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Byun G, Kim S, Choi Y, Kim A, Team AC, Lee JT, Bell ML. Long-term exposure to PM 2.5 and mortality in a national cohort in South Korea: effect modification by community deprivation, medical infrastructure, and greenness. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1266. [PMID: 38720292 PMCID: PMC11080206 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to PM2.5 has been linked to increased mortality risk. However, limited studies have examined the potential modifying effect of community-level characteristics on this association, particularly in Asian contexts. This study aimed to estimate the effects of long-term exposure to PM2.5 on mortality in South Korea and to examine whether community-level deprivation, medical infrastructure, and greenness modify these associations. METHODS We conducted a nationwide cohort study using the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. A total of 394,701 participants aged 30 years or older in 2006 were followed until 2019. Based on modelled PM2.5 concentrations, 1 to 3-year and 5-year moving averages of PM2.5 concentrations were assigned to each participant at the district level. Time-varying Cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate the association between PM2.5 and non-accidental, circulatory, and respiratory mortality. We further conducted stratified analysis by community-level deprivation index, medical index, and normalized difference vegetation index to represent greenness. RESULTS PM2.5 exposure, based on 5-year moving averages, was positively associated with non-accidental (Hazard ratio, HR: 1.10, 95% Confidence Interval, CI: 1.01, 1.20, per 10 µg/m3 increase) and circulatory mortality (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.47). The 1-year moving average of PM2.5 was associated with respiratory mortality (HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.67). We observed higher associations between PM2.5 and mortality in communities with higher deprivation and limited medical infrastructure. Communities with higher greenness showed lower risk for circulatory mortality but higher risk for respiratory mortality in association with PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS Our study found mortality effects of long-term PM2.5 exposure and underlined the role of community-level factors in modifying these association. These findings highlight the importance of considering socio-environmental contexts in the design of air quality policies to reduce health disparities and enhance overall public health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garam Byun
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sera Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsoo Choi
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Ayoung Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - AiMS-Create Team
- Ai-Machine learning Statistics Collaborative Research Ensemble for Air pollution, Temperature, and all types of Environmental exposures, Seoul National University and Pusan National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- School of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Hana Science Hall, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- School of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Hana Science Hall, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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Li X, Wang X, Yuan L, Wang L, Ma Y, Cao R, Xie Y, Xiong Y, Ning P. Cu/Biochar Bifunctional Catalytic Removal of COS and H 2S:H 2O Dissociation and CuO Anchoring Enhanced by Pyridine N. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4802-4811. [PMID: 38427711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Economic and environmentally friendly strategies are needed to promote the bifunctional catalytic removal of carbonyl sulfide (COS) by hydrolysis and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) by oxidation. N doping is considered to be an effective strategy, but the essential and intrinsic role of N dopants in catalysts is still not well understood. Herein, the conjugation of urea and biochar during Cu/biochar annealing produced pyridine N, which increased the combined COS/H2S capacity of the catalyst from 260.7 to 374.8 mg·g-1 and enhanced the turnover frequency of H2S from 2.50 × 10-4 to 5.35 × 10-4 s-1. The nucleophilic nature of pyridine N enhances the moderate basic sites of the catalyst, enabling the attack of protons and strong H2O dissociation. Moreover, pyridine N also forms cavity sites that anchor CuO, improving Cu dispersion and generating more reactive oxygen species. By providing original insight into the pyridine N-induced bifunctional catalytic removal of COS/H2S in a slightly oxygenated and humid atmosphere, this study offers valuable guidance for further C═S and C-S bond-breaking in the degradation of sulfur-containing pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Langlang Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yixing Ma
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yibing Xie
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yiran Xiong
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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Pouri N, Karimi B, Kolivand A, Mirhoseini SH. Ambient dust pollution with all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168945. [PMID: 38042201 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
A severe health crisis has been well-documented regarding dust particle exposure. We aimed to present the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality due to particulate matter (PM) exposure during non-dust and dust storm events by performing a meta-analysis. A systematic review of the literature was conducted by an online search of the databases (Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed) with no restrictions according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines until December 2022. We performed a random-effects model to compute the pooled rate ratio (RR) of mortality with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). The Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) risk of bias rating tool was prepared to assess the quality of the individual study. The registration number in PROSPERO was CRD42023423212. We found a 16 % (95 % CI: 0.7 %, 24 %) increase in all-cause, 25 % (95 % CI: 14 %, 37 %) increase in cardiovascular, and 18 % (95 % CI: 13 %, 22 %) increase in respiratory mortality per 10 μg/m3 increment in dust exposure. Furthermore, the RRs per 10 μg/m3 increment in PM10-2.5 were 1.046 (95 % CI: 1.019, 1.072)¸ 1.085 (95 % CI: 1.045, 1.0124), and 1.089 (95 % CI: 0.939, 1.24) for all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, respectively. PM10 during dust days significantly increased the all-cause (1.013, 95 % CI: 1.007, 1.018) cardiovascular mortality risk (1.014, 95 % CI: 1.009, 1.02). We also found significant evidence for all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality among females and the elderly age group due to dust particle (PM10-2.5 and PM10) exposure. Our results provided significant evidence about high concentrations of PM10-2.5 and PM10 during dust storm events related to mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Pouri
- Students Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Behrooz Karimi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Ali Kolivand
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamed Mirhoseini
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Ruiz-Sobremazas D, Rodulfo-Cárdenas R, Ruiz-Coca M, Morales-Navas M, Teresa Colomina M, López-Granero C, Sánchez-Santed F, Perez-Fernandez C. Uncovering the link between air pollution and neurodevelopmental alterations during pregnancy and early life exposure: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105314. [PMID: 37442496 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution plays, nowadays, a huge role in human's health and in the personal economy. Moreover, there has been a rise in the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders like the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in recent years. Current scientific studies have established a link between prenatal or perinatal exposure to environmental pollutants and ASD. This systematic review summarizes the current literature available about the relationship between exposure to air pollutants (particulate matter [PM], Second Organic Aerosols [SOA], Diesel Exhaust [DE], and Traffic Related Air Pollution [TRAP]) and neurodevelopmental disorders in preclinical models using rats and mice. The articles were selected and filtered using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, and bias-evaluated using the SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool. Overall, our findings suggest that air pollutants are associated with negative developmental outcomes characterized by ASD-like behaviors, abnormal biochemical patterns, and impaired achievement of developmental milestones in rodents. However, there is not sufficient information in certain domains to establish a clear relationship. Short phrases for indexing terms: Air pollution affects neurodevelopment; PM exposure modifies glutamate system; Prenatal exposure combined with postnatal affect more to behavioral / cognitive domain; Air pollution modifies social behavior in rodents; Cognitive deficits can be detected after gestational exposure to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ruiz-Sobremazas
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Rocío Rodulfo-Cárdenas
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Reus, Spain
| | - Mario Ruiz-Coca
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Miguel Morales-Navas
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Colomina
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Reus, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Cristian Perez-Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120 Almeria, Spain.
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Święczkowski M, Dobrzycki S, Kuźma Ł. Multi-City Analysis of the Acute Effect of Polish Smog on Cause-Specific Mortality (EP-PARTICLES Study). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085566. [PMID: 37107848 PMCID: PMC10139136 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Polish smog is a specific type of air pollution present in Eastern Poland, which may cause particularly adverse cardiovascular effects. It is characterized primarily by high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and different favorable conditions of formation. Our study aimed to assess whether PM and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) have a short-term impact on mortality due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and ischemic stroke (IS). The study covered the years 2016-2020, a total of 6 million person-years from five main cities in Eastern Poland. To evaluate the association between air pollution and cause-specific mortality, a case-crossover study design with conditional logistic regression was used at days with LAG from 0 to 2. We recorded 87,990 all-cause deaths, including 9688 and 3776 deaths due to ACS and IS, respectively. A 10 μg/m3 increase in air pollutants was associated with an increase in mortality due to ACS (PM2.5 OR = 1.029, 95%CI 1.011-1.047, p = 0.002; PM10 OR = 1.015, 95%CI 1-1.029, p = 0.049) on LAG 0. On LAG 1 we recorded an increase in both IS (PM2.5 OR = 1.03, 95%CI 1.001-1.058, p = 0.04) and ACS (PM2.5 OR = 1.028, 95%CI 1.01-1.047, p = 0.003; PM10 OR = 1.026, 95%CI 1.011-1.041, p = 0.001; NO2 OR = 1.036, 95%CI 1.003-1.07, p = 0.04). There was a strong association between air pollution and cause-specific mortality in women (ACS: PM2.5 OR = 1.032, 95%CI 1.006-1.058, p = 0.01; PM10 OR = 1.028, 95%CI 1.008-1.05, p = 0.01) and elderly (ACS: PM2.5 OR = 1.03, 95%CI 1.01-1.05, p = 0.003; PM10 OR = 1.027, 95% CI 1.011-1.043, p < 0.001 and IS: PM2.5 OR = 1.037, 95%CI 1.007-1.069, p = 0.01; PM10 OR = 1.025, 95%CI 1.001-1.05, p = 0.04). The negative influence of PMs was observed on mortality due to ACS and IS. NO2 was associated with only ACS-related mortality. The most vulnerable subgroups were women and the elderly.
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Oak YJ, Park RJ, Lee JT, Byun G. Future air quality and premature mortality in Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161134. [PMID: 36587681 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We simulate air quality in Korea for the present, the near-term, and the long-term future conditions under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1: most sustainable pathway with strong emissions control, SSP3: most challenging pathway with mild emissions control) using a chemical transport model. Simulated future concentrations of NO2, SO2, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), show, in general, lower values compared to the present with varying degrees depending on SSP scenarios. Significant reductions in precursor emissions result in a decrease in O3 concentrations under a NOx-limited environment in the long-term future under SSP1. Under SSP3, O3 increases in the future under a VOC-limited regime, driven by increased CH4 levels and biogenic VOC emissions under the warming climate. Concentrations of PM2.5 and its components, including sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and organic aerosols (OA), generally decrease in the long-term future under both scenarios. However, the contribution of biogenic secondary OA (BSOA) to PM2.5 will increase in the future. Simulated results are used to estimate cardiorespiratory mortality changes with concentration-response factors from epidemiologic studies in Korea based on national health surveys and Korean cohorts, using projected population structures from the SSP database. The cardiorespiratory health burden of long-term exposure to O3, NO2, SO2, and PM2.5 is estimated to be 10,419 (95 % confidence interval: 1271-17,142), 8630 (0-18,713), 3958 (0-9272), and 10,431 (1411-20,643) deaths in 2019. We find that the total cardiorespiratory excess mortality due to air pollutants under SSP1 decreases by 8 % and 95 % in 2045 and 2095, respectively. Under SSP3, excess mortality increases by 80 % in 2045, and decreases by 22 % in 2095, resulting in a substantial difference in the health outcomes depending on the emission scenario. We also find that the BSOA contribution to total PM2.5 will differ by region, emphasizing the potential health impact of BSOA on a local scale in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin J Oak
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rokjin J Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jong-Tae Lee
- School of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Garam Byun
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Bo YC, Yu T, Guo C, Lin CC, Yang HT, Chang LYY, Thomas GN, Tam T, Lau AKH, Lao XQ. Cardiovascular Mortality, Habitual Exercise, and Particulate Matter 2.5 Exposure: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Am J Prev Med 2023; 64:250-258. [PMID: 36272861 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Habitual exercise may amplify the respiratory uptake of air pollutants in the lung, exacerbating the adverse effects of air pollution. However, it is unclear whether this can reduce the health benefits of habitual exercise (referred to as leisure-time exercise). Thus, the combined effects of habitual exercise and chronic exposure to ambient fine particulate matter 2.5 on cardiovascular mortality were examined among adults in Taiwan. METHODS A total of 384,128 adults were recruited between 2001 and 2016 and followed up to May 31, 2019. Participants' vital status was obtained by matching their unique identification numbers with records of cardiovascular death in the National Death Registry of Taiwan. A time-varying Cox regression model was used to analyze the data. Analyses were conducted in 2021. RESULTS Cardiovascular death risks were inversely associated with habitual exercise and positively associated with chronic exposure to particulate matter 2.5. The beneficial effects of habitual exercise on cardiovascular mortality were not modified by chronic exposure to particulate matter 2.5. Inactive participants with high particulate matter 2.5 exposure exhibited a 123% higher risk of cardiovascular death than high-exercise-group participants exposed to low levels of particulate matter 2.5 (95% CI=89, 163). CONCLUSIONS High level of habitual exercise combined with low exposure level of ambient particulate matter 2.5 is associated with the lowest risk of cardiovascular death. A higher level of habitual exercise is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular death at all levels of particulate matter 2.5 exposure studied. The results indicate that habitual exercise is a safe health promotion strategy even for people residing in relatively polluted regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacong C Bo
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhenghzou, China
| | - Tsung Yu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Cui Guo
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Changqing C Lin
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Hsiao Ting Yang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Central Ave, Hong Kong
| | | | - G N Thomas
- Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Tam
- Department of Sociology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Central Ave, Hong Kong
| | - Alexis K H Lau
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Xiang Qian Lao
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Central Ave, Hong Kong; Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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Woo HD, Song DS, Choi SH, Park JK, Lee K, Yun HY, Choi DR, Koo YS, Park HY. Integrated dataset of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study cohort with estimated air pollution data. Epidemiol Health 2022; 44:e2022071. [PMID: 36108673 PMCID: PMC9849844 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2022071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Public concern about the adverse health effects of air pollution has grown rapidly in Korea, and there has been increasing demand for research on ways to minimize the health effects of air pollution. Integrating large epidemiological data and air pollution exposure levels can provide a data infrastructure for studying ambient air pollution and its health effects. The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), a large population-based study, has been used in many epidemiological studies of chronic diseases. Therefore, KoGES cohort data were linked to air pollution data as a national resource for air pollution studies. Air pollution data were produced using community multiscale air quality modeling with additional adjustment of monitoring data, satellite-derived aerosol optical depth, normalized difference vegetation index, and meteorological data to increase the accuracy and spatial resolution. The modeled air pollution data were linked to the KoGES cohort based on participants' geocoded residential addresses in grids of 1 km (particulate matter) or 9 km (gaseous air pollutants and meteorological variables). As the integrated data become available to all researchers, this resource is expected to serve as a useful infrastructure for research on the health effects of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Dong Woo
- Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Dae Sub Song
- Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sun Ho Choi
- Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Park
- Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyoungho Lee
- Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hui-Young Yun
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anyang University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Dae-Ryun Choi
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anyang University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Youn-Seo Koo
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anyang University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Park
- Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea,Correspondence: Hyun-Young Park Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28159, Korea E-mail:
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Li R, Chen G, Liu X, Pan M, Kang N, Hou X, Liao W, Dong X, Yuchi Y, Mao Z, Huo W, Wang X, Guo Y, Li S, Hou J, Wang C. Aging biomarkers: Potential mediators of association between long-term ozone exposure and risk of atherosclerosis. J Intern Med 2022; 292:512-522. [PMID: 35417071 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to ambient ozone links to aging biomarkers and increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). However, the roles of aging biomarkers in the association of long-term exposure to ambient ozone with ASCVD are unclear. METHODS A total of 5298 participants completed the questionnaire and physical examination and provided biological specimens. Aging biomarkers (telomere length [TL] and mitochondrial copy number [mtDNA-CN]) were measured by using a real-time polymerase chain reaction method. The concentration of ambient ozone was assessed using a random forest model. Associations of ambient ozone or aging biomarkers with 10-year ASCVD risk were analyzed using logistic regression models. The roles of aging biomarkers in the association of ambient ozone exposure with 10-year ASCVD risk were explored by mediation analysis. RESULTS The adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval of high 10-year ASCVD risk were 1.16 (1.08, 1.25), 0.71 (0.60, 0.85), and 0.78 (0.64, 0.96) in association with each 1-unit increment in ambient ozone (1 μg/m3 ) concentration, relative TL, and mtDNA-CN, respectively. The mediated proportion of the association between ambient ozone exposure and high 10-year ASCVD risk by TL or mtDNA-CN was 21.13% or 7.75%, respectively. The total proportion of association between ambient ozone exposure and high 10-year ASCVD risk mediated by TL plus mtDNA-CN was 21.02%. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to ambient ozone was associated with increased 10-year ASCVD risk, and the association was partially mediated by aging biomarkers (shortened TL and decreased mtDNA-CN). This study indicated that ambient ozone pollution-related ASCVD risk might be partially explained by the telomere-mitochondrial axis of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaotian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Mingming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Ning Kang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaokang Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yinghao Yuchi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
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Loft S, Andersen ZJ, Jørgensen JT, Kristiansen AD, Dam JK, Cramer J, Westendorp RGJ, Lund R, Lim Y. Use of candles and risk of cardiovascular and respiratory events in a Danish cohort study. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e13086. [PMID: 36040281 PMCID: PMC9546142 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Burning candles at home emit small particles and gases that pollute indoor air. Exposure to fine particles in outdoor air has been convincingly linked to cardiovascular and respiratory events, while the associations with fine and ultrafine particles from candle burning remain unexplored. We examined the association between the use of candles and incident cardiovascular and respiratory events. We collected data on 6757 participants of the Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank cohort recruited in 2009 and followed them up for the first hospital contact for incident cardiovascular and respiratory events until 2018. We investigated an association between the self-reported frequency of candle use in wintertime and cardiovascular and respiratory events, using Cox regression models adjusting for potential confounders. During follow-up, 1462 and 834 were admitted for cardiovascular and respiratory events, respectively. We found null associations between candle use and a hospital contact due to cardiovascular and respiratory events, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.84, 1.11) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.18), respectively, among those using candles >4 times/week compared with <1 time/week. For cause-specific cardiovascular diseases, HRs were 1.10 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.43) for ischemic heart disease and 1.18 (95% CI: 0.77, 1.81) for myocardial infarction. For chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HR was 1.26 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.97). We found no statistically significant associations between candle use and the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory events. Studies with improved exposure assessments are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Loft
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Zorana J. Andersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jeanette Therming Jørgensen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Amalie Darling Kristiansen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Julie Kamstrup Dam
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Johannah Cramer
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Rudi G. J. Westendorp
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Rikke Lund
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Youn‐Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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So R, Andersen ZJ, Chen J, Stafoggia M, de Hoogh K, Katsouyanni K, Vienneau D, Rodopoulou S, Samoli E, Lim YH, Jørgensen JT, Amini H, Cole-Hunter T, Mahmood Taghavi Shahri S, Maric M, Bergmann M, Liu S, Azam S, Loft S, Westendorp RGJ, Mortensen LH, Bauwelinck M, Klompmaker JO, Atkinson R, Janssen NAH, Oftedal B, Renzi M, Forastiere F, Strak M, Thygesen LC, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Mehta AJ. Long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality in a Danish nationwide administrative cohort study: Beyond mortality from cardiopulmonary disease and lung cancer. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 164:107241. [PMID: 35544998 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases is well established, yet the evidence for other diseases remains limited. OBJECTIVES To examine the associations of long-term exposure to air pollution with mortality from diabetes, dementia, psychiatric disorders, chronic kidney disease (CKD), asthma, acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), as well as mortality from all-natural and cardiorespiratory causes in the Danish nationwide administrative cohort. METHODS We followed all residents aged ≥ 30 years (3,083,227) in Denmark from 1 January 2000 until 31 December 2017. Annual mean concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), and ozone (warm season) were estimated using European-wide hybrid land-use regression models (100 m × 100 m) and assigned to baseline residential addresses. We used Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the association between air pollution and mortality, accounting for demographic and socioeconomic factors. We additionally applied indirect adjustment for smoking and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS During 47,023,454 person-years of follow-up, 803,881 people died from natural causes. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 (mean: 12.4 µg/m3), NO2 (20.3 µg/m3), and/or BC (1.0 × 10-5/m) was statistically significantly associated with all studied mortality outcomes except CKD. A 5 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with higher mortality from all-natural causes (hazard ratio 1.11; 95% confidence interval 1.09-1.13), cardiovascular disease (1.09; 1.07-1.12), respiratory disease (1.11; 1.07-1.15), lung cancer (1.19; 1.15-1.24), diabetes (1.10; 1.04-1.16), dementia (1.05; 1.00-1.10), psychiatric disorders (1.38; 1.27-1.50), asthma (1.13; 0.94-1.36), and ALRI (1.14; 1.09-1.20). Associations with long-term exposure to ozone (mean: 80.2 µg/m3) were generally negative but became significantly positive for several endpoints in two-pollutant models. Generally, associations were attenuated but remained significant after indirect adjustment for smoking and BMI. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and/or BC in Denmark were associated with mortality beyond cardiorespiratory diseases, including diabetes, dementia, psychiatric disorders, asthma, and ALRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina So
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Zorana J Andersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanette T Jørgensen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heresh Amini
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Cole-Hunter
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Matija Maric
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Bergmann
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shuo Liu
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shadi Azam
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rudi G J Westendorp
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laust H Mortensen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Denmark Statistics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mariska Bauwelinck
- Interface Demography - Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jochem O Klompmaker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Atkinson
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicole A H Janssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bente Oftedal
- Department of Air Quality and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Matteo Renzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Science Policy & Epidemiology Environmental Research Group King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maciek Strak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lau C Thygesen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amar J Mehta
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Denmark Statistics, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jung J, Lee EM, Myung W, Kim H, Kim H, Lee H. Burden of dust storms on years of life lost in Seoul, South Korea: A distributed lag analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 296:118710. [PMID: 34958849 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although dust storms have been associated with adverse health outcomes, studies on the burden of dust storms on deaths are limited. As global warming has induced significant climate changes in recent decades, which have accelerated desertification worldwide, it is necessary to evaluate the burden of dust storm-induced premature mortality using a critical measure of disease burden, such as the years of life lost (YLL). The YLL attributable to dust storms have not been examined to date. This study investigated the association between Asian dust storms (ADS) and the YLL in Seoul, South Korea, during 2002-2013. We conducted a time-series study using a generalized additive model assuming a Gaussian distribution and applied a distributed lag model with a maximum lag of 5 days to investigate the delayed and cumulative effects of ADS on the YLL. We also conducted stratified analyses using the cause of death (respiratory and cardiovascular diseases) and sociodemographic status (sex, age, education level, occupation, and marital status). During the study period, 108 ADS events occurred, and the average daily YLL was 1511 years due to non-accidental causes. The cumulative ADS exposure over the 6-day lag period was associated with a significant increase of 104.7 (95% CI, 31.0-178.5 years) and 34.4 years (4.0-64.7 years) in the YLL due to non-accidental causes and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. Sociodemographic analyses revealed associations between ADS exposure and the YLL in males, both <65 and ≥ 65 years old, those with middle-level education, and the unemployed, unmarried, and widowed (26.5-83.8 years). This study provides new evidence suggesting that exposure to dust storms significantly increases the YLL. Our findings suggest that dust storms are a critical environmental risk affecting premature mortality. These results could contribute to the establishment of public health policies aimed at managing dust storm exposure and reducing premature deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Jung
- Data Management and Statistics Institute, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 27 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido, 10326, South Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Lee
- Department of Health Administration, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26493, South Korea
| | - Woojae Myung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Hyekyeong Kim
- Department of Health Convergence, College of Science and Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Ho Kim
- Department of Public Health Science, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Kwanak-ro, Kwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Lee
- Department of Health Administration and Management, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan, 31538, South Korea; Department of Software Convergence, Soonchunhyang University Graduate School, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan, 31538, South Korea.
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13
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Associations between Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure and Risk of Osteoporosis-Related Fracture in a Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042404. [PMID: 35206592 PMCID: PMC8872590 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bone health is a major concern for aging populations globally. Osteoporosis and bone mineral density are associated with air pollution, but less is known about the impacts of air pollution on osteoporotic fracture. We aimed to assess the associations between long-term air pollution exposure and risk of osteoporotic fracture in seven large Korean cities. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard rations (HRs) of time-varying moving window of past exposures of particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) for osteoporotic fracture in Korean adults (age ≥ 50 years) in the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort data, followed 2002 to 2015. HRs were calculated for an interquartile range (IQR) increase. Comorbidity and prescription associated with osteoporosis, age, sex, body mass index, health behaviors, and income were adjusted in the models. Effect modification by age, sex, exercise, and income was examined. We assessed 56,467 participants over 535,481 person-years of follow up. Linear and positive exposure-response associations were found for SO2, while PM10 and NO2 showed nonlinear associations. SO2 was associated with osteoporosis-related fracture with marginal significance (HR for an IQR [2 ppb] increase = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.09). The SO2 HR estimates were robust in analyses applying various moving windows of exposure (from one to three years of past exposure) and two-pollutant models. The central HR estimate of O3 implied positive associations but was not significant (HR for 0.007 ppm increase = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.06). PM10, CO, and NO2 did not show associations. Vulnerable groups by sex, age, exercise, and income varied across air pollutants and there was no evidence of effect modifications. Long-term exposure to SO2, but not PM10, CO, NO2 and O3, was associated with increased osteoporotic fracture risks in Korean adults.
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14
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Wang M, Zhou T, Song Q, Ma H, Hu Y, Heianza Y, Qi L. Ambient air pollution, healthy diet and vegetable intakes, and mortality: a prospective UK Biobank study. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 51:1243-1253. [PMID: 35179602 PMCID: PMC9365625 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest potential interactions of air pollutants with dietary factors and genetic susceptibility on mortality risk; however, evidence from prospective studies is still lacking. We aimed to assess the association between air pollution and mortality, and investigate the modification effects of a healthy diet and genetic susceptibility. METHODS A total of 386 937 participants were enrolled from 2006 to 2010 and followed up to 2018 in the UK Biobank study. The annual average air pollutant concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with diameters ≤2.5 (PM2.5), ≤10 (PM10) and between 2.5 and 10 µm (PM2.5-10) and nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NOx) were calculated and linked to participants' residential addresses. Healthy dietary patterns were evaluated by a healthy diet score (HDS) based on intakes of vegetables, fruit, fish, unprocessed red meat and processed meat. We also calculated genetic risk score (GRS) of the lifespan. We examined potential interactions by setting variable cross-product terms of air pollutants with diets or GRS in the models. RESULTS We identified 11 881 deaths [2426 from cardiovascular diseases (CVD), 1211 from coronary heart disease (CHD) and 466 from stroke] during a median follow-up of 8.9 years. We found that PM2.5 [hazard ratio (HR), 1.27; 95% CI, 1.05-1.55], PM10 (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04-1.34), NO2 (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08), and NOx (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03) were associated with all-cause mortality. PM2.5 was also associated with increased risks of CVD mortality (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.10-2.56) and CHD mortality (HR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.16-3.75). In addition, we found that adherence to healthy dietary patterns modified associations of PM2.5, NO2 and NOx with all-cause mortality (P-interaction = 0.006, 0.006 and 0.02, respectively). Among the individual dietary components, vegetable intakes showed interactions with PM2.5, NO2 and NOx (P-interaction = 0.007, 0.004 and 0.02, respectively). The associations between air pollutants and increased risks of all-cause mortality were attenuated among participants with higher vegetable intakes. We did not observe interactions between air pollutants and HDS on CVD, CHD or stroke mortality (P-interaction > 0.05). Besides, we did not find interactions between air pollutants and genetic risk for lifespan on mortality risk. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence linking long-term exposure to various air pollutants to the risk of all-cause, CVD and CHD mortality, and the potential attenuation of a healthy diet, especially high vegetable intakes, on such relations. Our findings highlight the importance of adherence to a healthy diet in lowering ambient air-pollution-related mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Qiying Song
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA,Department of Child Healthcare, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Institute, Bao'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Corresponding author: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. E-mail:
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15
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Choi SB, Yun S, Kim SJ, Park YB, Oh K. Effects of exposure to ambient air pollution on pulmonary function impairment in South Korea: Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Epidemiol Health 2021; 43:e2021082. [PMID: 34665957 PMCID: PMC8861554 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2021082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the association between pulmonary function and air pollution using 2007–2017 data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationwide cross-sectional representative survey. METHODS A total of 27,378 participants that had sampling weights from a complex sample survey were included in this study. Using the data for forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity, the participants with pulmonary function impairment were classified according to the criteria of restrictive lung disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Exposure to ambient air pollution was estimated using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses with complex samples were used to determine the associations between pulmonary function and air pollution after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS In total, 13.2% of the participants aged >40 years had COPD, and 10.7% were classified as being in the restrictive lung disease group. According to the multivariate logistic regression model, the odds ratios for the fourth quartiles of particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter (PM10), particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) with a 2-year lag period were 1.203 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.036 to 1.396), 1.283 (95% CI, 1.101 to1.495), and 1.292 (95% CI, 1.110 to 1.504), respectively, using the restrictive lung disease group as an event after adjusting for covariates in the complex sample. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to PM10, PM2.5, and CO was significantly associated with pulmonary function, especially restrictive lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Beom Choi
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sungha Yun
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sun-Ja Kim
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yong Bum Park
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungwon Oh
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
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Hwang MJ, Sung J, Yoon M, Kim JH, Yun HY, Choi DR, Koo YS, Oh K, Yun S, Cheong HK. Establishment of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey air pollution study dataset for the researchers on the health impact of ambient air pollution. Epidemiol Health 2021; 43:e2021015. [PMID: 33561914 PMCID: PMC8060520 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2021015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To provide a nationwide representative dataset for the study on health impact of air pollution, we combined the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with the daily air quality and weather data by matching the date of examination and the residential address of the participants. The database of meteorological factors and air quality as sources of exposure data were estimated using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model. The linkage dataset was merged by three ways; administrative district, si-gun-gu (city, county, and district), and geocode (in latitude and longitude coordinate units) based on the participants’ residential address, respectively. During the study period, the exposure dataset of 85,018 individuals (38,306 men and 46,712 women) whose examination dates were recorded were obtained. According to the definition of exposure period, the dataset was combined with the data on short-term, mid-term, and long-term exposure to air pollutants and the meteorological indices. Calculation of the daily merged dataset’s average air pollution linked by si-gun-gu and geocode units showed similar results. This study generated a daily average of meteorological indices and air pollution exposure dataset for all regions including rural and remote areas in Korea for 11 years. It is expected to provide a platform for the researchers studying the health impact of air pollution and climate change on the representative population and area, which may facilitate the establishment of local health care plans by understanding the residents’ health status at the local as well as national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Jae Hwang
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jisun Sung
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Miryoung Yoon
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong-Hun Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hui-Young Yun
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anyang University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Dae-Ryun Choi
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anyang University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Youn-Seo Koo
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anyang University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Kyungwon Oh
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sungha Yun
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hae-Kwan Cheong
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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