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Serra L, Estienne A, Bongrani A, Ramé C, Caria G, Froger C, Jolivet C, Henriot A, Amalric L, Corbin E, Guérif F, Froment P, Dupont J. The epoxiconazole and tebuconazole fungicides impair granulosa cells functions partly through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signalling with contrasted effects in obese, normo-weight and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients. Toxicol Rep 2024; 12:65-81. [PMID: 38259722 PMCID: PMC10801249 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), frequently associated to obesity, is the main reproductive disorder in women in age to procreate. Some evidence suggests that pesticides can result in alterations of the female reproductive system, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Here, we detected two fungicides, Tebuconazole (Tb) and Epoxiconazole (Epox) in the soils and waters of French area. Our hypothesis is that these two triazoles could be associated to the etiology of PCOS. We used the human KGN cell line and primary human granulosa cells (hGCs) from different group of patients: normal weight non PCOS (NW), normal weight PCOS (PCOS NW), obese (obese) and obese PCOS (PCOS obese). We exposed in vitro these cells to Tb and Epox from 0 up to 10 mM for 24 and 48 h and analysed cell viability and steroidogenesis. In hGCs NW, cell viability was reduced from 12.5 µM for Tb and 75 µM for Epox. In hGCs NW, Epox decreased progesterone (Pg) and estradiol (E2) secretions and inhibited STAR, HSD3B and CYP19A1 mRNA expressions from 25 µM and increased AHR mRNA expression from 75 µM. Tb exposure also reduced steroid secretion and STAR and CYP19A1 mRNA expressions and increased AHR mRNA expression but at cytotoxic concentrations. Silencing of AHR in KGN cells reduced inhibitory effects of Tb and Epox on steroid secretion. Tb and Epox exposure decreased more steroid secretion in hGCs from obese, PCOS NW and PCOS obese groups than in NW group. Moreover, we found a higher gene expression of AHR within these three groups. Taken together, both Epox and Tb reduced steroidogenesis in hGCs through partly AHR and Tb was more cytotoxic than Epox. These triazoles alter more strongly PCOS and/or obese hGCs suggesting that human with reproductive disorders are more sensitive to triazoles exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loise Serra
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, University of Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Anthony Estienne
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, University of Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Alice Bongrani
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, University of Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, University of Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Giovanni Caria
- INRAE, Laboratoire d'Analyses des Sols, 273, rue de Cambrai, 62000 Arras, France
| | - Claire Froger
- INRAE Orléans - US 1106, Unité INFOSOL, Orléans, France
| | | | - Abel Henriot
- Division Laboratoires, BRGM, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orleans Cedex 2, France
| | - Laurence Amalric
- Division Laboratoires, BRGM, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orleans Cedex 2, France
| | - Emilie Corbin
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, University of Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Fabrice Guérif
- Service de Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction, CHRU de Tours, F-37044 Tours, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, University of Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, University of Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
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Merleau LA, Lourdais O, Olivier A, Vittecoq M, Blouin-Demers G, Alliot F, Burkart L, Foucault Y, Leray C, Migne E, Goutte A. Pesticide concentrations in a threatened freshwater turtle (Emys orbicularis): Seasonal and annual variation in the Camargue wetland, France. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122903. [PMID: 37952921 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands are among the most threatened ecosystems on the planet and pollution is a major factor causing the decline of wetland biodiversity. Despite the increasing use of pesticides, their fate and effects on freshwater reptiles remain largely unknown. We studied the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis), a long-lived species at risk with a high exposure potential to pesticides. Between 2018 and 2020, we measured 29 pesticides and metabolites in 408 blood samples of turtles from two populations in the Camargue wetland (France). We were able to quantify 24 compounds and at least one pesticide or one degradation product in 62.5% of samples. Pesticide occurrences and concentrations were low, except for a herbicide widely used in rice cultivation and locally detected in water: bentazone that reached high blood concentrations in E. orbicularis. The occurrence and the concentration of pesticides in E. orbicularis blood depended mainly on the site and the sampling date in relation to pesticide application. Individual characteristics (sex, age, body condition) did not explain the occurrence or the concentration of pesticides found in turtle blood. Assessing the exposure of aquatic wildlife to a cocktail of currently-used pesticides is a first and crucial step before studying their effects at the individual and population levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie-Anne Merleau
- École Pratique des Hautes Études, PSL Research University, UMR 7619, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Centre D'études Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France; La Tour Du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Arles, France.
| | - Olivier Lourdais
- Centre D'études Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Anthony Olivier
- La Tour Du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Arles, France
| | - Marion Vittecoq
- La Tour Du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Arles, France; MIGEVEC Laboratoire Maladies Infectieuses & Vecteurs: écologie, Génétique évolution et Contrôle, UMR (CNRS/IRD 224/UM), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Fabrice Alliot
- École Pratique des Hautes Études, PSL Research University, UMR 7619, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Louisiane Burkart
- École Pratique des Hautes Études, PSL Research University, UMR 7619, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; La Tour Du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Arles, France
| | - Yvann Foucault
- École Pratique des Hautes Études, PSL Research University, UMR 7619, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; La Tour Du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Arles, France
| | - Carole Leray
- La Tour Du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Arles, France
| | - Emmanuelle Migne
- Réserve Naturelle Nationale de Camargue, Société Nationale de Protection de La Nature, Arles, France
| | - Aurélie Goutte
- École Pratique des Hautes Études, PSL Research University, UMR 7619, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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Bellot P, Bichet C, Brischoux F, Fritsch C, Hope SF, Quesnot A, Angelier F. Experimental investigation of the effect of tebuconazole on three biomarkers of innate immunity in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 33:119-129. [PMID: 38244180 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Triazoles are among the most widely used fungicides in the world due to their efficacy against fungal crop diseases and their broad spectrum of action. Intensive use of triazoles has resulted in residual contamination in different compartments of agroecosystems and exposes non-target species to potential sublethal effects. Triazoles are known to be immunomodulators in medicine and therapeutic treatments, but very little data is available on their potential effect on immune parameters of non-target vertebrate species living in agroecosystems. In this study, we experimentally examined the impact of tebuconazole on three immune biomarkers (haemagglutination titre (HA), haemolysis titre (HL), and haptoglobin concentration (Hp)), as well as on the body condition of house sparrows (Passer domesticus). Our results suggest that tebuconazole had very little, if any, effect on the studied immune parameters. However, further studies are needed to better assess the effect of tebuconazole on bird immunity because (1) experimental individuals were kept under optimal conditions and the impact of tebuconazole on immunity may occur under suboptimal conditions, (2) only one concentration of tebuconazole was tested and its effect could be dose-dependent and (3) other complementary immunological biomarkers should be studied, given the complexity of the vertebrate immune system. Current knowledge on the potential effects of triazoles on the immunity of wild farmland vertebrates is still largely insufficient. Further physiological and immune studies should be conducted to better understand the effect of triazole fungicides on farmland birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bellot
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France.
| | - Coraline Bichet
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Clémentine Fritsch
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Sydney F Hope
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Alice Quesnot
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
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Serra L, Estienne A, Caria G, Ramé C, Jolivet C, Froger C, Henriot A, Amalric L, Guérif F, Froment P, Dupont J. In vitro exposure to triazoles used as fungicides impairs human granulosa cells steroidogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 104:104295. [PMID: 37852555 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Triazoles are the main components of fungicides used in conventional agriculture. Some data suggests that they may be endocrine disruptors. Here, we found five triazoles, prothioconazole, metconazole, difenoconazole, tetraconazole, and cyproconazole, in soil or water from the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. We then studied their effects from 0.001 µM to 1000 µM for 48 h on the steroidogenesis and cytotoxicity of ovarian cells from patients in this region and the human granulosa line KGN. In addition, the expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) nuclear receptor in KGN cells was studied. Overall, all triazoles reduced the secretion of progesterone, estradiol, or both at doses that were non-cytotoxic but higher than those found in the environment. This was mainly associated, depending on the triazole, with a decrease in the expression of CYP51, STAR, CYP11A1, CYP19A1, or HSD3B proteins, or a combination thereof, in hGCs and KGN cells and an increase in AHR in KGN cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïse Serra
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, University of Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Anthony Estienne
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, University of Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Giovanni Caria
- INRAE, Laboratoire d'Analyses des Sols, 273, rue de Cambrai, 62000 Arras, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, University of Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Claire Froger
- INRAE Orléans - US 1106, Unité INFOSOL, Orléans, France
| | - Abel Henriot
- Division Laboratoires, BRGM, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orleans Cedex 2, France
| | - Laurence Amalric
- Division Laboratoires, BRGM, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orleans Cedex 2, France
| | - Fabrice Guérif
- Service de Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction, CHRU de Tours, F-37044 Tours, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, University of Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, University of Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
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Poliserpi MB, Noya Abad T, De Gerónimo E, Aparicio V, Brodeur JC. Behavioral and physiological response of the passerine bird Agelaioides badius to seeds coated with imidacloprid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:80293-80310. [PMID: 37294486 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are globally used insecticides, and there are increasing evidence on their negative effects on birds. This study is aimed at characterizing the behavioral and physiological effects of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid (IMI) in a songbird. Adults of Agelaioides badius were exposed for 7 days to non-treated peeled millet and to peeled millet treated with nominal concentrations of 75 (IMI1) and 450 (IMI2) mg IMI/kg seed. On days 2 and 6 of the trial, the behavior of each bird was evaluated for 9 min by measuring the time spent on the floor, the perch, or the feeder. Daily millet consumption, initial and final body weight, and physiological, hematological, genotoxic, and biochemical parameters at the end of exposure were also measured. Activity was greatest on the floor, followed by the perch and the feeder. On the second day, birds exposed to IMI1and IMI2 remained mostly on the perch and the feeder, respectively. On the sixth day, a transition occurred to sectors of greater activity, consistent with the disappearance of the intoxication signs: birds from IMI1 and IMI2 increased their time on the floor and the perch, respectively. Control birds always remained most of the time on the floor. IMI2 birds significantly decreased their feed intake by 31% the first 3 days, compared to the other groups, and significantly decreased their body weight at the end of the exposure. From the set of hematological, genotoxic, and biochemical parameters, treated birds exhibited an alteration of glutathione-S-transferase activity (GST) in breast muscle; the minimal effects observed are probably related to the IMI administration regime. These results highlight that the consumption of less than 10% of the bird daily diet as IMI-treated seeds trigger effects at multiple levels that can impair bird survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Belen Poliserpi
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Tatiana Noya Abad
- Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Ciencias Naturales, Ambientales y Antropológicas (CCNAA), Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo De Gerónimo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce (EEA Balcarce), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta Nacional 226, Km. 73,5, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Aparicio
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce (EEA Balcarce), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta Nacional 226, Km. 73,5, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julie Celine Brodeur
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bellot P, Brischoux F, Budzinski H, Dupont SM, Fritsch C, Hope SF, Michaud B, Pallud M, Parenteau C, Prouteau L, Rocchi S, Angelier F. Chronic exposure to tebuconazole alters thyroid hormones and plumage quality in house sparrows (Passer domesticus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28259-5. [PMID: 37365357 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Triazoles belong to a family of fungicides that are ubiquitous in agroecosystems due to their widespread use in crops. Despite their efficiency in controlling fungal diseases, triazoles are also suspected to affect non-target vertebrate species through the disruption of key physiological mechanisms. Most studies so far have focused on aquatic animal models, and the potential impact of triazoles on terrestrial vertebrates has been overlooked despite their relevance as sentinel species of contaminated agroecosystems. Here, we examined the impact of tebuconazole on the thyroid endocrine axis, associated phenotypic traits (plumage quality and body condition) and sperm quality in wild-caught house sparrows (Passer domesticus). We experimentally exposed house sparrows to realistic concentrations of tebuconazole under controlled conditions and tested the impact of this exposure on the levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), feather quality (size and density), body condition and sperm morphology. We found that exposure to tebuconazole caused a significant decrease in T4 levels, suggesting that this azole affects the thyroid endocrine axis, although T3 levels did not differ between control and exposed sparrows. Importantly, we also found that exposed females had an altered plumage structure (larger but less dense feathers) relative to control females. The impact of tebuconazole on body condition was dependent on the duration of exposure and the sex of individuals. Finally, we did not show any effect of exposure to tebuconazole on sperm morphology. Our study demonstrates for the first time that exposure to tebuconazole can alter the thyroid axis of wild birds, impact their plumage quality and potentially affect their body condition. Further endocrine and transcriptomic studies are now needed not only to understand the underlying mechanistic effects of tebuconazole on these variables, but also to further investigate their ultimate consequences on performance (i.e. reproduction and survival).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bellot
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France.
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- CNRS-EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC Research Group, University of Bordeaux, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Sophie M Dupont
- BOREA, MNHN, CNRS 8067, SU, IRD 207, UCN, UA, 97233, Schoelcher, Martinique, France
- LIENSs, UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France
| | - Clémentine Fritsch
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, CNRS/Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Sydney F Hope
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Bruno Michaud
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Marie Pallud
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Charline Parenteau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Louise Prouteau
- CNRS-EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC Research Group, University of Bordeaux, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Steffi Rocchi
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, CNRS/Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
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