1
|
Li J, Liang E, Deng C, Li B, Cai H, Ma R, Xu Q, Liu J, Wang T. Labile dissolved organic matter (DOM) and nitrogen inputs modified greenhouse gas dynamics: A source-to-estuary study of the Yangtze River. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121318. [PMID: 38387270 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Although rivers are increasingly recognized as essential sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) to the atmosphere, few systematic efforts have been made to reveal the drivers of spatiotemporal variations of dissolved GHG (dGHG) in large rivers under increasing anthropogenic stress and intensified hydrological cycling. Here, through a source-to-estuary survey of the Yangtze River in March (spring) and October (autumn) of 2018, we revealed that labile dissolved organic matter (DOM) and nitrogen inputs remarkably modified the spatiotemporal distribution of dGHG. The average partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), CH4 and N2O concentrations of all sampling sites in the Yangtze River were 1015 ± 225 μatm, and 87.5± 36.5 nmol L-1, and 20.3 ± 6.6 nmol L-1, respectively, significantly lower than the global average. In terms of longitudinal and seasonal variations, higher GHG concentrations were observed in the middle-lower reach in spring. The dominant drivers of spatiotemporal variations in dGHG were labile, protein-like DOM components and nitrogen level. Compared with the historical data of dGHG from published literature, we found a significant increase in N2O concentrations in the Yangtze River during 2004-2018, and the increasing trend was consistent with the rising riverine nitrogen concentrations. Our study emphasized the critical roles of labile DOM and nitrogen inputs in driving the spatial hotspots, seasonal variations and annual trends of dGHG. These findings can contribute to constraining the global GHG budget estimations and controls of GHG emission in large rivers in response to global change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Enhang Liang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Chunfang Deng
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Hetong Cai
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Ruoqi Ma
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, PR China; General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100120, PR China
| | - Qiang Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 15030, PR China
| | - Jiaju Liu
- Research Center for Integrated Control of Watershed Water Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li X, Yu R, Wang J, Sun H, Lu C, Liu X, Ren X, Zhuang S, Guo Z, Lu X. Fluxes in CO 2 and CH 4 and influencing factors at the sediment-water interface in a eutrophic saline lake. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118314. [PMID: 37343475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Although saline aquatic ecosystems are significant emitters of greenhouse gases (GHGs), dynamic changes in GHGs at the sediment-water interface remain unclear. The present investigation carried out a total of four sampling campaigns in Daihai Lake, which is a eutrophic saline lake situated in a semi-arid area of northern China. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatio-temporal dynamics of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes at the sediment-water interface and the influencing factors. The mean concentrations of porewater CO2 and CH4 were 44.98 ± 117.99 μmol L-1 and 124.36 ± 97.00 μmol L-1, far exceeding those in water column of 11.14 ± 2.16 μmol L-1 and 0.33 ± 0.23 μmol L-1, respectively. The CO2 and CH4 fluxes at the sediment-water interface (FS-WCO2 and FS-WCH4) exhibited significant spatial and temporal variations, with mean values of 9.24 ± 13.84 μmol m-2 d-1 and 3.53 ± 4.36 μmol m-2 d-1, respectively, indicating that sediment is the source of CO2 and CH4 in the water column. However, CO2 and CH4 fluxes were much lower than those measured at the water-air interface in a companion study (17.54 ± 14.54 mmol m-2d-1 and 0.50 ± 0.50 mmol m-2d-1, respectively), indicating that the diffusive flux of gases at the sediment-water interface was not the primary source of CO2 and CH4 emissions to the atmosphere. Regression and correlation analyses revealed that salinity (Sal) and nutrients were the most influential factors on porewater gas concentrations, and that gas fluxes increased with increasing gas concentrations and porosity. The microbial activity of sediment is greatly affected by nutrients and Sal. Additionally, Sal has the ability to regulate biogeochemical processes, thereby regulating GHG emissions. The present investigation addresses the research gap concerning GHG emissions from sediments of eutrophic saline lakes. The study suggests that controlling the eutrophication and salinization of lakes could be a viable strategy for reducing carbon emissions from lakes. However, further investigations are required to establish more conclusive results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Ruihong Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China; Key Laboratory of Mongolian Plateau Ecology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Hohhot, 010070, China; Autonomous Region Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrated Management of Water Resources and Water Environment in the Inner Mongolia Reaches of the Yellow River, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Heyang Sun
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Changwei Lu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Xiaohui Ren
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Shuai Zhuang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Zhiwei Guo
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Xixi Lu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China; Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 17570, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rashid A, Ayub M, Bundschuh J, Gao X, Ullah Z, Ali L, Li C, Ahmad A, Khan S, Rinklebe J, Ahmad P. Geochemical control, water quality indexing, source distribution, and potential health risk of fluoride and arsenic in groundwater: Occurrence, sources apportionment, and positive matrix factorization model. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132443. [PMID: 37666175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F-), and arsenic (As) in the groundwater cause health problems in developing countries, including Pakistan. We evaluated the occurrence, distribution, sources apportionment, and health hazards of F-, and As in the groundwater of Mardan, Pakistan. Therefore, groundwater samples (n = 130) were collected and then analyzed for F-, and As by ion-chromatography (IC) and Inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). The F-, and As concentrations in groundwater were 0.7-14.4 mg/L and 0.5-11.2 µg/L. Relatively elevated F-, and As coexists with higher pH, Na+, HCO3-, SO4-2, and depleted Ca+2 due to fluoride, sulfide-bearing minerals, and anthropogenic inputs. Both F-, and/or As are transported in subsurface water through adsorption and desorption processes. Groundwater samples 45%, and 14.2% exceeded the WHO guidelines of 1.5 mg/L and 10 µg/L. Water quality indexing (WQI-model) declared that 35.7% samples are unfit for household purposes. Saturation and undersaturation of minerals showed precipitation and mineral dissolution. Groundwater contamination by PCA-MLR and PMF-model interpreted five factors. The fitting results and R2 values of PMF (0.52-0.99)>PCA-MLR (0.50-0.95) showed high accuracy of PMF-model. Human health risk assessment (HHRA-model) revealed high non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk for children than adults. The percentile recovery of F- and As was recorded 98%, and 95% with reproducibility ± 5% error.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rashid
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, 21300, Pakistan
| | - Jochen Bundschuh
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xubo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zahid Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Liaqat Ali
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Chengcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Iqbal J, Amin G, Su C, Haroon E, Baloch MYJ. Assessment of landcover impacts on the groundwater quality using hydrogeochemical and geospatial techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-29628-w. [PMID: 37702864 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29628-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater quality is influenced by urbanization and land use land cover (LULC) changes. This study investigated their impact on groundwater quality in Quetta City, Pakistan, from 2015 to 2021. About 58 groundwater samples from monitoring wells were analyzed using hydrogeochemical and statistical methods. The water quality index (WQI), Wilcox, USSL, and various agricultural indices were employed to assess water quality trends. LULC analysis and NDVI using Sentinel-2 imagery revealed increased urban and agricultural areas and decreased barren land. Rapid urbanization was evident, with the buildup class expanding by 7.50% during this period. NDVI findings emphasized monitoring vegetation health and water quality for environmental assessments. The groundwater in Quetta was primarily classified as Cl-Ca·Mg, Cl-Ca, and Cl-Na according to the Piper diagram, with water-rock interactions and rock weathering evident. Most groundwater samples were suitable for irrigation according to the Wilcox and USSL diagrams. The WQI demonstrated overall safety for human consumption, but declining WQI values in northern parts due to urbanization are concerning. The results also revealed a moderate positive relationship between landcover classes and WQI values. It can be concluded that urbanization and excessive use of pesticides contributed to declining agricultural land quality. The spatial overlay of agricultural indices with landcover class suggested that barren land was most suitable, followed by build-up and agriculture were suitable for drinking and agriculture purposes. Moreover, agricultural indices moderately declined due to excessive fertilizers and pesticides in the agriculture landcover class. Thus, effective water resource management is crucial to address challenges. This comprehensive study serves as a baseline for future research and recommends larger-scale studies to implement efficient management strategies, urbanization planning, and safe irrigation and drinking water practices to prevent groundwater pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javed Iqbal
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences Wuhan, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Gomal Amin
- Aga Khan Agency for Habitat (AKAH) Pakistan, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
- Earth & Atmospheric Remote Sensing Lab (EARL), Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Chunli Su
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences Wuhan, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | | | - Muhammad Yousuf Jat Baloch
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huo P, Liu Y, Xu C, Zhang X, Jia H, Gao P. Characteristics of dissolved N 2O and indirect N 2O emission factor in the groundwater of high nitrate leaching areas in northwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161641. [PMID: 36649766 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated high concentrations of dissolved N2O and indirect N2O emission factors in groundwater affected by agriculture. However, the characteristics of seasonal and vertical dimensional difference in groundwater in high nitrate leaching areas are relatively lacking. We monitored the concentrations of dissolved and wellhead N2O of 23 groundwater wells over a one year period to understand the seasonal characteristics of dissolved and wellhead N2O concentrations and indirect N2O emission factors (EF5) of the shallow and deep groundwater in a high nitrogen leaching area and analyze the reasons for their differences. The mean dissolved N2O concentration in groundwater was 9.71 (9.03) μg/L, which was 1.5-fold higher during the wet season relative to the dry season. Furthermore, the leaching of soil N2O caused by rainfall and irrigation could be a pivotal factor affecting seasonal variation in the dissolved N2O. Shallow wells were found to have higher dissolved and wellhead N2O concentrations compared with deep wells in all seasons. The low wellhead N2O concentrations during the dry season were attributed to the seasonal decrease of the groundwater table and dissolved N2O concentrations. We concluded that indirect N2O emission factors did not vary in the vertical dimension but were higher during the wet season than that during the dry season. In addition, the mean indirect N2O emission factor in the groundwater was 0.025 %, which was one order of magnitude below the current IPCC value (0.25 %). Thus, we proposed that such a low indirect N2O emissions factor could imply a low indirect N2O emission potential in groundwater with high dissolved oxygen and nitrogen loads. Our study further indicated that seasonal differences in dissolved N2O concentrations and indirect N2O emission factors should be considered when estimating the potential emissions of dissolved N2O in groundwater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Huo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yike Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haoxin Jia
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rõõm EI, Lauringson V, Laas A, Kangro K, Viik M, Meinson P, Cremona F, Nõges P, Nõges T. Summer greenhouse gas fluxes in different types of hemiboreal lakes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156732. [PMID: 35716743 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lakes are considered important regulators of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG). We estimated late summer open water GHG fluxes in nine hemiboreal lakes in Estonia classified under different lake types according to the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). We also used the WFD typology to provide an improved estimate of the total GHG emission from all Estonian lakes with a gross surface area of 2204 km2 representing 45,227 km2 of hemiboreal landscapes (the territory of Estonia). The results demonstrate largely variable CO2 fluxes among the lake types with most active emissions from Alkalitrophic (Alk), Stratified Alkalitrophic (StratAlk), Dark Soft and with predominant binding in Coastal, Very Large, and Light Soft lakes. The CO2 fluxes correlated strongly with dissolved CO2 saturation (DCO2) values at the surface. Highest CH4 emissions were measured from the Coastal lake type, followed by Light Soft, StratAlk, and Alk types; Coastal, Light Soft, and StratAlk were emitting CH4 partly as bubbles. The only emitter of N2O was the Alk type. We measured weak binding of N2O in Dark Soft and Coastal lakes, while in all other studied lake types, the N2O fluxes were too small to be quantified. Diversely from the common viewpoint of lakes as net sources of both CO2 and CH4, it turns out from our results that at least in late summer, Estonian lakes are net sinks of both CO2 alone and the sum of CO2 and CH4. This is mainly caused by the predominant CO2 sink function of Lake Peipsi forming ¾ of the total lake area and showing negative net emissions even after considering the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of other GHGs. Still, by converting CH4 data into CO2 equivalents, the combined emission of all Estonian lakes (8 T C day-1) is turned strongly positive: 2720 T CO2 equivalents per day.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Ingrid Rõõm
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; Environmental Investment Centre, Narva mnt 7A, 15172 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Velda Lauringson
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Vanemuise Str 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Alo Laas
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kersti Kangro
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; Tartu Observatory, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Observatooriumi 1, Tõravere, Nõo parish, 61602, Tartu County, Estonia
| | - Malle Viik
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pille Meinson
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Fabien Cremona
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Peeter Nõges
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tiina Nõges
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huo P, Li H, Huang X, Ma X, Liu L, Ji W, Liu Y, Gao P. Dissolved greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural groundwater irrigation in the Guanzhong Basin of China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119714. [PMID: 35817299 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While evidence indicates that groundwater is a potential source for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, information for such emissions in groundwater used for irrigation is lacking. Based on 23 wells in the mid-western Guanzhong Basin of China, we investigated the dissolved CO2, N2O, and CH4 distributions in groundwater, their relationships with water indicators, and emission fluxes during flood irrigation. We found zero methane, but CO2 and N2O were 30 and 25 times, respectively, supersaturated compared to atmospheric concentrations. Dissolved N2O in groundwater was positively correlated with NO3--N (P = 0.009), while CO2 depended mainly on low pH and high dissolved inorganic carbon. The CO2 and N2O emission fluxes detected in wellheads, especially in shallow wells, implied potential emissions. Flood irrigation experiments showed that 24.55% of dissolved CO2 and 36.81% of dissolved N2O in groundwater was degassed immediately (within 12 min of irrigation) to the atmosphere. Our study demonstrates that direct GHG emissions from groundwater used for agricultural irrigation in the Guanzhong Basin are potentially equivalent to about 2-4% of the GHG emissions from 3 years of fertilizer use on these farmlands, so further research should focus on optimizing irrigation strategies to mitigate GHG emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Huo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xunrong Huang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuzhe Ma
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wei Ji
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yike Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li J, Peng G, Xu X, Liang E, Sun W, Chen Q, Yao L. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in groundwater from a contaminated site in the North China Plain: Occurrence, source apportionment, and health risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134873. [PMID: 35551938 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are manmade chemicals that have wide industrial and commercial application. However, little research has been carried out on PFASs pollution in groundwater from a previously contaminated site. Here, we investigated 43 PFASs in a monitoring campaign from two different aquifers in the North China Plain. Our results revealed that total PFASs concentrations (∑43PFASs) ranged from 0.22 to 3,776.76 ng/L, with no spatial or compositional differences. Moreover, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS) were the dominant pollutants with mean concentrations of 177.33 ng/L and 51 ng/L, respectively. ∑43PFAS decreased with well depth due to the adsorption of PFASs to the aquifer materials. Water temperature, total organic carbon, dissolved oxygen, and total phosphorus concentrations were correlated to the PFAS concentrations. Principal component analysis indicated that the main sources of PFASs in groundwater were untreated industrial discharge, untreated domestic wastewater, food packaging, aqueous film forming foams and metal plating, and surface runoff, which overlapped with the industries that previously existed in a nearby city. Human health risks from drinking contaminated groundwater were low to the local residents, with children aged 1-2 years being the most sensitive group. One specific site with a high PFOA concentration was of concern, as it was several orders higher than the 70 ng/L recommended by US Environmental Protection Agency health advisory. This study provided baseline data for PFASs in a previously-contaminated site, which will help in the development of effective strategies for controlling PFASs pollution in the North China Plain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guyu Peng
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xuming Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Enhang Liang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weiling Sun
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Lei Yao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu S, Chen Q, Li J, Li Y, Zhong S, Hu J, Cai H, Sun W, Ni J. Different spatiotemporal dynamics, ecological drivers and assembly processes of bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities in brackish-saline groundwater. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 214:118193. [PMID: 35217492 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of brackish-saline groundwater (BSG) poses great harms for human health, agricultural and industrial activity. Understanding how the major environmental features in BSG determine microbiota coalescence is crucial for groundwater monitoring optimization. Based on metabarcoding analysis of 242 PCR-amplified samples, we provided the first blueprints about distinct spatiotemporal distributions, ecological drivers and assembly processes of bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities in BSG obtained from new-constructed wells at Xiong'an New Area, China. Our study demonstrated that bacterial and archaeal communities exhibited significant spatial turnovers, while fungal community displayed the most obvious seasonal variation. Environmental filtering drove bacterial compositions more than those of archaea and fungi. Total dissolved solids (TDS), one of the most critical hydrochemical factors for salinization, had a stronger effect on bacterial spatiotemporal turnover than on those of the other two taxonomic groups, while chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) was more significantly associated with prokaryotic community variations. Bacterial and archaeal taxa dominated the metacommunity network and connected closely, and TDS was mostly related to archaeal subnetwork topological features, suggesting a significant influence of TDS on species association patterns within archaea. Specific functional guilds like bacterial nitrite oxidation, anammox, and archaeal methanogenesis were enriched in lower-TDS habitats, while higher TDS favored bacterial communities involved in dark oxidation of sulfur compounds, fumarate respiration, and cellulolysis. Finally, we confirmed that bacterial and archaeal assembly processes were governed by determinism in each season, and that of fungi was more regulated by stochasticity. Higher TDS was speculated to lead bacterial assembly more deterministic and that of fungi more random. Together, these findings provided an integrate theoretical framework about the unique responses of the three life domains to brackish-saline stress, and had important implications for microbial ecological prediction in groundwater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiarui Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanglei Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sining Zhong
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinyun Hu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hetong Cai
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiling Sun
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinren Ni
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Elevated Arsenic Based on Entropy Modeling, in the Aquifers of District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13233477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination in drinking groundwater is a common environmental problem in Pakistan. Therefore, sixty-one groundwater samples were collected from various groundwater sources in District Sanghar, Sindh province, Pakistan, to understand the geochemical behavior of elevated As in groundwater. Statistical summary showed the cations and anions abundance in decreasing order of Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, and HCO3− > Cl− > SO42− > NO3−. Arsenic was found with low to high concentration levels ranging from 5 µg to 25 µg/L with a mean value of 12.9 µg/L. A major water type of groundwater samples was mixed with NaCl and CaHCO3 type, interpreting the hydrochemical behavior of rock–water interaction. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed the mixed anthropogenic and natural sources of contamination in the study area. Moreover, rock weathering and exchange of ions controlled the hydrochemistry. Chloro-alkaline indices revealed the dominance of the reverse ion exchange mechanism in the region. The entropy water quality index (EWQI) exposed that 17 samples represent poor water, and 11 samples are not suitable for drinking.
Collapse
|