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Renault D, Wiegand C, Balzani P, Richard CMC, Haubrock PJ, Colinet H, Davranche M, Pierson-Wickmann AC, Derocles SAP. The Plasticene era: Current uncertainties in estimates of the hazards posed by tiny plastic particles on soils and terrestrial invertebrates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172252. [PMID: 38599414 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Plastics are ubiquitous in our daily life. Large quantities of plastics leak in the environment where they weather and fragment into micro- and nanoparticles. This potentially releases additives, but rarely leads to a complete mineralization, thus constitutes an environmental hazard. Plastic pollution in agricultural soils currently represents a major challenge: quantitative data of nanoplastics in soils as well as their effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functions need more attention. Plastic accumulation interferes with soil functions, including water dynamics, aeration, microbial activities, and nutrient cycling processes, thus impairing agricultural crop yield. Plastic debris directly affects living organisms but also acts as contaminant vectors in the soils, increasing the effects and the threats on biodiversity. Finally, the effects of plastics on terrestrial invertebrates, representing major taxa in abundance and diversity in the soil compartment, need urgently more investigation from the infra-individual to the ecosystem scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Renault
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)], Université Rennes, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France.
| | - Claudia Wiegand
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)], Université Rennes, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Paride Balzani
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Chloé M C Richard
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)], Université Rennes, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Phillip J Haubrock
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany; CAMB, Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Kuwait
| | - Hervé Colinet
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)], Université Rennes, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Mélanie Davranche
- UMR CNRS 6118 GEOSCIENCES Rennes, Université Rennes, Avenue Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | | | - Stéphane A P Derocles
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)], Université Rennes, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
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2
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Ali W, Buriro RS, Gandahi JA, Chen Y, Aabdin ZU, Bhutto S, Sun J, Zhu J, Liu Z, Zou H. A critical review on male-female reproductive and developmental toxicity induced by micro-plastics and nano-plastics through different signaling pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 394:110976. [PMID: 38552764 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that humans are constantly exposed to micro-plastics and nano-plastics through various routes, including inhalation of airborne particles, exposure to dust, and consumption of food and water. It is estimated that humans may consume thousand to millions of micro-plastic particles, equating to several milligrams per day. Prolonged exposure to micro-plastics and nano-plastics has been linked to negative effects on different living organisms, including neurotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, nephrotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity, and developmental toxicities. The main purpose of this review is to explore the effect of micro-plastics and nano-plastics on the male and female reproductive system, as well as their offspring, and the associated mechanism implicated in the reproductive and developmental toxicities. Micro-plastics and nano-plastics have been shown to exert negative effects on the reproductive system of both male and female mammals and aquatic animals, including developmental impacts on gonads, gametes, embryo, and their subsequent generation. In addition, micro-plastics and nano-plastics impact the hypothalamic-pituitary axes, leading to oxidative stress, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity, developmental abnormalities, poor sperm quality, diminishes ovarian ovulation and immune toxicity. This study discusses the so many different signaling pathways associated in the male and female reproductive and developmental toxicity induced by micro-plastics and nano-plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Ali
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Rehana Shahnawaz Buriro
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Jameel Ahmed Gandahi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Zain Ul Aabdin
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ziauddin University, Pakistan
| | - Sahar Bhutto
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Jiaqiao Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.
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3
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Zang H, Zhao C, Cai R, Wu H, Wei L, Zhou C, Chai J, Teng X, Liu T. Vital role of oxidative stress in tadpole liver damage caused by polystyrene nanoparticles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 277:116331. [PMID: 38640801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Polystyrene nanoparticles are emerging as contaminants in freshwater environments, posing potential risks to amphibians exposed to extended periods of water contamination. Using tadpoles as a model, this study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of PS NPs. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (Py-GCMS) analysis revealed a concentration-dependent increase in polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) levels in tadpoles with escalating exposure concentrations. Following exposure to 100 nm fluorescent microspheres, fluorescence was observed in the intestines and gills, peaking at 48 hours. Histopathological analysis identified degenerative necrosis and inflammation in the liver, along with atrophic necrosis of glomeruli and tubules in the kidneys. These results indicate a discernible impact of PS NPs on antioxidant levels, including reduced superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, elevated glutathione content, and increased malondialdehyde levels. Electron microscopy observations revealed the infiltration of PS NPs into Kupffer's cells and hepatocytes, leading to visible lesions such as nuclear condensation and mitochondrial disruption. The primary objective of this research was to elucidate the adverse effects of prolonged PS NPs exposure on amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety. College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Cenxi Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety. College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Runqiu Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety. College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety. College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Liutao Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety. College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chaoyu Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety. College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jie Chai
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Xuepeng Teng
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China.
| | - Tianlong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety. College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China.
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Santos A, Oliveira M, Almeida M, Lopes I, Venâncio C. Short- and long-term toxicity of nano-sized polyhydroxybutyrate to the freshwater cnidarian Hydra viridissima. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170282. [PMID: 38272078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of increasingly smaller plastic particles in aquatic ecosystems is a prominent environmental issue and is causing a significant impact on aquatic biota. In response to this challenge, biodegradable plastics have emerged as a potential ecological alternative. Nevertheless, despite recent progress in polymer toxicology, there is still limited understanding of the ecological implications of biodegradable plastics in freshwater ecosystems. This study evaluated the toxicity of polyhydroxybutyrate nano-sized particles (PHB-NPLs) on the freshwater cnidarian Hydra viridissima assessing individual and population-level effects. Data revealed low toxicity of PHB-NPLs to H. viridissima in the short-term, as evidenced by the absence of significant malformations and mortality after the 96-h assays. In addition, hydras exhibited rapid and complete regeneration after 96 h of exposure to PHB-NPLs. Feeding assays revealed no significant alterations in prey consumption behavior in the 96-h mortality and malformations assay and the regeneration assay. However, significantly increased feeding rates were observed after long-term exposure, across all tested concentrations of PHB-NPLs. This increase may be attributed to the organisms' heightened energetic demand, stemming from prolonged activation of detoxification mechanisms. These changes may have a cascading effect within the food web, influencing community dynamics and ecosystem stability. Furthermore, a dose-dependent response on the hydras' populational growth was found, with an estimated 20 % effect concentration (EC20,8d) on this endpoint of 10.9 mg PHB-NPLs/L that suggests potential long-term impacts on the population's reproductive output and potential depression and local extinction upon long-term exposure to PHB-NPLs on H. viridissima. The obtained data emphasizes the importance of evaluating sublethal effects and supports the adoption of long-term assays when assessing the toxicity of novel polymers, providing crucial data for informed regulation to safeguard freshwater ecosystems. Future research should aim to unravel the underlying mechanisms behind these sublethal effects, as well as the impact of the generated degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Santos
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Miguel Oliveira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Mónica Almeida
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Lopes
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cátia Venâncio
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Thacharodi A, Hassan S, Meenatchi R, Bhat MA, Hussain N, Arockiaraj J, Ngo HH, Sharma A, Nguyen HT, Pugazhendhi A. Mitigating microplastic pollution: A critical review on the effects, remediation, and utilization strategies of microplastics. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119988. [PMID: 38181686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics are found ubiquitous in the natural environment and are an increasing source of worry for global health. Rapid industrialization and inappropriate plastic waste management in our daily lives have resulted in an increase in the amount of microplastics in the ecosystem. Microplastics that are <150 μm in size could be easily ingested by living beings and cause considerable toxicity. Microplastics can aggregate in living organisms and cause acute, chronic, carcinogenic, developmental, and genotoxic damage. As a result, a sustainable approach to reducing, reusing, and recycling plastic waste is required to manage microplastic pollution in the environment. However, there is still a significant lack of effective methods for managing these pollutants. As a result, the purpose of this review is to convey information on microplastic toxicity and management practices that may aid in the reduction of microplastic pollution. This review further insights on how plastic trash could be converted as value-added products, reducing the load of accumulating plastic wastes in the environment, and leading to a beneficial endeavor for humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Thacharodi
- Dr. Thacharodi's Laboratories, Department of Research and Development, Puducherry, 605005, India
| | - Saqib Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
| | - Ramu Meenatchi
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Mansoor Ahmad Bhat
- Eskişehir Technical University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 26555, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Naseer Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600048, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, NatProLab, Plant Innovation Lab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro, 76130, Mexico
| | - H T Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.
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Wang Y, Fu Z, Guan D, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Liu Q, Xie J, Sun Y, Guo L. Occurrence Characteristics and Ecotoxic Effects of Microplastics in Environmental Media: a Mini Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04832-z. [PMID: 38158486 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04832-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The issue of environmental pollution caused by the widespread presence of microplastics (MPs) in environmental media has garnered significant attention. However, research on MPs pollution has mainly focused on aquatic ecosystems in recent years. The sources and pollution characteristics of MPs in the environment, especially in solid waste, have not been well-described. Additionally, there are few reports on the ecotoxicity of MPs, which highlights the need to fill this gap. This review first summarizes the occurrence characteristics of MPs in water, soil, and marine environments, and then provides an overview of their toxic effects on organisms and the relevant mechanisms. This paper also provides an outlook on the hotspots of research on pollution characterization and ecotoxicity of MPs. Finally, this review aims to provide insights for future ecotoxicity control of MPs. Overall, this paper expands our understanding of the pollution characteristics and ecological toxicity of MPs in current environmental media, providing forward-looking guidance for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Zhou Fu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Dezheng Guan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao Jiebao Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Qingxin Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao Jiebao Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Jingliang Xie
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China.
| | - Liang Guo
- China Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
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Liang J, Xiong S, He C, Song Z, Yang S, Ma D, Yan W, Wang H, Tahir R, Han M. The organism fate of inland freshwater system under micro-/nano-plastic pollution: A review of past decade. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 265:106774. [PMID: 38000134 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nano-plastics (MPs/NPs) are characterized by their small size and extensive surface area, making them global environmental pollutants with adverse effects on organisms at various levels, including organs, cells, and molecules. Freshwater organisms, such as microalgae, emerging plants, zooplankton, benthic species, and fish, experience varying impacts from MPs/NPs, which are prevalent in both terrestrial and aquatic inland environments. MPs/NPs significantly impact plant physiological processes, including photosynthesis, antioxidant response, energy metabolism, and nitrogen removal. Extended exposure and ingestion to MPs/NPs might cause metabolic and behavioral deviations in zooplankton, posing an extinction risk. Upon exposure to MPs/NPs, both benthic organisms and fish display behavioral and metabolic disturbances, due to oxidative stress, neural toxicity, intestinal damage, and metabolic changes. Results from laboratory and field investigations have confirmed that MPs/NPs can be transported across multiple trophic levels. Moreover, MPs/NPs-induced alterations in zooplankton populations can impede energy transfer, leading to food scarcity for filter-feeding fish, larvae of benthic organism and fish, thus jeopardizing aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, MPs/NPs can harm the nervous systems of aquatic organisms, influencing their feeding patterns, circadian rhythms, and mobility. Such behavioral alterations might also introduce unforeseen ecological risks. This comprehensive review aims to explore the consequences of MPs/NPs on freshwater organisms and their interconnected food webs. The investigation encompasses various aspects, including behavioral changes, alterations in physiology, impacts on metabolism, transgenerational effects, and the disruption of energy transfer within the ecosystem. This review elucidated the physiological and biochemical toxicity of MPs/NPs on freshwater organisms, and the ensuing risks to inland aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liang
- Chengdu Jncon Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; School of Humanities, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Sen Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Chengdu Jncon Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Chunlin He
- Chengdu Jncon Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhaobin Song
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Song Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Daiqiang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Wenchu Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Chengdu Jncon Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Rabia Tahir
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Pakistan, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mingming Han
- Centre for marine and coastal studies, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
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8
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Teng M, Li Y, Zhao X, White JC, Zhao L, Sun J, Zhu W, Wu F. Vitamin D modulation of brain-gut-virome disorder caused by polystyrene nanoplastics exposure in zebrafish (Danio rerio). MICROBIOME 2023; 11:266. [PMID: 38008755 PMCID: PMC10680193 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have investigated how nanoplastics (NPs) exposure mediates nerve and intestinal toxicity through a dysregulated brain-gut axis interaction, but there are few studies aimed at alleviating those effects. To determine whether and how vitamin D can impact that toxicity, fish were supplemented with a vitamin D-low diet and vitamin D-high diet. RESULTS Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) accumulated in zebrafish brain and intestine, resulting in brain blood-brain barrier basement membrane damage and the vacuolization of intestinal goblet cells and mitochondria. A high concentration of vitamin D reduced the accumulation of PS-NPs in zebrafish brain tissues by 20% and intestinal tissues by 58.8% and 52.2%, respectively, and alleviated the pathological damage induced by PS-NPs. Adequate vitamin D significantly increased the content of serotonin (5-HT) and reduced the anxiety-like behavior of zebrafish caused by PS-NPs exposure. Virus metagenome showed that PS-NPs exposure affected the composition and abundance of zebrafish intestinal viruses. Differentially expressed viruses in the vitamin D-low and vitamin D-high group affected the secretion of brain neurotransmitters in zebrafish. Virus AF191073 was negatively correlated with neurotransmitter 5-HT, whereas KT319643 was positively correlated with malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the expression of cytochrome 1a1 (cyp1a1) and cytochrome 1b1 (cyp1b1) in the intestine. This suggests that AF191073 and KT319643 may be key viruses that mediate the vitamin D reduction in neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity induced by PS-NPs. CONCLUSION Vitamin D can alleviate neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity induced by PS-NPs exposure by directionally altering the gut virome. These findings highlight the potential of vitamin D to alleviate the brain-gut-virome disorder caused by PS-NPs exposure and suggest potential therapeutic strategies to reduce the risk of NPs toxicity in aquaculture, that is, adding adequate vitamin D to diet. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Lihui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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9
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Zheng Y, Addotey TNA, Chen J, Xu G. Effect of Polystyrene Microplastics on the Antioxidant System and Immune Response in GIFT ( Oreochromis niloticus). BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1430. [PMID: 37998029 PMCID: PMC10669825 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed a significant presence of microplastics (MPs) in freshwater ecosystems, raising concerns about their potential negative impacts on the growth and development of freshwater organisms. The present study was conducted to examine the effects of chronic sub-lethal doses of polystyrene microsphere MPs on the oxidative status (ROS, SOD) and the immune response (IL-1ß, TNF-α) of genetically improved farmed tilapia (a kind of tilapia hereafter referred to as GIFT). GIFT juveniles (5.1 ± 0.2 g) were exposed to different concentrations of substances. The experimental groups were as follows: group A (control, no exposure), group B (exposed to a concentration of 75 nm), group C (exposed to a concentration of 7.5 μm), group D (exposed to a concentration of 750 μm), group E (exposed to a combination of 75 nm, 7.5 μm, and 750 μm), and group F (exposed to a combination of 75 nm and Chlorella). The ROS contents in the brain and gills were significantly decreased in group F, while a significant increase was observed in group D following a 14-day exposure. SOD activities in the intestine showed an elevation in group F, as did those in the brain and gills in group D, while the SOD levels in the gills generally decreased over time in groups B and F. Notably, the highest ROS and SOD were observed in the brain of group D, whereas the lowest were in the intestines at the same concentration. The activity of IL-1β in the liver was significantly up-regulated in all of the exposure groups. IL-1β was significantly up-regulated in the brain of group B and in the gills of group D. Similarly, TNF-α was significantly up-regulated in the brain of groups B/D/E, in the liver of groups B/C/D, in the intestine of group B, and in the gills of group D. Notably, the highest levels of IL-1β and TNF-α activities were recorded in the brain, while the lowest were recorded in the intestine of group D. Overall, this study revealed that GIFT's immune response and antioxidant system can be affected by MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), No. 9 Shanshui East Rd., Wuxi 214081, China; (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 9 Shanshui East Rd., Wuxi 214081, China;
| | - Tracy Naa Adoley Addotey
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 9 Shanshui East Rd., Wuxi 214081, China;
| | - Jiazhang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), No. 9 Shanshui East Rd., Wuxi 214081, China; (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 9 Shanshui East Rd., Wuxi 214081, China;
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), No. 9 Shanshui East Rd., Wuxi 214081, China; (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 9 Shanshui East Rd., Wuxi 214081, China;
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10
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Cesarini G, Secco S, Taurozzi D, Venditti I, Battocchio C, Marcheggiani S, Mancini L, Fratoddi I, Scalici M, Puccinelli C. Teratogenic effects of environmental concentration of plastic particles on freshwater organisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165564. [PMID: 37467998 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Given the widespread presence of plastics, especially in micro- and nanoscale sizes, in freshwater systems, it is crucial to identify a suitable model organism for assessing the potential toxic and teratogenic effects of exposure to plastic particles. Until now, the early life stage of freshwater organisms and the regeneration capacity in relation to plastic particles exposure is a still poorly investigated topic. In this study, we examine the teratogenic effect on diatom Cocconeis placentula and cnidarian Hydra vulgaris under controlled exposure conditions of poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) (P(S-co-MMA)) particles. Significant effects were observed at the lowest concentrations (0.1 μg/L). A significant increase in the teratological frequency in C. placentula and a significant decrease in the regeneration rate in H. vulgaris were found at the lowest concentration. The delay in hydra regeneration impaired the feeding capacity and tentacles reactivity at 96 h of exposure. No effects on diatom growth were observed upon exposure to P(S-co-MMA) particles (0.1, 1, 100, 10,000 μg/L) for 28 days and these findings agree with other studies investigating algal growth. The application of the Teratogenic Risk Index, modified for diatoms, highlighted a moderate risk for the lowest concentration evaluating C. placentula and low risk at the lowest and the highest concentrations considering H. vulgaris. This study suggests the importance of testing organisms belonging to different trophic levels as diverse teratogenic effects can be found and the need to evaluate environmentally relevant concentrations of plastic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cesarini
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Secco
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Taurozzi
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Iole Venditti
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Battocchio
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Marcheggiani
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Mancini
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fratoddi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Scalici
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Camilla Puccinelli
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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11
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Liang J, Abdullah ALB, Wang H, Liu G, Han M. Change in energy-consuming strategy, nucleolar metabolism and physical defense in Macrobrachium rosenbergii after acute and chronic polystyrene nanoparticles exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 263:106711. [PMID: 37783050 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has further intensified plastic pollution due to the escalated use of single-use gloves and masks, consequently leading to the widespread presence of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in major rivers and lakes worldwide. Macrobrachium rosenbergii has become an important experimental subject due to its ecological role and environmental sensitivity. In this study, we sought to comprehend the ramifications of NPs on the widely-distributed freshwater prawn, M rosenbergii, by conducting a detailed analysis of its responses to NPs after both 96 h and 30 days of exposure. The transcriptome analysis revealed 918 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) after 30 days of NPs exposure (356 upregulated, 562 downregulated) and 2376 DEGs after 96 h of NPs exposure (1541 upregulated, 835 downregulated). The results of DEGs expression indicated that acute NPs exposure enhanced carbohydrate transport and metabolism, fostering chitin and extracellular matrix processes. In contrast, chronic NPs exposure induced nucleolar stress in M. rosenbergii, impeding ribosome development and mRNA maturation while showing no significant changes in glucose metabolism. Our findings underscore the M. rosenbergii distinct coping mechanisms during acute and chronic NPs exposure, elucidating its vital adaptive strategies. These results contribute to our understanding of the ecological implications of NPs pollution and its impact on aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liang
- School of Humanities, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | | | - Hong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Guoxing Liu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Mingming Han
- Centre for marine and coastal studies, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
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12
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Haque MK, Uddin M, Kormoker T, Ahmed T, Zaman MRU, Rahman MS, Rahman MA, Hossain MY, Rana MM, Tsang YF. Occurrences, sources, fate and impacts of plastic on aquatic organisms and human health in global perspectives: What Bangladesh can do in future? ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:5531-5556. [PMID: 37382719 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Bangladesh is not an exception to the growing global environmental problem of plastic pollution. Plastics have been deemed a blessing for today's world thanks to their inexpensive production costs, low weight, toughness, and flexibility, but poor biodegradability and massive misuse of plastics are to blame for widespread contamination of the environmental components. Plastic as well as microplastic pollution and its adverse consequences have attracted significant investigative attention all over the world. Plastic pollution is a rising concern in Bangladesh, but scientific studies, data, and related information are very scarce in numerous areas of the plastic pollution problem. The current study examined the effects of plastic and microplastic pollution on the environment and human health, and it examined Bangladesh's existing knowledge of plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems in light of the rapidly expanding international research in this field. We also made an effort to investigate the current shortcomings in Bangladesh's assessment of plastic pollution. This study proposed several management approaches to the persistent plastic pollution problem by analyzing studies from industrialized and emerging countries. Finally, this work pushed investigators to investigate Bangladesh's plastic contamination thoroughly and develop guidelines and policies to address the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kamrul Haque
- Institute of Bangabandhu War of Liberation Bangladesh Studies, National University, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh
| | - Minhaz Uddin
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Tapos Kormoker
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong.
| | - Tareq Ahmed
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Science, University of London, Birkbeck, UK
| | - Md Rahat Uz Zaman
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - M Safiur Rahman
- Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashekur Rahman
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Yeamin Hossain
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Masud Rana
- Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
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13
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Cesarini G, Coppola F, Campos D, Venditti I, Battocchio C, Di Giulio A, Muzzi M, Pestana JLT, Scalici M. Nanoplastic exposure inhibits feeding and delays regeneration in a freshwater planarian. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121959. [PMID: 37271363 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of nanoplastics (NPs) is expected to increase in aquatic environments thus potentially threatening freshwater organisms through interactions with plastic particles that variously float, circulate in the water column or sink into the benthos. Studies into the mechanisms of any NP effects are still scarce, particularly with respect to the regenerative ability of biota for which there is no recognised model organism. The present study therefore aimed to investigate behavioural and regeneration responses of the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina after 10 days exposed to along a gradient 0.01-10 mg/L of poly (styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) NPs (∼426 ± 175 nm). Exposure to NPs induced a significant reduction in planarian feeding rate even at low concentrations (LOEC of 0.01 mg/L), while head regeneration was delayed in a clear dose response way (LOEC of 0.1 mg/L for blastema length). Planaria locomotion assessed was not affected. Our results highlight the potential adverse effects of exposure to poly (styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) NPs and show that feeding behaviour and regeneration of a freshwater benthic organism can be indicators of the resulting toxicity. Planarians are becoming widely used model organisms in ecotoxicology and can help to address potential effects of plastic polymers on regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cesarini
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Coppola
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Campos
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Iole Venditti
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Battocchio
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Giulio
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Muzzi
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - João L T Pestana
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Massimiliano Scalici
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
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14
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Jaouani R, Roman C, Decaix J, Lagarde F, Châtel A. Effect of aging of microplastics on gene expression levels of the marine mussel Mytilus edulis: Comparison in vitro/in vivo exposures. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 189:114767. [PMID: 36870134 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, effects of aging MPs of polyethylene (PE) were investigated in the marine mussel Mytilus edulis, commonly used as bioindicator of aquatic ecosystem, using both in vitro and in vivo exposures, using concentrations found in marine waters (0.008, 10 and 100 μg.L-1). Changes in gene expression levels implicated in detoxification, immune system, cytoskeletton and cell cycle control were evaluated by quantitative RT-qPCR. Results demonstrated differential expression levels depending upon the state of plastic degradation (aged vs non-aged) and way of exposure (vitro vs vivo). This study highlighted the interest of using molecular biomarkers based on analysis of gene expression pattern in an ecotoxicological context that gives indication of relative slight changes between tested conditions as compared to other biochemical approaches (e.g. enzymatic activities). In addition, in vitro analysis could be used to generate large amount of data as regards to the toxicological effects of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Jaouani
- Biology of Organisms Stress Health Environment (BIOSSE), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France; Institut des Molécules et des Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex, France
| | - Coraline Roman
- Biology of Organisms Stress Health Environment (BIOSSE), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France
| | - Justine Decaix
- Biology of Organisms Stress Health Environment (BIOSSE), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France
| | - Fabienne Lagarde
- Institut des Molécules et des Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex, France
| | - Amélie Châtel
- Biology of Organisms Stress Health Environment (BIOSSE), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France.
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15
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Amran NH, Zaid SSM, Meng GY, Salleh A, Mokhtar MH. Protective Role of Kelulut Honey against Toxicity Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Morphology, Hormones, and Sex Steroid Receptor Expression in the Uterus of Rats. TOXICS 2023; 11:324. [PMID: 37112551 PMCID: PMC10141738 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microplastics (MPs) are an emerging global pollutant. Previous studies have revealed that chronic exposure to MPs can affect animal and human reproductive health, particularly by impairing the reproductive system's normal functions, which may increase the risk of infertility in both males and females. Kelulut honey (KH), an excellent source of antioxidants, has been used to counteract the disruptive effects of Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) in the rat uterus. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of Kelulut honey against PS-MPs-induced uterine toxicity in pubertal rats. METHODS Prepubertal female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): (i) normal control group (NC: treated with deionized water), MPs-exposed group (M: exposed to PS-MPs at 2.5 mg/kg), (iii) Kelulut honey group (DM: pretreated with 1200 mg/kg of KH 30 minutes before they were administered with PS-MPs at 2.5 mg/kg), and (iv) Kelulut honey control group (DC: only treated with KH at 2.5 mg/kg). The rats were treated orally once daily for six consecutive weeks. RESULTS Uterine abnormalities in PS-MPs-exposed rats were significantly improved after concurrent treatment with Kelulut honey. Morphology improvement was observed and luminal epithelial cells seemed thicker with more goblet cells, glandular cells had a more regular and circular shape, stromal cell increased in size, interstitial gaps between stromal cells expanded, and the myometrium layer was thicker. Kelulut honey treatment also effectively normalized the suppressive effect of PS-MPs on the expression and distribution of sex steroid receptors (ERα and ERβ), as well as the level of serum gonadotropin (LH and FSH) and sex steroid (estradiol and progesterone) hormones. CONCLUSION Kelulut honey can protect the female reproductive system against the disruptive effects of PS-MPs. The phytochemical properties of Kelulut honey might be responsible for these beneficial benefits. However, future studies are warranted to identify the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hanisah Amran
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Sarah Mohamad Zaid
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Goh Yong Meng
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Annas Salleh
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Helmy Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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16
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Wang S, Zheng L, Shen M, Zhang L, Wu Y, Li G, Guo C, Hu C, Zhang M, Sui Y, Dong X, Lv L. Habitual feeding patterns impact polystyrene microplastic abundance and potential toxicity in edible benthic mollusks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161341. [PMID: 36603620 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
That increasing microplastics (MPs, <5 mm) eventually end up in the sediment which may become a growing menace to diverse benthic lives is worthy of attention. In this experiment, three edible mollusks including one deposit-feeding gastropod (Bullacta exarate) and two filter-feeding bivalves (Cyclina sinensis and Mactra veneriformis) were exposed to polystyrene microplastic (PS-MP) for 7 days and depurated for 3 days. PS-MP numbers in the digestive system and non-digestive system, digestive enzymes, oxidative stress indexes, and a neurotoxicity index of three mollusks were determined at day 0, 3, 7, 8 and 10. After seven-day exposure, the PS-MP were found in all three mollusks' digestive and non-digestive systems. And PS-MP in M. veneriformis (9.57 ± 2.19 items/individual) was significantly higher than those in C. sinensis (3.00 ± 2.16 items/individual) and B. exarate (0.83 ± 1.07 items/individual) at day 7. Three-day depuration could remove most of the PS-MP in the mollusks, and higher PS-MP clearance rates were found in filter-feeding C. sinensis (77.78 %) and M. veneriformis (82.59 %) compared to surface deposit-feeding B. exarate (50.00 %). The digestive enzymes of B. exarate significantly reacted to PS-MP exposure, while oxidative responses were found in C. sinensis. After three-day depuration, the changes of digestive enzymes and the oxidative states were fixed, but neurotoxicity induced by PS-MP was not recoverable. Besides, it is noteworthy that changes of digestive enzymes and acetylcholinesterase are related to feeding patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senyang Wang
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224002, China; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyan Shen
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224002, China
| | - Longsheng Zhang
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224002, China
| | - Yiting Wu
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224002, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuanbo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cunzhi Hu
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224002, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224002, China
| | - Yanming Sui
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224002, China; Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Germany.
| | - Xuexing Dong
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224002, China.
| | - Linlan Lv
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224002, China
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17
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Kim C, Song J, Jung J. Maternal Effect of Polyethylene Microplastic Fragments Containing Benzophenone-3 in Different Ages and Broods of Daphnia Magna. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 110:66. [PMID: 36929426 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The maternal effect of microplastics (MPs) toxicity is likely influenced by age and brood of test species. This study investigated the maternal effect of polyethylene MP fragments (18.23 ± 8.02 μm) with benzophenone-3 (BP-3; 2.89 ± 0.20% w/w) on chronic toxicity to Daphnia magna over two generations. Neonate (< 24 h old) and adult (5 d old) daphnids in the F0 generation were exposed until 21 d old, then first and third brood neonates in the F1 generation were recovered in clean M4 medium for 21 d. Higher chronic toxicity and maternal effect of MP/BP-3 fragments were observed in the adult group compared with the neonate group, reducing growth and reproduction in both F0 and F1 generations. First brood neonates in the F1 generation showed a higher maternal effect of MP/BP-3 fragments than third brood ones, resulting in enhanced growth and reproduction relative to the control. This study provided insights into the ecological risk of MPs containing plastic additives in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhae Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Song
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Recent insights into uptake, toxicity, and molecular targets of microplastics and nanoplastics relevant to human health impacts. iScience 2023; 26:106061. [PMID: 36818296 PMCID: PMC9929686 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics and nanoplastics (M-NPLs) are ubiquitous environmentally, chemically, or mechanically degraded plastic particles. Humans are exposed to M-NPLs of various sizes and types through inhalation of contaminated air, ingestion of contaminated water and food, and other routes. It is estimated that Americans ingest tens of thousands to millions of M-NPLs particles yearly, depending on socioeconomic status, age, and gender. M-NPLs have spurred interest in toxicology because of their abundance, ubiquitous nature, and ability to penetrate bodily and cellular barriers, producing toxicological effects in cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. The present review paper highlights: (1) The current knowledge in understanding the detrimental effects of M-NPLs in mouse models and human cell lines, (2) cellular organelle localization of M-NPLs, and the underlying uptake mechanisms focusing on endocytosis, (3) the possible pathways involved in M-NPLs toxicity, particularly reactive oxygen species, nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), Wnt/β-Catenin, Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-kB)-regulated inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy signaling. We also highlight the potential role of M-NPLs in increasing the incubation time, spread, and transport of the COVID-19 virus. Finally, we discuss the future prospects in this field.
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Sarkar S, Diab H, Thompson J. Microplastic Pollution: Chemical Characterization and Impact on Wildlife. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1745. [PMID: 36767120 PMCID: PMC9914693 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are small pieces of plastic that are less than 5 mm in size and can be found in most environments, including the oceans, rivers, and air. These small plastic particles can have negative impacts on wildlife and the environment. In this review of the literature, we analyze the presence of microplastics in various species of wildlife, including fish, birds, and mammals. We describe a variety of analytical techniques, such as microscopy and spectrometry, which identify and quantify the microplastics in the samples. In addition, techniques of sample preparation are discussed. Summary results show that microplastics are present in all the wildlife species studied, with the highest concentrations often found in fish and birds. The literature suggests that microplastics are widely distributed in the environment and have the potential to affect a wide range of species. Further research is required to fully understand the impacts of microplastics on wildlife and the environment.
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20
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El Kholy S, Al Naggar Y. Exposure to polystyrene microplastic beads causes sex-specific toxic effects in the model insect Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Rep 2023; 13:204. [PMID: 36604504 PMCID: PMC9814852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of MPs on aquatic creatures has been extensively studied, but little attention was paid to terrestrial organisms. To fill this gab, we conducted a series of experiments using Drosophila as a model organism to understand whether exposure to different concentrations (0.005, 0.05, 0.5 µg/ml) of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) beads (2 µm in size) can impact flies feeding activity, digestion and excretion. The ability of flies to distinguish between normal and PS-MPs treated food media was tested first, and then we evaluated the effects of a 7-day short-term exposure to PS-MPs on food intake, mortality, starvation resistance, fecal pellet count, and the cellular structure of mid gut cells. The results revealed that flies can really differentiate and ignore MPs-treated food. We discovered sex-specific effects, with male flies being more sensitive to PS-MPs, with all males dying after 14 days when exposed to 0.5 µg/ml of PS-MPs, whereas female flies survived more. All male flies exposed to PS-MPs died after 24 h of starvation. Midgut cells showed concentration-dependent necrosis and apoptosis in response to PS-MPs. Our findings provide new insights into MPs toxicity on terrestrial organisms and giving a warning that management measures against MPs emission must be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar El Kholy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Yahya Al Naggar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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21
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Wang Y, Xie Y, Fan W, Yang Z, Tan W, Huo M, Huo Y. Mechanism comparisons of transport-deposition-reentrainment between microplastics and natural mineral particles in porous media: A theoretical and experimental study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157998. [PMID: 35964749 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The migration and distribution of microplastic particles (MPs) in the natural environment has attracted global attention in recent years. However, little is known about the transport-deposition-reentrainment differences between MPs and natural mineral particles in porous media. In this study, polystyrene (PS) and silica (SiO2) particles, representing model MPs and natural mineral particles, respectively, were selected to study the responses of different particle types to changes in specific particle size and flow velocity. Three typical particle sizes and various flow velocities were chosen to compare and delineate the transport-deposition-reentrainment characteristics of PS and SiO2 in a packed-bed laboratory column. Collector efficiency was calculated using Tufenkji and Elimelech (TE) equation. The particle fractions released from the collector surfaces were predicted using DLVO theory and force analysis. Two types of particles were attached in the secondary minimum, which were either retained on the collector surface or reentrained to the fluid. The staged elution experiment wherein the flow velocity was increased experienced a period of flow shock, thus breaking the force balance of the particle. An increase in the flow velocity resulted in various degrees of particle elution. The breakthrough experiment at a specific flow velocity showed that the corresponding velocity alteration in staged elution experiment contributed to reentrainment to varying extents. When the effect of gravity on particle deposition was negligible, the particle size was larger, and the lower the velocity for releasing the particles. However, the opposite tendency was observed when considering the effect of gravity on particle deposition. Moreover, the deposition, mainly due to gravity, easily causes particle reentrainment as the flow velocity increases. This study further predicts and reveals the nature of transport and deposition differences between MPs and natural mineral particles, which helps to further assess the risk and potential of groundwater contamination with MPs of different sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin jianzhu University, No. 5088, Xincheng Street, Nanguan District, 130118 Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuxuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin jianzhu University, No. 5088, Xincheng Street, Nanguan District, 130118 Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Fan
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555, Jingyue Street, Nanguan District, 130117 Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zihao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin jianzhu University, No. 5088, Xincheng Street, Nanguan District, 130118 Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wenda Tan
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin jianzhu University, No. 5088, Xincheng Street, Nanguan District, 130118 Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mingxin Huo
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555, Jingyue Street, Nanguan District, 130117 Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Huo
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268, Renmin Street, Nanguan District, 130024 Changchun, Jilin, China.
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22
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Trophic Transfer and Accumulation of Microplastics in Freshwater Ecosystem: Risk to Food Security and Human Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1234078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is not at all a novel matter to the scientific as well as the public community. However, the knowledge of the general public when it comes to microplastic pollution is still in its infancy. The major sources of these tiny plastic particles in the aquatic environment are laundry, abrasion of household plastics, cosmetics, personal care products, tyre wear, food wrappings, and so on. However, the public is not much aware that they are part of these major emission sources and how much they are contributing to it. Also, the vast majority of research conducted to date on plastic pollution in all size fractions has focused more on marine ecosystems than freshwater ecosystems. Hence, people are more associated with freshwater ecosystems than marine ecosystems; it should be given additional importance.Rather than the effect on aquatic organisms through ingestion and other ways, the ecological risks posed by micro and nanoplastics as vectors for chemical contaminants and their accumulation through trophic transfer are more serious and of utmost importance. Aquatic life or aquatic ecosystem is already affected by a multitude of environmental stressors, and now microplastics and nanoplastics may represent a significant additional risk to food security. Micro and nanoplastics have already invaded our diet in various ways. Even if it does not show any immediate effect on human health, long-term exposure may pose a serious threat to the human population. Hence, identifying the possible sources and reducing exposure to these sources is of utmost importance.
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23
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Auclair J, Gagné F. Shape-Dependent Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles on Freshwater Cnidarians. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12183107. [PMID: 36144895 PMCID: PMC9503847 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly used in various consumer products, leading to their inadvertent release in aquatic ecosystems. The toxicity of AgNPs could be associated with the leaching of ionic Ag but also with the size, shape and surface properties. The purpose of this study was to test the null hypothesis that toxicity of AgNPs was independent of shape in the invertebrate Hydra vulgaris. The hydranths were exposed to increasing concentrations of ionic Ag and AgNPs of three different shapes (spherical, cubic and prismatic) with the same size and coating (polyvinylpyrrolidone). The data revealed that between 68% and 75% of total Ag remained in solution after the 96 h exposure period, while 85−90% of ionic Ag remained in solution. The 96 h lethal concentration (LC50) was lower with ionic (4 µg/L) and spherical AgNPs (56 µg/L), based on irreversible morphological changes such as loss of tentacles and body disintegration. Cubic and prismatic AgNPs were not toxic at a concentration of <100 µg/L. The sublethal toxicity was also determined at 96 h based on characteristic morphological changes (clubbed and/or shortened tentacles) and showed the following toxicity: ionic (2.6 µg/L), spherical (22 µg/L) and prismatic (32.5 µg/L) AgNPs. The nanocube was not toxic at this level. The data indicated that toxicity was shape-dependent where nanoparticles with a low aspect ratio in addition to high circularity and elongation properties were more toxic at both the lethal and sublethal levels. In conclusion, the shape of AgNPs could influence toxicity and warrants further research to better understand the mechanisms of action at play.
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24
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Shi L, Hou Y, Chen Z, Bu Y, Zhang X, Shen Z, Chen Y. Impact of polyethylene on soil physicochemical properties and characteristics of sweet potato growth and polyethylene absorption. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134734. [PMID: 35489454 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution problem is severe in China. As the main component of mulch film, whether polyethylene (PE) poses a threat to the safe production of sweet potato is unknown. In this study, micron-sized original or weathered PE was simulated as the field film particles, and pot, hydroponic experiment were conducted to explore the effects of original and weathered MPs on physicochemical properties in soil, growth and phosphorus (P), potassium (K) absorption in sweet potato; P and K adsorption in liquid environment, and also the distribution of original MPs in sweet potato tissues respectively. The results showed that 5 μm original PE MPs significantly reduced pH (5.6-7.9%) and increased EC (6.0-12.1%) of soil compared to weathered PE MPs. In addition, original PE MPs can also significantly improved the biomass growth rates (5.9-19.0%) of sweet potato compared with weathered PE MPs by adsorbing more Olsen-P and Olsen-K in soil, and increasing K concentration in stems compared with control (17.1-55.4%). Although there was no significant difference between original and weathered PE MPs on the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation in sweet potato leaves, the original PE MPs made sweet potato exhibit the stronger oxidative stress. The tissue distribution of PE MPs-fluorescent spheres were only observed in cortical tissues of roots and stems. Results from our study suggest that sweet potato were not significantly affected by a short term exposure to single PE MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanan Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zanming Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuan Bu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiyang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; The Collaborated Lab. of Plant Molecular Ecology (between College of Life Sciences of Nanjing Agricultural University and Asian Natural Environmental Science Center of the University of Tokyo), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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25
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Dubey I, Khan S, Kushwaha S. Developmental and reproductive toxic effects of exposure to microplastics: A review of associated signaling pathways. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:901798. [PMID: 36119356 PMCID: PMC9471315 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.901798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), small pieces of plastic (∼5 mm), are released into the environment not only as a result of the decomposition of large-sized plastics but also from day-to-day use of plastic products. Chronic exposure to MPs has been attributed to harmful effects on aquatic organisms and rodents. Effects include gastrointestinal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicities. Exposure to MPs may also potentially affect human health. Herein, we reviewed the impact of MPs on male and female reproductive systems and the associated mechanisms involved in the reproductive and developmental toxicities of MPs. We performed a literature search in Google Scholar and PubMed using the following keywords: MPs and reproductive toxicity; MPs and developmental studies; MPs and infertility; MPs and aquatics; and MPs and rodents. Evidence of MPs accumulation has been reported in many organs of humans and experimental models. The harmful effects of MPs have been manifested in male and female reproductive systems of mammalian and aquatic animals, including developmental effects on gametes, embryos, and their offspring. This review describes various signaling pathways involved in MPs-associated male and female reproductive and developmental toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itishree Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Raebareli, India
| | - Sabbir Khan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sapana Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Raebareli, India
- *Correspondence: Sapana Kushwaha,
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26
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Savage G, Porter A, Simpson SD. Uptake of microplastics by the snakelocks anemone (Anemonia viridis) is commonplace across environmental conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155144. [PMID: 35405239 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (<1 mm) are ubiquitous in our oceans and widely acknowledged as concerning contaminants due to the multi-faceted threats they exert on marine organisms and ecosystems. Anthozoans, including sea anemones and corals, are particularly at risk of microplastic uptake due to their proximity to the coastline, non-selective feeding mechanisms and sedentary nature. Here, the common snakelocks anemone (Anemonia viridis) was used to generate understanding of microplastic uptake in the relatively understudied Anthozoa class. A series of microplastic exposure and multi-stressor experiments were performed to examine particle shape and size selectivity, and to test for the influence of food availability and temperature on microplastic uptake. All A. viridis individuals were found to readily take up microplastics (mean 142.1 ± 83.4 particles per gram of tissue) but exhibited limited preference between different particle shapes and sizes (n = 32). Closer examination identified that uptake involved both ingestion and external tissue adhesion, where microplastics were trapped in secreted mucus. Microplastic uptake in A. viridis was not influenced by the presence of food or elevated water temperature (n = 40). Furthermore, environmental sampling was performed to investigate microplastic uptake in A. viridis (n = 8) on the coast of southwest England, with a mean of 17.5 ± 4.0 particles taken up per individual. Fibres represented the majority of particles (91%) followed by fragments (9%), with 87% either clear, blue or black in colour. FTIR analysis identified 70% of the particles as anthropogenic cellulosic or plastic polymers. Thus, this study provides evidence of microplastic uptake by A. viridis in both laboratory exposures experiments and in the marine environment. These findings support recent literature suggesting that external adhesion may be the primary mechanism in which anthozoans capture microplastics from the water column and highlights the potential role anemones can play as environmental microplastic bioindicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgie Savage
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Adam Porter
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Stephen D Simpson
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
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27
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Hu E, Sun C, Yang F, Wang Y, Hu L, Wang L, Li M, Gao L. Microplastics in 48 wastewater treatment plants reveal regional differences in physical characteristics and shape-dependent removal in the transition zone between North and South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155320. [PMID: 35447173 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the physical characteristics and removal efficiency of microplastics in wastewater from regions with different climatic conditions and economic development levels. Microplastics with different shapes and sizes were analyzed from the influent and effluent of 48 wastewater treatment plants in three regions of Shaanxi Province (China). Results indicated that the abundance of microplastics in the influent samples was higher in the region with less regional water resources. However, the per capita microplastics emissions was higher in the region with higher economic development level. There were less fibers and more foams and beads in the more developed region. The removal efficiency of microplastics was related to their shape and size. Particularly, the removal efficiency showed a significant negative correlation with the percentage of foams, while it had a significant positive relationship with the proportions of films and fibers. The highest removal efficiency was obtained when the size of microplastics was ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 mm. This study suggests, compared to improving the removal efficiency of microplastics, that reducing the input at source is a more scientific and promising method.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Changshun Sun
- Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
| | - Fang Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Yongping Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Longgang Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
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28
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Murphy L, Germaine K, Kakouli-Duarte T, Cleary J. Assessment of microplastics in Irish river sediment. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09853. [PMID: 35815125 PMCID: PMC9263993 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are environmental pollutants of growing concern, and awareness of MPs pollution in marine and freshwater environments has increased in recent years. However, knowledge of MPs contamination in riverine sediments in Ireland is limited. To address this, we collected and analysed sediment samples from 16 selected sites along the River Barrow. Microplastics were extracted through a density separation method, after which their size, colour, and shape were analysed under a stereo microscope (Optica SZM-2). Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to identify polymer types. A total of 690 MPs were recovered from the 16 sites, with fibres as the dominant MP type. The highest concentration of MPs was 155 MP fibres kg-1 wet sediment found in samples collected from Graiguenamanagh, Co. Kilkenny (GK). The majority of the recovered MPs were polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), nylon, and cellulose acetate (CA) fibres. Overall, this study highlighted the presence of MPs in Irish river sediments and provided a baseline for future studies on MPs pollution. Further research is needed to better understand sources, distribution, and effects of MPs in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loriane Murphy
- enviroCORE, Department of Applied Science, South East Technological University, Kilkenny Road Campus, Kilkenny Road, Carlow, R93 V960, Ireland
| | - Kieran Germaine
- enviroCORE, Department of Applied Science, South East Technological University, Kilkenny Road Campus, Kilkenny Road, Carlow, R93 V960, Ireland
| | - Thomais Kakouli-Duarte
- enviroCORE, Department of Applied Science, South East Technological University, Kilkenny Road Campus, Kilkenny Road, Carlow, R93 V960, Ireland
| | - John Cleary
- enviroCORE, Department of Applied Science, South East Technological University, Kilkenny Road Campus, Kilkenny Road, Carlow, R93 V960, Ireland
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29
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Nugnes R, Lavorgna M, Orlo E, Russo C, Isidori M. Toxic impact of polystyrene microplastic particles in freshwater organisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134373. [PMID: 35314178 PMCID: PMC8932136 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is leading to an increase of the global production of plastics since the use of personal protective equipment (PPEs, i.e. gloves, gowns, masks, packaging items), has become mandatory to prevent the spread of the virus. Plastic breaks down into micro/nano particles due to physical or chemical or biological actions into environment. Due to small dimensions, ubiquitous and persistent nature, the plastic particles represent a significant threat to ecosystems and can entry into food chains. Among the plastic polymers used for PPEs, polystyrene is less studied regarding its eco-geno-toxicity. This study aims to investigate acute, chronic and subchronic effects of the microplastic polystyrene beads (PS-MP, size 1.0 μm) on three freshwater species, the alga Raphidocelis subcapitata, the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus, the crustacean Ceriodaphnia dubia and the benthic ostracod Heterocypris incongruens. Furthermore, the potential genotoxicity and the ROS production due to the PS-MP were also determined in C. dubia. Results revealed that the acute effects occurred at concentrations of PS-MP in the order of dozens of mg/L in B. calyciflorus and C. dubia and hundreds of mg/L in H. incongruens. Regarding long-term toxicity, increasing chronic effects with EC50s in the order of units (C. dubia), hundreds (B. calyciflorus) and thousands (R. subcapitata) of μg/L were observed. Both for acute and chronic/sub chronic toxicity, daphnids were more sensitive to polystyrene than ostracods. Moreover, when C. dubia neonates were exposed to the PS-MP, alterations in genetic material as well as the production of ROS occurred, starting from concentrations in the order of units of μg/L, probably due to inflammatory responses. At last, the risk quotient (RQ) as a measure of risk posed by PS-MPs in freshwater environment, was calculated obtaining a value of 7.2, higher than the threshold value of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Nugnes
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Margherita Lavorgna
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Elena Orlo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Chiara Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Marina Isidori
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
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30
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Vimalkumar K, Sangeetha S, Felix L, Kay P, Pugazhendhi A. A systematic review on toxicity assessment of persistent emerging pollutants (EPs) and associated microplastics (MPs) in the environment using the Hydra animal model. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 256:109320. [PMID: 35227876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emerging pollutants (EPs) are causative for teratogenic and reproductive effects. EPs are detected in all the environmental matrices at higher levels. A suitable model for aquatic toxicity assessment is Hydra, because of morphological, behavioral, reproductive (sexual and asexual), and biochemical changes. Many researchers have used Hydra for toxicity assessment of organic chemicals (BPA), heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, nanomaterials and microplastics. Various Hydra species were used for environmental toxicity studies; however H. magnipapillata was predominantly used due to the availability of its genome and proteome sequences. Teratogenic and reproductive changes in Hydra are species specific. Teratogenic effects were studied using sterozoom dissecting microscope, acridine orange (AO) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DPAI) staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by EPs had been understood by the Dichlorodihydrofluorescein Diacetate (DCFDA) staining and comet assay. Multiple advanced techniques would aid to understand the effects at molecular level, such as real-time PCR, rapid amplification of cDNA end- PCR. EPs modulated the major antioxidant enzyme levels, therefore, defense mechanism was affected by the higher generation of reactive oxygen species. Genome sequencing helps to know the mode of action of pollutants, role of enzymes in detoxification, defense genes and stress responsive genes. Molecular techniques were used to obtain the information for evolutionary changes of genes and modulation of gene expression by EPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seethappan Sangeetha
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lewisoscar Felix
- Infectious Diseases Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Paul Kay
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Emerging Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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The Burden of Microplastics Pollution and Contending Policies and Regulations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116773. [PMID: 35682361 PMCID: PMC9180440 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between humans and plastics has become intricate due to their versatile nature and low production cost. Plastics generation has surpassed that of other manufactured products, which, coupled with the prevailing poor waste management systems, makes it a serious problem for the terrestrial and aquatic environments as its final destination. Their extensive presence has continued to pose a significant threat, not only to the aquatic ecosystem but also to the approximately 3 billion people relying on it for their livelihood. Even more disturbing were the recent findings of these plastics in food and drinking water and the evidence of human exposure, the long-term health effects of which are largely unknown. This ubiquitous phenomenon has over time put plastics under critical observation, leading to the development of many local and international policies, resolutions, and directives aimed at addressing and reversing the menace. This review provided the first snapshot of the global and local governance strategies currently aimed at mitigating plastic pollution, their limitations, and future directions. The findings of the review revealed several aspects of microplastics (MPs) pollution to be overlooked in policy formulation, a laxity in policy implementation, and an apparent lack of indices to ascertain the impact of the regulations. Furthermore, there is currently no regulation on MPs contamination of food and drinking water and an apparent lack of funding for research into the health effects of plastics and their alternatives. This, therefore, necessitates the need for a well-coordinated approach at international and national levels to scale up these policies in all countries and translate them from paper to measurable, holistic, and realizable actions that will address all forms of plastic pollution.
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Bucci K, Bikker J, Stevack K, Watson-Leung T, Rochman C. Impacts to Larval Fathead Minnows Vary between Preconsumer and Environmental Microplastics. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:858-868. [PMID: 33880787 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are a complex suite of contaminants varying in size, shape, polymer, and associated chemicals and are sometimes referred to as a "multiple stressor." Still, the majority of studies testing hypotheses about their effects use commercially bought microplastics of a uniform size, shape, and type. We investigated the effects of polyethylene and polypropylene microplastics purchased as preproduction pellets (referred to as "preconsumer") and a mixture of polyethylene and polypropylene collected from the environment (environmental microplastic). Embryo-stage fathead minnows were exposed to either the physical plastic particles and their leachates or the chemical leachates alone at an environmentally relevant (280 particles/L) or high (2800 particles/L) concentration for 14 d. The effects of microplastics differed by polymer type and presence of environmental contaminants, and effects can be driven by the physical particles and/or the chemical leachates alone. Larvae exposed to preconsumer polyethylene experienced a decrease in survival, length, and weight, whereas preconsumer polypropylene caused an increase in weight. Environmental microplastics caused a more drastic increase in length and weight and almost 6 times more deformities as the preconsumer microplastics. Although preconsumer microplastics caused effects only when organisms were exposed to both the particles and the chemical leachates, the environmental microplastics caused effects when organisms were exposed to the chemical leachates alone, suggesting that the mechanism of effects are context-dependent. The present study provides further support for treating microplastics as a multiple stressor and suggests that testing for effects with pristine microplastics may underestimate the true effects of microplastics in the environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:858-868. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy Bucci
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Bikker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathleen Stevack
- Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trudy Watson-Leung
- Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chelsea Rochman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Jin H, Yan M, Pan C, Liu Z, Sha X, Jiang C, Li L, Pan M, Li D, Han X, Ding J. Chronic exposure to polystyrene microplastics induced male reproductive toxicity and decreased testosterone levels via the LH-mediated LHR/cAMP/PKA/StAR pathway. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:13. [PMID: 35177090 PMCID: PMC8851716 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microplastics (MPs), which are smaller in size and difficult to degrade, can be easily ingested by marine life and enter mammals through the food chain. Our previous study demonstrated that following acute exposure to MPs, the serum testosterone content reduced and sperm quality declined, resulting in male reproductive dysfunction in mice. However, the toxic effect of long-term exposure to MPs at environmental exposure levels on the reproductive system of mammals remains unclear. Results In vivo, mice were given drinking water containing 100 μg/L and 1000 μg/L polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) with particle sizes of 0.5 μm, 4 μm, and 10 μm for 180 consecutive days. We observed alterations in testicular morphology and reductions in testosterone, LH and FSH contents in serum. In addition, the viability of sperm was declined and the rate of sperm abnormality was increased following exposure to PS-MPs. The expression of steroidogenic enzymes and StAR was downregulated in testis tissues. In vitro, we used primary Leydig cells to explore the underlying mechanism of the decrease in testosterone induced by PS-MPs. First, we discovered that PS-MPs attached to and became internalized by Leydig cells. And then we found that the contents of testosterone in the supernatant declined. Meanwhile, LHR, steroidogenic enzymes and StAR were downregulated with concentration-dependent on PS-MPs. We also confirmed that PS-MPs decreased StAR expression by inhibiting activation of the AC/cAMP/PKA pathway. Moreover, the overexpression of LHR alleviated the reduction in StAR and steroidogenic enzymes levels, and finally alleviated the reduction in testosterone induced by PS-MPs. Conclusions PS-MPs exposure resulted in alterations in testicular histology, abnormal spermatogenesis, and interference of serum hormone secretion in mice. PS-MPs induced a reduction in testosterone level through downregulation of the LH-mediated LHR/cAMP/PKA/StAR pathway. In summary, our study showed that chronic exposure to PS-MPs resulted in toxicity of male reproduction under environmental exposure levels, and these potential risks may ring alarm bells of public health. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00453-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Jin
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Minghao Yan
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chun Pan
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Sha
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chengyue Jiang
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Luxi Li
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Mengge Pan
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Jie Ding
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Eom HJ, Lee N, Yum S, Rhee JS. Effects of extremely high concentrations of polystyrene microplastics on asexual reproduction and nematocyst discharge in the jellyfish Sanderia malayensis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150988. [PMID: 34656572 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have assessed the detrimental effects of microplastics (MPs) on aquatic invertebrates due to their ubiquitous and persistent nature. In this study, the toxic effects of MPs were examined on the polyp and ephyrae of the marine hydrozoan Sanderia malayensis. The jellyfish were exposed to different sizes (1-6 μm) of non-functionalized polystyrene microbeads at a concentration of 1 × 104 particles mL-1. The MPs randomly attached to the external and internal parts of the jellyfish body, and the longest MP attachment was 52 days during the depuration after initial exposure (for 24 h). Consistent seventeen-day exposure to MPs significantly reduced the asexual reproduction of the S. malayensis polyps. To assess if the MPs can stimulate nematocyst discharge in polyp and ephyrae stages via direct contact, they were exposed to particle sizes up to 430 μm. None of the MPs or their aggregates, including the 430 μm particles, induced nematocyst discharge. These results suggest that prolonged exposure to relatively high MP concentrations affects the early stages of jellies and provides evidence for the no effect on nematocyst discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Eom
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Lee
- Ecological Risk Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungshic Yum
- Ecological Risk Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Yellow Sea Research Institute, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Chen X, Wang D, Peng LB, Song HZ, Xiang LP, Yu HX, Zheng JL, Zhu QL. Genome-wide identification of seven superoxide dismutase genes in the marine rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis and modulated expression and enzymatic activity in response to microplastics and nutritional status. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 243:106055. [PMID: 34954476 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution has attracted worldwide attention. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a sensitive indicator for assessing the toxic effects of MPs in aquatic organisms. However, few studies have been performed to identify all genes encoding SOD in aquatic invertebrates. Especially, effects of MPs on SOD activity and expression in aquatic organisms under starvation or a subsequent refeeding status are unclear. In the present study, all full-length genes encoding SOD were cloned and characterized from the marine rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis, including CuZnSOD1, CuZnSOD2, CuZnSOD3, CuZnSOD4, CuZnSOD5, MnSOD1, and MnSOD2. The CuZnSOD1, CuZnSOD2 and MnSOD2 are homologous to SODs from vertebrates and the other SOD proteins are rotifer-specific according to the results from the phylogenetic tree. The conserved signature sequences and binding sites of Cu2+, Zn2+and Mn2+ were also identified in the seven SOD proteins. Compared with feeding, starvation down-regulated SOD activity and mRNA expression of CuZnSOD2, CuZnSOD4, CuZnSOD5, MnSOD1 and MnSOD2 while refeeding maintained SOD activity comparable to the feeding level and up-regulated CuZnSOD5 and MnSOD2. Intake of MPs by B. rotundiformis was observed by examining fluorescence signals from the fluorescently-labeled microplastics under different nutritional status. Exposure to MPs reduced rotifer density and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and SOD activity in the rotifers under the refeeding condition, but did not affect these indicators under the feeding and starvation conditions. However, mRNA expression of some tested genes was responsive to MPs in the fed, starved and refed rotifers. The present study for the first time demonstrated a nutritional status-dependent effect of MPs on oxidative stress response, and provided more sensitive molecular biomarkers for assessing the toxicity of MPs using B. rotundiformis as a model animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Dan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Li-Bin Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Hong-Zi Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Xiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Han-Xiu Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Jia-Lang Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Qing-Ling Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China.
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Tamminga M, Hengstmann E, Deuke AK, Fischer EK. Microplastic concentrations, characteristics, and fluxes in water bodies of the Tollense catchment, Germany, with regard to different sampling systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11345-11358. [PMID: 34533749 PMCID: PMC8794927 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The widespread presence of microplastics in multiple environmental compartments has largely been demonstrated. Assessing the ecological risk that microplastics pose is, at the present stage, hindered due to methodical differences. Moreover, different methods hamper meaningful comparisons between studies and data on microplastics <300 μm is scarce. Therefore, we focused on microplastics >20 μm in freshwater and sampling-related aspects in this concern. Sampling was conducted between 2018 and 2020 in the Tollense catchment in northeastern Germany and was carried out by in situ pump filtration. Two different sampling systems (cutoff sizes 20 μm and 63 μm) were applied to filter water volumes of 0.075-1.836 m3. Retained particles were analyzed by a combination of Nile red staining and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Thereby, we found microplastic concentrations between 123 and 1728 particles m-3 using the 63-μm cut-off size and between 1357 and 2146 particles m-3 using the 20-μm cut-off size. Local hydrodynamics (discharge and flow velocity) and land cover are likely influencing the observed microplastic concentrations and fluxes. The variability between both sampling systems cannot fully be explained by the different mesh sizes used. We argue that differentiation between a theoretical cut-off size (finest mesh) and a factual cut-off size (reliable quantification) can help to understand sampling related differences between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Tamminga
- Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Elena Hengstmann
- Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Deuke
- Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elke Kerstin Fischer
- Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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37
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The Pressing Issue of Micro- and Nanoplastic Contamination: Profiling the Reproductive Alterations Mediated by Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020193. [PMID: 35204076 PMCID: PMC8868557 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Micro- and nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) are among the most widely distributed pollutants in the environment. It has been suggested that exposure to MPs/NPs can trigger toxicity pathways among which inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) play a pivotal role. Once absorbed, MPs/NPs may act locally or access the bloodstream and, following the translocation process, reach several organs and tissues, including the gonads. Notably, MPs/NPs can bioaccumulate in human and murine placenta, opening new scenarios for toxicological evaluations. We review recent studies on the effects of MPs/NPs on the reproductive health in aquatic and terrestrial organisms of both sexes, focusing on the role of OS and the antioxidant defence system failure as the main underlying mechanisms. Alterations in gametogenesis, embryonic and offspring development, and survival have been shown in most studies and often related to a broken redox balance. All these detrimental effects are inversely related to particle size, whereas they are closely linked to shape, plastic polymer type, superficial functionalization, concentration, and time of exposure. To date, the studies provide insights into the health impacts, but no conclusions can be drawn for reproduction toxicity. The main implication of the few studies on antioxidant substances reveals their potential role in mitigating MP-induced toxic effects.
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38
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Pashaei R, Dzingelevičienė R, Abbasi S, Szultka-Młyńska M, Buszewski B. Determination of the pharmaceuticals-nano/microplastics in aquatic systems by analytical and instrumental methods. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:93. [PMID: 35028740 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09751-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical residues and nanoplastic and microplastic particles as emerging pollutants in the aquatic environment are a subject of increasing concern in terms of the effect on water sources and marine organisms. There is lack of information about pharmaceutical-nanoplastic and pharmaceutical-microplastic mixtures. The present study aimed to investigate the fate and effect of pharmaceutical residues and nanoplastic and microplastic particles, the results of combinations of pharmaceutical residues with nanoplastic and microplastic particles, and toxic effects of pharmaceutical residues and nanoplastic and microplastic particles. Moreover, the objective was also to introduce analytical methods for pharmaceuticals, along with instrumental techniques for nanoplastic and microplastic particles in aquatic environments and organisms. PhAC alone can affect marine environments and aquatic organisms. When pharmaceutical residues combine with nanoplastic and microplastic particles, the rate of toxicity increases, and the result of this phenomenon constitutes this kind of pollutant in wastewater. Hence, the rate of mortality in organisms enhances. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pharmaceuticals residues and nanoplastic and microplastic particles, and a mixture of pharmaceutical residues and nanoplastic and microplastic particles in aquatic biota. Another object was survey methods for recognizing pharmaceutical residues and nanoplastic and microplastic particles. The findings show that pharmaceutical residues in organisms caused cell structure damage, inflammatory response, and nerve cell apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of microplastic particles in the human food chain and their impact on human health. Moreover, this review aims to present an innovative methodology based on comprehensive analytical techniques used to determine and identify pharmaceuticals adsorbed on nano- and microplastics in aquatic ecosystems. Finally, this review addresses the knowledge gaps and provides insights into future research strategies to better understand their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Pashaei
- Marine Research Institute of Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania.
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland.
| | | | - Sajjad Abbasi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
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Trotter B, Wilde MV, Brehm J, Dafni E, Aliu A, Arnold GJ, Fröhlich T, Laforsch C. Long-term exposure of Daphnia magna to polystyrene microplastic (PS-MP) leads to alterations of the proteome, morphology and life-history. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148822. [PMID: 34328913 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the past years, the research focus on the effects of MP on aquatic organisms extended from marine systems towards freshwater systems. An important freshwater model organism in the MP field is the cladoceran Daphnia, which plays a central role in lacustrine ecosystems and has been established as a test organism in ecotoxicology. To investigate the effects of MP on Daphnia magna, we performed a chronic exposure experiment with polystyrene MP under strictly standardized conditions. Chronic exposure of D. magna to PS microparticles led to a significant reduction in body length and number of offspring. To shed light on underlying molecular mechanisms induced by microplastic ingestion in D. magna, we assessed the effects of PS-MP at the proteomic level, as proteins, e.g., enzymes, are especially relevant for an organism's physiology. Using a state-of-the-art mass spectrometry based approach, we were able to identify 28,696 different peptides, which could be assigned to 3784 different proteins. Using a customized bioinformatic workflow, we identified 41 proteins significantly altered in abundance (q-value <0.05) in the PS exposed D. magna. Among the proteins increased in the PS treated group were several sulfotransferases, involved in basic biochemical pathways, as well as GABA transaminase catalyzing the degradation of the neurotransmitter GABA. In the abundance decreased group, we found essential proteins such as the DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit and other proteins connected to biotic and inorganic stress and reproduction. Strikingly, we further identified several digestive enzymes that are significantly downregulated in the PS treated animals, which could have interfered with the affected animal's nutrient supply. This may explain the altered morphological and life history traits of the PS exposed daphnids. Our results indicate that long-term exposure to PS microplastics, which are frequently detected in environmental samples, may affect the fitness of daphnids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Trotter
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Ecology 1, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; Gene Center Munich, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), LMU München, Feodor-Lynen Straße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena V Wilde
- Gene Center Munich, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), LMU München, Feodor-Lynen Straße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Julian Brehm
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Ecology 1, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Evdokia Dafni
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Ecology 1, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Arlinda Aliu
- Gene Center Munich, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), LMU München, Feodor-Lynen Straße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Georg J Arnold
- Gene Center Munich, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), LMU München, Feodor-Lynen Straße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Gene Center Munich, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), LMU München, Feodor-Lynen Straße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Christian Laforsch
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Ecology 1, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
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Chen HL, Selvam SB, Ting KN, Gibbins CN. Microplastic pollution in freshwater systems in Southeast Asia: contamination levels, sources, and ecological impacts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:54222-54237. [PMID: 34386926 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are synthetic polymers known for their outstanding durability and versatility, and have replaced traditional materials in many applications. Unfortunately, their unique traits ensure that they pose a major threat to the environment. While literature on freshwater microplastic contamination has grown over the recent years, research undertaken in rapidly developing countries, where plastic production and use are increasing dramatically, has lagged behind that in other parts of the world. In the South East Asia (SEA) region, basic information on levels of contamination is very limited and, as a consequence, the risk to human and ecological health remains hard to assess. This review synthesises what is currently known about microplastic contamination of freshwater ecosystems in SEA, with a particular focus on Malaysia. The review 1) summarises published studies that have assessed levels of contamination in freshwater systems in SEA, 2) discusses key sources and transport pathways of microplastic in freshwaters, 3) outlines what is known of the impacts of microplastic on freshwater organisms, and 4) identifies key knowledge gaps related to our understanding of the transport, fate and effects of microplastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ling Chen
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sivathass Bannir Selvam
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kang Nee Ting
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Christopher Neil Gibbins
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
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Rodrigues SM, Elliott M, Almeida CMR, Ramos S. Microplastics and plankton: Knowledge from laboratory and field studies to distinguish contamination from pollution. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126057. [PMID: 34004578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to their ubiquitous presence, size and characteristics as ability to adsorb pollutants, microplastics are hypothesized as causing a major impact on smaller organisms, such as plankton. Despite this, there is a need to determine whether these impacts just relate to the environmental presence of the materials or their effects on biological processes. Therefore, we aimed to 1) review current research on plankton and microplastics; 2) compare field and laboratory experimental findings, and 3) identify knowledge gaps. The systematic review showed that 70% of the 147 relevant scientific publications were from laboratory studies and microplastics interactions with plankton were recorded in 88 taxa. Field study publications were relatively scarce and the characteristics of microplastics collected in the field were very different from those used in laboratory experiments thereby limiting the comparison between studies. Our systematic review highlighted knowledge gaps in: 1) the number of field studies; 2) the non-comparability between laboratory and field conditions, and 3) the low diversity of plankton species studied. Furthermore, this review indicated that while there are many studies on contamination by microplastics, the effects of this contamination (i.e., pollution per se) have been less well-studied, especially in the field at population, community, and ecosystem levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina M Rodrigues
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - Porto University, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar - Porto University, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Michael Elliott
- Department of Biological & Marine Sciences, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK; International Estuarine & Coastal Specialists Ltd, Leven HU17 5LQ, UK
| | - C Marisa R Almeida
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Ramos
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - Porto University, Porto, Portugal
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Simon M, Hartmann NB, Vollertsen J. Accelerated Weathering Increases the Release of Toxic Leachates from Microplastic Particles as Demonstrated through Altered Toxicity to the Green Algae Raphidocelis subcapitata. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9080185. [PMID: 34437503 PMCID: PMC8402562 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9080185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies that evaluate the impact of microplastic particles (MPs) often apply particles of pristine material. However, MPs are affected by various abiotic and biotic processes in the environment that possibly modify their physical and chemical characteristics, which might then result in their altered toxic effect. This study evaluated the consequence of weathering on the release of toxic leachates from microplastics. MPs derived from six marine antifouling paints, end-of-life tires, and unplasticised PVC were exposed to UV-C radiation to simulate weathering. Non-weathered and weathered MPs were leached in algae growth medium for 72 h to demonstrate additive release under freshwater conditions. The model organism, green algae Raphidocelis subcapitata, was exposed to the resulting leachates of both non-weathered and weathered MPs. The results of the growth inhibition tests showed that the leachates of weathered microparticles were more toxic than of the non-weathered material, which was reflected in their lower median effect concentration (EC50) values. Chemical analysis of the leachates revealed that the concentration of heavy metals was several times higher in the leachates of the weathered MPs compared to the non-weathered ones, which likely contributed to the increased toxicity. Our findings suggest including weathered microplastic particles in exposure studies due to their probably differing impact on biota from MPs of pristine materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta Simon
- Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, Thomas Manns vej 23, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Correspondence:
| | - Nanna B. Hartmann
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Jes Vollertsen
- Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, Thomas Manns vej 23, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;
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Elizalde-Velázquez GA, Gómez-Oliván LM. Microplastics in aquatic environments: A review on occurrence, distribution, toxic effects, and implications for human health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146551. [PMID: 33773347 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are fragments, fibers, granules, flakes and spheres with a diameter or length of less than 5 mm. These may eventually end up in the aquatic environment by the progressive breakdown of larger plastics or via domestic and industrial sewage spillage. In order to better understand the current knowledge in this field, we carried out and extensive literature research to retrieve articles mainly focusing on the occurrence and distribution of MPs in aquatic matrix as well as their impacts on aquatic organisms and human derived cells. Once in the environment, MPs may be transported via wind and water movement, affecting their spatial distribution. Furthermore, density may also affect the buoyancy and vertical distribution of these pollutants. Consequently, MPs are ubiquitously distributed in fresh- and marine- water systems, posing a real threat to aquatic organisms. Furthermore, trophic transfer and biomagnification processes represent a viable route for the input of MPs to humans. This paper focuses on (1) Outline the occurrence of MPs in worldwide aquatic ecosystems; (2) Investigate the factors affecting the abundance and distribution of MPs in aquatic ecosystems; (3) Provide an in-depth discussion about the harmful effects that MPs poses to aquatic organisms; (4) Summarizes the possible mechanisms by which MPs may induce toxic effects on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Axel Elizalde-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
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Trestrail C, Walpitagama M, Miranda A, Nugegoda D, Shimeta J. Microplastics alter digestive enzyme activities in the marine bivalve, Mytilus galloprovincialis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146418. [PMID: 33744572 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are eaten by many invertebrates, particularly filter-feeding organisms like mussels. Since microplastics can be retained in the digestive system for extended periods, there is ample opportunity for them to interact with the functions of digestive enzymes. This study determined how the polymer type, size and concentration of ingested spherical microplastics affects the activities of seven key digestive enzymes in the digestive gland of Mytilus galloprovincialis, a common marine mussel. Polymer type significantly affected the activities of carbohydrase enzymes: polystyrene reduced amylase and xylanase activities, and increased cellulase activity. High concentrations of microplastics (5 × 104 microplastics L-1) caused a 2.5-fold increase in total protease activity. The activities of laminarinase, lipases and lipolytic esterases were unaffected by the polymer type, size or concentration of microplastics. Microplastics-induced changes to digestive enzyme activities can affect mussels' ability to acquire energy from food and reduce their energy reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Trestrail
- Ecotoxicology Research Group, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, VIC, Australia; School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, VIC, Australia.
| | - Milanga Walpitagama
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, VIC, Australia; Aquatic Environmental Stress research group (AQUEST), RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, VIC, Australia
| | - Ana Miranda
- Aquatic Environmental Stress research group (AQUEST), RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, VIC, Australia
| | - Dayanthi Nugegoda
- Ecotoxicology Research Group, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, VIC, Australia; Aquatic Environmental Stress research group (AQUEST), RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeff Shimeta
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, VIC, Australia
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45
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Zhao X, Liu Z, Ren X, Duan X. Parental transfer of nanopolystyrene-enhanced tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate induces transgenerational thyroid disruption in zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 236:105871. [PMID: 34058436 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastic is a globally recognized superwaste that can affect human health and wildlife when it accumulates and is amplified in the food chain. Microplastics (plastic particles < 5 mm) and nanoplastics (plastic particles < 100 nm) can interact with organic pollutants already present in the aquatic environment, potentially acting as carriers for pollutants entering organisms and thus influencing the bioavailability and toxicity of those pollutants. In this study, we investigated the transfer kinetics and transgenerational effects of exposure to tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) in F1 offspring. At 90 days postfertilization, zebrafish (Danio rerio) strain AB was exposed to either TDCIPP (0, 0.47, 2.64, or 12.78 μg/L) or PS-NPs (10 mg/L) or their combination for 120 days. The results showed that TDCIPP and PS-NPs accumulated in the gut, gill, head, and liver of the zebrafish in a sex-dependent manner. The presence of PS-NPs promoted the bioaccumulation of TDCIPP in the adult fish and increased the parental transfer of TDCIPP to their offspring. We demonstrate that parental exposure to TDCIPP alone or in combination with PS-NPs induces thyroid disruption in adults, and then leads to thyroid endocrine disruption in their larval offspring. Reduced thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) levels contributed to the observed transgenerational thyroid dysfunction, which inhibited developmental growth and disturbed the transcription of genes and expression of proteins involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in the F1 larvae. The increased transfer of TDCIPP to the offspring in the presence of PS-NPs also enhanced transgenerational thyroid endocrine disruption, demonstrated by a further reduction in T4 and the upregulation of thyroglobulin (tg), uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (ugt1ab), thyroid-stimulating hormone (tshβ), and thyroid hormone receptor (trα) expression in the F1 larvae compared with the effects of parental TDCIPP exposure alone. Overall, our results indicate that the presence of PS-NPs modifies the bioavailability of TDCIPP and aggravates transgenerational thyroid disruption in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province, Siping 136000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Haifeng Street, Tiexi Dist, Siping 136000, China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Haifeng Street, Tiexi Dist, Siping 136000, China
| | - Xin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province, Siping 136000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Haifeng Street, Tiexi Dist, Siping 136000, China.
| | - Xiaoyue Duan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province, Siping 136000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Haifeng Street, Tiexi Dist, Siping 136000, China
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Azevedo-Santos VM, Brito MFG, Manoel PS, Perroca JF, Rodrigues-Filho JL, Paschoal LRP, Gonçalves GRL, Wolf MR, Blettler MCM, Andrade MC, Nobile AB, Lima FP, Ruocco AMC, Silva CV, Perbiche-Neves G, Portinho JL, Giarrizzo T, Arcifa MS, Pelicice FM. Plastic pollution: A focus on freshwater biodiversity. AMBIO 2021; 50:1313-1324. [PMID: 33543362 PMCID: PMC8116388 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are dominant pollutants in freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Scientific studies that investigated the interaction between plastics and freshwater biodiversity are incipient, especially if compared to the marine realm. In this review, we provide a brief overview of plastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems around the world. We found evidence of plastic ingestion by 206 freshwater species, from invertebrates to mammals, in natural or semi-natural ecosystems. In addition, we reported other consequences of synthetic polymers in freshwater ecosystems-including, for instance, the entanglement of animals of different groups (e.g., birds). The problem of plastic pollution is complex and will need coordinated actions, such as recycling programs, correct disposal, stringent legislation, regular inspection, replacement of synthetic polymers with other materials, and ecological restoration. Current information indicates that the situation in freshwater ecosystems may be as detrimental as the pollution found in the ocean, although highly underappreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo F G Brito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia E Conservação, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Pedro S Manoel
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlia F Perroca
- Laboratório de Biologia de Camarões Marinhos E de Água Doce (LABCAM), Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Bauru, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina, Laguna, SC, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Rodrigues-Filho
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina, Laguna, SC, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Planejamento Territorial e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina, Laguna, SC, Brazil
| | - Lucas R P Paschoal
- Faculdade de Tecnologia Nilo de Stéfani (FATEC), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Milena R Wolf
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo C Andrade
- Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática E Pesca da Amazônia and Laboratório de Biologia Pesqueira E Manejo Dos Recursos Aquáticos, Grupo de Ecologia Aquática, Universidade Federal Do Pará, 2651 Avenida Perimetral, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - André B Nobile
- Ictiológica Consultoria Ambiental ME/LTDA, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe P Lima
- Ictiológica Consultoria Ambiental ME/LTDA, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana M C Ruocco
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gilmar Perbiche-Neves
- Laboratório de Plâncton, Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge L Portinho
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Tommaso Giarrizzo
- Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática E Pesca da Amazônia and Laboratório de Biologia Pesqueira E Manejo Dos Recursos Aquáticos, Grupo de Ecologia Aquática, Universidade Federal Do Pará, 2651 Avenida Perimetral, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Marlene S Arcifa
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Pelicice
- Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins, Porto Nacional, TO, Brazil
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47
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An D, Na J, Song J, Jung J. Size-dependent chronic toxicity of fragmented polyethylene microplastics to Daphnia magna. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129591. [PMID: 33453485 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fragmented microplastics (MPs) are emerging contaminants in freshwater environments; however, long-term assessment of their toxicity remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the chronic toxicity (21 d) of synthesized polyethylene MP fragments and commercial polyethylene MP beads to Daphnia magna. Ingestion of small- and large-sized MP fragments (17.23 ± 3.43 and 34.43 ± 13.09 μm, respectively) by D. magna was significantly (p < 0.05) higher, by 8.3 and 5.2 times, respectively, than that of MP beads (39.54 ± 9.74 μm). The survival of D. magna exposed to small- and large-sized MP fragments (20 and 60%, respectively) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of individuals exposed to MP beads (90%). In particular, small-sized MP fragments significantly (p < 0.05) reduced algal feeding (from 95% to 76%), body length (from 4.20 mm to 3.98 mm), and the number of offspring (from 109 to 74) in D. magna, when compared with MP beads, likely due to their longer retention time and greater interference in the digestive tract. These findings suggest that fragmentation of MPs into μm-scale particles can pose a significant ecological risk to aquatic organisms; moreover, further studies are required to identify the underlying toxicity mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahee An
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joorim Na
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Song
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Liu S, Shi J, Wang J, Dai Y, Li H, Li J, Liu X, Chen X, Wang Z, Zhang P. Interactions Between Microplastics and Heavy Metals in Aquatic Environments: A Review. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:652520. [PMID: 33967988 PMCID: PMC8100347 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.652520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), tiny particles broken down from larger pieces of plastics, have accumulated everywhere on the earth. As an inert carbon stream in aquatic environment, they have been reported as carriers for heavy metals and exhibit diverse interactive effects. However, these interactions are still poorly understood, especially mechanisms driving these interactions and how they pose risks on living organisms. In this mini review, a bibliometric analysis in this field was conducted and then the mechanisms driving these interactions were examined, especially emphasizing the important roles of microorganisms on the interactions. Their combined toxic effects and the potential hazards to human health were also discussed. Finally, the future research directions in this field were suggested. This review summarized the recent research progress in this field and highlighted the essential roles of the microbes on the interactions between MPs and heavy metals with the hope to promote more studies to unveil action mechanisms and reduce/eliminate the risks associated with MP presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiafu Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yexin Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianhua Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiyun Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
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49
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Guimarães ATB, Charlie-Silva I, Malafaia G. Toxic effects of naturally-aged microplastics on zebrafish juveniles: A more realistic approach to plastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124833. [PMID: 33352420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We aim at evaluating the toxicity of naturally-aged polystyrene microplastics (MPs) in Danio rerio at intermediate development stage. Animal models were stactically exposed to 4 × 104 and 4 × 106 microparticles/m3 for five days - this concentration is environmentally relevant. We evaluated MP's impact on animals' nutritional status and REDOX balance, as well as its potential neuro- and cytotoxic action on them. Initially, MPs did not induce any change in total carbohydrates, triglycerides and total cholesterol levels. MP accumulation was associated with oxidative stress induction, which was inferred by the nitrite and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels. Furthermore, we observed that such stress was not counterbalanced by increase in the assessed enzymatic (total glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase) and non-enzymatic (total thiols, reduced glutathione and DPPH radical scavenging activity) antioxidants. The association between high acetylcholinesterase activity and numerical changes in neuroblasts distributed on animals' body surface confirmed MP's neurotoxic potential. MP's ability to induce apoptosis and necrosis processes in animals' erythrocytes suggested its cytotoxic action; therefore, the present study is pioneer in providing insight on how MPs can affect young freshwater fish at environmental concentrations. It is essential knowing the magnitude of these pollutants' impact on the ichthyofauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraão Tiago Batista Guimarães
- Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Goiano Federal Institution and Federal University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil; Biological Research Laboratory, Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute - Urata Campus, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ives Charlie-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Goiano Federal Institution and Federal University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil; Biological Research Laboratory, Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute - Urata Campus, Goiás, Brazil.
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50
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Jaikumar IM, Periyakali SB, Rajendran U, Joen-Rong S, Thanasekaran J, Tsorng-Harn F. Effects of Microplastics, Polystyrene, and Polyethylene on Antioxidants, Metabolic Enzymes, HSP-70, and Myostatin Expressions in the Giant River Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Impact on Survival and Growth. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 80:645-658. [PMID: 33772631 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to understand the biological effects of microplastics (MPs), polystyrene microspheres (PSM), and polyethylene microparticles (PEM) in the juveniles of the giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The PSM (0.5-1.0 µm) and PEM (30.0-150.0 µm) were separately incorporated into the artificial diets with concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 mg per 100 g. The prawns were fed with these diets for a period of 60 days. Compared with control, the following dose-dependent changes have been recorded in PSM and PEM incorporated feeds fed prawns: declines in the survival rate, length and weight gains; increase in activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione s-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); elevated concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde; decreased activities of metabolic enzymes, such as glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase; higher total RNA in hepatopancreas (HP) of PSM fed prawns compared with that of PEM; higher total RNA in muscle (MU) of PEM-fed prawns compared with that of PSM; prominent cDNA bands in 150 bp regions; up-regulated heat shock protein (HSP70) gene in HP; down-regulation of HSP70 gene in MU of PSM-fed prawns only; down-regulated myostatin (MSTN) gene. These results suggest that these MPs have affected the survival and growth, activated the antioxidant defense, inhibit the metabolic enzymes, positively regulated the HSP70 gene, and negatively regulated the MSTN gene in M. rosenbergii. Therefore, exposures to PSM and PEM caused biological effects in this species of prawn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sheu Joen-Rong
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Jayakumar Thanasekaran
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Fong Tsorng-Harn
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
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