 0.156 g of peroxymonosulfate was used to eliminate prothioconazole-desthio. Approximately 96% prothioconazole-desthio was eliminated and transformed to low toxicity metabolites. This work provides a strategy for the risk evaluation of prothioconazole in aquatic ecosystems and proposes a workable plan for the elimination of pesticide residues in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yiwen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yingzi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yaling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Rimao Hua
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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9
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Zhong Q, Qi J, Liu J, Wang J, Lin K, Ouyang Q, Zhang X, Wei X, Xiao T, El-Naggar A, Rinklebe J. Thallium isotopic compositions as tracers in environmental studies: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 162:107148. [PMID: 35219934 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thallium is a highly poisonous heavy metal. Since Tl pollution control has been neglected worldwide until the present, countless Tl pollutants have been discharged into the environment, endangering the safety of drinking water, farmland soil, and food chain, and eventually posing a great threat to human health. However, the source, occurrence, pathway and fate of Tl in the environment remains understudied. As Tl in non-contaminated systems and from anthropogenic origin exhibits generally different isotopic signatures, which can provide fingerprint information and a novel way for tracing the anthropogenic Tl sources and understanding the environmental processes. This review summarizes: (i) the state-of-the-art development in highly-precise determination analytical method of Tl isotopic compositions, (ii) Tl isotopic fractionation induced by the low-temperature surface biogeochemical process, (iii) Tl isotopic signature of pollutants derived from anthropogenic activities and isotopic fractionation mechanism of Tl related to the high-temperature industrial activities, and (iv) application of Tl isotopic composition as a new tracer emerging tracer for source apportionment of Tl pollution. Finally, the limitations and possible future research about Tl isotopic application in environmental contamination is also proposed: (1) Tl fractionation mechanism in different environmental geochemistry processes and industrial activities should be further probed comprehensively; (2) Tl isotopes for source apportionment should be further applied in other different high Tl-contaminated scenarios (e.g., agricultural systems, water/sediment, and atmosphere).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianying Qi
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Lin
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Qi'en Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tangfu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Ali El-Naggar
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada; Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt, Department of Soil Sciences Faculty of Agriculture
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
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