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Liu Y, Wang W, Zhang J, Li Z. Characteristics and sources of chemical composition in precipitation on the Loess Plateau of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173401. [PMID: 38782269 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Knowing the sources of precipitation chemical composition is essential to understand the biogeochemical cycle and control air pollution. Despite this issue has been directly investigated with precipitation ion contents, the effects of water vapor transport have not been fully considered. Taking the Loess Plateau of China (LPC) as an example study area, this study established nine precipitation monitoring sites considering the variability in topography and rainfall amounts, and collected 435 precipitation samples during 2020-2022 to measure the chemical composition. The correlation analysis, positive matrix factorization model and backward trajectory model were combined to analyze the characteristics, sources and vapor transport effects of precipitation chemical composition. Seasonally, except for NH4+, the concentration of other ions in the dry season was significantly higher than that in the rainy season. Spatially, the concentrations of Ca2+, Na+, K+, SO42- and NO3- peaked in the Mu Us Sandy Land and industrial areas, while the high level of NH4+ was concentrated in the agricultural areas. The source apportionment found that the primary source of precipitation ions was crust (33 %), followed by coal combustion/vehicle (30 %), aged sea salt (21 %) and agriculture (16 %). The trajectory analysis showed that water vapor paths significantly varied with the seasons, but were primarily dominated by the northwestern air mass with proportions of >40 %. The dust aerosols transported by the northwestern air mass were the main contributor to crust-source precipitation ions. The eastern and southeastern air masses transported anthropogenic pollutants to the LPC, and the southeastern air mass also carried sea-salt precipitation ions. This study provides a framework to incorporate hydrochemical method with vapor source identification method for precipitation chemical source identification, and the results can be a theoretical basis for the treatment of atmospheric environmental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wanzhou Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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2
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Zhang L, Wang J, Wang S, Wang C, Yang F, Li T. Chemical characteristics of long-term acid rain and its impact on lake water chemistry: A case study in Southwest China. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:121-131. [PMID: 38135381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of acid rain and its impact on lake water chemistry in Chongqing, China, from 2000 to 2020 were studied in this study. The regional acid rain intensity is affected jointly by the acid gas emissions and the neutralization of alkaline substances. The pH of precipitation experienced three stages of fluctuating decline, continuous improvement, and a slight correction. Precipitation pH showed inflection points in 2010, mainly due to the total control actions of SO2 and NOx implemented in 2011. The total ion concentrations in rural areas and urban areas were 489.08 µeq/L and 618.57 µeq/L, respectively. The top four ions were SO42-, Ca2+, NH4+ and NO3-, which accounted for more than 90% of the total ion concentration, indicating the anthropogenic effects. Before 2010, SO42- fluctuated greatly while NO3- continued to rise; however, after 2010, both SO42- and NO3- began to decline rapidly, with the rates of -12.03 µeq/(L·year) and -4.11 µeq/(L·year). Because the decline rate of SO42- was 2.91 times that of NO3-, the regional acid rain has changed from sulfuric acid rain to mixed sulfuric and nitric acid rain. The lake water is weakly acidic, with an average pH of 5.86, and the acidification frequency is 30.00%. Acidification of lake water is jointly affected by acid deposition and acid neutralization capacity of lake water. Acid deposition has a profound impact on water acidification, and nitrogen (N) deposition, especially reduced N deposition, should be the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyi Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404000, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404000, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Chunbo Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404000, China
| | - Fumo Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404000, China; College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; National Engineering Research Center on Flue Gas Desulfurization, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tingzhen Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404000, China.
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Zeng J, Han G, Wu Q, Peng M, Ge X, Mao S, Wang ZJ, Ma Q. Chemical evolution of rainfall in China's first eco-civilization demonstration city: Implication for the provenance identification of pollutants and rainwater acid neutralization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 910:168567. [PMID: 37981127 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Rainfall chemistry is a vital indicator for reflecting anthropogenic/natural input on atmospheric quality, and the rainfall process is also the main sink of air contaminants, which has received widely concerns by all walks of life. However, the chemical compositions, sources of major solutes, historical evolution, and their determinants of rainwater in Chinese urban area, which is hotspot of atmospheric pollutant emission, are unclear under the dual background of fast economic development and eco-civilization construction. To decipher these issues, the latest year data of observation-based rainwater chemistry and the historical rainwater data, and air pollution data of China's first eco-civilization demonstration city were integrated and studied. The results presented that SO42- (53.4 %) and NO3- (28.8 %), Ca2+ (46.5 %) and NH4+ (37.9 %) dominated the present rainwater anions and cations. The historical changes in the relative proportion of rainwater ions (e.g., the holistic decreasing trend of SO42-) revealed the reduction and management achievement of atmospheric pollutant emission driven by different stages of eco-civilization city construction. The atmospheric components were well removed by rainfall scouring and all the rainwater ions showed obvious temporal variations. The concentrations of most of ions were higher in winter but lower in summer due to the key factors of meteorological factor (mainly rainfall amount) and the seasonal variations of source contribution. The stoichiometry-based source identification and relative contribution calculation reflected that anthropogenic input was the most primary contributor of NO3- (99.4 %) and SO42- (95.4 %), and the contribution of fixed emission source was relatively higher than that of traffic sources. The NH4+ was defined as the anthropogenic input ion (urban wastes and fuel combustion), while all Cl- and Na+ were from oceanic input. In contrast, terrigenous input represented the most important origin of Ca2+, K+, and Mg2+, with relative contribution of 99.5 %, 97.0 %, and 90.7 %, respectively. The high neutralization factor (NF, about 2.0) values and neutralizing to acidifying potential (NP/AP, about 1.7) ratios and their increasing trend in past few decades revealed the fact of rainwater acid being highly neutralized under the background of eco-civilization city construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; North Alabama International College of Engineering and Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guilin Han
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qixin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; North Alabama International College of Engineering and Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Meixue Peng
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xin Ge
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shijun Mao
- North Alabama International College of Engineering and Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhong-Jun Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Zhang Q, Guo X, Zhao T, Jin C, Xiao C, He Y. Atmospheric organic nitrogen deposition around the Danjiangkou Reservoir: Fluxes, characteristics and evidence of agricultural source. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122906. [PMID: 37952919 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) deposition was the substantial component of dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) deposition in the world's nitrogen deposition hot spots areas. However, the information on the importance for DON deposition and its sources was still scarce, which limited the comprehensive assessment of the ecological threat from nitrogen deposition. Six sampling sites around the Danjiangkou Reservoir were set up to collect the dry and wet deposition samples from October 2017 to September 2021. The results showed that dry and wet DTN deposition averaged 34.72 kg ha-1 yr-1 and 22.27 kg ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Dry NH4+-N, NO3--N and DON deposition averaged 14.28 kg ha-1 yr-1, 5.91 kg ha-1 yr-1 and 14.53 kg ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Wet NH4+-N, NO3--N and DON deposition averaged 11.14 kg ha-1 yr-1, 3.89 kg ha-1 yr-1and 7.24 kg ha-1 yr-1, respectively. The contributions of DON to DTN were 41.85% (in dry deposition) and 32.50% (in wet deposition), respectively. Dry DON deposition varied between 26.44 kg ha-1 yr-1 and 9.11 kg ha-1 yr-1, and significantly differed among six sampling sites (P < 0.05). The different intensity of agricultural activities disturbance at the sampling sites was the important reason for the spatial variations of DON deposition. DON deposition was significantly correlated with ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) deposition (P < 0.05). According to the results of positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, agriculture source contributed significantly to the DON deposition, the contributions at six sampling sites ranged from 45.8% to 73.7% in dry deposition, and from 56.8% to 81.6% in wet deposition. In summary, our findings found that agricultural activities were the important factors influencing the spatial patterns of DON deposition around Danjiangkou Reservoir and provided new evidence for the anthropogenic source of DON deposition in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmiao Zhang
- Institute of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Xiaoming Guo
- Institute of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China.
| | - Tongqian Zhao
- Institute of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Chao Jin
- Institute of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Chunyan Xiao
- Institute of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Yuxiao He
- Institute of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
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Zeng J, Han G, Zhang S, Qu R. Nitrate dynamics and source identification of rainwater in Beijing during rainy season: Insight from dual isotopes and Bayesian model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159234. [PMID: 36208764 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic reactive nitrogen emissions have a significant impact on atmospheric chemical composition and earth surface ecosystem. As one of the most important sinks of atmospheric nitrogen, the wet deposition of nitrate (rainwater NO3-) has been widely concerned. Yet, the sources and transformation processes of wet deposited NO3- were not well revealed in megacity during rainy season in the context of global climate change. Here, we investigated the concentrations of nitrogen components and dual isotopes of rainwater nitrate collected in Beijing during July to August 2021 (rainy season). The main findings showed that the concentrations of NH4+-N, NO3--N, and NO2--N ranged 0.5- 6.7 mg L-1, 0.3- 4.5 mg L-1, and 0.05- 0.18 mg L-1, respectively, with the average relative percentages of 69 %, 29 %, and 2 %. The stoichiometry analysis of characteristic ion ratios indicated that the contribution of municipal wastes and agricultural sources to rainwater NH4+-N is relatively significant, while traffics were the major contributor of NO3--N instead of the fixed emission. Rainwater δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- presented slightly 15N-depleted characteristic compared to previous studies with the average values of -3.9 ± 3.1 ‰ and 58.7 ± 12.6 ‰. These isotope compositions suggesting an origin of rainwater NO3- from the mixing of multi-sources and was mainly generated via the pathway of OH radical oxidization. Further source apportionment of rainwater NO3- by Bayesian mixing model evaluated that traffic (30.3 %) and soil (30.3 %) emissions contributed mostly to NO3-, while the contribution of biomass burning (18.8 %) and coal combustion (20.6 %) were relatively lower. This study highlighted the important role of dual isotopes in rainwater nitrate source identification and formation processes in megacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guilin Han
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shitong Zhang
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui Qu
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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6
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Kumar R, Kumar R, Singh A, Arif M, Kumar P, Kumari A. Chemometric approach to evaluate the chemical behavior of rainwater at high altitude in Shaune Garang catchment, Western Himalaya. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12774. [PMID: 35896609 PMCID: PMC9329433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15422-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research has been performed to analyze the chemical behavior of rainwater of the Shaune Garang catchment (32.19° N, 78.20° E) in the Baspa basin, located at a high elevation (4221 m above mean sea level) in the Himachal Himalaya, India. During the study period, sixteen rainwater samples were collected from the Shaune Garang catchment at five different sites. The volume-weighted mean (VWM) pH value of rainwater ranged between 4.59 and 6.73, with an average value of 5.47 ± 0.69, indicating the alkaline nature of rainfall. The total ionic strength in the rainwater ranged from 113.4 to 263.3 µeq/l with an average value of 169.1 ± 40.4 µeq/l. The major dominant cations were Ca2+ (43.10%) and Na+ (31.97%) and anions were Cl− (37.68%), SO42− (28.71%) and NO3− (23.85%) in rainwater. The ionic ratios were calculated among all the ions. The fraction of (NO3− +Cl−) with SO42− was measured as 2.3, which specifies sour faces of rainwater due to HNO3, H2SO4, and HCl. A multivariate statistical assessment of rainwater chemistry through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) shows the significance of four factors controlling 78.37% of the total variance, including four-component (PC1 explained 27.89%, PC2 explained 24.98%, PC3 explained 14.64%, PC4 explained 10.85%). However, the individual contribution of Factor 1(PC1) explains 27.89% of the total variance (78.37%) and displays a strong optimistic loading for Ca2+ and Cl−. Further, high loading of Ca2+ and NO3− and moderate loading of SO42− signify the contribution of burning fossil fuel and soil dust. Anthropogenic and natural pollutants influence the composition of rainwater in the pristine Himalayas due to local and long-distance transportation. The study area receives precipitation from the West and North-West, transporting dust and fossil fuel emissions from the Thar Desert and Northwestern countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Atar Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohammad Arif
- National Institute of Urban Affairs, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Integrated Regional Office, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India, Saifabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anupma Kumari
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna, Bihar, India
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7
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Zhou S, Cong L, Liu J, Zhang Z. Consistency between deposition of particulate matter and its removal by rainfall from leaf surfaces in plant canopies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 240:113679. [PMID: 35640352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The leaf surfaces of plants are important organs for retaining particulate matter (PM). They can be renewed via washout processes (e.g., rainfall), thereby restoring the ability to retain new PM. Most of the current studies have focused on the mechanisms of rainfall characteristics on the renewal of PM on plant leaf surfaces and interspecific differences, while the effects of different leaf heights on PM renewal within the same plant canopy have been less studied. In addition, the dynamics of PM during rainfall, especially the water-soluble ions (WSII) component, are often neglected. This research used Salix matsudana, a tree species with a significant natural height difference between the upper and lower leaves of its canopy, as its study object. Using artificially simulated rainfall, the rainfall intensity was quantified as low, medium, and high (i.e., 30 mm/h, 45 mm/h, and 60 mm/h), and the rainfall process was divided into three sub-stages: pre (0-20 min), mid (20-40 min), and post (40-60 min). The experimental setup was divided into upper (2 m) and lower leaves (1 m) according to the height of the canopy. The concentration and distribution of water-insoluble PM (WIPM) were obtained using the elution weighing method, whereas WSII were obtained using ion chromatography. The dynamics of WIPM and WSII during the removal of PM from the leaf surface by rainfall were studied at different canopy heights, and the results showed that the composition and proportions of WIPM and WSII varied at different stages of the rainfall process and that the concentrations of WIPM and WSII removed from the upper leaves differed slightly from those of the lower leaves. In particular, the concentrations of WIPM and WSII removed from the lower leaves were greater than those from the upper leaves at high rainfall intensity (60 mm/h), showing consistency between rainfall removal of PM from the leaf surface at different heights within the plant canopy and deposition of PM, while at low (30 mm/h) and medium (45 mm/h) rainfall intensities the performance was slightly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Zhou
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ling Cong
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jiakai Liu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China.
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8
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Zhai Y, Liu X, Han J, Zou Y, Huang Y, Wang H, Liu L, Xu M. Study on the removal characteristics of different air pollution control devices for condensable particulate matter in coal-fired power plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:34714-34724. [PMID: 35040059 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17952-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the emissions of condensable particulate matter (CPM) and filterable particulate matter (FPM) in two coal-fired power plants with different air pollution control devices (APCDs). The mechanisms of CPM removed by existing APCDs in coal-fired power plants were explored, and a series of analyses were also carried out on the composition and characteristics of CPM. The results show that the removal efficiencies to CPM by electrostatic-bag-precipitator (EBP) and ESP are 77.34% and 79.23%, respectively, so the difference is not obvious because the interception filtration mechanisms of baghouses for CPM have less effect on CPM compared to FPM. The mechanism of EBP/ESP to remove CPM is mainly electrostatic adsorption and FPM's adsorption. The concentration of CPM decreases when passing through WFGD. However, the WESP can increase the CPM in different ways. For example, the pollution of the circulation of the flushing fluid may cause the increase of CPM. In addition, CPM mainly includes three parts. The first part is organic fractions such as alkanes and esters; the second is the water-soluble ions that include SO42-, NH4+, and Cl-; and the third is Na, Ca, and other minerals. The research in this study is helpful to understand the impact of existing APCDs in coal-fired power plants on CPM and the sources of CPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Jingkun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yue Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yubo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huakun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Minghou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Ahmed MS, Bhuyan P, Sarkar S, Hoque RR. Seven-year study of monsoonal rainwater chemistry over the mid-Brahmaputra plain, India: assessment of trends and source regions of soluble ions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:25276-25295. [PMID: 34839462 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work is a 7-year study of monsoonal rainwater chemistry (n = 302), over mid-Brahmaputra plain during 2012 to 2018. The samples were analyzed for major chemical parameters viz. pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and ions (SO42-, NO3-, Br-, Cl-, F-, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, NH4+, Na+, and Li+) to assess the chemistry. The mean pH of rainwater varied among the years, which was maximum in 2018 (6.18 ± 0.72) and minimum in the year 2014 (5.39 ± 0.54), and the variations were significant at p < 0.0001. Ridgeline plots were drawn to visualize interannual variations, which revealed that Ca2+ was the dominant cation in the early years, whereas NH4+ prevailed in the latter years. Mann-Kendall analysis and Sen's slope statistical tests were employed, and it was found that all the ions showed positive S values indicating increasing trends. Enrichment factors (EF) of K+, SO42-, and NO3- were found to be high with respect to both soil and seawater suggesting the influence of emissions from fossil fuel and biomass burning in the chemistry of rainwater. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to identify the sources of rain constituents, and five factors were obtained explaining crustal dust, biomass burning, fossil fuel combustion, agricultural emissions, and coal burning as possible sources. Airmass back trajectory clusters and Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) were computed by application of HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model to appreciate the terrestrial influence on the chemistry. The results indicated inputs from both local and regional dust and anthropogenic constituents that influenced the monsoonal rainwater chemistry over Brahmaputra Valley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahbaz Ahmed
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Pranamika Bhuyan
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
- Department of Environmental Studies, Assam Women's University, Jorhat, India
| | - Sayantan Sarkar
- School of Engineering, IIT Mandi, Suran, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Raza R Hoque
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India.
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Du J, Qv W, Niu Y, Yuan S, Zhang L, Yang H, Zhang Y. Co-exposures of acid rain and ZnO nanoparticles accelerate decomposition of aquatic leaf litter. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:128141. [PMID: 34968844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pattern of acid rain is dependent on the ratio of SO42- and NO3-, which change may affect the dissolution activity of dull heavy metals in the aquatic environment and further complicate the ongoing challenge of ecosystem stability and increase risks. In this study, we assessed the combined effects of acid rain (SO42-: NO3- was 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2) and ZnO nanoparticles (30 ng L-1) on plant litter decomposition through a microcosm experiment. The highest dissolution of ZnO nanoparticles was achieved when the SO42-: NO3- ratio was 1:2, and there were no significant differences among other treatments. The fungal biomass showed significant decreases under acute exposures but tended to be adaptive during chronic exposures. The co-exposure significantly stimulated the activities of leucine-aminopeptidase, glycine-aminopeptidase, polyphenol oxidase, and cellobiohydrolase. Besides, the fungal diversity and the relative abundance of some functional genera (e.g. Anguillospora) were enhanced when the SO42-: NO3- ratio was 1:2 and 2:1. In conclusion, the decomposition rate of plant litter was increased by 123-204% by co-exposures. Collectively, the findings underline the importance of considering environmental context to assess nanoparticle toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Du
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Treatment and Resource, China National Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Henan Province, China.
| | - Wenrui Qv
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yulong Niu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuaikang Yuan
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingyan Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huilian Yang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Qiu Y, Felix JD. Hurricane/tropical storm rainwater chemistry in the US (from 2008 to 2019). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149009. [PMID: 34325146 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rainwater chemistry of extreme rain events is not well characterized. This is despite an increasing trend in intensity and frequency of extreme events and the potential excess loading of elements to ecosystems that can rival annual loading. Thus, an assessment of the loading imposed by hurricane/tropical storm (H/TS) can be valuable for future resiliency strategies. Here the chemical characteristics of H/TS and normal rain (NR) in the US from 2008 to 2019 were determined from available National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) data by correlating NOAA storm tracks with NADP rain collection locations. It found the average pH of H/TS (5.37) was slightly higher (p < 0.05) than that of NR (5.12). On average, H/TS events deposited 14% of rain volume during hurricane season (May to October) at affected collection sites with a maximum contribution reaching 47%. H/TS events contributed a mean of 12% of Ca2+, 22% of Mg2+, 18% of K+, 25% of Na+, 7% of NH4+, 6% of NO3-, 25% of Cl- and 11% of SO42- during hurricane season with max loading of 77%, 62%, 94%, 65%, 39%, 34%, 64% and 60%, respectively, which can lead to ecosystems exceeding ion-specific critical loads. Four potential sources (i.e., marine, soil dust, agriculture and industry/fossil fuel) were indicated by PCA. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) suggested Mg2+, Na+ and Cl- were primarily marine-originated in both event types, while 36% more sea-salt Ca2+ and 33% more sea-salt SO42- were deposited during H/TS. Agriculture and industry/fossil fuel were the main sources of NH4+ and NO3-, respectively, in both rain event types. However the NH4+ contribution from industry/fossil fuel increased by 13% during H/TS indicating a potential vehicle source associated with emergency evacuations. This work provides a comprehensive assessment of the rainwater chemistry of H/TS and insight to expected ecosystem loading for future extreme events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Qiu
- Physical and Environmental Sciences Department, Texas A & M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, United States of America; Center for Water Supply Studies, Texas A & M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, United States of America.
| | - Joseph David Felix
- Physical and Environmental Sciences Department, Texas A & M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, United States of America; Center for Water Supply Studies, Texas A & M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, United States of America
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12
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Cui L, Ma Q, Li R, Fu H, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Chen Y. High-resolution estimation of ambient sulfate concentration over Taiwan Island using a novel ensemble machine-learning model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26007-26017. [PMID: 33483921 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy loadings of sulfate aerosol trigger haze formation and pose great damage to human health in Taiwan Island. Nevertheless, high-resolution spatiotemporal variation of ambient sulfate across Taiwan Island still remained unknown because of the scarce monitoring sites. Thus, we developed a novel ensemble model named extreme gradient boosting coupled with geographically and temporally weighted regression (XGBoost-GTWR) to predict the high-resolution sulfate concentration (0.05°) based on satellite data, assimilated meteorology, and the output of chemical transport models (CTMs). The result suggested that XGBoost-GTWR model outperformed other five models in predicting the sulfate concentration with the highest R2 value (R2 = 0.58) and the lowest relative mean square error (RMSE = 1.96 μg/m3). Besides, the transferability of the XGBoost-GTWR model was also validated based on the ground-level sulfate data in 2019. The result suggested that the R2 value of the extrapolation equation (0.53) did not show notable decrease compared with the 10-fold cross-validation result (0.58), indicating that the model was robust to predict the sulfate concentration. The ambient sulfate concentration in Taiwan Island displayed featured spatial variation with the highest one in Southwest Taiwan and the lowest one in Northeast Taiwan, respectively. It was assumed that the higher anthropogenic emission combined with the adverse meteorological condition led to the higher sulfate level in the southwestern coastal region. The ambient sulfate concentration exhibited significantly seasonal variation with the highest value in spring (5.65 ± 0.84 μg/m3), followed by those in winter (5.45 ± 1.25 μg/m3) and autumn (4.60 ± 0.80 μg/m3), and the lowest one in summer (3.80 ± 0.65 μg/m3). The higher sulfate concentration in spring was mainly contributed by the dense biomass burning and scarce rainfall amount. The present study develops a novel model to capture the high-resolution sulfate map and provides basic data for effective regulations of air pollution and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwei Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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Li L, Li H, Peng L, Li Y, Zhou Y, Chai F, Mo Z, Chen Z, Mao J, Wang W. Characterization of precipitation in the background of atmospheric pollutants reduction in Guilin: Temporal variation and source apportionment. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 98:1-13. [PMID: 33097139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rainfall samples were collected from three observation sites in Guilin from 2013 to 2017, and the chemical composition characteristics of precipitation and the contribution made by different ion sources were analyzed when atmospheric pollutants levels were reduced. The results showed that acid gas emissions and atmospheric pollutant concentrations continued to decline during the study period. However, the change in the volume-weighted mean pH at the three sites suggested that acid rain pollution was not alleviated and began to deteriorate after 2015. The continuing downward trend for alkaline neutralizing ions (Ca2+, NH4+) in precipitation indicated that the reduction in alkaline neutralizing substances in the atmosphere was an important factor that led to the deterioration in acid rain across Guilin. The principal component analysis and spearman correlation analysis indicated five sources of ions in precipitation. Quantitative assessment of these five sources indicated that fossil fuel combustion contributed the most ions concentration in precipitation at the three sites, followed by agriculture, terrestrial (crustal) sources, marine sources, and biomass burning. Long-distance airflow might affect the acidity, the electrical conductivity (EC), and ion concentrations in precipitation across Guilin. The airflow trajectory from the west and southeast directions corresponded to higher acidity and ion concentrations. According to the current air pollution control strategy planned by Guilin, reducing atmospheric coarse particles and NH3 at the same time may potentially lead to further deteriorations in acid rain contents. Therefore, Guilin needs to develop more reasonable pollution prevention measures that synergistically control atmospheric pollutants and acid rain pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Liang Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yongshan Li
- Guilin Environmental Monitoring Center Station, Guilin 541002, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Guilin Environmental Monitoring Center Station, Guilin 541002, China
| | - Fahe Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhaoyu Mo
- Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Jingying Mao
- Institute of Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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14
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Zeng J, Yue FJ, Li SL, Wang ZJ, Wu Q, Qin CQ, Yan ZL. Determining rainwater chemistry to reveal alkaline rain trend in Southwest China: Evidence from a frequent-rainy karst area with extensive agricultural production. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115166. [PMID: 32682186 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rainwater chemistry plays an important role in the earth-surficial ecosystem, but studies on rainwater chemical composition of karst agro-ecosystem are rare. To explore the rainwater alkalization and the provenance of components responsible for neutralization, two-years chemical monitoring of rainwater was carried out in a karst agricultural catchment in Southwest China. The main findings suggest that SO42-, NO3-, Ca2+, and NH4+ are the principal ions. All the ionic contents show distinctly seasonal variation (highest in winter) in response to variations in seasonal precipitation because the rain-scour process can efficiently remove atmospheric materials. Source identification indicates that Cl- and Na+ are mainly derived from marine input whereas SO42- and NO3- are controlled by anthropogenic emission, in particular, fixed emission sources. The source of NH4+ is attributed to intense agricultural production, while Ca2+ and Mg2+ are mainly derived from calcite dissolution. The rainwater alkalization caused by the seasonal acid neutralization (via basic components, Ca2+ and NH4+) is beneficial to crop growth but also reflect agricultural overfertilization. Sulfur controlled the total wet acid deposition (68%-94%) and could be a potential agent of weathering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fu-Jun Yue
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anshun, 562100, China.
| | - Si-Liang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anshun, 562100, China
| | - Zhong-Jun Wang
- Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anshun, 562100, China
| | - Qixin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard, Ministry of Land and Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Cai-Qing Qin
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ze-Long Yan
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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15
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Liu XJ, Xu W, Du EZ, Tang AH, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wen Z, Hao TX, Pan YP, Zhang L, Gu B, Zhao Y, Shen JL, Zhou F, Gao ZL, Feng Z, Chang YH, Goulding K, Collett J, Vitousek PM, Zhang F. Environmental impacts of nitrogen emissions in China and the role of policies in emission reduction. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190324. [PMID: 32981443 PMCID: PMC7536030 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) has been a cause of serious environmental pollution in China. Historically, China used too little Nr in its agriculture to feed its population. However, with the rapid increase in N fertilizer use for food production and fossil fuel consumption for energy supply over the last four decades, increasing gaseous Nr species (e.g. NH3 and NOx) have been emitted to the atmosphere and then deposited as wet and dry deposition, with adverse impacts on air, water and soil quality as well as plant biodiversity and human health. This paper reviews the issues associated with this in a holistic way. The emissions, deposition, impacts, actions and regulations for the mitigation of atmospheric Nr are discussed systematically. Both NH3 and NOx make major contributions to environmental pollution but especially to the formation of secondary fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which impacts human health and light scattering (haze). In addition, atmospheric deposition of NH3 and NOx causes adverse impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems due to acidification and eutrophication. Regulations and practices introduced by China that meet the urgent need to reduce Nr emissions are explained and resulting effects on emissions are discussed. Recommendations for improving future N management for achieving 'win-win' outcomes for Chinese agricultural production and food supply, and human and environmental health, are described. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Air quality, past present and future'.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. J. Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, School of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- e-mail:
| | - W. Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, School of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - E. Z. Du
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, and School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - A. H. Tang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, School of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Y. Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, School of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Y. Y. Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, School of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Z. Wen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, School of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - T. X. Hao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, School of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Y. P. Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - L. Zhang
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - B. J. Gu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Y. Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse and School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - J. L. Shen
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - F. Zhou
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Z. L. Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Z. Z. Feng
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Y. H. Chang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - K. Goulding
- Department of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - J. L. Collett
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - P. M. Vitousek
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94016, USA
| | - F. S. Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, School of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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16
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Wu Y, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Ruan L, Li A, Liu X. Microbiome in Healthy Women Between Two Districts With Different Air Quality Index. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:548618. [PMID: 33193129 PMCID: PMC7604314 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.548618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the diversity and abundance of skin microbiome are mainly determined by intrinsic factors, including gender, age, anatomical site, and ethnicity, we question whether facial microbiome could be affected by long-term exposure to airborne pollution. Using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing, we analyzed the facial bacterial microbiome of healthy and young Chinese women (25-35 years old) between two districts with different air quality indices (AQIs) in Zhejiang Province. The overall microbiome structure was obviously different between these two districts. It revealed an increase in both the abundance and diversity of facial bacterial microbiome in Hangzhou (HZ) with higher AQI compared with those in Yunhe (YH) with lower AQI. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and Lefse analysis identified a total of 45 genera showing significant overrepresentation in the HZ group. Furthermore, PICRUSt analysis showed that functional pathways associated with metabolism of saturated fatty acid were relatively more predominant in the HZ group, whereas those with DNA repair or mitochondrial DNA replication were more predominant in the YH group. Our present data can provide useful information for further researches on the composition and function of the skin microbiome related to air pollution factors as well as for the development of therapeutic agents targeting the microbes and their metabolites to resist damages of airborne pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zujin Wang
- Department of the Second General Surgeon, The Yunhe People’s Hospital, Yunhe, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liming Ruan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ang Li
- Physician Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Henan Gene Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Maji KJ, Sarkar C. Spatio-temporal variations and trends of major air pollutants in China during 2015-2018. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:33792-33808. [PMID: 32535826 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese government, as a policy response, has continued to invest efforts and resources to implement cost-effective air pollution control technologies and stringent regulation to reduce emissions from the most contributing sectors to protect the environment and public health. The higher density of monitoring stations (> 1600) distributed across China provides a timely opportunity to use them to study in detail the national pollution trends in light of more stringent air pollution control policies. In the present study, air quality datasets comprising hourly concentrations of PM2.5, O3, NO2, and SO2 collected across 1309, 1341, 1289, and 1347 monitoring stations respectively were obtained from the National Environmental Monitoring Centre over 4 years (2015-2018) and trend analysis was performed. Results indicate that the overall annual trends for PM2.5 and SO2 were - 2.9 ± 2.7 and - 3.2 ± 3.2 μg/m3/year, while the winter trends were - 4.8 ± 5.8 and - 6.9 ± 8.4 μg/m3/year respectively across China. The daily maximum 8-h average (DMA8) ozone concentration showed a significant positive trend of 2.4 ± 4.6 μg/m3/year, which was comparatively higher in summer at 4.4 ± 9.0 μg/m3/year. On the other side, NO2 trend is not great in number (- 0.45 ± 2.0 μg/m3/year). Overall, 62.2%, 61.8%, and 20.9% of PM2.5, SO2, and NO2 monitoring stations were associated with a negative trend of ≥ - 2 μg/m3/year. For O3 DMA8 concentrations, 50.7% of the monitoring stations showed a significant positive trend of ≥ 2 μg/m3/year. In light of the Chinese government's increasing impetus on combating air pollution and climate change via new policy regulations, it is important to understand the spatio-temporal distributions and relative contributions of the spectrum of gaseous pollutants to the pollution loads as well as identify changing emission loads across sectors. The results of this study will facilitate the formulation of evidence-based air pollution reduction strategies and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Jyoti Maji
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Chinmoy Sarkar
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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18
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Du J, Qv M, Zhang Y, Cui M, Zhang H. Simulated sulfuric and nitric acid rain inhibits leaf breakdown in streams: A microcosm study with artificial reconstituted fresh water. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110535. [PMID: 32224368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain containing SO42- and NO3- in China has been a public concern for decades. However, a decrease of SO2 has been recorded since the government enacted a series of policies to control its emission. To comprehensively evaluate the consequence of realistic and future acid deposition scenarios, this study explored the effects of mixed acid rain with different molar ratios of SO42- and NO3- (0:1, 1:0, 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2) on stream leaf breakdown through a microcosm experiment. A significant inhibition of leaf breakdown rate was observed when the ratio was 1:2 with reduced microcosm pH, fungal biomass, enzyme activities as well as the frequencies of hub general in the fungal community. In conclusion, the ratio of SO42- and NO3- in acid rain was an important factor that could have a profound impact on leaf breakdown, even on ecosystem structure and functioning of streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Du
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Treatment and Resource, China National Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Henan Province, China.
| | - Mingxiang Qv
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minghui Cui
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Treatment and Resource, China National Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Henan Province, China
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19
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Zhang H, Xu Y, Cheng S, Li Q, Yu H. Application of the dual-isotope approach and Bayesian isotope mixing model to identify nitrate in groundwater of a multiple land-use area in Chengdu Plain, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:137134. [PMID: 32070893 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) contamination in groundwater is an environmental problem worldwide. Partitioning the pollution into its sources is the key for effective controls. In this study, NO3- dual isotopic compositions (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-) were measured in groundwater samples from 28 wells in an area with multiple land-uses, followed by the application of an isotope mixing model (SIAR) to identify the main NO3- sources and their biogeochemical processes. The results showed that denitrification was unlikely occur at significant rates, while nitrification was an important nitrogen transformation processes. Spatial variation of groundwater NO3- and its isotopic compositions was associated with the land-use types. Agricultural areas were characterized by relatively high NO3- concentrations and low δ15N-NO3- values. In contrast, industrial areas were characterized by enriched δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- values. In crop field, vegetable field and poultry and livestock breading farm, the proportional contribution represented a similar pattern with highest contribution from chemical fertilizer followed by soil organic nitrogen, manure, atmospheric precipitation and sewage in order. Nitrate in groundwater in industrial areas has different pattern of the proportional contribution, in which groundwater NO3- is largely influenced by sewage discharge and atmospheric precipitation. We concluded that the combination of isotopic analysis together with land-use information and chemical analysis was an effective approach for assessing the source apportionment and the fate of nitrate in the aquifer in multiple land-use areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Faulty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yi Xu
- Faulty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Siqian Cheng
- Faulty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Qiling Li
- Faulty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Haoran Yu
- Faulty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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