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Di S, Wang J, Zhai Y, Chen P, Ning T, Shi C, Yang H, Bao Y, Gao Q, Zhu S. Efficient activation of peroxymonosulfate mediated by Co(II)-CeO 2 as a novel heterogeneous catalyst for the degradation of refractory organic contaminants: Degradation pathway, mechanism and toxicity assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:129013. [PMID: 35523092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of Co(II)-CeO2 mixed metal oxides were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal-calcination procedure for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and degrading toxic and difficult biodegradable organics. Co(II)-CeO2 showed excellent degradation performance toward rhodamine B (RhB), toluidine blue, methylene blue and diclofenac. RhB is a refractory organic contaminant, and ecotoxicological evaluation unraveled its harmfulness to the biosphere. RhB was selected as the model pollutant to investigate catalytic mechanisms. Parameters affecting degradation performance were profoundly investigated, including Co:Ce feed ratio, initial pH, PMS dosage, catalyst dosage, RhB concentration, coexisting ions and reaction temperature. Reaction mechanisms were proposed based on density functional theory calculations and identifications of reactive oxygen species. Improvements have been achieved in seven aspects compared to previous studies, including 100% degradation ratio in both real water samples and each reuse of the catalyst, ultrafast degradation rate, cost-effectiveness of the catalyst, toxicity-attenuation provided by the developed degradation method, high degree of mineralization for the model pollutant, negligible leaching of active sites, and the enhancement of catalytic performance by utilizing trace leached cobalt, endowing the technique with broad applicability and prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Di
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yixin Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tao Ning
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chunxiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hucheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yue Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shukui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Jing Y, Singh V, Chen L, Pawliszyn J. High-throughput biomonitoring of organophosphate flame-retardant metabolites in urine via 96-blade solid-phase microextraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2021; 232:122466. [PMID: 34074438 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are widely used in consumer products and building materials, but their propensity for migration poses a problem with respect to polluting indoor environments, water, soil, and dust. OPFR metabolites in urine samples are appropriate biomarkers for assessing exposure risk levels. In this paper, a high-throughput method that couples 96-blade solid-phase microextraction with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPME-UPLC-MS/MS) is applied for the simultaneous detection of four OPFR metabolites in urine samples. The results indicated that the best extraction was achieved using 96 blades coated with hydrophilic-lipophilic balance weak anion exchange (HLB-WAX). The proposed SPME method's extraction efficiency was maximized by optimizing extraction time, pH value, desorption solution, desorption volume, and desorption time, and it was validated in accordance with the Food and Drug Administration's guidelines. The findings indicated that the proposed method has a wide linearity range (0.5-100 ng mL-1) and low detection limits (0.09-0.14 ng mL-1). The method's accuracy ranged from 98% to 118%, with intra-day precision ranging from 1% to 10%. In contrast, inter-day precision ranged from 3% to 16%. Accuracy was also evaluated using independent urine samples, which ranged from 78% to 124% with corresponding relative standard deviations (1%-16%). Ultimately, DoCP was detected in two real samples at a concentration of 0.5-1.1 ng mL-1, and BEHP was detected at a concentration of 0.2-1.2 ng mL-1. Overall, the proposed SPME-UPLC-MS/MS method is reliable, accurate, and capable of simultaneously determining four OPFR metabolites in urine samples and screening them to assess exposure risk for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada; Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium(1)
| | - Liqin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Yu J, Di S, Yu H, Ning T, Yang H, Zhu S. Insights into the structure-performance relationships of extraction materials in sample preparation for chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1637:461822. [PMID: 33360779 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sample preparation is one of the most crucial steps in analytical processes. Commonly used methods, including solid-phase extraction, dispersive solid-phase extraction, dispersive magnetic solid-phase extraction, and solid-phase microextraction, greatly depend on the extraction materials. In recent decades, a vast number of materials have been studied and used in sample preparation for chromatography. Due to the unique structural properties, extraction materials significantly improve the performance of extraction devices. Endowing extraction materials with suitable structural properties can shorten the pretreatment process and improve the extraction efficiency and selectivity. To understand the structure-performance relationships of extraction materials, this review systematically summarizes the structural properties, including the pore size, pore shape, pore volume, accessibility of active sites, specific surface area, functional groups and physicochemical properties. The mechanisms by which the structural properties influence the extraction performance are also elucidated in detail. Finally, three principles for the design and synthesis of extraction materials are summarized. This review can provide systematic guidelines for synthesizing extraction materials and preparing extraction devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Di
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tao Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hucheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shukui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
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