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Boyi JO, Sonne C, Dietz R, Rigét F, Siebert U, Lehnert K. Gene expression and trace elements in Greenlandic ringed seals (Pusa hispida). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117839. [PMID: 38081340 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Marine top predators such as ringed seals biomagnify environmental contaminants; and with the increasing human activities in the Arctic, ringed seals are exposed to biologically significant concentrations of trace elements resulting in reproductive impairment, immunosuppression, and neurological damages. Little is known about the molecular effects of heavy metals on these vulnerable apex predators suffering from a rapidly changing Arctic with significant loss of sea-ice. In the present study, concentrations of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) were measured in liver of sixteen Greenlandic ringed seals (nine adults and seven subadults) together with molecular biomarkers involved in bio-transformation, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption and immune activity in blood and blubber. The concentrations of trace elements increased in the following order: Hg > Se > Cd with levels of mercury and selenium being highest in adults. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα, estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1), thyroid hormone receptor alpha (TRα) and interleukin - 2 (IL-2) mRNA transcript levels were highest in blubber, while heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and interleukin - 10 (IL-10) were significantly higher in blood. There were no significant correlations between the concentrations of trace elements and mRNA transcript levels suggesting that stressors other than the trace elements investigated are responsible for the changes in gene expression levels. Since Hg seems to increase in Greenlandic ringed seals, there is a need to re-enforce health monitoring of this ringed seal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Ometere Boyi
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Büsum, Germany.
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Rune Dietz
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Frank Rigét
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Büsum, Germany.
| | - Kristina Lehnert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Büsum, Germany.
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Kostić-Vuković J, Kolarević S, Sunjog K, Subotić S, Višnjić-Jeftić Ž, Rašković B, Poleksić V, Vuković-Gačić B, Lenhardt M. Combined use of biomarkers to assess the impact of untreated wastewater from the Danube River, Serbia. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023:10.1007/s10646-023-02663-6. [PMID: 37193873 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study a battery of bioassays, both in vivo (metals and metalloids concentrations, erythrocyte morphometry, comet assay, micronucleus assay, and histopathological analyses) on vimba bream Vimba vimba (L., 1758) and white bream Blicca bjoerkna (L., 1758), and in vitro (treatment of HepG2 cells with native water samples) was applied to assess the harmful potential of untreated wastewater. Faecal indicator bacteria were quantified to assess the microbiological water quality. Vimba bream had significantly higher Fe concentrations in both liver and muscle, while white bream had higher Ca and Cu concentrations in liver. Vimba bream had a significantly higher level of DNA damage in both liver and blood cells, in comparison to white bream. Low levels of micronucleus and nuclear abnormalities were observed in both species. Erythrocytes morphometry did not show significant interspecific differences. Histopathological analyses revealed a similar response of the studied species, with a significantly higher presence of ceroid pigments in the liver of vimba bream. Treatment of HepG2 cells revealed the high genotoxic potential of water downstream of the discharge point. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the importance of effect-based monitoring, in order to enforce more efficient management of natural resources and implementation of wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Kostić-Vuković
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Biology and Inland Waters Protection, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Stoimir Kolarević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Karolina Sunjog
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Biology and Inland Waters Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srđan Subotić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Animal Ecology and Zoogeography, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željka Višnjić-Jeftić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Biology and Inland Waters Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Božidar Rašković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Porto, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vesna Poleksić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Vuković-Gačić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Lenhardt
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Biology and Inland Waters Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
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Jantawongsri K, Nørregaard RD, Bach L, Dietz R, Sonne C, Jørgensen K, Lierhagen S, Ciesielski TM, Jenssen BM, Waugh CA, Eriksen R, Nowak B, Anderson K. Effects of exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of lead (Pb) on expression of stress and immune-related genes, and microRNAs in shorthorn sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:1068-1077. [PMID: 36006498 PMCID: PMC9458575 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Old lead-zinc (Pb-Zn) mining sites in Greenland have increased the environmental concentration of Pb in local marine organisms, including the shorthorn sculpin. Organ metal concentrations and histopathology have been used in environmental monitoring programs to evaluate metal exposure and subsequent effects in shorthorn sculpins. So far, no study has reported the impact of heavy metals on gene expression involved in metal-related stress and immune responses in sculpins. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exposure to environmentally relevant waterborne Pb (0.73 ± 0.35 μg/L) on hepatic gene expression of metallothionein (mt), immunoglobulin M (igm), and microRNAs (miRNAs; mir132 and mir155) associated with immune responses in the shorthorn sculpin compared to a control group. The mt and igm expression were upregulated in the Pb-exposed group compared to the control group. The transcripts of mir132 and mir155 were not different in sculpins between the Pb-exposed and control group; however, miRNA levels were significantly correlated with Pb liver concentrations. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between liver Pb concentrations and igm, and a positive relationship between igm and mir155. The results indicate that exposure to Pb similar to those concentrations reported in in marine waters around Greenland Pb-Zn mine sites influences the mt and immune responses in shorthorn sculpins. This is the first study to identify candidate molecular markers in the shorthorn sculpins exposed to waterborne environmentally relevant Pb suggesting mt and igm as potential molecular markers of exposure to be applied in future assessments of the marine environment near Arctic mining sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khattapan Jantawongsri
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia.
| | - Rasmus Dyrmose Nørregaard
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lis Bach
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rune Dietz
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kasper Jørgensen
- Den Blå Planet, National Aquarium Denmark, Jacob Fortlingsvej 1, DK-2770, Kastrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Syverin Lierhagen
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tomasz Maciej Ciesielski
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Munro Jenssen
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Arctic Technology, The University Centre in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, NO-9171, Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
| | - Courtney Alice Waugh
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, NO-7729, Steinkjer, Norway
| | - Ruth Eriksen
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, TAS, 7004, Australia
| | - Barbara Nowak
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kelli Anderson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia
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Nørregaard RD, Bach L, Geertz-Hansen O, Nabe-Nielsen J, Nowak B, Jantawongsri K, Dang M, Søndergaard J, Leifsson PS, Jenssen BM, Ciesielski TM, Arukwe A, Sonne C. Element concentrations, histology and serum biochemistry of arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and shorthorn sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) in northwest Greenland. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 208:112742. [PMID: 35065927 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increasing exploratory efforts in the Greenland mineral industry, and in particular, the proposed rare earth element (REE) mining projects, requires an urgent need to generate data on baseline REE concentrations and their potential environmental impacts. Herein, we have investigated REE concentrations in anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and shorthorn sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) from uncontaminated sites in Northwest Greenland, along with the relationships between the element concentrations in gills and liver, and gill histology and serum biochemical parameters. Concentrations of arsenic, silver, cadmium, cerium, chromium, copper, dysprosium, mercury, lanthanum, neodymium, lead, selenium, yttrium, and zinc in gills, liver and muscle are presented. No significant statistical correlations were observed between element concentrations in different organs and gill histology or serum biochemical parameters. However, we observed positive relationships between age and histopathology, emphasizing the importance of including age as a co-variable in histological studies of fish. Despite no element-induced effects were observed, this study is considered an important baseline study, which can be used as a reference for the assessment of impacts of potential future REE mine sites in Greenland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Dyrmose Nørregaard
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Technical Science, Department of Ecoscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Department of Environment and Mineral Resources, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland; Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Lis Bach
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Technical Science, Department of Ecoscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Ole Geertz-Hansen
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Department of Environment and Mineral Resources, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Jacob Nabe-Nielsen
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Technical Science, Department of Ecoscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Barbara Nowak
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Newnham, Tasmania, 7248, Australia; Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Khattapan Jantawongsri
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Newnham, Tasmania, 7248, Australia
| | - Mai Dang
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Newnham, Tasmania, 7248, Australia
| | - Jens Søndergaard
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Technical Science, Department of Ecoscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Pall S Leifsson
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Bjørn M Jenssen
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Technical Science, Department of Ecoscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tomasz M Ciesielski
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Technical Science, Department of Ecoscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark; Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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5
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Søndergaard J, Mosbech A. Mining pollution in Greenland - the lesson learned: A review of 50 years of environmental studies and monitoring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152373. [PMID: 34919929 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of environmental studies and monitoring at mine sites in Greenland since the first environmental studies were conducted in the early 1970s. Mining at three legacy mine sites in Greenland (Ivittuut, Mestersvig and Maarmorilik) caused significant metal pollution, mostly with lead and zinc, due to lack of adequate environmental studies and regulation. These legacy mine sites have later served as study areas for development of methods for environmental monitoring, which can also be applied to other sites. The review describes the most significant mines in Greenland's mining history together with procedures for conducting the environmental monitoring work. A comprehensive description is provided on the research results and development of monitoring practices during the past 50 years for assessing dispersion, bioaccumulation and toxicological effects of pollutants in both the marine and terrestrial environment. Further, the current practices for sample preparation, chemical analyses and storage of samples and data are described. From the studies it is clear that monitoring needs to be site- and mine-specific, adaptive, diverse and take conditions unique to the Arctic into account, such as permafrost, seasonal drainage and fjord stratification dynamics. Based on the results, lessons learned for future monitoring programs are given. Moreover, spatial and temporal trends of the legacy pollution at the Greenland mine sites are discussed. Finally, it is shown how research and monitoring results have been applied to regulate mining activities in Greenland to minimise the environmental impact, and some future perspectives are presented. Many of the results and conclusions in the review are considered applicable to environmental monitoring of mining and other industrial activities in other areas than Greenland, both inside and outside of the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Søndergaard
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Anders Mosbech
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Jantawongsri K, Nørregaard RD, Bach L, Dietz R, Sonne C, Jørgensen K, Lierhagen S, Ciesielski TM, Jenssen BM, Haddy J, Eriksen R, Nowak B. Histopathological effects of short-term aqueous exposure to environmentally relevant concentration of lead (Pb) in shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) under laboratory conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:61423-61440. [PMID: 34176046 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) has been used as a sentinel species for environmental monitoring, including heavy metal contamination from mining activities. Former lead-zinc (Pb-Zn) mines in Greenland resulted in elevated concentrations of metals, especially Pb, in marine biota. However, the potential accumulation of Pb and effects of the presence of Pb residues in fish on health of sculpins observed in the field have not been validated in laboratory experiments. Therefore, our aim was to validate field observation of shorthorn sculpin via controlled laboratory exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of dissolved Pb. We evaluated the effects of a short-term (28 days) exposure to Pb on Pb residues in sculpin blood, gills, liver, and muscle and the morphology of gills and liver. The highest level of Pb was found in the gills, followed by muscle and then liver. Pb levels in liver, gills, and blood of Pb-exposed sculpins were significantly higher than those in control fish, showing that blood is suitable for assessing Pb accumulation and exposure in sculpins. Histopathological investigations showed that the severity score of liver necrosis and gill telangiectasia of Pb-exposed sculpins was significantly greater than in control fish. The number of mucous cells in gills was positively correlated with Pb concentrations in organs. Overall, the results validated field observation for the effects of Pb on wild sculpin and contributed to the improved use of the shorthorn sculpin as sentinel species for monitoring contamination from Pb mines in the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khattapan Jantawongsri
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250, Australia
| | - Rasmus Dyrmose Nørregaard
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, PO, Denmark
| | - Lis Bach
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, PO, Denmark
| | - Rune Dietz
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, PO, Denmark
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, PO, Denmark
| | - Kasper Jørgensen
- Den Blå Planet, National Aquarium Denmark, Jacob Fortlingsvej 1, DK-2770 Kastrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Syverin Lierhagen
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tomasz Maciej Ciesielski
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Munro Jenssen
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, PO, Denmark
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - James Haddy
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250, Australia
| | - Ruth Eriksen
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250, Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, Tasmania, 7004, Australia
| | - Barbara Nowak
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250, Australia.
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, PO, Denmark.
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Microbial Ecology of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Hatcheries: Impacts of the Built Environment on Fish Mucosal Microbiota. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00411-20. [PMID: 32303543 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00411-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful rearing of fish in hatcheries is critical for conservation, recreational fishing, commercial fishing through wild stock enhancements, and aquaculture production. Flowthrough (FT) hatcheries require more water than recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), which enable up to 99% of their water to be recycled, thus significantly reducing environmental impacts. Here, we evaluated the biological and physical microbiome interactions of three Atlantic salmon hatcheries (RAS n = 2, FT n = 1). Gill, skin, and digesta from six juvenile fish along with tank biofilms and water were sampled from tanks in each of the hatcheries (60 fish across 10 tanks) to assess the built environment and mucosal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The water and tank biofilm had more microbial richness than fish mucus, while skin and digesta from RAS fish had 2 times the richness of FT fish. Body sites each had unique microbiomes (P < 0.001) and were influenced by hatchery system type (P < 0.001), with RAS being more similar. A strong association between the tank and fish microbiome was observed. Water and tank biofilm richness was positively correlated with skin and digesta richness. Strikingly, the gill, skin, and digesta communities were more similar to that in the origin tank biofilm than those in all other experimental tanks, suggesting that the tank biofilm has a direct influence on fish-associated microbial communities. Lastly, microbial diversity and mucous cell density were positively associated with fish growth and length. The results from this study provide evidence for a link between the tank microbiome and the fish microbiome, with the skin microbiome as an important intermediate.IMPORTANCE Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, is the most farmed marine fish worldwide, with an annual production of 2,248 million metric tons in 2016. Salmon hatcheries are increasingly changing from flowthrough toward recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) design to accommodate more control over production along with improved environmental sustainability due to lower impacts on water consumption. To date, microbiome studies of hatcheries have focused either on the fish mucosal microbiota or on the built environment microbiota but have not combined the two to understand their interactions. Our study evaluates how the water and tank biofilm microbiota influences the fish microbiota across three mucosal environments (gill, skin, and digesta). Results from this study highlight how the built environment is a unique source of microbes to colonize fish mucus and, furthermore, how this can influence fish health. Further studies can use this knowledge to engineer built environments to modulate fish microbiota for beneficial phenotypes.
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Dang M, Pittman K, Sonne C, Hansson S, Bach L, Søndergaard J, Stride M, Nowak B. Histological mucous cell quantification and mucosal mapping reveal different aspects of mucous cell responses in gills and skin of shorthorn sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:334-344. [PMID: 32173449 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In teleosts, the mucosal epithelial barriers represent the first line of defence against environmental challenges such as pathogens and environmental contaminants. Mucous cells (MCs) are specialised cells providing this protection through mucus production. Therefore, a better understanding of various MC quantification methods is critical to interpret MC responses. Here, we compare histological (also called traditional) quantification of MCs with a novel mucosal mapping method to understand the differences between the two methods' assessment of MC responses to parasitic infections and pollution exposure in shorthorn sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius). Overall, both methods distinguished between the fish from stations with different levels of pollutants and detected the links between MC responses and parasitic infection. Traditional quantification showed relationship between MC size and body size of the fish whereas mucosal mapping detected a link between MC responses and Pb level in liver. While traditional method gave numerical density, mucosal mapping gave volumetric density of the mucous cells in the mucosa. Both methods differentiated MC population in skin from those in the gills, but only mucosal mapping pointed out the consistent differences between filament and lamellar MC populations within the gills. Given the importance of mucosal barriers in fish, a better understanding of various MC quantification methods and the linkages between MC responses, somatic health and environmental stressors is highly valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Dang
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250, Australia; Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Veterinary Research and Development of Central Vietnam, Km 4, 2/4 Street, Vinh Hoa, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, 57000, Viet Nam
| | - Karin Pittman
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 53, 5006, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box, 358, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Sophia Hansson
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box, 358, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Ecolab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Avenue de l'Agrobipole, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Lis Bach
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box, 358, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jens Søndergaard
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box, 358, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Megan Stride
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250, Australia
| | - Barbara Nowak
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250, Australia; Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box, 358, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
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Alderman SL, Dilkumar CM, Avey SR, Farrell AP, Kennedy CJ, Gillis TE. Effects of diluted bitumen exposure and recovery on the seawater acclimation response of Atlantic salmon smolts. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 221:105419. [PMID: 32014643 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Petrogenic chemicals are common and widespread contaminants in the aquatic environment. In Canada, increased extraction of bitumen from the oil sands and transport of the major crude oil export product, diluted bitumen (dilbit), amplifies the risk of a spill and contamination of Canadian waterways. Fish exposed to sublethal concentrations of crude oil can experience a variety of adverse physiological effects including osmoregulatory dysfunction. As regulation of water and ion balance is crucial during the seawater transition of anadromous fish, the hypothesis that dilbit impairs seawater acclimation in Atlantic salmon smolts (a fish at risk of exposure in Canada) was tested. Smolts were exposed for 24 d to the water-soluble fraction of dilbit in freshwater, and then transferred directly to seawater or allowed a 1 wk depuration period in uncontaminated freshwater prior to seawater transfer. The seawater acclimation response was quantified at 1 and 7 d post-transfer using established hematological, tissue, and molecular endpoints including gill Na+/K+-ATPase gene expression (nka). All smolts, irrespective of dilbit exposure, increased serum Na+ concentrations and osmolality within 1 d of seawater transfer. The recovery of these parameters to freshwater values by 7 d post-transfer was likely driven by the increased expression and activity of Na+/K+-ATPase in the gill. Histopathological changes in the gill were not observed; however, CYP1A-like immunoreactivity was detected in the pillar cells of gill lamellae of fish exposed to 67.9 μg/L PAC. Concentration-specific changes in kidney expression of a transmembrane water channel, aquaporin 3, occurred during seawater acclimation, but were resolved with 1 wk of depuration and were not associated with histopathological changes. In conclusion, apart from a robust CYP response in the gill, dilbit exposure did not greatly impact common measures of seawater acclimation, suggesting that significant osmoregulatory dysfunction is unlikely to occur if Atlantic salmon smolts are exposed sub-chronically to dilbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Alderman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Sean R Avey
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony P Farrell
- Department of Zoology and Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher J Kennedy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Todd E Gillis
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Nimet J, Neves MP, Viana NP, de Arruda Amorim JP, Delariva RL. Histopathological alterations in gills of a fish (Astyanax bifasciatus) in neotropical streams: negative effects of riparian forest reduction and presence of pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 192:58. [PMID: 31858272 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-8030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of riparian vegetation around aquatic environments causes several physicochemical alterations and favors the entry of pesticides via surface runoff. Such changes have negative effects on aquatic organisms. In this study, we evaluated histopathological alterations in gills of Astyanax bifasciatus to test the hypothesis that more severe histopathological alterations occur in gills of fish from streams with higher agricultural impact from the surrounding area. The specimens were collected by electrofishing in seven streams of the lower Iguaçu basin between August 2015 and February 2016. The gills were processed according to routine histological methods and examined by light microscopy. The histopathological alterations, mainly stage II (lamellar aneurysm and total fusion of lamellae), were observed in fish collected in streams with higher agricultural activity. In these streams, the histopathological index indicated slight to moderate organ lesions. In contrast, in streams with more vegetation cover, fish collected presented stage I histopathological alterations (lamellar edema and lamellar hyperplasia), and the HI indicated normal functioning of the gills. In addition, chloride and acid mucous cells were more abundant in the gills of fish collected in rural streams. Our findings demonstrate that more severe histopathological alterations were registered in fish collected from streams with intense agricultural activity in the surrounding area. Therefore, it highlights that vegetation cover around the streams is a positive force for the conservation and health of aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jardel Nimet
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Avenida Colombo 5790, bloco G-80, sala 201. CEP 878020-900., Maringá, Paraná (PR), Brazil.
| | - Mayara Pereira Neves
- Departamento de Zoologia, Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, bloco IV, prédio 4343-5. CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
| | - Natália Prudêncio Viana
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais. Rodovia Washington Luiz km 235, Caixa postal 676. CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - João Paulo de Arruda Amorim
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Laboratório de Biologia Tecidual e Reprodução, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná. Rua Universitária 2069, Caixa postal 711. CEP 85819-110, Cascavel, Paraná (PR), Brazil
| | - Rosilene Luciana Delariva
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais. Rua Universitária 2069, Caixa postal 711. CEP 85819-110, (+55 045)3220-7396, Cascavel, Paraná (PR), Brazil
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11
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Dang M, Pittman K, Bach L, Sonne C, Hansson SV, Søndergaard J, Stride M, Nowak B. Mucous cell responses to contaminants and parasites in shorthorn sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) from a former lead‑zinc mine in West Greenland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 678:207-216. [PMID: 31075587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies of sculpins from the former lead (Pb) - zinc (Zn) mine near Maarmorilik, West Greenland, have shown that these fish are affected by heavy metal exposure from the mine. In this study, we applied mucosal mapping (a stereological method for mucosal quantification in fish) to uncover interactions between the host, parasites and heavy metal exposure (Pb and Zn) in shorthorn sculpins from the Maarmorilik mining site at a gradient of 3 stations. Skin and gill mucosal epithelia of shorthorn sculpins were significantly affected and reflected the exposure to environmental heavy metals and parasites. Size of skin mucous cells was significantly smallest in the sculpin from the station 3 where heavy metal contamination was lowest and the skin parasite load was highest. Gill filament mucous cells were largest and densest in fish from station 1 which was the most contaminated site. In gill lamellae the density of mucous cell followed a toxicity gradient and was significantly highest at the most contaminated station and significantly lowest at the least contaminated station. The persistent presence of toxic Pb and Zn levels in the sediment at the most contaminated station may have induced a small but measurable reduction in the surface area available for respiration and may have affected diffusion distance. The strong correlation between size of filamentous mucous cells and Pb concentrations in liver suggests that these cells can play an active role in reducing the somatic load of Pb in sculpin. We suggest that mucosal mapping can be used to assess effects of contaminant and parasite exposure in future environmental field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Dang
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia; Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Veterinary Research and Development of Central Vietnam, km 4, 2/4 Street, Vinh Hoa, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa 57000, Vietnam.
| | - Karin Pittman
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 53, 5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Lis Bach
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Sophia V Hansson
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jens Søndergaard
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Megan Stride
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia
| | - Barbara Nowak
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia; Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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12
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Tolvanen A, Eilu P, Juutinen A, Kangas K, Kivinen M, Markovaara-Koivisto M, Naskali A, Salokannel V, Tuulentie S, Similä J. Mining in the Arctic environment - A review from ecological, socioeconomic and legal perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 233:832-844. [PMID: 30600123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of mining and other resource-based industries are among key drivers of economic development in the Arctic. The fragile environment and the presence of nature-based livelihoods and indigenous communities pose challenges for mining development. Mining operations should be optimized so that the profitability is maintained in changing market conditions and to meet increasing societal and environmental demands. In this study we present the current understanding on the interplay between mining and the surrounding socio-ecological systems in the Arctic region. The existing academic literature on the Arctic region was reviewed, covering 127 peer-reviewed publications since 2000. We investigated the mining activities from four perspectives examining: 1) environmental, 2) economic, 3) social and 4) legal dimensions, covering three life-cycle stages: 1) pre-mining, 2) mining, and 3) post-mining. The publications on the environmental and economic aspects focused principally on the impacts of mining, whereas social and legal publications discussed the interaction between people and their rights and ways of controlling their environment. Besides the need for more balanced research between different life-cycle stages we uncovered five research gaps concerning the knowledge base needed to increase the sustainability of Arctic mining: 1) impacts and adaptation to climate change, 2) monitoring the sustainability of mining using standardized indicators, 3) holistic economic assessment of mining, 4) social sustainability and conflict management, and 5) mechanisms that mitigate or compensate for the adverse effects of mining on biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tolvanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, P.O. Box 413, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Genetics and Ecology, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Pasi Eilu
- Geological Survey of Finland, P.O. Box 96, FI-02151 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Artti Juutinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, P.O. Box 413, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Economics, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Katja Kangas
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, P.O. Box 413, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Mari Kivinen
- Geological Survey of Finland, P.O. Box 96, FI-02151 Espoo, Finland.
| | | | - Arto Naskali
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Eteläranta 55, FI 96300 Rovaniemi Finland.
| | - Veera Salokannel
- Faculty of Law, University of Lapland, P.O. Box 122, FI-96101 Rovaniemi Finland.
| | - Seija Tuulentie
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Eteläranta 55, FI 96300 Rovaniemi Finland.
| | - Jukka Similä
- Faculty of Law, University of Lapland, P.O. Box 122, FI-96101 Rovaniemi Finland.
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13
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Nørregaard RD, Dang M, Bach L, Geertz-Hansen O, Gustavson K, Aastrup P, Leifsson PS, Søndergaard J, Nowak B, Sonne C. Comparison of heavy metals, parasites and histopathology in sculpins (Myoxocephalus spp.) from two sites at a lead-zinc mine in North East Greenland. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 165:306-316. [PMID: 29777921 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The former lead-zinc mine at Mestersvig, Greenland, continues to contaminate the surrounding environment despite its operations ceasing over 50 years ago. Elevated concentrations of heavy metals are found in water, sediment and biota in the terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. To shed light on the present contamination and its potential effects on local fish we investigated gill and liver histology of sculpins (Myoxocephalus spp.) around the former mining area. Two species of sculpins were caught; shorthorn sculpins (M. scorpius; n = 16) and fourhorn sculpins (M. quadricornis; n = 17) at a contaminated site, Nyhavn, and shorthorn sculpins (M. scorpius; n = 25) at the reference site. In a previous study we found histopathological changes in the tissues of the sculpins, and we suspected this to be related to elevated heavy metal tissue concentrations. Concentrations of Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se and Zn were significantly higher in sculpins at Nyhavn compared to the reference site. Reference NOED and LOEC thresholds for biochemistry, tissue lesions, growth, survival and reproduction for hepatic Hg, As, Cd and Pb from the ERED database were exceeded in both sculpin species. Histopathological investigations of the sculpins gills revealed significant increases in the prevalence of hyperplastic epithelium, inflammation, intensity of neutral and total mucus cells and chloride cells along with an increased infection of colonial Peritricha. At the contaminated Nyhavn site, fourhorn sculpins had a significantly higher prevalence of chondroplastic tissue and intensity of neutral, mixed and total mucus cells in the gills compared to the shorthorn sculpins. The data indicate that both sculpin species could be useful indicator species for environmental monitoring of metal pollution in Arctic areas. However, confounding effects of gender and species should be investigated further. Effects on other biomarkers as well as baseline measurements should be included in future environmental monitoring efforts around mining activities in Greenland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Dyrmose Nørregaard
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Department of Environment and Mineral Resources, Nuuk, Greenland.
| | - Mai Dang
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia
| | - Lis Bach
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ole Geertz-Hansen
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Department of Environment and Mineral Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Kim Gustavson
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Peter Aastrup
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Pall S Leifsson
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health, Department of Pathobiology, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jens Søndergaard
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Barbara Nowak
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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14
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Neves MP, de Arruda Amorim JP, Delariva RL. Influence of land use on the health of a detritivorous fish (Ancistrus mullerae) endemic to the Iguassu ecoregion: relationship between agricultural land use and severe histopathological alterations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:11670-11682. [PMID: 29435799 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the histopathological biomarkers of the gills and liver of endemic catfish to test the hypothesis that, in environments under intense land use by agricultural activities, histopathological alterations occur more severely. Samples were collected by electrofishing in seven streams in the Lower Iguaçu basin quarterly from August 2015 to February 2016. The gills and livers were processed according to routine histological methods and examined by light microscopy. The histopathological alterations observed in fish from the streams with a higher percentage of natural vegetation cover were considered modest and indicated normal functioning of the organ (such as edema, hyperplasia, and leukocyte infiltration). As predicted, fish collected in streams with higher agricultural influence presented moderate to severe damage (aneurysm, vacuolization and cytoplasmic degeneration, and pyknotic nucleus). The abundance of chloride cells was significantly increased in the gills of Ancistrus mullerae collected in rural streams. In addition, in most streams, mucous cells were more abundant during the rainy period. Significant differences were observed in the histopathological index (HI) of the gills and livers, where severe histopathological alterations occurred in fish from streams with a higher agricultural influence. The observed alterations were more severe in the liver than in the gills, which are indeed related to the liver's key role in the detoxification of xenobiotics. We conclude that more severe histological alterations occurred in fish from streams with the highest land use by agricultural activities. Thus, our work provides important insight into the conservation and management of natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Pereira Neves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária 2069, Jardim Universitário, Cascavel, 85819110, Paraná, Brazil.
- CCBS, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Sala 017, Rua Universitária 2069, Jardim Universitário, Cascavel, Paraná, 85819-110, Brazil.
| | - João Paulo de Arruda Amorim
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária 2069, Jardim Universitário, Cascavel, Paraná, 85811280, Brazil
| | - Rosilene Luciana Delariva
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária 2069, Jardim Universitário, Cascavel, 85819-110, Paraná, Brazil
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