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de Alencar AS, da F Lira C, Rosado BHP, de F Mansano V. Twenty-five years of Open-Top Chambers in tropical environments: where, how, and what are we looking at regarding flora response to climate change? PLANTA 2024; 259:82. [PMID: 38438633 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Open-Top Chambers should be more used in tropical ecosystems to study climate change effects in plants as they are still insufficient to extract plant response patterns in these ecosystems. Understanding flora response to climate change (CC) is critical for predicting future ecosystem dynamics. Open-Top Chambers (OTCs) have been widely used to study the effects of CC on plants and are very popular in temperate ecosystems but are still underused in tropical regions. In this systematic review, we aimed to discuss the use of OTCs in the study of the effects of different agents of climate change on tropical flora by presenting scientometric data, discussing the technical aspects of its use and enumerating some observations on plant response patterns to climatic alterations in the tropics. Our analysis indicated that the bottleneck in choosing an OTC shape is not strictly related to its purpose or the type of parameter modulated; instead, passive or active approaches seem to be a more sensitive point. The common critical point in using this technique in warmer regions is overheating and decoupling, but it can be overcome with simple adaptations and extra features. The most frequently parameter modulated was CO2, followed by O3 and temperature. The plant families with more representatives in the studies analyzed were Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, and Poaceae, and the most represented biome was tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests. In conclusion, OTCs are a valuable and feasible tool to study CC effects on various tropical ecosystems, regardless of structure, active/passive approach, or other technical features. One of the primary advantages of this methodology is its applicability for in situ use, eliminating the need for plant transplantation. We encourage studies using OTC experimental design for plant conservation in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S de Alencar
- Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil.
| | - Catarina da F Lira
- Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique P Rosado
- Department of Ecology, IBRAG, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Vidal de F Mansano
- Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil
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2
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Influence of the Canopy Drip Effect on the Accumulation of Atmospheric Metal and Nitrogen Deposition in Mosses. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Wet, dry, and occult atmospheric deposition may be modified by vegetation canopies. The aim of this study was to verify canopy drip effect studies conducted in 2012, in 2013, and in 2015/2016. For this purpose, 26 moss samples were taken at each of eight monitoring sites of the European Moss Survey 2020/2021 in Germany from a corresponding number of subplots, each representing the site categories “under tree canopy” and adjacent “open land”. The sampling, as well as the chemical analyses, of 12 metals (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, Ni, Sb, V, Zn) and nitrogen (N) and the recording of sample- and site-describing metadata were conducted according to the ICP Vegetation experimental protocol. The results demonstrate an overall higher metal and nitrogen accumulation in moss samples of “canopy” sites compared to neighboring “open land sites” (grassland, heath). The ratios between the “canopy” and “open land” sites of 1.18 to 1.69 and significant correlations of r > 0.8 in case of five elements agree well with corresponding values from samplings in 2012, 2013, and 2015/2016. These results should be used for modeling atmospheric deposition aiming at more realistic results. With regard to the question of whether, and to what extent, moss samples should preferably be taken from “open land” or “canopy” sites, the following can be concluded: The recommendations of ICP Vegetation with regard to the minimum distance to be maintained from trees and shrubs should not be interpreted to mean that “open” sites are fundamentally more suitable for moss sampling in Germany than, for example, clearings in forests. The mostly higher variability of the measured values compared to the “canopy” sites rather suggests that in the open country a much higher number of influencing factors could be significant for the element accumulation in mosses in addition to the background pollution through atmospheric deposition. This is also supported by the fact that the metal contents in the moss samples of the “open” sites can clearly exceed those of the neighboring “canopy” sites in individual cases. With regard to “open” land, grassland sites seem to be less suitable for moss sampling than bog and heathland sites. In grassland, moss occurrences are often sparser and/or cut short by meadow mowing, so that the removal of three-year shoots on grassland, as recommended by ICP Vegetation, must be replaced in places by one-year shoots. The comparatively higher state dynamics of grassland sites also make the resampling of moss at previously sampled sites more difficult.
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Stafilov T, Špirić Z, Glad M, Barandovski L, Bačeva Andonovska K, Šajn R, Antonić O. Study of nitrogen pollution in the Republic of North Macedonia by moss biomonitoring and Kjeldahl method. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2020; 55:759-764. [PMID: 32163013 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1738825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the summer of 2005 and 2010, moss samples were collected from 72 sampling sites evenly distributed all over the territory of Republic of North Macedonia. Kjeldahl method was used to determine the nitrogen content in the samples. Descriptive statistics and distribution maps were prepared. Data obtained from these two surveys were compared, and additional comparison was done with data obtained from similar studies in the South-Eastern European countries and Finland as a clean area. The median value of N content in the samples collected in 2005 is 1.21%, varies from 0.70% to 1.54%, while the content of N in samples collected in 2010 ranges between 0.68% and 1.75% with the median value of 1.06%. High contents of N were found in the Northern and Central parts of the country mainly as a result of agricultural activities, industry and traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trajče Stafilov
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | - Marin Glad
- Teaching Institute of Public Health - Primorsko-Goranska County, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lambe Barandovski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Katerina Bačeva Andonovska
- Research Center for Environment and Materials, Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republic of North Macedonia - MANU, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Robert Šajn
- Geological Survey of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Nickel S, Schröder W, Schmalfuss R, Saathoff M, Harmens H, Mills G, Frontasyeva MV, Barandovski L, Blum O, Carballeira A, de Temmerman L, Dunaev AM, Ene A, Fagerli H, Godzik B, Ilyin I, Jonkers S, Jeran Z, Lazo P, Leblond S, Liiv S, Mankovska B, Núñez-Olivera E, Piispanen J, Poikolainen J, Popescu IV, Qarri F, Santamaria JM, Schaap M, Skudnik M, Špirić Z, Stafilov T, Steinnes E, Stihi C, Suchara I, Uggerud HT, Zechmeister HG. Modelling spatial patterns of correlations between concentrations of heavy metals in mosses and atmospheric deposition in 2010 across Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2018; 30:53. [PMID: 30613461 PMCID: PMC6302881 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-018-0183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper aims to investigate the correlations between the concentrations of nine heavy metals in moss and atmospheric deposition within ecological land classes covering Europe. Additionally, it is examined to what extent the statistical relations are affected by the land use around the moss sampling sites. Based on moss data collected in 2010/2011 throughout Europe and data on total atmospheric deposition modelled by two chemical transport models (EMEP MSC-E, LOTOS-EUROS), correlation coefficients between concentrations of heavy metals in moss and in modelled atmospheric deposition were specified for spatial subsamples defined by ecological land classes of Europe (ELCE) as a spatial reference system. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and logistic regression (LR) were then used to separate moss sampling sites regarding their contribution to the strength of correlation considering the areal percentage of urban, agricultural and forestry land use around the sampling location. After verification LDA models by LR, LDA models were used to transform spatial information on the land use to maps of potential correlation levels, applicable for future network planning in the European Moss Survey. RESULTS Correlations between concentrations of heavy metals in moss and in modelled atmospheric deposition were found to be specific for elements and ELCE units. Land use around the sampling sites mainly influences the correlation level. Small radiuses around the sampling sites examined (5 km) are more relevant for Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn, while the areal percentage of urban and agricultural land use within large radiuses (75-100 km) is more relevant for As, Cr, Hg, Pb, and V. Most valid LDA models pattern with error rates of < 40% were found for As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and V. Land use-dependent predictions of spatial patterns split up Europe into investigation areas revealing potentially high (= above-average) or low (= below-average) correlation coefficients. CONCLUSIONS LDA is an eligible method identifying and ranking boundary conditions of correlations between atmospheric deposition and respective concentrations of heavy metals in moss and related mapping considering the influence of the land use around moss sampling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nickel
- Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | | | - Roman Schmalfuss
- Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | - Maike Saathoff
- Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | - Harry Harmens
- ICP Vegetation Programme Coordination Centre, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW UK
| | - Gina Mills
- ICP Vegetation Programme Coordination Centre, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW UK
| | - Marina V. Frontasyeva
- Moss Survey Coordination Centre, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Dubna, Moscow Region Russian Federation
| | | | - Oleg Blum
- National Botanical Garden, Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Anatoly M. Dunaev
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Antoaneta Ene
- Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galati, Romania
| | | | - Barbara Godzik
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ilia Ilyin
- Meteorological Synthesizing Centre East, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Siiri Liiv
- Tallinn Botanic Garden, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Blanka Mankovska
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Juha Piispanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eiliv Steinnes
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claudia Stihi
- Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania
| | - Ivan Suchara
- Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic
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Zhu RG, Xiao HY, Zhang Z, Lai Y. Compound-specific δ 15N composition of free amino acids in moss as indicators of atmospheric nitrogen sources. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14347. [PMID: 30254224 PMCID: PMC6156404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32531-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Haplocladium microphyllum moss samples were collected in Nanchang, China. Free amino acid (FAA) concentrations and N isotope compositions (δ15NFAA) in the samples were determined and compared with the bulk N concentrations and δ15Nbulk values. The aim was to determine whether δ15NFAA values in moss (which are very variable) indicate the sources of atmospheric N. The δ15NFAA values among individual FAA varied widely (from -19.3‰ to +16.1‰), possibly because of the different sources of N and isotope fractionation in amino acids metabolic pathways. Total 15N-enrichment for the individual FAAs was equal to total 15N-depletion relative to δ15Nbulk. The concentration-weighted mean δ15N value for total FAAs (TFAA) (δ15NTFAA) was -3.1‰ ± 3.2‰, which was similar to δ15Nbulk (-4.0‰ ± 2.9‰). We concluded that a N isotope balance occurred during amino acid metabolism and that little isotope disparity occurred between the concentration-weighted TFAA and bulk N. We concluded that δ15NTFAA ≈ δ15Nbulk ≈ δ15Nsource. The mean δ15Nalanine (-4.1‰), δ15Nglutamate (-4.2‰), and δ15Nlysine (-4.0‰) were similar to the mean δ15Nbulk, which we attributed to little isotope fractionation occurring during their in situ the metabolic pathways. This suggests that δ15Nalanine, δ15Nglutamate, and δ15Nlysine in moss can be used to indicate the sources of atmospheric N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Guo Zhu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
- College of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Hua-Yun Xiao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China.
- College of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
- College of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lai
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
- College of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
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6
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Díaz-Álvarez EA, de la Barrera E. Characterization of nitrogen deposition in a megalopolis by means of atmospheric biomonitors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13569. [PMID: 30206292 PMCID: PMC6134112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32000-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase of nitrogen deposition resulting from human activities is not only a major threat for global biodiversity, but also for human health, especially in highly populated regions. It is thus important and in some instances legally mandated to monitor reactive nitrogen species in the atmosphere. The utilization of widely distributed biological species suitable for biomonitoring may be a good alternative. We assessed the suitability of an ensemble of atmospheric biomonitors of nitrogen deposition by means of an extensive sampling of a lichen, two mosses, and a bromeliad throughout the Valley of Mexico, whose population reaches 30 million, and subsequent measurements of nitrogen metabolism parameters. In all cases we found significant responses of nitrogen content, C:N ratio and the δ15N to season and site. In turn, the δ15N for the mosses responded linearly to the wet deposition. Also, the nitrogen content (R2 = 0.7), the C:N ratio (R2 = 0.6), and δ15N (R2 = 0.5) for the bromeliad had a linear response to NOx. However, the bromeliad was not found in sites with NOx concentrations exceeding 80 ppb, apparently of as a consequence of excess nitrogen. These biomonitors can be utilized in tandem to determine the status of atmospheric nitrogenous pollution in regions without monitoring networks for avoiding health problems for ecosystems and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison A Díaz-Álvarez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, 58190, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Erick de la Barrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, 58190, Michoacán, Mexico.
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7
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Schröder W, Nickel S. Site-specific investigation and spatial modeling of canopy drip effect on element concentrations in moss. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:27173-27186. [PMID: 30027373 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2763-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the canopy drip effect on the exposure of forests to atmospheric deposition of potentially toxic metals and nitrogen (N) and element accumulation was investigated. Thereby, the respective element concentrations of metals and N in moss specimens were investigated by example of North-Western Germany. To this end, on the one hand, the concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, Ni, Sb, V, Zn, and N in mosses sampled under, outside, and at the edge of forest canopies were examined for statistical significant differences. On the other hand, vegetation structures parameterizing the canopy drip effect were quantified by use of information collected, in addition to the element data, at each moss sampling site. The statistical relations between ratios of vegetation parameters and ratios of element concentrations were modeled by regression analysis, and the respective element concentration in moss was geostatistically estimated and mapped for unsampled locations throughout Germany. This article tackles regression models with R2 > 0.5 (Cu, Hg, Pb, Sb, and N) to adapt the element concentrations measured at the 400 sites of the European Moss Survey (EMS) to three different features of hypothetical vegetation structures. To this end, the continuum of vegetation structures were represented as follows: open land (meadows) described by a leaf area index (LAI) value of 2.96 and under canopy sites in coniferous forests represented by a LAI value of 11. The arithmetic mean of LAI values at 400 EMS sites throughout Germany amounts to 5.1. The element concentrations for these target LAIs representing three site categories were calculated and mapped. Then, these LAI-dependent element concentration maps were compared with the maps depicting the spatial patterns of "pure" element concentrations. Spatial differences were evaluated and supposed to be of great value for the validation of atmospheric deposition modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Nickel
- University of Vechta, P.O.B. 1553, 49364, Vechta, Germany.
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8
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Dong YP, Liu XY, Sun XC, Song W, Zheng XD, Li R, Liu CQ. Inter-species and intra-annual variations of moss nitrogen utilization: Implications for nitrogen deposition assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:506-515. [PMID: 28692942 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Moss nitrogen (N) concentrations and natural 15N abundance (δ15N values) have been widely employed to evaluate annual levels and major sources of atmospheric N deposition. However, different moss species and one-off sampling were often used among extant studies, it remains unclear whether moss N parameters differ with species and different samplings, which prevented more accurate assessment of N deposition via moss survey. Here concentrations, isotopic ratios of bulk carbon (C) and bulk N in natural epilithic mosses (Bryum argenteum, Eurohypnum leptothallum, Haplocladium microphyllum and Hypnum plumaeforme) were measured monthly from August 2006 to August 2007 at Guiyang, SW China. The H. plumaeforme had significantly (P < 0.05) lower bulk N concentrations and higher δ13C values than other species. Moss N concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in warmer months than in cooler months, while moss δ13C values exhibited an opposite pattern. The variance component analyses showed that different species contributed more variations of moss N concentrations and δ13C values than different samplings. Differently, δ15N values did not differ significantly between moss species, and its variance mainly reflected variations of assimilated N sources, with ammonium as the dominant contributor. These results unambiguously reveal the influence of inter-species and intra-annual variations of moss N utilization on N deposition assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Dong
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xue-Yan Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China.
| | - Xin-Chao Sun
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Wei Song
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zheng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China
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9
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Berisha S, Skudnik M, Vilhar U, Sabovljević M, Zavadlav S, Jeran Z. Trace elements and nitrogen content in naturally growing moss Hypnum cupressiforme in urban and peri-urban forests of the Municipality of Ljubljana (Slovenia). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4517-4527. [PMID: 27943157 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We monitored trace metals and nitrogen using naturally growing moss Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. in urban and peri-urban forests of the City Municipality of Ljubljana. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in atmospheric deposition of trace metals and nitrogen between urban and peri-urban forests. Samples were collected at a total of 44 sites in urban forests (forests within the motorway ring road) and peri-urban forests (forests outside the motorway ring road). Mosses collected in urban forests showed increased trace metal concentrations compared to samples collected from peri-urban forests. Higher values were significant for As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl and V. Within the motorway ring road, the notable differences in element concentrations between the two urban forests were significant for Cr, Ni and Mo. Factor analysis showed three groups of elements, highlighting the contribution of traffic emissions, individual heating appliances and the resuspension of contaminated soils and dust as the main sources of trace elements in urban forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Berisha
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Skudnik
- Department of Forest and Landscape Planning and Monitoring, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - U Vilhar
- Department of Forest Ecology, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Sabovljević
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - S Zavadlav
- Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture and Department of Forest Physiology and Genetics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Z Jeran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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10
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Qu L, Xiao H, Zheng N, Zhang Z, Xu Y. Comparison of four methods for spatial interpolation of estimated atmospheric nitrogen deposition in South China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:2578-2588. [PMID: 27826827 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7995-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Spatial interpolation methods have been applied in many environmental research studies. However, it is still a controversial issue to select an appropriate interpolation method for the conversion of discrete sampling sites into continuous maps. This study aimed at selecting an optimal interpolation method to analyze the spatial pattern of atmospheric N deposition in South China. N deposition was calculated by 259 moss sample data. Four spatial interpolation methods, including inverse distance weighting (IDW), radial basis function (RBF), ordinary kriging (OK), and universal kriging (UK), were utilized for modeling the spatial distribution of N deposition. It is the first time that these methods were applied to analyze N deposition in South China. Validation method was used to evaluate the interpolation precision of the various methods, and the cross-validation method was used to evaluate their interpolation accuracy. Comparison of predicted values with measured values indicated that OK was the optimal method for analyzing the spatial distribution of N deposition in this study; it had the highest precision (mean error (ME) = -0.059, root-mean-square error (RMSE) = 5.240, mean relative error (MRE) = 0.129, mean absolute error (MAE) = 4.007) and the lowest uncertainties (standard deviation (SD) = 5.47, coefficient of variation (CV) = 0.15). RBF produced similar results as good as OK, while the worst performed interpolation method was UK. By using the OK method for analyzing N deposition, this work revealed systematic temporal and spatial variations in atmospheric N deposition in South China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huayun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang, 550081, China.
| | - Nengjian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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11
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Schröder W, Nickel S, Schönrock S, Meyer M, Wosniok W, Harmens H, Frontasyeva MV, Alber R, Aleksiayenak J, Barandovski L, Carballeira A, Danielsson H, de Temmermann L, Godzik B, Jeran Z, Karlsson GP, Lazo P, Leblond S, Lindroos AJ, Liiv S, Magnússon SH, Mankovska B, Martínez-Abaigar J, Piispanen J, Poikolainen J, Popescu IV, Qarri F, Santamaria JM, Skudnik M, Špirić Z, Stafilov T, Steinnes E, Stihi C, Thöni L, Uggerud HT, Zechmeister HG. Spatially valid data of atmospheric deposition of heavy metals and nitrogen derived by moss surveys for pollution risk assessments of ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:10457-10476. [PMID: 27068915 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
For analysing element input into ecosystems and associated risks due to atmospheric deposition, element concentrations in moss provide complementary and time-integrated data at high spatial resolution every 5 years since 1990. The paper reviews (1) minimum sample sizes needed for reliable, statistical estimation of mean values at four different spatial scales (European and national level as well as landscape-specific level covering Europe and single countries); (2) trends of heavy metal (HM) and nitrogen (N) concentrations in moss in Europe (1990-2010); (3) correlations between concentrations of HM in moss and soil specimens collected across Norway (1990-2010); and (4) canopy drip-induced site-specific variation of N concentration in moss sampled in seven European countries (1990-2013). While the minimum sample sizes on the European and national level were achieved without exception, for some ecological land classes and elements, the coverage with sampling sites should be improved. The decline in emission and subsequent atmospheric deposition of HM across Europe has resulted in decreasing HM concentrations in moss between 1990 and 2010. In contrast, hardly any changes were observed for N in moss between 2005, when N was included into the survey for the first time, and 2010. In Norway, both, the moss and the soil survey data sets, were correlated, indicating a decrease of HM concentrations in moss and soil. At the site level, the average N deposition inside of forests was almost three times higher than the average N deposition outside of forests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Nickel
- Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | - Simon Schönrock
- Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | - Michaela Meyer
- Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | - Werner Wosniok
- Institute of Statistics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Harry Harmens
- ICP Vegetation Programme Coordination Centre, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Swansea, UK
| | - Marina V Frontasyeva
- Moss Survey Coordination Centre, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Lambe Barandovski
- Institute of physics, Faculty of Natural sciences and mathematics, University of Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | | | - Helena Danielsson
- Air Pollution & Abatement Strategies, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Barbara Godzik
- Władysław Szafer Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Gunilla Pihl Karlsson
- Air Pollution & Abatement Strategies, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Siiri Liiv
- Tallinn Botanic Garden, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Blanka Mankovska
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | | | - Jarmo Poikolainen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland|, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ion V Popescu
- Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania
| | | | | | | | - Zdravko Špirić
- OIKON Ltd.-Institute for Applied Ecology, Zagrebs, Croatia
| | | | - Eiliv Steinnes
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Lotti Thöni
- FUB-Research Group for Environmental Monitoring, Rapperswil, Switzerland
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Meyer M, Schröder W, Nickel S, Leblond S, Lindroos AJ, Mohr K, Poikolainen J, Santamaria JM, Skudnik M, Thöni L, Beudert B, Dieffenbach-Fries H, Schulte-Bisping H, Zechmeister HG. Relevance of canopy drip for the accumulation of nitrogen in moss used as biomonitors for atmospheric nitrogen deposition in Europe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 538:600-610. [PMID: 26318813 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) impacts functions and structures of N limited ecosystems. Due to filtering and related canopy drip effects forests are particularly exposed to N deposition. Up to now, this was proved by many studies using technical deposition samplers but there are only some few studies analysing the canopy drip effect on the accumulation of N in moss and related small scale atmospheric deposition patterns. Therefore, we investigated N deposition and related accumulation of N in forests and in (neighbouring) open fields by use of moss sampled across seven European countries. Sampling and chemical analyses were conducted according to the experimental protocol of the European Moss Survey. The ratios between the measured N content in moss sampled inside and outside of forests were computed and used to calculate estimates for non-sampled sites. Potentially influencing environmental factors were integrated in order to detect their relationships to the N content in moss. The overall average N content measured in moss was 20.0mgg(-1) inside and 11.9mgg(-1) outside of forests with highest N values in Germany inside of forests. Explaining more than 70% of the variance, the multivariate analyses confirmed that the sampling site category (site with/without canopy drip) showed the strongest correlation with the N content in moss. Spatial variances due to enhanced dry deposition in vegetation stands should be considered in future monitoring and modelling of atmospheric N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Meyer
- University of Vechta, Driverstraße 22, 49377 Vechta, Germany.
| | | | - Stefan Nickel
- University of Vechta, Driverstraße 22, 49377 Vechta, Germany.
| | - Sébastien Leblond
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, Case 39, 75005 Paris, France.
| | | | - Karsten Mohr
- Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen, Mars-la-Tour Str. 1-13, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Jarmo Poikolainen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, P.O. Box 413, FI-90014, University of Oulu, Finland.
| | | | - Mitja Skudnik
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Lotti Thöni
- FUB Research Group for Environmental Monitoring, Alte Jonasstraße 83, CH-8640 Rapperswil, Switzerland.
| | - Burkhard Beudert
- Nationalparkverwaltung Bayerischer Wald, Freyunger Straße 2, 94481 Grafenau, Germany.
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