1
|
Chen A, Wang C, Cheng Z, Kennes C, Qiu S, Chen J. Enhancing bacterial biodegradation of n-hexane by utilizing the adsorption capacity of non-degrading fungi. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142900. [PMID: 39029712 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradation of hydrophobic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as n-hexane is limited by their poor accessibility. Constructing fungal-bacterial degradation alliances is an effective approach, but the role of those fungi without the capability to degrade VOCs may have been overlooked. In this study, a non-n-hexane-degrading fungus, Fusarium keratoplasticum FK, was utilized to enhance n-hexane degradation by the bacterium Mycobacterium neworleansense WCJ. It was shown that strain WCJ removed 64.84% of n-hexane (at a concentration of 648.20 mg L-1) over 3 d, and 84.04% after introducing strain FK. Microbial growth kinetic studies revealed that the growth of strain WCJ was also promoted. Through a stepwise adsorption-degradation experiment combined with qPCR technology, it was found that the strain WCJ could utilize the n-hexane pre-adsorbed by strain FK, with an increase in copy number from 108.2662 to 108.7731. Therefore, the non-degrading fungi can improved the accessibility of n-hexane by providing n-hexane adsorbed by the mycelium to the degrading bacteria. In addition, the adsorption tests and characterization of the fungal samples before and after Soxhlet extraction indicated that the adsorption of n-hexane on strain FK conformed to Lagergren's pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich adsorption isotherms, and was correlated with the presence of lipids and nonpolar groups. This study emphasizes the potential role of non-degrading fungi in bioremediation and proposes a viable strategy to enhance the bacterial degradation of hydrophobic VOCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aobo Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Chenjie Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhuowei Cheng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Christian Kennes
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Centre for Advanced Scientific Research - Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), BIOENGIN Group, University of La Coruña, E-15008, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Songkai Qiu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Haina-Water Engineering Research Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghezzi D, Jiménez-Morillo NT, Foschi L, Donini E, Chiarini V, De Waele J, Miller AZ, Cappelletti M. The microbiota characterizing huge carbonatic moonmilk structures and its correlation with preserved organic matter. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2024; 19:25. [PMID: 38659019 PMCID: PMC11040949 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-024-00562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moonmilk represents complex secondary structures and model systems to investigate the interaction between microorganisms and carbonatic rocks. Grotta Nera is characterized by numerous moonmilk speleothems of exceptional size hanging from the ceiling, reaching over two meters in length. In this work we combined microbiological analyses with analytical pyrolysis and carbon stable isotope data to determine the molecular composition of these complex moonmilk structures as well as the composition of the associated microbiota. RESULTS Three moonmilk structures were dissected into the apical, lateral, and core parts, which shared similar values of microbial abundance, richness, and carbon isotopes but different water content, microbiota composition, and organic matter. Moonmilk parts/niches showed higher values of microbial biomass and biodiversity compared to the bedrock (not showing moonmilk development signs) and the waters (collected below dripping moonmilk), indicating the presence of more complex microbial communities linked to carbonate rock interactions and biomineralization processes. Although each moonmilk niche was characterized by a specific microbiota as well as a distinct organic carbon profile, statistical analyses clustered the samples in two main groups, one including the moonmilk lateral part and the bedrock and the other including the core and apical parts of the speleothem. The organic matter profile of both these groups showed two well-differentiated organic carbon groups, one from cave microbial activity and the other from the leaching of vascular plant litter above the cave. Correlation between organic matter composition and microbial taxa in the different moonmilk niches were found, linking the presence of condensed organic compounds in the apical part with the orders Nitrospirales and Nitrosopumilales, while different taxa were correlated with aromatic, lignin, and polysaccharides in the moonmilk core. These findings are in line with the metabolic potential of these microbial taxa suggesting how the molecular composition of the preserved organic matter drives the microbiota colonizing the different moonmilk niches. Furthermore, distinct bacterial and archaeal taxa known to be involved in the metabolism of inorganic nitrogen and C1 gases (CO2 and CH4) (Nitrospira, Nitrosopumilaceae, Nitrosomonadaceae, Nitrosococcaceae, and novel taxa of Methylomirabilota and Methanomassiliicoccales) were enriched in the core and apical parts of the moonmilk, probably in association with their contribution to biogeochemical cycles in Grotta Nera ecosystem and moonmilk development. CONCLUSIONS The moonmilk deposits can be divided into diverse niches following oxygen and water gradients, which are characterized by specific microbial taxa and organic matter composition originating from microbial activities or deriving from soil and vegetation above the cave. The metabolic capacities allowing the biodegradation of complex polymers from the vegetation above the cave and the use of inorganic nitrogen and atmospheric gases might have fueled the development of complex microbial communities that, by interacting with the carbonatic rock, led to the formation of these massive moonmilk speleothems in Grotta Nera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ghezzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Nicasio Tomás Jiménez-Morillo
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, Évora, 7006-554, Portugal
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. de la Reina Mercedes, 10, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
| | - Lisa Foschi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Eva Donini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Veronica Chiarini
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, via Gradenigo 6, Padua, 35131, Italy
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 67, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Jo De Waele
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 67, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Ana Zélia Miller
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. de la Reina Mercedes, 10, Sevilla, 41012, Spain.
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, Évora, 7004-516, Portugal.
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, 40126, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Palma V, González-Pimentel JL, Jimenez-Morillo NT, Sauro F, Gutiérrez-Patricio S, De la Rosa JM, Tomasi I, Massironi M, Onac BP, Tiago I, González-Pérez JA, Laiz L, Caldeira AT, Cubero B, Miller AZ. Connecting molecular biomarkers, mineralogical composition, and microbial diversity from Mars analog lava tubes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169583. [PMID: 38154629 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain) is one of the best terrestrial analogs to Martian volcanology. Particularly, Lanzarote lava tubes may offer access to recognizably preserved chemical and morphological biosignatures valuable for astrobiology. By combining microbiological, mineralogical, and organic geochemistry tools, an in-depth characterization of speleothems and associated microbial communities in lava tubes of Lanzarote is provided. The aim is to untangle the underlying factors influencing microbial colonization in Earth's subsurface to gain insight into the possibility of similar subsurface microbial habitats on Mars and to identify biosignatures preserved in lava tubes unequivocally. The microbial communities with relevant representativeness comprise chemoorganotrophic, halophiles, and/or halotolerant bacteria that have evolved as a result of the surrounding oceanic environmental conditions. Many of these bacteria have a fundamental role in reshaping cave deposits due to their carbonatogenic ability, leaving behind an organic record that can provide evidence of past or present life. Based on functional profiling, we infer that Crossiella is involved in fluorapatite precipitation via urea hydrolysis and propose its Ca-rich precipitates as compelling biosignatures valuable for astrobiology. In this sense, analytical pyrolysis, stable isotope analysis, and chemometrics were conducted to characterize the complex organic fraction preserved in the speleothems and find relationships among organic families, microbial taxa, and precipitated minerals. We relate organic compounds with subsurface microbial taxa, showing that organic families drive the microbiota of Lanzarote lava tubes. Our data indicate that bacterial communities are important contributors to biomarker records in volcanic-hosted speleothems. Within them, the lipid fraction primarily consists of low molecular weight n-alkanes, α-alkenes, and branched-alkenes, providing further evidence that microorganisms serve as the origin of organic matter in these formations. The ongoing research in Lanzarote's lava tubes will help develop protocols, routines, and predictive models that could provide guidance on choosing locations and methodologies for searching potential biosignatures on Mars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Palma
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | | | | | - Francesco Sauro
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environmental Geology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | - José M De la Rosa
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ilaria Tomasi
- Geosciences Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Bogdan P Onac
- Karst Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Emil G. Racoviță Institute, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Igor Tiago
- CFE-Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José A González-Pérez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Leonila Laiz
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana T Caldeira
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Cubero
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Z Miller
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal; Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Méndez-López M, Jiménez-Morillo NT, Fonseca F, de Figueiredo T, Parente-Sendín A, Alonso-Vega F, Arias-Estévez M, Nóvoa-Muñoz JC. Mercury mobilization in shrubland after a prescribed fire in NE Portugal: Insight on soil organic matter composition and different aggregate size. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:167532. [PMID: 37797758 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Soils constitute the major reservoir of mercury (Hg) in terrestrial ecosystems, whose stability may be threatened by wildfires. This research attempts to look at the effect of prescribed fire on the presence of Hg in a shrubland ecosystem from NE Portugal, delving into its relationship with soil aggregate size and the molecular composition of soil organic matter (SOM). During the prescribed fire, on average 347 mg Hg ha-1 were lost from the burnt aboveground biomass of shrubs and 263 mg Hg ha-1 from the combustion of the soil organic horizon. Overall, Hg concentration and pools in the mineral soil did not show significant changes due to burning, which highlights their role as long-term Hg reservoirs. The higher Hg concentrations found in smaller aggregates (<0.2 mm) compared to coarser ones (0.5-2 mm) are favored by the higher degree of organic matter decomposition (low C/N ratio), rather than by greater total organic C contents. The Hg-enriched finest fraction of soil (<0.2 mm) could be more prone to be mobilized by erosion, whose potential arrival to water bodies increases the environmental concern for the Hg present in fire-affected soils. The SOM quality (molecular composition) and the main organic families, analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in combination with multivariate statistical analysis, significantly conditioned the retention/emission of Hg in the uppermost soil layers. Thus, before the fire, Hg was strongly linked to lipid and protein fractions, while Hg appeared to be linked to aromatic-like compounds in fire-affected SOM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Méndez-López
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Ciencias, As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain; Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA), Universidade de Vigo, Campus Auga, Rúa Canella da Costa da Vela 12, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Nicasio Tomás Jiménez-Morillo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Avda. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento (MED), University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Felicia Fonseca
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Sta. Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Tomás de Figueiredo
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Sta. Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Andrea Parente-Sendín
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Ciencias, As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain; Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA), Universidade de Vigo, Campus Auga, Rúa Canella da Costa da Vela 12, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Flora Alonso-Vega
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Ciencias, As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain; Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA), Universidade de Vigo, Campus Auga, Rúa Canella da Costa da Vela 12, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Manuel Arias-Estévez
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Ciencias, As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain; Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA), Universidade de Vigo, Campus Auga, Rúa Canella da Costa da Vela 12, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Nóvoa-Muñoz
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Ciencias, As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain; Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA), Universidade de Vigo, Campus Auga, Rúa Canella da Costa da Vela 12, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Leal ODA, Jiménez-Morillo NT, González-Pérez JA, Knicker H, de Souza Costa F, Jiménez-Morillo PN, de Carvalho Júnior JA, dos Santos JC, Pinheiro Dick D. Soil Organic Matter Molecular Composition Shifts Driven by Forest Regrowth or Pasture after Slash-and-Burn of Amazon Forest. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3485. [PMID: 36834184 PMCID: PMC9962374 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Slash-and-burn of Amazon Forest (AF) for pasture establishment has increased the occurrence of AF wildfires. Recent studies emphasize soil organic matter (SOM) molecular composition as a principal driver of post-fire forest regrowth and restoration of AF anti-wildfire ambience. Nevertheless, SOM chemical shifts caused by AF fires and post-fire vegetation are rarely investigated at a molecular level. We employed pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to reveal molecular changes in SOM (0-10, 40-50 cm depth) of a slash-burn-and-20-month-regrowth AF (BAF) and a 23-year Brachiaria pasture post-AF fire (BRA) site compared to native AF (NAF). In BAF (0-10 cm), increased abundance of unspecific aromatic compounds (UACs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and lipids (Lip) coupled with a depletion of polysaccharides (Pol) revealed strong lingering effects of fire on SOM. This occurs despite fresh litter deposition on soil, suggesting SOM minimal recovery and toxicity to microorganisms. Accumulation of recalcitrant compounds and slow decomposition of fresh forest material may explain the higher carbon content in BAF (0-5 cm). In BRA, SOM was dominated by Brachiaria contributions. At 40-50 cm, alkyl and hydroaromatic compounds accumulated in BRA, whereas UACs accumulated in BAF. UACs and PAH compounds were abundant in NAF, possibly air-transported from BAF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Otávio dos Anjos Leal
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences—Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicasio T. Jiménez-Morillo
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development-MED, Universidade de Évora, Ap 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - José A. González-Pérez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Heike Knicker
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Pedro N. Jiménez-Morillo
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Biológicos, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera, 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - João Andrade de Carvalho Júnior
- Departamento de Energia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha, 333, Portal das Colinas, Guaratinguetá 12516-410, Brazil
| | - José Carlos dos Santos
- Laboratório Associado de Combustão e Propulsão, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Rodovia Presidente Dutra, km 40, Cachoeira Paulista 12630-00, Brazil
| | - Deborah Pinheiro Dick
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
San-Emeterio LM, Jiménez-Morillo NT, Pérez-Ramos IM, Domínguez MT, González-Pérez JA. Changes in soil organic matter molecular structure after five-years mimicking climate change scenarios in a Mediterranean savannah. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159288. [PMID: 36220464 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean savannahs (dehesas) are agro-sylvo-pastoral systems with a marked seasonality, with severe summer drought and favourable rainy spring and autumn. These conditions are forecasted to become more extreme due to the ongoing global climate change. Under such conditions, it is key to understand soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics at a molecular level. Here, analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS) combined with chemometric statistical approaches was used for the molecular characterization of SOM in a five-years field manipulative experiment of single and combined rainfall exclusion (drought) and increased temperature (warming). The results indicate that SOM molecular composition in dehesas is mainly determined by the effect of the tree canopy. After only five years of the climatic experiment, the differences caused by the warming, drought and the combination of warming+drought forced climate scenarios became statistically significant with respect to the untreated controls, notably in the open pasture habitat. The climatic treatments mimicking foreseen climate changes affected mainly the lignocellulose dynamics, but also other SOM compounds (alkanes, fatty acids, isoprenoids and nitrogen compounds) pointing to accelerated humification processes and SOM degradation when soils are under warmer and dryer conditions. Therefore, it is expected that, in the short term, the foreseen climate change scenarios will exert changes in the Mediterranean savannah SOM molecular structure and in its dynamic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Layla M San-Emeterio
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Universidad de Sevilla, MED Soil Res. Group, Dpt. Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Química, C/Prof Garcia Gonzalez 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nicasio T Jiménez-Morillo
- University of Évora, Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento (MED), Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Ignacio M Pérez-Ramos
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María T Domínguez
- Universidad de Sevilla, MED Soil Res. Group, Dpt. Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Química, C/Prof Garcia Gonzalez 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A González-Pérez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiménez-Morillo NT, Almendros G, Miller AZ, Hatcher PG, González-Pérez JA. Hydrophobicity of soils affected by fires: An assessment using molecular markers from ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152957. [PMID: 35016935 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil water repellency (SWR) is a physical property due to a complex interaction of factors (e.g., fire, soil organic matter, soil texture) that reduces the soil water infiltration capacity. Traditionally, SWR is attributed to the accumulation and redistribution of hydrophobic compounds within soil profile. To obtain further insight into chemical compounds, which could be associated with SWR, a study was done on coarse (1-2 mm) and fine (< 0.05 mm) granulometric fractions of burned and unburned sandy soils under two Mediterranean vegetation biomes from Doñana National Park (Spain). The water drop penetration time (WDPT) test was used to assess the SWR. The molecular composition of extracted humic substances from the soil organic matter (SOM) was determined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR/MS). Partial least squares (PLS) regressions showed that the SWR can be predicted (P = 0.006) solely based on the abundances of approximately 1200 common compounds determined by FT-ICR/MS. This model confirmed the significant correlation between a specific SOM molecular composition and the SWR. The comparative analysis revealed that the SWR in the burned samples was significantly (P < 0.05) related to the abundance of aromatic and condensed compounds, while in the unburned samples there was a significant influence of aromatic hydrocarbons and lignin compounds. In the fine fraction, lipid compounds were significantly associated with the SWR. Contrastingly, the coarse fraction did not show any correlation. Alternatively, soils with a high SWR were significantly related to the presence of lipids and lignin. This analysis showed that combining FT-ICR/MS molecular characterizations with statistical treatments is a powerful approach for exploratory analysis suggesting that the structural features associated with SWR in the studied soils are different depending on the types of vegetation or the soil physical fractions with different particle size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Z Miller
- HERCULES-Lab, Universidade de Évora, Palácio do Vimioso, 7000-089 Évora, Portugal; IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Patrick G Hatcher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiménez-Morillo NT, Almendros G, González-Vila FJ, Jordán A, Zavala LM, de la Rosa JM, González-Pérez JA. Fire effects on C and H isotopic composition in plant biomass and soil: Bulk and particle size fractions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:141417. [PMID: 32827815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work studies carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) isotope composition of plant biomass and soil organic matter (SOM) in an attempt to assess both, changes exerted by fire and possible inputs of charred materials to the soil after a wildfire. Isotope composition of bulk soil, soil particle size fractions and biomass of the dominant standing vegetation in the area (Quercus suber) from Doñana National Park (SW-Spain) were studied by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). SOM C isotope composition indicates the occurrence of two SOM pools with different degree of alteration. Coarse soil fractions (>0.5 mm) were found 13C depleted with δ13C values close to those in leaf biomass, pointing to a predominance of poorly transformed SOM. Conversely, fine fractions (<0.1 mm) were found enriched in 13C as corresponds to a more humified SOM. The fire produced no changes in this trend, although a consistent 13C enrichment (c. 1‰) was observed in all soil fractions with decreasing size. Concerning H isotopes, the coarse fractions (>0.5 mm) displayed significant lower δ2H values than the intermediate and fine ones (<0.5 mm), again similar to those in leaf biomass (c. -80‰), whereas the fine fractions were found deuterium (2H)-enriched with significant higher δ2H values (c. 50‰), suggesting physical speciation of H depending on soil particle size. The fire produced a significant 2H depletion (Δ2H c. -10‰) in the finer fractions (<0.1 mm). The study of stable isotope analysis added new information and complements the results obtained by other proxies to better understand the effect of fire on SOM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicasio T Jiménez-Morillo
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Gonzalo Almendros
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Serrano 115-B, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J González-Vila
- MOSS-Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Jordán
- MED_Soil Research Group, Dpto. de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lorena M Zavala
- MED_Soil Research Group, Dpto. de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M de la Rosa
- MOSS-Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A González-Pérez
- MOSS-Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiménez-Morillo NT, Almendros G, De la Rosa JM, Jordán A, Zavala LM, Granged AJP, González-Pérez JA. Effect of a wildfire and of post-fire restoration actions in the organic matter structure in soil fractions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 728:138715. [PMID: 32570307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The impact of wildfires and of restoration actions on soil organic matter (SOM) content and structure was studied in a soil under pine (Pinus pinea) from Doñana National Park (SW Spain). Samples were collected from burnt areas before (B) and after post-fire restoration (BR) and compared with an unburnt (UB) site. Analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS) was used to investigate SOM molecular composition in whole soil samples and in coarse (CF) and fine (FF) fractions. The results were interpreted using a van Krevelen graphical-statistical method. Highest total organic carbon (TOC) was found in UB soil and no differences were found between B and BR soils. The CF had the highest TOC values and FF presented differences among the three scenarios. Respect to SOM structure, the B soil was depleted in lignin and enriched in unspecific aromatics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and in all scenarios, CF SOM consisted mainly of lignocellulose derived compounds and fatty acids. In general, FF SOM was found more altered than CF. High contribution of unspecific aromatic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was observed in B-FF whereas BR-FF samples comprised considerable proportions of compounds from labile biomass, possibly due to soil mixing during rehabilitation actions. The fire caused a defunctionalisation of lignin-derived phenolics and the formation of pyrogenic compounds. The van Krevelen diagram was found useful to-at first sight-differentiate between chemical processes caused by fire and of the rehabilitation actions. Fire exerted SOM demethoxylation, dealkylation and dehydration. Our results indicate that soil management actions after the fire lead to an increase in aromaticity corresponding to the accumulation of lignin and polycyclic aromatic compounds. This suggests additional inputs from charred lignocellulosic biomass, including black carbon, that was incorporated into the soil during rehabilitation practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicasio T Jiménez-Morillo
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; HERCULES Laboratory, Universidade de Évora, Palácio do Vimioso, 7000-089 Évora, Portugal
| | - Gonzalo Almendros
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN, CSIC), C/Serrano 115-B, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M De la Rosa
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), MOSS Group, Av. Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Jordán
- Med_Soil Research Group, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González, 1, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Lorena M Zavala
- Med_Soil Research Group, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González, 1, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Arturo J P Granged
- Med_Soil Research Group, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González, 1, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - José A González-Pérez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), MOSS Group, Av. Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu Y, Zhang N, Slater G, Waddington JM, de Lannoy CF. Hydrophobicity of peat soils: Characterization of organic compound changes associated with heat-induced water repellency. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136444. [PMID: 31986381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Boreal peatlands provide critical global and regional ecosystem functions including climate regulation and nutrient and water retention. Wildfire represents the largest disturbance to these ecosystems. Peatland resilience depends greatly on the extent of post-fire peat soil hydrophobicity. Climate change is altering wildfire intensity and severity and consequently impacting post-fire peat soil chemistry and structure. However, research on fire-impacted peatlands has rarely considered the influence of peat soil chemistry and structure on peatland resilience. Here we characterized the geochemical and physical properties of natural peat soils under laboratory heating conditions. The general trend observed is that hydrophilic peat soils become hydrophobic under moderate heating and then become hydrophilic again after heating for longer, or at higher, temperatures. The loss of peat soil hydrophilicity initially occurs due to evaporative water loss (250 °C and 300 °C for <5 min). Gently but thoroughly dried peat soils (105 °C for 24 h) also show mass losses after heating, indicating the loss of organic compounds through thermal degradation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the chemistry of unburned and 300 °C burned peat soils, and various fatty acids, polycyclic compounds, saccharides, aromatic acids, short-chain molecules, lignin and carbohydrates were identified. We determined that the heat-induced degradation of polycyclic compounds and aliphatic hydrocarbons, especially fatty acids, caused dried, hydrophobic peat soils to become hydrophilic after only 20 min of heating at 300 °C. Furthermore, peat soils became hydrophilic more quickly (20 min vs 6 h) with an increase in heat from 250 °C to 300 °C. Minimal structural changes occurred, as characterized by BET and SEM analyses, confirming that surface chemistry, in particular fatty acid content, rather than structure govern changes in peat soil hydrophobicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Greg Slater
- School of Geography & Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miller AZ, De la Rosa JM, Jiménez-Morillo NT, Pereira MFC, Gonzalez-Perez JA, Knicker H, Saiz-Jimenez C. Impact of wildfires on subsurface volcanic environments: New insights into speleothem chemistry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134321. [PMID: 31783462 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Siliceous speleothems frequently reported in volcanic caves have been traditionally interpreted as resulting from basalt weathering combined with the activity of microbial communities. A characteristic feature in lava tubes from Hawaii, Azores and Canary Islands is the occurrence of black jelly-like speleothems. Here we describe the formation process of siliceous black speleothems found in a lava tube from La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain, based on mineralogy, microscopy, light stable isotopes, analytical pyrolysis, NMR spectroscopy and chemometric analyses. The data indicate that the black speleothems are composed of a hydrated gel matrix of amorphous aluminum silicate materials containing charred vegetation and thermally degraded resins from pines or triterpenoids from Erica arborea, characteristic of the overlying laurel forest. This is the first observation of a connection between fire and speleothem chemistry from volcanic caves. We conclude that wildfires and organic matter from the surface area overlying caves may play an important role in the formation of speleothems found in La Palma and demonstrate that siliceous speleothems are potential archives for past fires.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Z Miller
- Laboratório HERCULES, Universidade de Évora, Largo Marquês de Marialva 8, 7000-676 Évora, Portugal; Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - José M De la Rosa
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Manuel F C Pereira
- CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José A Gonzalez-Perez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Heike Knicker
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao W, Zhou Y, Xu H. Formula and basic geochemical research to create new technology for vegetation restoration of mine slag heap (slope). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:2464-2473. [PMID: 30830666 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation restoration of slag heap (slope) is of great significance in environmental protection, but it is difficult because of the lack of soil. This study proposes a new technology for vegetation restoration of mine slag pile based on a mixed substrate of mine slag and soil. The ecological mechanism of vegetation in mountainous areas with soil-rock mix substrate was investigated through pot and field experiments, in which physical and chemical analyses of various components as well as the calculation of dosage and other parameters were performed. Soil testing formula, plant selection, pot experiment, and ground planting experiment were selected as the key links. The results showed that, in addition to N, P, K, and organic matter, the content of fine particles was the main factor determining whether the soil-rock mixture could meet the growth and development requirements of plants. The content of fine particles significantly affects the water-supply capacity and water-holding capacity of the soil-rock mixture matrix. The higher the content of fine particles, the better the water-supply capacity and water-holding capacity. The mixture of artificial rocks and fine soil could be stirred evenly when 50-200% fine soil or fine soil + tailings were mixed into the mine waste residue, thus providing good vegetation restoration effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhao
- College of Resources Science of Land, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China.
- Baoding Academy of Ecological Civilization in Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Yapeng Zhou
- College of Resources Science of Land, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
- Baoding Academy of Ecological Civilization in Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Resources Science of Land, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
- Baoding Academy of Ecological Civilization in Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Factors Determining Soil Water Repellency in Two Coniferous Plantations on a Hillslope. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10090730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil water repellency (SWR) is a cause of low water infiltration, overland flow and soil erosion in mountainous coniferous plantations in Japan. The factors determining SWR intensity were investigated in two coniferous plantations of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold et Zucc.) Endl. and Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don, using intact tree plots and cut tree plots on the same hillslope. The SWR of Ch. obtusa plots was stronger than that of Cr. japonica plots. SWR intensity decreased after tree cutting. There were no significant differences in SWR upslope and downslope of individual trees/stumps for both tree species, though areas downslope of individual Ch. obtusa trees had higher SWR intensity than those upslope. SWR intensity and soil aggregate stability were positively correlated in the Ch. obtusa intact tree plot (r = 0.88, p < 0.01), whereas in the cut tree plot, this correlation was weak with no significance (r = 0.29, p = 0.41). Soil aggregate size had a non-significant influence on SWR intensity. These findings suggest that SWR intensity was not related to the soil aggregate size, but SWR intensity seemed have a role in soil aggregation in the Ch. obtusa intact tree plot. Destruction of soil aggregates could occur after tree cutting because of physical disturbances or increased input of different types of organic matter from other vegetation into soil. The presence of Ch. obtusa introduces a source of SWR, although uncertainty remains about how water repellency is distributed around soil aggregates. The distribution pattern of soil water content and soil hydraulic conductivity around Cr. japonica was related to other factors such as the litter layer and non-water-repellant soil.
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiménez-Morillo NT, González-Pérez JA, Almendros G, De la Rosa JM, Waggoner DC, Jordán A, Zavala LM, González-Vila FJ, Hatcher PG. Ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry of physical speciation patterns of organic matter in fire-affected soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 225:139-147. [PMID: 30077885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fire is one of the most important modulating factors of the environment and the forest inducing chemical and biological changes on the most reactive soil component, the soil organic matter (SOM). Assuming the complex composition of the SOM, we used an ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry analysis technique to assess the chemical composition and fire-induced alterations in soil particle size fractions (coarse and fine) from a sandy soil in a Mediterranean oak forest at Doñana National Park (Southwest Spain). Electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICRMS) showed that the coarse fraction of soils not affected by fires consisted mainly of polyphenolic compounds consistent with little-transformed SOM and fresh biomass, whereas the fine fraction was enriched in protein and lipid like homologues suggesting microbially reworked SOM. In fire-affected SOM, the coarse fraction contained a high proportion of aromatic compounds, consistent with inputs of charred litter or in situ chemical transformation of the SOM. Analysis of the fine fraction revealed two differentiated chemical families pointing to the existence of two carbon pools; a native microbial-derived moiety composed of lipids and polypeptide compounds, and a secondary, pyrogenic or thermally-altered moiety rich in aromatic compounds. This work represents the first application of ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry to study the chemical composition of SOM in different particle size fractions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicasio T Jiménez-Morillo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Reina Mercedes Av., 10, 41012, Seville, Spain.
| | - José A González-Pérez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Reina Mercedes Av., 10, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Almendros
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Serrano St. 115-B, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M De la Rosa
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Reina Mercedes Av., 10, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Derek C Waggoner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Antonio Jordán
- Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González St., 1, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Lorena M Zavala
- Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González St., 1, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J González-Vila
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Reina Mercedes Av., 10, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Patrick G Hatcher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| |
Collapse
|